(A Forma La voz pasiva se forma con el verbo to be, El complemento agi por la preposicién by. voz pasiva} The proposal was accepted by all the members of the board. La propuesta fue aceptada por todos los miembros de la junta. Presente simple Presente simple Presente continuo Pasado simple Pasado simple (con verbo modal)** Pasado continuo Pretérito perfecto Pretérito perfecto (con verbo modal) Pretérito pluscuamperfecto Fururo simple Futuro perfecto “Condicional presente Condicional perfecto Infinitivo presente Tnfinitivo perfecto Participio presente/gerundio Participio perfecto * Puede utilizarse cualquier verbo modal de presente: should, ought to, have to. makes/make can make islare making ‘made could make washvere making hasibave made could have made had made will make “willhave made would make would have made to make 10 have made making having made ** Puede utilizarse cualquier verbo modal de pasado: ® islare made can be made islare being made washwere made “could be made Twashoere being made hasthave been made could have been made “had been made “willbe made will have been made would be made would have been made to be made “to have been made being made “having been made can, must, may, might, : could, had to.unit 20 ae 30 © La voz pasiva se utiliza para dar mas importancia a la accién 0 a su resultado que al sujeto que la realiza. © Eluso de la pasiva es mucho més comin en inglés que en castellano. Comparense las frases pasivas de los ejemplos de este apartado con sus traducciones. jgsan cars are made in Avila. Se fabrican coches Nissan en Avila. = The walls were painted pink. Se pintaron las paredes de rosa. # El sujeto del verbo activo es el complemento agente en la voz pasiva. El complemento agente se puede omitir en los siguientes casos: a) Cuando es obvio. The letter was delivered carly this morning (by the postman). La carta fue entregada esta maitana temprano (por el cartero). Se sabe que es el cartero el gue reparte las cartas. 1b) Cuando no es importante o se desconoce. Por esta razén no tiene mucho sentido usar someone, somebody como agentes. = My wallet was found yesterday by-semeone. Encontraron mi cartera ayer. (Lo més importante es la cartera). = My bike was stolen last week. Me robaron la bici la semana pasada. (No sabemos quién la rob6). © El agente aparece cuando éste tiene importancia. Ejemplo: Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare. Hamlet lo escribié William Shakespeare. VERBOS CON DOS OBJETOS ‘© En inglés, al contrario que en castellano, cuando el verbo activo tiene dos objetos, el objeto indirecto puede pasar a ser el sujeto de la frase pasiva. Eemplo: ACTIV. They offered Harry a good job. Le ofrecieron a Harry un buen empleo. PasIVA cry was offered a good job. O bien: A good job was offered to Harry. ®© Entre los verbos que admiren esta estructura cabe destacar: give, send, showy Tend, ask, tell, offer, order ¥ pay. "They didn'rlend us any money. We weren't lent any money. No tos prestaron = They've paid me a lot of money this time. C've been paid a lor of money time. Me han pagado mucho dinero esta vex, [BI ons us0s DE LA PASIVA oh RENNIN ANIPLIACION «© La pasiva puede emplearse también con verbos como believe, know, think, report, say, etc., en estructuras del tipo: It is said (that) this house dates back the 12th century. This house is said to date back to the 12th century. “Ambas estructuras son equivalentes y significan lo yaismo: s€ dice que esta data del siglo XIL. That puede omitiese y por ello aparece entre paréntesis en ejemplos. Si'se hace referencia al pasado desde el presente, el verbo de la oracion jntrodneida por that ira en pasado. En las oraciones de infinitive, se usa el infinitivo perfecto (to have + participio pasado}. Ejemplas: ~ Experts believe (that) this eword belonged to King Arthur, Los expertos (PRESENTE) que esta espada pertenects (PASADO) al rey Arturo. ~ Iris believed (thas) shis sword belonged to King Arthur. This sword is beli so have belonged to King Arthur. Se cree que esta espada pertenecia al tey ‘Arturo. Si el verbo en pasiva esta en pasado, la oraci6n introducida par that ir& en pretérito pluscuamperfecto (past perfect). Ea las oraciones de infimiivo se si usando el infinitivo perfecto (to have + pasticipio pasado). = They thought (that) che flowers had arrived from Holland. Pensaron que flores habian legado de Holanda. ~ Je was thought (thar) the flowers had arcived fom Holland, The flowers thought to have arrived from Holland. Se pensaba que las flores habian I de Holanda. (By uso be GETEN LA PASIVA AMPUACION © A veces se utiliza el verbo get en lugar de be en ‘a pasiva para expresar algo qi Je ocurre al sujeto, especialmente si es inesperado 0 imprevisto, Twaslgor bitten by a dog and went to hospital. Me mordis un perso y fs al b ©© Hay expresiones en las que se utiliza get que no tienen significado pasivo: get married/divorced/engaged/dressed. ‘After getting engaged they soon got married. Después de comprometerse, se casaron enseguida. nee F HAVE/GET SOMETHING DONE EES AMPLICONS ASSEN SSS © Empleamos la estructura have/get + objeto + participio pasado con un sentido pasivo para expresar que no ¢s el sujeto quien realiza la accidn, sino que se lo encarga a otros. ‘m going to have/get my car repaired. Voy a llevar el coche a reparar. Comparese co! Tm going to repair my car. Voy a reparar el coche (en este caso, voy a reparar el coche yo personalmente). © Ena mayor parte de los casos se puede usar have y get indistintamente, aunque set tiene el matiz. de conseguir. ~ Susan has her eyes tested every year. Susan se revisa la vista todos los aftos. ~ Susan got her eyes tested after calling every ophtalmologist in town for an appointment. Susan consiguié revisarse la vista después de lamar a todos los oftalmélogos de la ciudad para conseguir una cita. © También se utiliza la estructura con get exclusivamente para enfatizar que uno mismo va a encargarse de hacer todo el trabajo. Sera el contexto el que indique el verdadero sentido de la frase. Ejemplo: Pm going to get these clothes ironed. Voy a planchar toda esta ropa.PRACTICE Unir 20 TEES Cross out the agent if unnecessary, obvious or unimportant. 1. This painting can be considered a masterpiece by all of us. 2, He is considered to be a good actor by people. 3, Iwas fined $100 for speeding by a traffic guard, 4, If you listened to me, this whole business will be made clear by me. 5, All these bags have been carried home by me and me alone. BEA Which of these sentences are passive? 1. These CDs were bought in New York. 2. He is sitting in my favourite armchair. ‘Mary was very happy because she'd passed her exams. |. The suspects were arrested at the airport. . My room has been painted blue. 4. 5, 6. Ford cars are made in Valencia. 7. She is believed to have millions in the bank. 8, . Lean be very tired after work. OBOOOR008 HEE Look at these paper headlines. Rewrite them as complete sentences {in the passive). (3) Albania apes NEEDS FOOD NEEDS FOORa 1. ‘The Mona Lisa _bas been stolen from the Louvre. 2. Roses 3. Food _ 4, Iceland 5. Trade Union leaders 6. A factoryPractice Unir 20 Change these sentences into the passive. 1. They sell oysters in the shop next door. Oysters are sold in the shop next door. 2. They haven't delivered the food yet, a ie ee 3. Shakespeare wrote King Lear. st 4. They have to answer the questions on this sheet. a a pe Ne S$. Has anybody put the cases upstairs? tl] 6. Someone should take this rubbish away. 7. He must have eaten all the cakes. $$ tt = rd enytinnti ont pitiou eannainse seselt otinvot EE How would you say these sentences in your own language? A. Lunch is served between 12 and 1 o'clock, Elalmuerzo se sirve entre las doce y la una. 2. German is spoken, 3. Cars should be parked outside the hotel 4. Dogs must be kept on a lead. $. Food must riot be taken into the building, 6. Dogs are not allowed, a a Rewrite these sentences in the passive beginning with the words provided. 1. They'll ask you lots of questions, __ You'll be asked lots of questions. 2. Someone's going to send her some flowers. She 3. They didn’t pay me much for that job. 1 4, Have they offered him a better job? Has he 5S. They told us a secret. We 6. Would they lend me their car? Would I| Practice | Unir 20 HEA Rewrite these sentences keeping the same meaning as the original. 1. Iris said that these documents belong to the Prime Minister. ‘These documents __are said to belong to the Prime Minister. 2. A witch is believed to live in that house. Itis 3. Ie is thought that this town was buile in the 17th century. People 4. It was said that some ghosts inhabit this palace. Some ghosts Sad 5. The government was expected to reduce taxes soon, Irwas 6. Iv is known that Mediterranean food is healthy. Mediterranean food HER Rewrite these sentences using the structure have + something + done, 1. They're going to cut his hair tomorrow. Hes going __ fo have his hair cut tomorrow. 2. The decorators have painted our house white. We 3. John’s car was repaired at the garage yesterday. John st 4. Our computer is being fixed at the moment. (Wetter ee 5. The secretary will prepare some documents for the manager. ‘The manager will 6. His leg was broken in a car accident. Boe Se ae |Practice Unit 20 Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. Penicillin was discovered for Fleming. 2. Diana is been offered a good job. 3. Students aren’t allow to smoke in class. | 4, Was your ankle bit by a mosquito? 5. This house is said to have belong to Elvis Presley. 6. I'm going to have fixed my bike at the garage. Translate these sentences into English. 1. Es muy tarde. Pronto cerraran los bares, 2. El puente fue construido por los romanos. 3. Los desayunos se sirven en la cafeteria. 4. Se produce mucho vino en Francia. 5. Me estaban robando el coche cuando llegué. 6. Se dice que esta mesa pertenecié a un ministro italiano. 7. Me van a cambiar esta puerta. In your notebook, complete this story. Do not write more than 80 words. Example: When he entered the room, he was shocked. The drawers had been forced open...