130 ENSES: FUTURE future: will (and shall) [ter shall) work | Questions: will/shall I work? eto ‘you will work | Nesaive: I will/shall mot work ete hhe/she/tt will work we will (or shall) work they will work Contractions: P'l, you'll ete: won't /waont/, shan't /Faznt/ Uwe will and I/we shall are used with no difference of meaning in most situation British English, (But see page 121.) Will is more common than shall We use will/shall to give or ask for information about the future, in cases where there is no reason to use a present verb-form (see pages 132-136). We will need the money on the 15th. Will all the family be at the wedding? It will be spring soon. ‘She be here ina few minutes, We often use will/shall to predict the future —to say what we think, guess or calculate will happen, Tomorrow will be warm, with some cloud in the afternoon. Who do you think will win? You'll never finish that book. 1 Here are some sentences taken from recorded conversations. Can you put the beginnings and ends together? io 7 Buy the cat food here. about you. aa Don't give her your keys. and then yous kids will laugh at you Get John tohavea look atthe TV. | Hell ixit ‘He'll grow up one day. hn'l be dead in five years. He'l need somebody hell drink it ‘How's June?" hel gt it on the nose with a ball Tmust get back to work, ‘Thope you're right.” Ithe doesn't stop drinking, IL be cheaper. If'we give her a shout, on May 12th. Ifyou put lemon in it, otherwise I'll get the sack. Knowing his luck, ithe plays golf No good sending her a bill i it? One day you'll be old, She'll be fourteen She'l forget ‘She'll be OK.” She'll just refuse to pay. She'll only lose them, she'll come and help, to help him, ETComplete the sentences with your own predictions. Ie ill / will not rain mext week. (rain) England wll / will not win the next football World Cup. (win) ‘The weather __ much warmer in the next few years. (get) ‘There a world government before the year 2050. (be) ‘There a world war before the year 2050. (he) Private cars before the year 2100. (disappear) English __ the world language in the year 2100. (be) Everybody / Not everybody a computer in the year 2100. (have) Everybody / Not everybody enough to eatin the year 2100. (have) Clothes very different in the year 2100. (be) In the year 2100, people the same things as they do now. (eat) (Write your own prediction.) Look at the map and complete the weather forecast. Use some of the Samay [36 5 words in the box. eum E> cn [beady earthquakes east hurricanes ice = lightning — north rain | > siti sow south thonder es eer che i 2 _ | ‘Tomorrow will __ mainly —, but : ° ean there ___some —__ in the north. ‘There __be strong — from the south-west later in the day. It will be quite __in the south, but Scotland —— cold, and in the of Scotland the rain __ turn to____during the afternoon, For will aiterif,see pages 137, 256. For will in requests, promises etc, see page 118,a32 es: FUTURE future: going to ‘We ofien use present verb-forms io talk about the future. For example, ‘we say that something és going to happen. Thisis common when we talk about plans, decisions and firm intentions, especially in an informal style. We're going to get a new car soon, When are you going to get your haircut? T'm going to keep asking her ou until she says “Yes. 1 Here are some of the plans of various members of a family. Can you put the sentences together, using going to? Exampk Jane is going to study musie in Vienna BEGINNINGS But firs, she / spend Max / do maths and science ‘Then he / train Jennifer's eight, and she doesn’t know One day she says ‘And the next she says she / ‘This summer, Jane / Max / spend | ‘their parents / spend ‘Then they / NINGS ENDS Jane / study professional pianist, She / try to become year learning German. asa pilot decorate the house. for his final exams. ‘music in Vienna, she / be a dancer. the summer learning to tly. start her own business. stay with her aunt in, America. ‘two weeks walking in Scotland, what she / do. ‘Right, children, there are going to be a few changes tis term. “Thisis going to put the magic back into our marriage.’future: present progressive ‘The present progressive is common when we talk about future personal arrangements and fixed plans; we often give the time, date, and/or place. ‘What are you doing this evening?’ ‘Pm washing my hai My car’s having a service next week. We're going to Spain in june. Did you know Pm getting a new job? What are we having for dinner? Look at the diary and correct the sentences. 1. She's playing tennis on Sunday afternoon. 2 She's having lunch with James at 12.30 on Tuesday. AUGUST WEEK 3 She's fying to Rotterdam on Thursday. aa 4 She's meeting Mrs Parsons in the London office. 2 Sunday 5 She's driving to the meeting with Mrs Parsons. ccd 6 She's going to a funeral on Wednesday afternoon. Mathew aftemora 7 She's meeting the accountants at 12.00 on Monday. - She's going to the theatre on Saturday ev 23 Monday 8 She's going re on Saturday evening ie owe 9 She's spending Friday at the races. te ee oe ras 10 Matthew is coming to see her on Sunday morning. Accountants 4-00 pm 24 Tuesday 2. Write some sentences about your plans for the coming week. Ifyou can work with other students, find out about their plans. Ey George's fumeral 2.00 Luu lowes 12-50 26 Thursday To Amstetdaw KLM HT, 8.00 Back. 18-50 KLM IS6 21 Friday Theatre Reyok arith Polls few million of usare going out for a meal. Are you interested?TENSES: FUTURE = future: comparison of structures We can often use more than one structure to talk about the same future event. Present forms emphasise present ideas like intention, certainty and plans. We prefer will/shall when we are not emphasising present ideas. Compare: Next year is going to be different —I promise. (present intention) ‘Next year will probably be diferent, What are you doing next year? You haven't told me your plans. What witl you do nex year ~ do you know? We prefer present forms when we are talking about future events that have some present reality. Compare: Pm seeing Pete on Tuesday. (There is an arrangement now.) wonder if he'N recognise me. (No present idea.) In predictions, we prefer present forms when theres 0 happen when wecan see something coming. ‘We prefer will when we are talking more about what is inside our heads: our beliefs, messes, knowledge etc. je evidence for what will Look out — we're going to crash! (Lcan see it coming.) Don’t lend him your car—he'H erash it, (know him.) 1 Which form do you feel is best? Here's the builder's estimate. It (will cost / is going to cost) £7,000 to repair the roof, I think it (will cost / is going to cost) about £3,000 to rebuild the garage. Allice (will have jis going to have) a baby. With a bit of luck, the baby (will have / is going to have) Alice's eves. (Coil! play / Tm playing) tennis with Stan on Sunday. (He'll win, / He's winning.) He always does. Don't tell her. (She'll tell / She's going to tell) everybody else. What's happening? The train (won't stop isn't going 10 stop)! One day everybody (will have / is going to have) proper housing, 10 (She'll get married / She's getting married on Friday at the local church. LL (It will rain /1t's going to rain) look at those clouds. 12 Mitgets any colder, (i will snow / it's going to snow). worauaen136 TENSES: FUTURE future: simple present ‘We sometimes use the simple present to talk about the fature, This happens mostly when we talk about timetables, routines and schedules. ‘Next term starts on 6 April My train Teaves at 3.17. What time does the bus arrive in York? Do you have classes next Saturday? “The simple present cam also be used to give and ask for Instructions. ‘When you get tothe office you go up tothe fst flor. you Kock on the first door on the rghit and you ask for Mrs Alstone, OK? What do we do now? Where do I pay? Inother cases we don'tuse the simple presentin main clauses to talk about ‘he future, (Forsubordinate clauses after conjunctions, see page 244.) “Lucy's coming for a drink this evening. (Nor Lueiyeornes ..) PH phone you~ I promise. (Nov tphone yeu.) ‘There's the doorbell. PH go. (NOT «.190=) Choose the best tense. ‘When (does / will) school start? ‘The plane (arrives / will arrive) at 10.00. 1 (write / will write) soon. We (go / are going) to Spain some time soon. ‘You (go / will go) next door for the tickets. 1 (stop j will stop) smoking after Christmas. How (do / will) [switch this on? a> ‘The exams (are / will be) in June. 3 I (have j will have) a lecture at 9.00 tomorrow. ‘The train (won't / doesn’t) stop at Oxford. (come f will come) round alter 7.00. Where (do will) [go for my interview? (play / am playing} football tomorrow. What time (does / will) the concert end? 1 (post / will post) your letters. TERRE Bem aueene © And please hurry. My credit eard expires at midnight