(J, For and Against Essays eee 1 What is genetic engineering’ In what fields is it used today? What achievements do you know of that have been made in genetic engineerin 2 ©) Youwill hear part of a TV discussion programme about genetics. Look at the paints in favour of and against genetic engineering, then listen and the points which the speakers mention, FOR AGAINST 1 choosing sex of our children 6 morally wrong to ater humans) 2 creating ideal people for any job 7 dividing word into rien and poor L] 3 curing diseases []_—B loss ot rational characterises) 4 providing food for everyone []_-9 unpredictable consequences o 5 new species of plants created [[] _10 creating too large a population Now read the theory and the plan below and listen to the cassette again, Then, using the linking words and phrases below aswell as your notes give a one-minute talk on the advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering, One major advantage of, A further advantage of, In addition, On the other hand, Moreover, Finally F “or and against” essay is a formal piece of wrting in which a topic is considered from opposing points of view. You should present both sides in a fair way Py discussing them objectively and in equal detail ‘A good essay of this type should consist of ayn ineductory paragraph in wrich you dearly state the topic to be discussed, ‘without giving your opinion; by a main Body in which the points for and against along with your justiicatons examples or reasons are presented in separate paragraphs; and «) closing, paragraph in which you state your opinion or give a balanced consideration ofthe topic. Note: Opinion words (think, I believe, n my opinion, et.) can only be used in the closing paragraph where you give your opinion onthe topic. Points to consider Before you start writing your essay you should make a list ofthe points for and against Each paragraph should stat with atopic sentence which summarises the topic of the paragraph 2.9, hn addlion, many peopl fe! reading is 2 relaxing and worthwhile acti. ‘© Do not use informal style (e.g. short forms, colloquial language, etc.) oF strong tanguage to express your opinion (e.g know ...et.). Express your opinion in om emotional way (e.g. t seems that, | therefore feel, 6) ‘@- Wellknown quotations relevant to the topic you are writing about wil make Your Composition more interesting, For example, you are wing an essay on education, quotation you may include is: “Education isa progressive alscovery of our own ignorance.” (Will Durant) Note: Although these are “balanced” arguments i you feet that either the for oF aga, sive iostronger and should be supported, this side should be presented in paragraphs 4 & 5 thus leading the reader to your conclusion. Introduction Paragraph 1 state topic (summary of the topic without giving your opinion) Nain Body Paragraphs 2 & 3 arguments for & justifications, examples, and/or reasons Paragraphs 4 & 5 arguments against & justification, examples, and/or reasons Conclusion Final Paragraph balanced consideration) your opinion directly or indirectly62 Unit Go For and Against Essays Useful expressions and linking words/phrases © Tolist points Firstly, First of al, n the frst place, To begin’start wit, ‘Secondly, Thirdly, Finally © Tolist advantages: COne/AnotheriA further/An additional (major) advantage of is The mainigreatestfst advantage of . is © Tolist disadvantages: COne/Another! A further/An aditional (major) disadvantageldrawback of ‘The main/greatestimost seriousitirst disadvantage /Grawback of ‘Another negative aspect of ‘© To introduce points/arguments for or against: (One (very convincing) point/argument in favour of .. against |Aturther common criticism of... /Itcould be argued that... ‘often | claimed/suggested Itis | widely | arguedimaintaineai | that generally | feltbelievediheld claim/suggestiarguesfee! that sorely it cuttagreemols that trot peopeexpers! | advocate (Finglnourisppor te vew tat Sosnttlsceptcs) | oppese the view tat cites evo aga are of te oon talconvined that [PT opposed io 4 Complete the following sentences without changing the meaning of the sentence before. 1 It is widely maintained that recycling some products reduces the amount of damage we do to the environment, Most people advocate 2 Some people still oppose the view that mothers can be career women too. Some people feel. 3. One argument against nuclear testing is that it has long-lasting effects on surrounding areas. Sceptics point out that .. 4 It is generally held that harsher punishments for criminals would result in a decrease in the crime rate. Many people support .. Critics often argue that the use of computers is reducing levels of literacy ‘A further common 5 Fill in the gaps using words frv the table. ple support the < wealthier countries of support the | developed countries. One major of us public transport is that it can get y crowded during busy periods, Environmentalist... DaNT the use of cars in the city centre Another negative keeping pets is that veterina can be extremely expensive Tt is widely ooo that nue weapons should be bar worldwide to eliminate the thre nuclear war A eonnsneee advantage Of owni mobile phone is that one can co others from almost anywhere: