INTER-SECTORAL COORDINATION

INTRODUCTION
Health is intrinsically related to development. However, the inter-linkages between health
and development were brought to the limelight at the Alma -Ata conference on Primary
Health Care (PHC) in 1978. The Alma Ata conference not only gave a new impetus to the
inter-linkages between health and development, but also restated the fact that ‘Health for All’
could not be achieved without inter-sectoral co-ordination. This restatement gave a new
direction not only to those involved in promoting health but also to those participating in the
process of community development.

COORDINATION - MEANING AND RELATED CONCEPTS

Coordination means integration, synchronization or orderly patterning of group efforts

towards the accomplishment of common goals. Coordination implies that all governmental
and non-governmental agencies understand each other’s roles, speak the same language,
avoid overlap and add value to each other’s work. Coordination can be differentiated from
‘cooperation’ and ‘collaboration’ in a number of ways. The ultimate aim of coordination is
the convergence of health care services in the community. There can be two types of
coordination such as coordination within the department called intra-sectoral, and between
the departments called inter-sectoral coordination.

Cooperation implies collective effort put in by a group willingly or voluntarily for

accomplishing some task. The effort does not have any directional framework. It depends on
people’s willingness to help each other.

• Collaboration refers to sharing similar responsibility by a group of people or agencies

based on agreements to carry out a project or programme. Coordination, as distinguished
from cooperation and collaboration, is more participative, implies commitment, economizes
effort, improves quality of work, avoid duplication and wastage, and optimizes output

. • Convergence is a process that facilitates different functionaries and community to work

together for efficient service delivery. Convergence leads to time saving, helps in building
rapport with others, reduces workload, and increases efficiency. Involvement and
participation of a community is a necessary pre-requisite for convergence. DEFINITIONS

INTER:Inter means with in or it self.

SECTOR:Sector refers to the different - different areas or they may be different

organizations.

COORDINATION DEFINITION

Coordination is defined as the planned teamwork of two or more persons, departments,

programs or organizations who are concerned with achieving a common goal.
INTER SECTORALCOORDINATION:

Intersectoral coordination refers to the promotion and co- ordination of the activities of
different sectors of health care system to enhance andto provide a qualitative services to
community.

CONCEPT OF COORDINATION

• Aims to strengthen unity of action.

• Is an orderly arrangement of group efforts.

• Is the process of integration among different organizational unity.

IMPORTANCE OF COORDINATION

• Effective & efficient use of resources

• Improved services

• Building of trust & decreased conflict

• Reduced duplications

• Enlarged scope of activities

• Standardization in policies

• More participatory, implies commitment, economizes effort, improves quality of

work, avoid duplication and wastage, and optimizes output.

MECHANISM OF COORDINATION

• Listing out the programs that needs joint efforts

• Identify the area where coordination is required

• Locate the level of health system where coordination is needed.

• Formation of coordination committee at different levels.

TYPES OF COORDINATION

• Horizontal Coordination

• Vertical Coordination

• Intra sectoral Coordination: within the same sector

• Inter sectoral Coordination: with different sectors

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION

Before we begin to understand the inter-linkages between health and other sectors, we must
know some of the guiding principles, which are important to the understanding of inter-
sectoral co-ordination.

These principles are

1)development is basic to health,

2)equity in health and

3)enhancing economic capacity of the poor people.

These three principles are not independent of each other and therefore they form the
guiding principle of Inter-Sectoral Coordination (ISC).

1)Development is basic to health:

Health is closely related to development. Health influences development and also influenced
by development. According to social scientists, improving the state of health contributes to
economic development, labour productivity and growth. There is strong relationship between
economic development and health, economic development trends to improve health status,
while better health contributes to economic development.

2) Equity: The most common understanding of equity, in terms of health, is that “every man,
woman and child, no matter where he or she lives, has the right to enjoy good health and
deserves to have access to health care services”. This definition, then, implies the following.
First, there must be enough health care services - availability. Second, whatever is available
must be accessible to the poor, forgotten, and the marginalised. Women/Child Welfare
Education Food/Civil Supplies Rural Development Public Health Agriculture Animal
Husbandry Health 52 Health Care System and Strategies

3) Promoting Economic Capacity of the Poor People: The economy “status plays an
important role in determining the health status of the people. It not only enables the people to
undertake preventive and curative health care measures, but also promotes sustainability of
their health status. Many countries have initiated community specific strategies, and
programmes to improve economic capacity of the poor. Some of the key strategies are: (i)
asset creation and development, (ii) capital formation, (iii) employment opportunities in the
private or public sector, and (iv) access to market avenues

AREAS OF INTER-SECTORAL COORDINATION IN HEALTH

Areas of great concern for inter-sectoral coordination in health include promotion of
nutrition,supply of safe water, excreta disposal and refuse disposal,waste water
disposal,maternal and child health,family welfare, immunization against major infectious
diseases,prevention and control of locally endemic diseases,health education on prevailing
health problems.

(i)Promotion of Nutrition:

The Health Department organises activities related to educating pregnant and lactating
mothers regarding quantity and quality of food, supplementary nutrition, nutritional care of
child, educating adolescent girls and boys regarding health, food habits, food
hygiene,balanced diet, malnutrition among children, food for geriatrics, adulteration of food
and subsequent diseases, role of kitchen garden, mid-day meals in schools; organising
nutrition education and preventing problems of malnutrition and anaemia in the community.

ii) Supply of Safe Water:

Health departments need to coordinate with the public health department for supply of safe
drinking water. The public health department is involved in site selection and surveys for
water sources; water analysis; and educating communities on how to get safe water.

iii) Excreta and Refuse Disposal:

Health and Public Health Department conducts education at the household level for use of
sanitary latrine and safe garbage disposal.

iv) Waste Water Disposal:

Health and Public Health Department organises health education camps on methods of safe
disposal of waste water and its advantages to the community.

v) Maternal and Child Health:

Health Department is responsible for health education on ante-natal, natal, and post-natal
care; infant and child care; and other related maternal and child health care services

vi) Family Health Care Education:

The Health and Family Welfare Department conducts health and family welfare education
through various communication methods at the grassroots.

vii) Immunization Against Major Infectious Diseases:

Health Department organizes and conducts educational programmes and provide service
facilities on immunization through the health centre personnel at various levels.

viii) Prevention and Control of Locally Endemic Diseases:

Health Department organises education on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cases of

TB, leprosy, malaria, scabies, etc.

ix) Improvement of overall Environment in Primary Health Centre premises:

This includes plantation, gardening, water supply, sanitation. The other department can
provide help to improve the health care centre premises.

COORDINATION MECHANISM AND BENEFITS OF ISC

In order to coordinate the different units, the health sector needs to evolve various
mechanisms of coordination at the intra and inter organization level.

These are i) listing out the programmes which need joint efforts

ii) identifying the areas where coordination is required

iii) knowing the categories of health personnel whose activities should be integrated

iv) locating the levels of health systems where joint efforts are needed

v) forming coordination committee of members of district health team which includes all the
middle level supervisors and specialised functionaries working at district level and

vi) forming operations teams at field level

vii) list different sectors, such as social welfare, women and child development, public health,
rural development, municipalities, and municipal corporations, and the heads of those
sectoral units which are directly or indirectly related with health and family welfare
programmes

viii) identify the non-governmental and voluntary health organisations, which are working in
the area of health and family welfare 57 Inter-sectoral Coordination in Health Care

ix) constitute a coordination committee with the representatives from district, block, and
village levels
x) formulate specific task-forces

xi) jointly decide the objectives and areas for coordination to achieve desired goals

xii) decide the role and responsibility of each department and mechanism of reporting and
feedback sharing

xiii) develop a plan of action that focuses on independent tasks, joint tasks, sharing of
resources, and field work in teams.

REQUISITES FOR EFFECTIVE INTERSECTORAL COORDINATION

Some of the pre-requisites for the effective inter-sectoral coordination are listed below.

i) Establishing an overall inter-sectoral strategy- this step is added for the sake of
completeness, but is unlikely to be attainable in practice.

ii) Establishing commonly agreed or binding priorities- inter-sectoral agreement to common

priorities and/or central agencies lays down the main lines of policy and establishes cross-
sector priorities.

iii) Defining common limits by setting parameters for sectoral activities- a central
organization of an inter-sectoral decision-making body may play a more active role by
constraining the admissible range of sectoral activity. The parameters define what sectoral
actors must not do, rather than prescribing what they should do.

iv) Arbitration of inter-sectoral differences- where inter-sectoral differences cannot be

resolved by the horizontal co-ordination processes defined in steps two to four, a central
mechanism of an ex ante commonly agreed procedure for arbitration is applied (e.g., state
hierarchy, voting)

v) Avoiding policy divergences among sectors and seeking consensusbeyond negative co-
ordination, to find out differences and prevent mutual negative effects, the
actors/organizations should work together by forming joint committees and project teams,
because they recognize their interdependence and their mutual interest in resolving policy
differences.

vi) Consultation with others- as a two way process, sectors/actors need to inform others
about what they are doing; they consult others in the process of formulating their own
policies, or positions.

vii) Information exchange among sectors- sectors/actors keep each other up to date about
recent issues and problems and how they propose to act in their own areas and also in
coordination of one another. Reliable and accepted channels of regular communication must
exist.

STEPS REQUIRED FOR EFFECTIVE INTER-SECTORAL COORDINATION (ISC)

 Effective coordination depends on leadership style and willingness to collaborate with other
sectors. It is essential to inform others about the health policies and priorities. Some of the
necessary actions required to be taken for ISC are listed below.

a) Proper orientation of policies and programme of each developmental department at all

level.

b) Formation of joint coordination committee at each level i.e., village/block/ district.

c) Defining roles and responsibilities of participatory agencies and classifying them to each
other.

d) Participatory decision making.

e) Developing a formal system of interaction, discussion and debate.

f) Sharing of the problems faced in implementation of health programmes and seeking

cooperation from each partner.

g) Spelling out strategies and procedures.

h) Joint monitoring and evaluation.

i) Remedial measures in solving problems related to coordination/resource mobilization.

BETTER HEALTH STATUS PRIVATE SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR HEALTH

PROGRAMMES VOLUNTARY AGENCIES SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

 The pulse polio drives have demonstrated effective mobilization of society can achieve
remarkable results forgoing of partnerships with the

 Government dept.,

 NGOs ,

 The corporate sector ,

 Trade unions,

 Human rights commission,

 Police,

 Legal bodies,

 Political parties,

 Health is not everything but everything else is nothing without health .

  It requires enthusiastic and sustained participation of all the citizens of the
country in taking responsibility for their own health as well as that of their
communities.

 An integrated multisectoral approach is appropriate to ensure coordination

between a range of activities.

STRATEGY FOR COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND INTERSECTORAL

COORDINATION

• The responsibility of seeking community participation and ensuring intersectoral

coordination, which have been identified as key factors for the success of any
program, can be integrated together.

• This responsibility can be shouldered by a single committee, which will be headed by

the Project Officer.

HEALTH CARE AS A PRIORITY SECTOR

• To encourage increased participation by the private sector in

– providing secondary

– tertiary health care

the government should announce health care as a priority sector and accord it all the benefits
that acquire from being accorded a priority sector such as cheaper sources of funding.

DEVELOP INTER- SECTORAL LINKAGES, ESPECIALLY IN PROMOTIVE AND

PREVENTIVE SERVICES

• There are several factors, which impact on the health of a community such as:-

• water

• sanitation

• sewage disposal.

THERE SHOULD BE A MASSIVE EFFORT IN HEALTH EDUCATION IN THE

ENTIRE COUNTRY:-

• through school teachers

• panchayat members

• youth clubs

• Mahila Mandals

• health workers
 • to help people inculcate a more rational and scientific understanding of health.

DEVELOP INTERSECTORAL LINKAGES IN MEETING FINANCE AND

MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS

• Our country would need a host of financing mechanisms to improve our health
infrastructure.

• They have initiated schemes to encourage private sources of finance to augment

constrained government spending.

MULTIPLE FINANCING OPTIONS TO PROVIDE FOR HEALTH CARE

• The current system of individual spending should migrate to collective spending on

health care.

• The government should facilitate this migrate though introducing multiple healthcare
financing schemes targeted at different socio-economic segments of the population.

• This should be through a mix of private and public sources.

VOLUNTARY SECTOR IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

• The voluntary sector should be involved in providing primary health care particularly
in the neediest areas.

• A special fund like CAPART( Centre for Advancement of People’s Action and
Rural Technology) should be set aside for this purpose .

ENHANCED PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION FOR INCREASED

COVERAGE

• The government should enlist private providers to deliver preventive care through
local delivery channels for specific preventive and promotive services.

• This would reduce the need for extensive infrastructure to be established by the
government.

• Means distributing authority and promoting channel of communication and

arranging the work so that the right things are done in right place at right time in the
right way by the right people.

COORDINATION IN DIFFERENT PLANS

National Health Policy, 1991: Necessary coordination will be maintained at each level
with the health related sectors.

Alma Ata Conference, 1978:

Inter sectoral coordination was identified as one of the four principles of Primary Health
Care

The NHSP-IP 2004 has identified coordinated management in the health sector both at the
control and field level as a major sector management output.

Second Long Term Health Plan:

There is a need to develop a mechanism to ensure ministries and their donor partners
effectively coordinate with themselves and with other sectors.

Three year Interim Plan: Coordination committee consisting of Ministry of Health,

Finance, Local Development, Women & Children will be

formed to make decentralization effective.

Thus co-ordination comprises:

• Integration

• Interdependence

• Goal harmonization

• Increase in efficiency

• Essence of management

• Increase in productivity

• Reduction in duplication

• It refers to the promotion and co- ordination of the activities of different sectors of
health care system to enhance and to provide a qualitative services to community.

• The ultimate aim of inter sectoral coordination is the convergence of health care
services in the community.

INTER SECTORAL COORDINATION AT CENTRAL LEVEL

• Health sector requires a multi sectoral approach with effective coordination among
GOs, private sectors, NGOs, INGOs, bilateral & mutilateral partners.

• Coordination within the higher managerial level of different sectors

• Practiced among policy maker and decision makers.

• It helps organization making rules and regulation, policies.

• It also helps to prevent overlapping, lacking, inconsistence and duplication of task.

• Prevents conflict situation among the workers.

 • The central level coordination can prevent grievance and gossips in the organizations

MOHP SHOULD HAVE COORDINATION WITH:

Ministry of Education

• Ministry of Agriculture

• Ministry of Women & Social Welfare

• Ministry of Science and Environment

• Ministry of Local development

• Ministry of Finance

• Ministry of Water resources

• Ministry of Home Affairs

Ministry of Housing & Physical Plan

INTER SECTORAL COORDINATION AT DISTRICT LEVEL

• Delivery of health services in the district involves multiple agencies including

GOs, I/NGOs and private agencies.

• In planning and managing health services, the local government & community
representative bodies are also involved.

• Therefore, it is quite required for District Health Managers to effectively coordinate

the implementation of services interventions.

DIFFERENT SECTORS IN PROVINCE/DISTRICTS

• District Education Office

• District Agriculture Office

• District Veterinary Office

• District Development Office

• District Ayurved Office

• District Women Development Office

• District Forest Office

• District hospital

• Other Government Organizations at district

 • NGOs/INGOs at district

COORDINATION AT LOCAL/PERIPHERAL LEVEL

• Each PHCC/HP should have coordination with:

▫ Schools

▫ Agricultural offices

▫ Veterinary offices

▫ VDC

▫ Different organization, clubs

▫ Local leaders/Intellectual persons

Mothers group/Youth club

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE REQUIRES SUPPORT OF OTHER SECTORS

• Good nutritional status

• Development in agriculture and home economics

• Women education and empowerment

• Availability of potable water

• Safe disposal of waste and excreta

• Road connectivity of remote villages

• Mass media

• Policies & legislation

• Industries

• Housing standards

The Health Care System is intended to deliver health care services. It

operates in context of socio-economic and political framework of the country.
In India, it is represented by five major sectors which differ from each other.
They are

 Public Sector
 Private Sector
  Indigenous System of Medicine
 Voluntary Agencies
 National Health Programmes

NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
The private sector is playing an increasing role in the provision of
Primary Health Care through both the for-profit and not-for-profit portions of
the sector. The NGO’s are the organizations that are formed by groups of people
because of their interest in a particular health concern, such as diabetes, child
abuse or environmental pollution. Voluntary agencies are funded by donations.
Non – Governmental agencies are of five types
NON-GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES
Non-Governmental agencies arose because there was an unmet health need.They are the
organizations that are formed by groups of people because of their interest in a particular
health concern, such as diabetes, child abuse or, environmental pollution. Voluntary agencies
are funded by donations. They are accountable to their supporters and their activities are
determined by supporters interest, rather than legal proceedings .

1.VOLUNTARY AGENCIES:
Voluntary agencies play an important role in research and education, although they may
provide a few direct health services. Since official efforts alone are not sufficient to meet the
health needs of the country, it is essential to have voluntary agencies to support and guard the
work of official agencies.

VOLUNTARY HEALTH ORGANISATION

In the field of health, their role is in promotion of health, creation of awareness among
people about various measures to prevent illness and provision of welfare services for victims
of different types of diseases.

Since official efforts alone are not sufficient Indian Red Cross Society,Hind Kusht Nivaran
Sangh,Indian Council for Child Welfare,Tuberculosis Association of India Bharat Sewak
Samaj, Central Social Welfare Board, Kasturba Memorial Fund, Family Planning Association
Of India All India Women’s Conferences, The All India Blind Relief Society.

ROLE OF VOLUNTARY AGENCIES

They perform eight basic functions within the scientific health .

Pioneering: Voluntary agencies explore areas that are underserved by the other components
of the health care system e.g. research that culminated in the development of a vaccine was
the early focus of the March of Dimes. And now, Polio Immunization is largely a function of
official agencies. Demonstration of Pilot Projects in Health care Delivery.

Education: Educating public and health professionals is the function of voluntary agencies.

Supplementation: Supplementation of services provided by the official health agencies. For

instance, some voluntary health agencies provide transportation to clinics, respite care,
special equipments and other services . Advocacy for Public Interests: They advocate for the
public health. E.g. a voluntary health agency may campaign against reduction of health care
services due to budget cuts. Legislation: Promoting legislation related to health is a closely
related function.

Health Planning and Organization: Voluntary agencies often assist official agencies in
determining health care needs in the population and in planning programs to address those
needs. Assisting Official Agencies: Voluntary agencies assist official agencies in developing
well-balanced community health programmes. E.g. Voluntary agencies often provide services
that fill gaps in services available from official agencies.

2.PROFESSIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS

Professional agencies are made of health professionals who have completed specialized
education and have met the standards of registration, licensure for their respective fields.e.g.
American Nurseds Association, INC, PNRC etc.

ROLE OF PROFESSIONAL HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS

 Promoting high standards of professional practice for their specific profession, thus
improving health of society.
 Certification of continuing- education programmes for professional renewal.
 Lobbying: for example, INC has a powerful lobby nationally. Their purpose is to
affect legislation in such a way as to benefit their membership and their profession.

3.PHILANTHROPIC FOUNDATIONS
Philanthropic Foundations These foundations support community health throughout the
world by funding programmes and research on the prevention, control and treatment of many
diseases. E.g. Rockfeller Foundation fund the international health projects. The development
of vaccine for yellow fever by a scientist funded by the Rockfeller foundation is an example
of one such long- range project.

4.SERVICE , SOCIAL & RELIGIOUS

These play an important role in community health e.g. Rotary clubs. Lions Club Members
enjoy social interactions with people of similar interests in addition to fulfilling the needs of
communities. Though their specific mission is not health, but they make important
contributions in that direction by raising money and funding health- related problems.

Religious groups donate money for missions. It should be noted that some religious groups
have hindered the work of community health workers. Almost every community in the
country can provide an example where a religious organization has protected the offering of a
school district’s sex education programme.

5.CORPORATE AGENCIES
These agencies support health related programmes both at and away from the worksite.
Worksite programmes aimed at trimming employee medical bills. Away worksite, the
activities go beyond traditional sponsorship of youth and may include community health
fairs, screening programmes for specific health problems.

FUNCTIONS OF CORPORATE AGENCIES: 

To share good practice in supporting corporate responsibility, and for coordination among
themselves, becomes more manageable if their activities are grouped around particular
industry sectors, themes or countries. This allows a focus on the regions or sectors where the
development challenges, and the potential for the corporate responsibility to contribute, are
the greatest.

It remains important to bring the public and private sectors together in order to find new ways
to address issues of common concern. Build the capacity of local private sector, labour and
civil society organisations, including intermediaries Invest in human capacities and
leadership

Other such foundations are:

Commonwealth Fund (contributes to community health in rural communities) Ford

Foundation ( contributes to family planning efforts throughout the world).

BENEFITS OF INTER-SECTORAL COORDINATION

The benefits expected from inter-sectoral co-ordination are

 achievement of goals which cannot be achieved alone

 increases the chance that those policy alternatives are chosen which are most likely to
result in the highest overall welfare gains
 To provide sustainable basic health services to the community and to integrate these
services with other health services provided by other health sectors.
 Early detection, treatment of patients within the community itself
 To promote cooperation and mutual understanding among various sectors
 helps prevent overall welfare losses because of policies that entail positive welfare
effects for individual actors, but disadvantageous from an overall point of view
 provides legitimacy and acceptance to public policy. To sum up, inter-sectoral co-
ordination is likely to lead to more effective public policies due to enhanced
governance knowledge, mutual learning, reduced risk of deadlocks in decision
making, avoidance of unintended side effects, and the prevention of implementation
resistance.
 For attaining the goal of “ Health for All ”. To make the services available to people
with early and easy access.
Indian Journaql of Medical Research

Indian J Med Res. 2021 Mar; 153(3): 281–286.

doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_537_21
PMCID: PMC8204840
PMID: 33906990

Adopting an intersectoral One Health approach in India:

Time for One Health Committees
Rajib Dasgupta,1 Fiona Tomley,4 Robyn Alders,5,6 Sukhadeo B.
Barbuddhe,3 and Anita Kotwani2
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer

Abstract

Following the several episodes of zoonotic disease outbreaks and the more recent COVID-19
pandemic, the Indian policy initiatives are committed to institutionalize One Health (OH)
approaches and promote intersectoral, transdisciplinary collaboration and cooperation. The
OH principle needs to be visualized beyond the scope of zoonoses. While conservation,
ecological and veterinary professions are getting increasingly engaged with OH, most of the
medical/clinical and social sciences professions are only peripherally aware of its nuances.
The OH initiatives, by their essentially multidisciplinary nature, entail working across
ministries and navigating tacit institutional hierarchies and allocating leadership roles. The
logical operational step will be the constitution of One Health Committees (OHC) at the State
and district levels. Here, we outline the key foundational principles of OHC and hope that the
framework for implementation shall be deliberated through wider consultations and piloted
and adopted in a phased manner.

INTERSECTORAL ACTIVITIES IN THE TIME OF COVID-19

Sagar, Rajesh; Sen, Mahadev Singh

Author Information
Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry 36(Suppl 1):p S61-S63, October
2020. | DOI: 10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_257_20
Metrics

Intersectoral activities, as the name suggests, require involvement and integration of the
mental health sector with public health, medicine, and various stakeholders. The infection
that shook the world, COVID-19, not only is causing physical problems but is also causing a
surge in mental health issues. It is a matter of concern that people are having “COVID stress”
and related problems which is directly or indirectly leading to mental health issues. The
motto “No health without mental health” stands true in this time also. Not only this but there
may also be a surge in such cases even after the resolution of the problem. There is already
concern in the rise in the demand of mental health professionals and a fear of how to meet
such a demand. Most emergency departments are not well equipped to handle psychiatric
emergencies, and economic burden is another concern. Such disasters disrupt normal lives
and affect us in many ways. Such times require a strong leadership from government, and the
functions include assessment of various risks to the society along with bringing together
various specialized agencies Since the Declaration of Alma-Ata, the concept of intersectoral
coordination for economic and social development of health in general has gained importance
and the concept has been applied to mental health sectors as well.

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT :- AUTHOR:- BISWAS R. (1) ; MAZUMDAR A. (1) ;

BAGCHI S. (1) ; JOURNAL TITLE:- Indian Journal of Public Health , 1999, VOL 43
TITLE :- A study of intersectoral co-ordination in disaster management in flood prone
districts of West Bengal.

Disaster management is essentially a multi- sectoral and multidisciplinary endeavour. The

status of disaster preparedness, coordination among different sectors and its impact on
disaster management performance were studied and compared in two flood prone comparable
districts viz. Midnapore and Murshidabad of West Bengal . The perception of state level
officers about important job responsibilities of other departments in relation to disaster
management and its intersectoral co-ordination was found mostly satisfactory; but this
desired status did not prevail at district level. Lack of co-ordination among some sectors at
district levels persisted in Murshidabad district, indicating comparatively better intersectoral
co-ordination in Midnapore district. Thus, 'early response following flood' the most important
indicator of adequacy of pre-disaster preparedness was found significantly better in
Midnapore district. On the contrary, due to liberal use of Radio transmission set for flood
warning, a significantly higher proportion of affected families in Murshidabad district
received early flood warning compared to Midnapore. Organisational aspects of disaster
management need to be improvised with role clarity of different departments in relation to
other sectors involved in this endeavor.
SUMMARY

So for we have discussed about definition of inersectoral co

ordination,concepts,importance,guiding principles,areas of ISC in
health,mechanism,requisites,steps required for effective ISC,strategy for
community participation & ISC, and ISCat National,state,district level.
CONCLUSION

Through this seminar I acquired depth of knowledge about Intersectoral co

ordination.I hope that you all gained knowledge and understood about
Intersectoral co ordination and developed desirable knowledge,skills and
attitude towards it.My sincere thanks to all our respected faculties of
Community Health Nursing for their guidance and courage to do my seminar.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Park.k(2021). “Text book of preventive and social medicine”,26th

edition,Banarsidas Bhanot publishers,Jabalpur.
Clement.I, “Basic concepts of community health nursing.” 2nd
edition,Jaypee brothers medical publishers,Newdelhi.
Ann Allender.J,etal.(2014) “Community Health Nursing”.8th
edition,Wolters kluwer,Philadelphia.
Bijayalakshmi Dash(2017). “A comprehensive text book of community
health nursing”,1st edition, Jaypee brothers medical publishers,Newdelhi.
Greta Thornbory(2009). “Public health nursing”,1 st edition,Wiley
Blackwell publication,United kingdom.

NET REFERRENCES

https//.www.egyankosh.ac.in>biystream>isc.
https//.pupmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
https//.www.wikipedia.com
https//.www.jstor.org>stable

JOURNAL REFERENCES

https//.www.ijic.org.
https//.www.ijhpm.com.
https//.www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov>articles
 COLLEGE OF NURSING

MADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGE

MADURAI-20

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING -I

Seminar on
INTERSECTORAL CO-ORDINATION

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:

ANITHA.A I YEAR MSc(N)
I YEAR Msc(N)
COLLEGE OF NURSING,
MADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGE,
MADURAI-20
Miss.A.SHANTHI Msc(N),
READER,
COLLEGE OF NURSING,
MADURAI MEDICAL COLLEGE,
MADURAI-20

SUBMITTED ON: .02.2023

SIGNATURE OF THE FACULTY: SIGNATURE OF THE HOD: