CESWE CAREER EXECUTIVE SERVICE WRITTEN EXAMINATION INCLUSION: &@ MANAGEMENT APTITUDE TEST MERROR RECOGNITION TEST MREADING COMPREHENSION TEST DATA INTERPRETATION TEST MLOGICAL REASONING TEST MMANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND PROBLEMS MHSITUATIONAL JUDGEMENT TEST HRISTIAN ANGELO BORJAManagement Aptitude Test Section-1 Language Comprehension Directions—(Q. 1-2) Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error in it. The error if any will be in one part of the sentence, the letter of that part will be the answer. If there is no error, mark (E) as the answer. (Ignore errors of punctuation, if any.) QI. Sheela had to travel all the way back (1) / when she remembered that (2) / she had forgot to take (3) / important documents with her, (4)/ No error (5) (@I (b)2 (©)3 (@4 (5 (Q2. The party is holding a meeting (1) / in order to begin the (2) / painful and difficult process (3) / of rethink its political strategy. (4)! No error (5) @l (b)2 (©)3 (@4 ()5 Q3. The only bad thing about (I) /these flowers are the (2) / pollen which causes (3) / allergy in many people. (4) /No error (5) @t (b)2 (©)3 4 (5 ‘Q4.Anun is not only eminent (1)/for his writings in English (2vbut also for his (3)/paintings on spiritual themes. (4)/ No error (5) @! (b) 2 (3 @4 (©)5 Q5. This is the only organization (1) / which could somehow continue (2) / to making profits (3) / in the face of recession. (4) No error (5) @I (b)2 (©)3 (@4 (©)5 Directions (6-10): Which of the phrases (a), (b), (c) and (4) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold in the sentence to make it grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is given and ‘No correction is required’, mark (e) as the answer. (Q6. As it was a dark and stormy night, Lata was too seared to go home alone. (a) very scary to (b) much scared to (©) as scared to (@) to scared too (c) No correction required QZ. Since it was her engagement party, Riya was dress to kill, (2) dresses to kill (b) dressed to Kill() dressed to killings (@) dressing to killed (e) No correction required Q8. Ramesh worries endlessly about his son’s future as he was so poor in studies. (a) worry endless (b) worried endless (c) worried endlessly (@) worries endless (e) No correction required ‘Q9, Now that the actual criminal had been caught, Kunal was happy that he was finally let of the hook. (2) off the hook (b) of the hookings (6) off the hooks (A) of the hooks (c) No correction required QIO. The little boy appeared all of a sudden out of nowhere and take everyone by surprise, (@) took everyone as surprised (b) take everyone with surprised (c) took everyone by surprises (4) took everyone by surprise (e) No correction required Directions (11-15): In each of the following sentences, an idiomatic expression or a proverb is highlighted. Select the alternative which best describes its use.in'the sentence. QI1. He went to his friend’s house in the evening as was his wont, (a) as usual (b) as he wanted (6) as his want was (@) as he wanted that day (c) none of these Q12. Why do you wish to tread on the toes’ (@) To give offence to them (b) To follow them grudgingly (c) To treat them indifferently (@) To be kicked by them (e) None of these Q13. He intends setting up as a lawyer in the adjoining district. (a) To establish himself (b) To migrate (©) To join (@) To settle (e) None of these QI4. The autographed bat from the famous cricketer Sunil Gavaskar is worth a jew’s eye. (a) Not a worthy possession (b) unnecessary (©) A costly items (4) A possession of high value (c) None of these QIS. The speaker gave a bird’s eye view of the political conditions in the country. (a) a personal view (b)a general view (c) a biased view (4) a detailed presentation (c) None of theseAnswer Keys SI. Ans.(3) Sol. Substitute ‘forgotten’ in place of “forgot” . 82. Ans.(4) Sol. Substitute ‘rethinking’ in place of ‘rethink’, 83. Ans.(2) Sol. Substitute ‘is’ in place of tare”. S4. Ans.(1) Sol. Use ‘eminent’ before not only. 85. Ans.(3) Sol. Substitute ‘make’ in place of ‘making’. 86. Ans.(e) Sol. Here, too is used as emphatic word: Lata was so scared that she could not go home alone. Hence, no correction is required. ‘87. Ans.(b) Sol. The structure of sentence is subject + was/were + third form of verb + object. Thus, Riya was dressed to kill S8. Ans.(c) Sol. The given sentence is the statement of simple past tense. Hence it should be ‘worried? instead of worries. 89. Ans.(a) Sol. The phrase ‘let off” means to give them only a light punishment. $10. Ans.(d) Sol. It should be ‘took’ instead of ‘take’. SII. Ans.(a) Sol. “as was his wont” means a manner or action habitually employed by or associated with someone S12. Ans.(a) Sol. Tread on the toes means to offend someone, especially by encroaching on their privileges. $13. Ans.(a) $14. Ans.(d) Sol. “worth a jew’s eye” means very valuable S15. Ans.(b) Sol. “bird’s eye view” means a general view from above.Directions—Each question below has two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Choose the set ‘of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 1. After having been friends for more than a decade, they had a last year and have not. each other (a) fight, talked (b) argument, met (©) dispute, seen (@) quarrel, admired (©) difference, introduced 2.The workers, several of had complained about their low wages earlier, have now to move the court for the labour rights. (a) who, indicated (b) whom, decided (6) which, threatened (@) them, resolved (e) number, warmed 3.The hutment dwellers were jubilant when the government an apartment to each of them at (a) demolished, fast (b) announced, less (©) provided, high (@) acquired, low (€) promised, subsidized 4.The organization was deeply in it and took it to a new high. (a) indebted, necessary (b) plagued, vital, (6) coping, more (@) hur, ertieal (€) shaken, inevitable 5. The prime minister, who is news of India winning the World Cup. by difficulties a decade ago but the new CEO brought many changes in his holiday home at the moment, said that he was very(2) visiting, happy (b) residing, obliged (6) intruding, dejected (4) staying, pleased (6) resting, cheerful Directions (6-10): Read this sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical mistake/error in it, The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. Mark the part with the error as your answer. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer. (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any.) 6. If you had not a)/ reached so quickly, by’ we might well e)/ have had a disaster. d)/ No error e) faa (bb ec @é (ee 7. Under the terms of the new deal a)/ the channel can broadcast b)/ the next cricket tournament to be ¢)/ played among India and Australia. d)/ No error e) @a od (ec @d je 8. The company is in debt a)/ and has been unable b)/ to pay their employees’ salaries c)/ for the past six months. d)/No ‘error e) (@a (> @ec @d (ec 9. Ashok is among the (a)/ few people in the world (b)/ which did not blindly follow (c)/the path of others. (d)/ No error (¢) (aa >ec @d (ee 10, Most people like (a)/to rest after a day’s work (b)/ but he seemed (c)/ to have an in exhaustive supply of energy. (d)/ No error. (e) (@a (b)b (ee @d @e Directions (11-15): Reatrange the following sentences (A), (B), (C):(D), (E) and (F) into a meaningful paragraph and then answer the questions given below it, (A) The world is losing one tiger a day due to poaching, (B) Tiger poaching, therefore, is a widespread menace. (©) One must not forget the fact that upon the population of tiger depends ecological balance. (D) It is not difficult to kil a tiger because it sticks to a particular track in the jungle that can be identified by the foresters and poachers. (E) The latter have devised ways of trapping and killing tigers. (F) According to present estimates, at this Tate, their entire population may be decimated in a few decades. 11, Which of the following should be the FIRST sentence after rearrangement ? @A )B wc @D ()E 12, Which of the following should be the SECOND sentence after rearrangement ? @B wc ©D @E OF13. Which of the following should be the THIRD sentence after rearrangement ? @A ()B wc @D (@®E 14, Which of the following should be the FIFTH sentence after rearrangement ? @A )B wc @D OF 15. Which of the following should be the SIXTH (LAST) sentence after rearrangement ? @A @)B wc (@D OEAnswer Keys SI. Ans.(c) Sol. Dispute means a disagreement or argument. 82. Ans.(b) Sol. $3. Ans.(e) Sol. Subsidized means support (an organization or activity) finan S4, Ans.(b) Sol. Plagued means to cause continual trouble or distress $5. Ans.(d) Sol. Option (¢) is the correct choice. $6. Ans.(e) Sol There is no error in the statement. S7. Ans.(d) Sol Substitute ‘between’ for ‘among’ S8. Ans.(c) Sol. Substitute ‘its’ for ‘their’ 89. Ans.(c) Sol. Use ‘who’ in place of ‘which’, For persons relative pronoun who is used. $10. Ans.(c) Sol. Use ‘seems’ in place of ‘seemed’. Present Indefinite form of verb is required. It isa fact about nature. Directions (11-15); The correct sequence is DEBAFC SH. Ans.(d) S12, Ans.(d) S13. Ans.(b) S14. Ans.(e ) S15. Ans.(c)Mathematical Aptitude 1. A train running at the speed of 60 km/hr crosses a pole in 9 seconds. What is the length of the train? A. 120 metres B. 180 metres C. 324 metres D. 150 metres 2. Alfred buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the scooter for Rs. 5800, his gain percent is: a Hy 47% CG 10% Which one of the following is not a prime number? AO 31 c 71 D. 9 A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 815 in 3 years and to Rs. 854 in 4 years. The sum is: A. Rs. 650 B. Rs. 690 CRs, 698 D. Rs. 700 5. Two ships are sailing in the sea on the two sides of a lighthouse. The angle of elevation of the top of the lighthouse is observed from the ships are 30° and 45° respectively. If the lighthouse is 100 m high, the distance between the two ships is: A. 123m B 200m Cc 273m D. 300m 6. The sum of ages of 5 children born at the intervals of 3 years each is 50 years. What is the age of the youngest child? AL 4years 8 years C10 years D. None of these 7. The H.C.F. of two numbers is 23 and the other two factors of theit L.C.M. are 13 and 14. The larger of the ‘two numbers is: 2768. If 35 + 125 = 17.88, then what will be the value of 80 + 65? A 1341 B. 20.46 Cc. 21.66 D. 22.35 9. A can do a work in 15 days and B in 20 days. If they work on it together for 4 days, then the fraction of the work that is left is = 10. A man purchased a cow for Rs. 3000 and sold it the same day for Rs. 3600, allowing the buyer a credit of 2 years. If the rate of interest be 10% per annum, then the man has a gain of: A 0% Bo 5% Cc 715% D. 10% Answer Keys Solution m/sec = mm/sec es 1 Length of the train — (Speed x Time) ¢. Length ofthe train Cost Price (C.P) = Rs. (4700 + 800) = Rs. 5500 Selling Price (SP) = Rs. 5800 Gain = (SP) - (C.P) = Rs. (5800 - 5500) = Rs. 300 Gain% ~ (2B 8) 9 5 52Y nm”3.91 is not a prime number. It is divisible by 1,7,13 and 91 4.Given that a sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 815 in 3 years and to Rs. 854 in 4 years. So, amount after 4 years = amount after 3 years + simple interest in one year Therefore, simple interest in one year =854-815-Rs. 39 So simple interest for 3 years will be =393-117 Rs. The initial sum of money amounts to be Rs. 815 in three years with simple interest. Therefore the principle is = amount - interest=815~117=698 Rs Therefore, the sum is Rs.698 . Solution(By Examveda Team) Let AB be the lighthouse and C and D be the positions of the ships. Then, AB = 100m, ACB = 30° and ADB = 45° AB ae Fe w= = AC = AB x V3=100/3m * = (10013 +100) = 100(3 +1) = 100(1.73+1) =100 x 273 = 273m 6.Let us take the ages of the five children as (x), (x+3), (+6), (x+9), (X+12) and their sum is given to be 50 That means x + x+3 + x+6 + x+9 +x+12 =50 Which gives 5x + 30= 50 Implies, x =4 Age of the youngest child is 4 7. If the HCF of the two numbers is 23, then let the two numbers be 23x and 23y. The LCM of these two numbers can be written as 23xy. Since the other two factors of LCM are 13 and 14, therefore the values of x and y are 13 and 14 respectively. So, the largest number is 23y, 23y = 23 x 14 =3228.Given, 3V5 + (125) = 17.88 => NS + V(25"5) = 17.88 => 3NS + 5V5 = 17.88 => 8V5 = 17.88 => V5 = 17.88/5 => 5 =2.235 Now, 80 + 65 = W(16"5) + 6V5 AVS + 6V5 = 10V5 = 102.235 = 22.35 tel day’ ae. A’s 1day’s work = = 1 B's 1 day’s work = a0 (A+ B)’s Iday’s work Lif 15 * 20> 60 (A + B)’s4day’s work 3600 x 100 . $.P. = Rs. ae = Rs, 3000 Gain = 0%Section-3 Intelligence and Critical Reasoning 11. Look at this series: 2, 1, (1/2), (1/4), .. What number should come next? A (13) B. (1/8) Cc. (2/8) D. (1/16) Direction: Read each definition and all four choices carefully, and find the answer that provides the best example of the given definition. 12. Applying for Seasonal Employment occurs when a person requests to be considered for a job that is dependent on a particular season or time of year. Which situation below is the best example of Applying for Seasonal Employment? The ski instructors at Top of the Peak Ski School work from December through March. Matthew prefers jobs that allow him to work outdoors. Lucinda makes an appointment with the beach resort restaurant manager to interview for the summer waitressing position that was advertised in the newspaper. Doug's ice cream shop stays open until 11 p.m. during the summer months. Direction: Each problem consists of three statements. Based on the first two statements, the third statement may be true, false, or uncertain, 13. Harold is older than Pedro Gerald is older than Harold. Pedro is older than Gerald. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is AL true B. false C. uncertain Direction: in cach question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and I. You have to consider the statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer + (A) Ifonly assumption I is implicit(B) If only assumption I is implicit (C) Ifeither I or Il is implicit (D) Ifneither I nor Il is implicit (E) If both I and If are implicit. |. Statement: "You are hereby appointed as a programmer with a probation period of one year and your performance will be reviewed at the end of the period for confirmation.” - A line in an appointment letter. Assumptions: 1 The performance of an individual generally is not known at the time of appointment offer. I. Generally an individual tries to prove his worth in the probation period. Only assumption I is implicit Only assumption II is implicit Either I or Il is implicit Neither I nor II is implicit Both I and II are implicit ‘There are 8 houses in a line and in each house only one boy lives with the conditions as given below: Jack is not the neighbour Siman. . Harry is just next to the left of Larry. . There is at least one to the left of Larry. Paul lives in one of the two houses in the middle. Mike lives in between Paul and Larry. If at least one lives to the right of Robert and Harry is not between Taud and Larry, then which one of the following statement is not correct ? Robert is not at the left end. Robert is in between Simon and Taud. ‘Taud is in between Paul and Jack. There are three persons to the right of Paul. 16. Choose the word which is different from the rest. A. Cap C. HelmetE. Hat 17. Here are some words translated from an artificial language. hapliesh means cloudburst srenchoch means pinball reshosrench means ninepin Which word could mean "cloud nine"? A. leshsrench B. — ochhapl C.— haploch D. haplresbo 18, Two bus tickets from city A to B and three tickets from city A to C cost Rs, 77 but three tickets from city A to B and two tickets from city A to C cost Rs. 73. What are the fares for cities B and C from A ? Rs. 4, Rs. 23 Rs. 13, Rs. 17 Rs. 15, Rs. 14 Rs. 17, Rs. 13, 19. A,B, C, Dand E play a game of cards. A says to B, "If you give me three cards, you will have as many as E has and if I give you three cards, you will have as many as D has." A and B together have 10 cards more than what D and E together have. If B has two cards more than what C has and the total number of cards be 133, how many cards does B have ? A 22 B. 23 c. 25 D. 35 20.1f A+B means A is the mother of B; A - B means A is the brother B; A % B means A is the father of B and AxB means A is the sister of B, which of the following shows that P is the maternal uncle of Q? A. Q-N+MxP B P+SxN-Q C P-M+NxQ D. Q-S%PLLAnywer: Option B Explanation: This is a simple division series; each number is one-half of the previous number. In other terms to say, the number is divided by 2 successively to get the next result, 42=2 22=1 12= 12 (u2y2 (1/42 = 1/8 and so on. 12, Although the ski instructors at Top of the Peak Ski Schoo! do work seasonally, choice a does not describe anyone applying for seasonal employment. In choice b, the statement that Matthew likes to work outdoors tells Us nothing about seasonal employment or someone applying for it. And although choice d describes a business with seasonal hours, it does not describe a person applying for seasonal work. Choice c, on the other hand, very specifically depicts a person, Lucinda, who is applying for a job as a summer waitress at a beach resort, which is dependent upon a particular season of the year. 13.Answer: Option B Explanation: Because the first two statements are true, Pedro is the youngest of the three, so the third statement must be false. 14.The performance of the individual has to be tested over a span of time as the statement mentions. So, | is implicit. The statement mentions that the individual's worth shall be reviewed (during probation period) before confirmation, So, I! is also implicit 45.Answer: Option C Explanation: We have totally 8 people. Jack, Harry, Larry, Paul, Mike, Siman, Robert and Taud. Main condition : Paul occupies one of the 2 midale seats 12345678: So Sth or Ath is occupied by him. So remaining 6 seats are there. ‘Now lets take Larry into consideration. It is said that Harry sits to the immediate left of Larry and also they have told that there ‘can be at least one person next fo Larry(so it means, the clue here is there is one more person to the left of Larry after Harry). So now the confusion is what are the seats occupied by the three people. Let's assume that Larry has occupied 3rd seat and so harry will take up 2nd seat and one more person will be there after Harry. This person can be Robert or Taud or Jack or Simon, To select among these options we go for trial and error method using the options A,B.C,D The first option : Robert is there at the left end. There is a possibility for this option to be true. So we eliminate it ‘The second: Robert is in between Siman and Taud. This is also possible Third: Taud is in between Paul and Jack This is not possible Explanation: If Taud is in between Paul and Jack then, RHLMPTJS-—> This is wrong because Jack and Siman cannot be together. Similarly, SHLMP TJS--->This is also wrong because as per condition "at least one person should be there to the right of Robert” So the correct answer is C. 16.All except Veil cover the head, while veil covers the face. 17.Hapl means cloud; lesh means burst; srench means pin; och means ball; and resbo means nine. Leshsrench (choice a) doesn't contain any of the words needed for cloud nine. We know that och means ball, so that rules out choices b and c. When you combine hap! (cloud) with resbo (nine), you get the correct answer48.Let Rs. x be the fare of city B from city A and Rs. y be the fare of city C from city A. Then, 2x + 3y = 77 ...(i) and 3x + 2y = 73 ...(i) Multiplying (i) by 3 and (li) by 2 and subtracting, we get: 5y = 85 or y = 17. Putting y = 17 in (i), we get: x = 13. 19.Clearly, we have : B-3=E..(i) B+3=D..(il) A#B =D +E+10 (ili) B=C+2..iv) A+tB+C+D+E=133...(v) From (i) and (i), we have : 2B =D +E ..(vi) From (ill) and (vi), we have : A= B + 10 ...(vil) Using (iv), (vi) and (vii) in (v), we get: (B + 10) + B + (B- 2) + 2B = 133 @ 5B = 125 @ C= 25. 20.P - M— Pis the brother of M M+N-— Mis the mother of N NxQ— Nis the sister of Q Therefore, P is the maternal uncle of Q.Error Recognition Test 1. Its interesting to compare the early stylized art forms of ancient civilizations to the modern abstract forms of art A. interesting B. to compare of to George Gershwin not only composed popular songs for musicals, also wrote more serious concerts. composed for also more serious Pioneers on the plains sometimes living in dugouts, sod rooms cut into hillsides. on the sometimes living cut into The average salt content of seawater is more than three percents. average content C. more than D. percents 5. The progress made in space travel for the early 1960s is remarkable. A. progress B. made C. in space D. for 6. To estimate how much it will cost to build a home, finding the total Square footage of the house and multiply by cost per square foot. A. it will cost B. to build C. finding D. by cost 7. In 1950 it was naively predicted that eight or ten computer would be sufficient to handle all of the scientific and business needs in the United States. A. In 1950 B. naively C. eight or ten computer D. to handle 8. The examination will test your ability to understand spoken English, to read non-technical language, and writing correctly. A. will test B. spoken C. writing D. Correctly 9. The first living structures to appear on earth thousands of years ago were alike viruses. A. The first B. to appear C.ago D. alike BPhOOBP>YOOB>POO10. Often when the weather is extremely hot, people have very thirsty but are not terribly hungry. A. Often B. have C. but D. terribly 11. The coal is the world's most abundant fossil fuel. A. The coal B. the world's C. fossil D. fuel 12, In 1784 Benjamin Franklin first suggested daylight savings time as a means of cutting down on consumes candles. A. first suggested B. means C. cutting D. consumes candles 13. All the students are looking forward spending their free time relaxing in the sun this summer. A. students B. are C. forward spending D. their 14, The company representative Sold to the manager a sewing machine for forty dollars. A. The company B. to the manager C. sewing D. for 15, No other quality is more important for a scientist to acquire as to observe carefilly. A. No other B. for Cas D. carefully 16. There are twenty species of wild roses iit North Americayall of which have prickly stems, pinnate leaves, and large flowers, which usually smell sweetly. D. sweetly 17, Many people don't know that horses can in fact to swim better than many other animals. A. don't B. that C. to swim D. many other 18. The growth rate of the Pacific Rim countries is five times fast as comparable areas during the Industrial Revolution. A. growth rate B. times C. comparable D. during 19, It has been suggestioned that the battleship "Missouri" be brought back to active duty, at a cost of $475 million. A. has been B. suggestionedC. brought D. active 20. Energy in a tomado is enormous by any set of standards. A. Energy B. a tornado C. any D. standards 21. While verbalization is the most common form of language in existence, humans make use of many others systems and techniques to express their thoughts and feelings. A. the most common form B. existence C. others systems D. to express 22. Smoking is the number one prevent cause of death in the United States. A. Smoking B. the C. prevent D. of death 23. If you will buy one box at the regulAt pri¢e, you would receive another one at no extra cost. Alf B. will buy C. another one D.no 24. The equipment in the office was badly in need of to be repaired, ‘A. equipment B. in the office C. was badly D. to be repaired 25. The governor has not decided how to deal with the new problems already. A. The B. has C. how to deal D. already 26. It is in the troposphere, the lowest part of the atmosphere, that wind, stormy, and other kinds of weather take place. A. the lowest part B. stormy C. other kinds D. take place 27. Insulin, itis used to treat diabetes and is secured chiefly from the pancreas of cattle and hogs. A. itis B. to treat C. is D. chiefly from 28. The people tried of defending their village, but they were finally forced to retreat A. of defending B. their C. forced D. to retreat 29. When rhinos take mud baths, the mud create a barrier to biting insects. A. When B. theC. Create D. biting 30. When Columbus seen the New World, he thought that he had reached the East Indies by way of a Wester route. A. seen B. thought C. had reached D. by way of 31. According to the theory of natural selection, the man who was able to use the hands and feet most freely to walk and grasp was the one who survived and evolved. A. the hands and feet B. freely C. to walk and grasp D. who 32. It is said that the American flag has five-pointed stars because Betsy Ross told General Washington she ‘would rather that he changing the six-pointed ones. A. It is said B.told C. she D. changing 33. The family decided to call the doctor, who very soon after the call, because the old lady took a turn for the worse. A.call B. very soon C. the call. D. the worse 34, The railroad was one of the first methods of transportation to be use extensively in early American history. A. one B. the first C. methods D. use 35. The famous aviator Charles Lindbergh Was a early supporter of rocket research. A. famous aviator Ba C. supporter D. rocket research 36. A neutrino is a subatomic particle it has no electrical charge. A. a subatomic B. it C. has D.no 37. Fireflies product light through a complex chemical reaction that takes place within their abdominal cells. A. product B. complex C. that takes D. their 38. Hummingbirds move their wings so rapid a way that they appear to be hanging in the air. A. their B. rapid a way C.to be hanging D. in the air 39. An octopus has three heart to pump blood throughout their body.A.An B. to pump C. throughout D. their 40. A new form of cocaine, crack attacks the nervous system, brain, and bodily in a sharper fashion than cocaine. A. form B. attacks . bodily D. sharper Reading Comprehension Test Questions 1 through 7 refer to the following passage: In the 16th century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king’s favor. After he was dismissed from service by the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future Emperor Charles V of Spain. A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage they sought near 50 degrees'§ latitude. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but today itis known as the Strait of Magellan. One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain,So fewer sailors were privileged to gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian now known as the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after 98 days on the Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan’s men died of starvation and disease. Later, Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a tribal battle. Only one ship and 17 sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Eleano survived to complete the westward joumey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the world is round, with no precipice at the edge. 1, The 16th century was an age of great exploration. A.cosmic Bland Camental D.common man E.None of the above 2. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political A.entanglement B.discussion C.negotiation D,problem E.None of the above 3. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to their location on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees west of Greenwich that extends in a directionA.north and south B.crosswise C.casterly D.south east E.north and west 4, One of Magellan’s ships explored the of South America for a passage across the continent. A.coastline B.mountain range C physical features D.islands E.None of the above 5. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southem A.coast B.inland C.body of land with water on three sides D.border E.Answer not available 6. The passage was found near 50 degrees SOF A.Greenwich B.The equator CSpain D.Portugal EMadrid 7. In the spring of 1521, the ships crossed the now called the International Date Line. A.imaginary circle passing through the poles B imaginary line parallel to the equator C.area Diland mass E.Answer not available The following passage refers to questions 8 through 14. Maric Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband, Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie*s amicable collaboration later helped to unlock the secrets of the atom. Marie was bom in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physies. At an early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled, however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French university, where she earned her master’s degree and doctorate in physi Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered radium, Pierre was killed by a horse- drawn wagon in 1906, Marie was stunned by this horrible misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distres Curie’s feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium. Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world,8. The Curies? collaboration helped to unlock the secrets of the atom. Afiendly B.competitive C.courteous: D.industrious E.chemistry 9, Marie had a bright mind and a personality. A.strong B.lighthearted C.humorous D.strange E.envious 10. When she learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt A-hopeless B.annoyed C.depressed D.worried E\None of the above 11. Marie by leaving Poland and traveling to France to'enter the Sorbonne. Acchallenged authority B showed intelligence C.behaved D.was distressed E.Answer not available 12 she remembered their joy together. A.Dejectedly B.Worried C-Tearfully D.Happily Elrefully 13. Her began to fade when she retumed to the Sorbontie to succeed her husband, A.misfortune Banger C.wretchedness D.disappointment E.ambition 14, Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curie was never A.troubled B.worried C.disappointed D.sorrowful E.disturbed The following passage refers to questions 15 through 19. Mount Vesuvius, a volcano located between the ancient Italian cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum, has received much attention because of its frequent and destructive eruptions. The most famous of these eruptions occurred in A.D. 79. The volcano had been inactive for centuries. There was little warning of the coming eruption, although one account unearthed by archaeologists says that a hard rain and a strong wind had disturbed the celestial calm during the preceding night. Early the next morning, the volcano poured a huge river of molten rock down upon Herculaneum, completely burying the city and filling the harbor with coagulated lava,Meanwhile, on the other side of the mountain, cinders, stone and ash rained down on Pompeii. Sparks from the burning ash ignited the combustible rooftops quickly. Large portions of the city were destroyed in the conflagration. Fire, however, was not the only cause of destruction. Poisonous sulfuric gases saturated the air. These heavy gases were not buoyant in the atmosphere and therefore sank toward the earth and suffocated people. Over the years, excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum have revealed a great deal about the behavior of the voleano. By analyzing data, much as a zoologist dissects an animal specimen, scientists have concluded that the eruption changed large portions of the area’s geography. For instance, it turned the Sarno River from its course and raised the level of the beach along the Bay of Naples. Meteorologists studying these events have also concluded that Vesuvius caused a huge tidal wave that affected the world’s climate. In addition to making these investigations, archaeologists have been able to study the skeletons of victims by using distilled water to wash away the volcanic ash. By strengthening the brittle bones with acrylic paint, scientists have been able to examine the skeletons and draw conclusions about the diet and habits of the residents. Finally, the excavations at both Pompeii and Herculaneum have yielded many examples of classical art, such as jewelry made of bronze, which is an alloy of copper and tin. The eruption of Mount Vesuvius and its tragic consequences have provided everyone with a wealth of data about the effects that volcanoes can have on the surrounding area. Today, voleanologists can locate and predict eruptions, saving lives and preventing the destruction of other cities and cultures. 15, Herculaneum and its harbor were buiried under lava AJliquid B.solid C.flowing D.gas E.Answer not available 16. The poisonous gases were not in the air. A.able to float Buisible Cable to evaporate D.invisible Eaable to condense 17. Scientists analyzed data about Vestivius in the same way that a zoologist a specimen. A describes in detail B.studies by cutting apart C.photographs D.chart E.Answer not available 18 have concluded that the volcanic eruption caused a tidal wave. A Scientists who study oceans B.Scientists who study atmospheric conditions. C.Scientists who study ash D.Scientists who study animal behavior E.Answer not available in article 19. Scientists have used water to wash away volcanic ash from the skeletons of victims. A.bottled B.volcanic C.purified Dasea E.fountain The following passage refers to questions 20-24,Conflict had existed between Spain and England since the 1570s. England wanted a share of the wealth that Spain had been taking from the lands it had claimed in the Americas. Elizabeth I, Queen of England, encouraged her staunch admiral of the navy, Sir Francis Drake, to raid Spanish ships and towns. Though these raids were on a small scale, Drake achieved dramatic success, adding gold and silver to England’s treasury and diminishing Spain’s supremacy. ferences also caused conflict between the two countries. Whereas Spain was Roman Catholic, most of England had become Protestant. King Philip II of Spain wanted to claim the throne and make England a Catholic country again. To satisfy his ambition and also to retaliate against Englands theft of his gold and silver, King Philip began to build his fleet of warships, the Spanish Armada, in January 1586. Philip intended his fleet to be indestructible. In addition to building new warships, he marshaled 130 sailing vessels of all types and recruited more than 19,000 robust soldiers and 8,000 sailors. Although some of his ships lacked guns and others lacked ammunition, Philip was convinced that his Armada could withstand any battle with England. The martial Armada set sail from Lisbon, Portugal, on May 9, 1588, but bad weather forced it back to port. The voyage resumed on July 22 after the weather became more stable. The Spanish fleet met the smaller, faster, and more maneuverable English ships in battle off the coast of Plymouth, England, first on July 31 and again on August 2. The two battles left Spain vulnerable, having lost several ships and with its ammunition depleted. On August 7, while the Armada lay at anchor on the French side of the Strait of Dover, England sent eight burning ships into the midst of the Spanish fleet to set it on fire. Blocked on one side, the Spanish ships could only drift away, their crews in panic and disorder. Before the Armada could regroup, the English attacked again on August 8 Although the Spaniards made a valiant effort to fight back, the fleet suffeted extensive damage. During the eight hours of battle, the Armada drifted perilously close to the rocky coastline. At the moment when it seemed that the Spanish ships would be driven onto the English shore, the wind shifted, and the Armada drifted out into the North Sea. The Spaniards recognized the superiority of the English fleet and returned home, defeated. 20, Sir Francis Drake added wealth to the treasury and diminished Spain’s A.unlimited power Buunrestricted growth Caertitory Datreaties E.Answer not available in article 21. King Philip recruited many soldiers and sailors. Awwarlike B.strong C.accomplished D.timid E.inexperienced 22. The Armada set sail on May 9, 1588. A.complete Bawarlike C.independent D.isolated E.Answer not available 23. The two battles left the Spanish fleet ‘A.open to change B.triumphant C.open to attack Ddefeated E.discouraged 24. The Armada was. ‘on one side. A.closed off B.damagedCalone Decireled E.Answer not available in this article The following passage refers to questions 25-29, The victory of the small Greek democracy of Athens over the mighty Persian Empire in 490 B.C. is one of the most famous events in history. Darius, king of the Persian Empire, was furious because Athens had interceded for the other Greek city-states in revolt against Persian domination. In anger the king sent an enormous army to defeat Athens. He thought it would take drastic steps to pacify the rebellious part of the empire. Persia was ruled by one man. In Athens, however, all citizens helped to rule. Ennobled by this participation, Athenians were prepared to die for their city-state. Perhaps this was the secret of the remarkable victory at Marathon, which freed them from Persian rule. On their way to Marathon, the Persians tried to fool some Greek city-states by claiming to have come in peace. The frightened citizens of Delos refused to believe this. Not wanting to abet the conquest of Greece, they fled from their city and did not retum until the Persians had left They were wise, for the Persians next conquered the city of Eritrea and captured its people. Tiny Athens stood alone against Persia. The Athenian people went to their sanctuaries. There they prayed for deliverance. They asked their gods to expedite their victory. The Athenians refurbished their weapons and moved to the plain of Marathon, where their little band would meetthe Persians. At the last moment, soldiers from Plataea reinforced the Athenian troops. The Athenian army attacked, and Greek citizens fought bravely. The power of the mighty Persians was offset by the love that the Athenians had for their city. Athenians defeated the Persians in both archery and hand combat. Greek soldiers seized Persian ships and burned them, and the Persians fled in terror. Herodotus, a famous historian, reports that 6,400 Persians died, compared to only 192 Athenians. 25. Athens had the other Greek city-states against the Persians. A.refuused help (0 B intervened on behalf of C.wanted to fight D.given orders for all to fight E.defeated 26. Dariuis took drastic steps to the rebellious Athenians. A.weaken Badestroy C.calm D. irritate E.Answer not available 27. Their participation to the Athenians. A.gave comfort B.gave honor C.gave strength D.gave fear E.gave hope 28. The people of Delos did not want to the conquest of Greece. A.end B.encourage C.think about D.daydream about E.Answer not available 29. The Athenians were by some soldiers who arrived from Plataea. A.welcomed B strengthened CiheldD.captured E.Answer not available The following passage refers to questions 30-32. The Trojan War is one of the most famous wars in history. It is well known for the 10-year duration, for the heroism of a number of legendary characters, and for the Trojan horse. What may not be familiar, however, is the story of how the war began. According to Greek myth, the strife between the Trojans and the Greeks started at the wedding of Peleus, King of Thessaly, and Thetis, a sea nymph. All of the gods and goddesses had been invited to the wedding celebration in Troy except Eris, goddess of discord. She had been omitted from the guest list because her presence always embroiled mortals and immortals alike in conflict. To take revenge on those who had slighted her, Eris decided to cause a skirmish. Into the middle of the banquet hall, she threw a golden apple marked “for the most beautiful.” All of the goddesses began to haggle over who should possess it. The gods and goddesses reached a stalemate when the choice was narrowed to Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite. Someone was needed to settle the controversy by picking a winner. The job eventually fell to Paris, son of King Priam of Troy, who was said to be.a.good judge of beauty. Paris did not have an easy job. Each goddess, eager to win the golden apple, tried aggressively to bribe him. “T'll grant you vast kingdoms to rule,” promised Hera. “Vast kingdoms are nothing in comparison with my gift,” contradicted Athena. “Choose'me anid I'll see that you win victory and fame in war.” Aphrodite outdid her adversaries, however. She won the golden apple by offering Helen, daughter of Zeus and the most beautiful mortal in the land, to Paris, Paris, anxious to claim Helen, set off for Sparta in Greece. Although Paris learned that Helen was married, he nevertheless accepted the hospitality of her husband, King Menelaus of Sparta. Therefore, Menelaus was outraged for a number of reasons when Paris departed, taking Helen and much of the king’s wealth back to Troy. Menelaus collected his loyal forces and set sail for Troy to begin the war to reclaim Helen. 30. Eris was known for both mortals and immortals. A.scheming against B.creating conflict amongst C.feeling hostile toward D.ignoring E.comforting 31. Each goddess tried to bribe Paris. Aboldly Beeffectively C.secretly Dacarefully E.Answer not available 32. Athena Hera, promising Paris victory and fame in war. A disregarded the statement of Badefeated C.agreed with D.restated the statement of E.questioned the statement of Refer to the following passage for questions 33-37. One of the most intriguing stories of the Russian Revolution concerns the identity of Anastasia, the youngest daughter of Czar Nicholas Il. During his reign over Russia, the czar had planned to revoke many of the harsh laws established by previous czars. Some workers and peasants, however, clamored for more rapid social reform. In 1918, a group of these people known as Bolsheviks overthrew the government. On July 17 or 18, they murdered the czar and what was thought to be his entire family.Although witnesses vouched that all the members of the ezar’s family had been executed, there were rumors suggesting that Anastasia had survived. Over the years, a number of women claimed to be Grand Duchess Anastasia. Pethaps the most famous claimant was Anastasia Tschaikovsky, who was also known as Anna Anderson. In 1920, 18 months after the czar’s execution, this terrified young woman was rescued from drowning in a Berlin river. She spent two years in a hospital, where she attempted to reclaim her health and shattered mind. The doctors and nurses thought that she resembled Anastasia and questioned her about her background. She disclaimed any connection with the czar’s family. Eight years later, however, she claimed that she was Anastasia. She said that she had been rescued by two Russian soldiers after the czar and the rest of her family had been killed. Two brothers named Tschaikovsky had carried her into Romania. She had married one of the brothers, who had taken her to Berlin and left her there, penniless and without a vocation. Unable to invoke the aid of her mother’s family in Germany, she had tried to drown herself. During the next few years, scores of the czar’s relatives, ex-servants, and acquaintances interviewed her. Many of these people said that her looks and mannerisms were evocative of the Anastasia that they had known, Her grandmother and other relatives denied that she was the real Anastasia, however. Tired of being accused of fraud, Anastasia immigrated to the United States in 1928 and took the name Anna Anderson. She still wished to prove that she was Anastasia, though, and returned to Germany in 1933 to bring suit against her mother’s family. There she déclaimed to the court, asserting that she was indeed Anastasia and deserved her inheritance. In 1957, the court decided that it could neither confirm nor deny Anastasia’s identity. Although it will probably never be known whether this wontan was the Grand Duchess Anastasia, her search to establish her identity has been the subject of numerous books, plays, and movies. 33. Some Russian peasants and workers for social reform. Allonged B.cried out C.begged D.hoped E.thought much 34. Witnesses that all members of the czar’s family had been executed. A.gave assurance B.thought C.hoped D.convinced some E.Answer not available 35. Tschaikovsky initially any connection with the czar’s family. Adenied B stopped C.noted D.justified E.Answer not available 36, She was unable to the aid of her relatives. A locate B.speak about C.call upon D.identify p.know 37. In court she ‘maintaining that she was Anastasia and deserved her inheritance. finally appeared B spoke forcefully C.gave testimony D.gave evidence E.Answer not availableRefer to the following passage for questions 38-39. King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette ruled France from 1774 to 1789, a time when the country was fighting bankruptcy. The royal couple did not let France’s insecure financial situation limit their immoderate spending, however. Even though the minister of finance repeatedly warned the king and queen against wasting money, they continued to spend great fortunes on their personal pleasure, This lavish spending greatly enraged the people of France. They felt that the royal couple bought its luxurious lifestyle at the poor people’s expense. Marie Antoinette, the beautiful but exceedingly impractical queen, seemed uncaring about her subjects’ misery. While French citizens begged for lower taxes, the queen embellished her palace with extravagant works of art. She also surrounded herself with artists, writers, and musicians, who encouraged the queen to spend money even more profusely. While the queen’s favorites glutted themselves on huge feasts at the royal table, many people in France were starving. The French government taxed the citizens outrageously. These high taxes paid for the entertainments the queen and her court so enjoyed. When the minister of finance tried to stop these royal spendthrifis, the queen replaced him. The intense hatred that the people felt for Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette kept building until it led to the French Revolution. During this time of struggle and violence (1789-1799), thousands of aristocrats, as well as the king and queen themselves; lost their lives at the guillotine. Perhaps if Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had reined in their extravagant spending, the events that rocked France would not have occurred. 38. The people surrounding the queen encouraged her to spend money A.wisely, B.abundantly C.carefully D.foolishly E joyfully 39, The minister of finance tried to curb these royal Acaristocrats| B.money wasters C.enemies D.individuals E.spenders Refer to the following passage for questions 40-45. Many great inventions are initially greeted with ridicule and disbelief. The invention of the airplane was no exception, Although many people who heard about the first powered flight on December 17, 1903 were excited and impressed, others reacted with peals of laughter. The idea of flying an aircraft was repulsive to some people. Such people called Wilbur and Orville Wright, the inventors of the first flying machine, impulsive fool Negative reactions, however, did not stop the Wrights. Impelled by their desire to succeed, they continued their experiments in aviation. Orville and Wilbur Wright had always had a compelling interest in aeronautics and mechanics. As young boys they earned money by making and selling kites and mechanical toys. Later, they designed a newspaper-folding machine, built a printing press, and operated a bicycle-repair shop. In 1896, when they read about the death of Otto Lilienthal, the brothers’ interest in flight grew into a compulsion Lilienthal, a pioneer in hang-gliding, had controlled his gliders by shifting his body in the desired direction. This idea was repellent to the Wright brothers, however, and they searched for more efficient methods to control the balance of airborne vehicles. In 1900 and 1901, the Wrights tested numerous gliders and developed control techniques. The brothers’ inability to obtain enough lift power for the gliders almost led them to abandon their efforts. After further study, the Wright brothers concluded that the published tables of air pressure on curved surfaces must be wrong. They set up a wind tunnel and began a series of experiments with model wings. Because of theirefforts, the old tables were repealed in time and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. This work, in tum, made it possible for the brothers to design a machine that would fly. In 1903 the Wrights built their first airplane, which cost less than $1,000. They even designed and built their own source of propulsion-a lightweight gasoline engine. When they started the engine on December 17, the airplane pulsated wildly before taking off. The plane managed to stay aloft for 12 seconds, however, and it flew 120 feet. By 1905, the Wrights had perfected the first airplane that could turn, circle, and remain airborne for half an hour ata time. Others had flown in balloons and hang gliders, but the Wright brothers were the first to build a full size machine that could fly under its own power. As the contributors of one of the most outstanding engineering achievements in history, the Wright brothers are accurately called the fathers of aviation. 40. The idea of flying an aircraft was to some people. A.boring Badistasteful Ceexciting Dancedless E.Answer not available 41. People thought that the Wright brothers had A.acted without thinking B.been negatively influenced C.been too cautious D.been mistaken E.acted in a negative way 42. The Wrights’ interest in flight grew into a é A financial empire Boplan C.need to act D. foolish thought E.Answer not available 43. Lilienthal’s idea about controlling airborne vehicles was the Wrights A-proven wrong by B.opposite to the ideas of Cadisliked by D.accepted by E.improved by 44, The old tables were and replaced by the first reliable figures for air pressure on curved surfaces. A.destroyed B invalidated C.multiplied D.approved E.not used 45. The Wrights designed and built their own source of A force for moving forward B.force for turning around C.turning D.force for going backward E\None of the aboveAnswers & Explanations 1B “Terrestrial” means land. No choice here offers a synonym for “marine,” e.g. nautical/naval/water/seagoing, and no other choices match either marine or terrestrial. 2A “Quagmire” means literally a bog or marsh, and figuratively an involved situation difficult to escape; entanglement is a synonym, more specifically similar than the other choices. 3A Longitudes are imaginary geographical lines running north and south. Latitudes run east and west. The other choices do not equal either latitude or longitude in direction. 4c Topography means the physical features of a land mass. It does not mean coastline (A), mountain range (B), or islands (D). 5c ‘A peninsula is a piece of land connected to the mainland by an isthmiis.and projecting into the ocean such that it is surrounded on three sides by water. A/pefinsula is not a coast (A); itis not found inland (B); and itis not a border ©). 6B The passage was found near 50 degrees § latitude. Latitudes are measured horizontally, in relation to the equator or central imaginary line, equidistant between the North and South Poles. Longitudes are measured vertically. Greenwich (A), the location of zero degrees longitude, adopted as the global standard, is both incorrect and never named in the passage. Spain (C), Portugal (D), and Madrid (E) in Spain are also incorrect. 1A Meridians are imaginary geographical circles intersecting the poles. Imaginary lines parallel to the equator (B) are latitudes. The International Date Line isa specifie meridian, not an area (C). itis not a land mass (D) as it crosses both water and land. BA “Amicable” means friendly. It does not mean competitive (B), i.e. oppositional, ambitious, or aggressive; courteous (©), ie. polite: industrious (D), ie. hard-working: or chemistry (E): their collaboration was in physics, but moreover, the passage specifically describes their collaboration as “amicable.” 9.B “Blithe” means light-hearted. It does not mean strong (A), humorous (B) or funny; strange (D), or envious (E). 10.B “Disgruntled” means annoyed. It does not mean hopeless (A), depressed (C), or worried (D). ILA Marie challenged authority by going to study at the Sorbonne, because Warsaw’s university did not admit women, The passage indicates this challenge by describing her “defiantly” leaving Poland for France; ie., she was defying authority. The passage does not indicate she showed intelligence (B), “behaved” (C), or was distressed (D) or upset by her move. 1A A synonym for “despondently” is “dejectedly.” meaning sadly, with despair or depression, The passage indicates this by describing Curie’s emotional state as one of “heartbreaking anguish” over her husband’s sudden accidental death.She is not described in this passage as worried (B) by her memories, or recalling them tearfully (C), happily (D), or irefully (B), ic. angrily. 13.C ‘The closest synonym for the “feeling of desolation” (despair) described in the passage is wretchedness. Misfortune (A) or ill fate/luck is not as close. Anger (B) is a separate emotion from desolation. Disappointment (D) is also different from desolation, meaning feeling let-down rather than hopeless. Ambition (B) is drive to succeed or things. It was not Curie’s ambition that faded upon returning to the Sorbonne but her depression, “Disillusioned” means disappointed. It does not mean troubled (A), ie. concemed or disturbed; worried (B) or anxious; sorrowful (D) or sad; or disturbed (E). 15.B “Coagulated” means solidified. Liquid (A) is an opposite of solid. Flowing (C) assumes a liquid, not solid, state. Gas (D) is another opposite of solid. (Three states of matter, like volcanic material, are liquid, solid, and gaseous.) 16.4 “Buoyant” means able to float. The passage indicates this by indieating that the gases therefore, sank toward earth and suffocated people. Buoyant does not mean visible (B) or possible to see. Able to float/buoyant does not mean able to evaporate (C). Evaporation méans turning to vapor, which only liquids can do. Gases are already vapors. Buoyant does not mean invisible (D) or unseen. Able to float does not mean able to condense (B), i.e. turn from vapor to liquid 17.B “Dissect” means to cut apart for study. It does not mean to describe in detail (A), to photograph (C), or to chart (D) a specimen. 18.B Meteorologists are scientists who study atmospheric conditions, particularly weather. Scientists who study oceans (A) are oceanographers, i.e. marine scientists. Scientists who study ash (C) do not exist as members of a separate discipline. Climate scientists and many others concerned with its effeets study volcanic ash. Scientists who study animal behavior (D) are ethologists or animal-behaviorists and donot study ash. 19. Distilled water is purified water. Distilled water is not equivalent to bottled (A), volcanic (B), sea (D), or fountain (E) water, 20.A “Supremacy” means unlimited power, not unrestricted growth (B). The passage states that Drake diminished Spain’s, supremacy, but does not specifically mention diminishing its territory (C). Drake’s raids enriched England and reduced Spain’s power; no mention is made of eliminating any treaties (D). 21.B “Robust” means strong. It does not mean warlike (A), accomplished (C) or competent, timid (D) or fearful, or inexperienced (E). 22.B “Martial” means warlike or war-related. It does not mean complete (A), independent (C), or isolated (D). a31G “Vulnerable” means open to attack or susceptible to harm. It does not mean open to change (A) or receptive, triumphant (B) or victorious, defeated (D) or beaten-they were vulnerable to attack first and then consequently were defeated-or discouraged (E), ie. disheartened or dispirited.24.4 The passage indicates the Armada was “blocked” on one side, i.e. closed off rather than damaged (B) (it was damaged extensively, not on one side); alone (C) or cireled (D), i. surrounded, neither of which can be done on only one side. 25.B “Interceded for” means intervened on behalf of, not refused help to (A), wanted to fight (C), given orders for all to fight (D), or defeated (F). 26.€ “Pacify” means to calm or make peaceful. It does not mean to make weaker (A), to destroy (B), or to irritate (D), annoy or provoke. 27.B “Ennobled” means gave honor to or made noble. It does not mean gave comfort (A) or solace, gave strength (C), i. fortified or reinforced, gave fear (D) or frightened, or gave hope (E) or encouraged. 28.B To “abet” means to enable, support, or eficouirage, usually in crime or doing something wrong. It does not mean to end (A), think about (C), or daydream about (D) something. 29.B “Reinforced” means strengthened, not welcomed (A), held (C), or captured (D). 30.B The passage states that the presence of Bris, goddess of discord, “always embroiled mortals and immortals alike in conflict.” Embroiling them in conflict is ereating conflict amongst them. It dyes not mean scheming against (A) them, feeling hostile toward (C) them, ignoring (D) them, or comforting (E) them, 3LA “Aggressively” means boldly. It does not mean effectively (B) or Suceéssfully, secretly (C), or carefully (D). 32.4, “Contradicted” means Athena disregarded Hera’s statement and disputed or countered it. It does not mean she defeated (B) her statement, agreed with (C) it, restated (D) it, or questioned (E) it. 33.B ‘To “clamor for” means to ery out for (something). It does not mean to long for (A) it, beg (C) for it, hope (D) for it, or think much (E) “for,” of, or about it 34.4 To “vouch” means to give assurance. It does not mean to think (B), hope (C), or convince some (D). 35.4 “Disclaimed” means denied, i.e. refused or declared untrue. It does not mean stopped (B), noted (C), or justified (D), i.e, substantiated or confirmed, the opposite of denied. 36.C She was unable to invoke, ie. to call upon, the aid of relatives. To invoke does not mean to locate (A) or find; to speak about (B) or discuss; to identify (D), i.e. recognize; or to know (E). 37.B“Declaimed” means spoke forcefully. It does not mean finally appeared (A). Though she did also give testimony (C) in court, “declaimed” does not mean to testify; it describes the way she spoke while doing so. “Declaimed” also does not mean she gave evidence (D).. 38.B “Profuscly” means abundantly, copiously, or excessively. It does not mean wisely (A) or earefully (B), which are both opposite in meaning to the excessive connotation of profuse spending. Foolishly (D) can be associated with spending profusely, but does not have the same meaning. Profusely does not mean joyfully (E), i.e. gleefully or happily. 39.B ““Spendthrifts” means money wasters. It does not mean aristocrats (A), ie, nobles or privileged people. It does not mean enemies (C) or adversaries. It does not mean individuals (D) or persons. “Spenders” (BE) denotes people who spend, but does not convey the sense of wasteful spending or squandering in the same way that “spendtbrifis” does. 40. B “Repulsive” means distasteful. It does not mean boring (A), exeiting (C), or needless (D). ALA “Impulsive” means acting on impulse, i€. acting without thinking, Pedple thinking the Wrights “impulsive fools” does not mean they thought the Wrights had been negatively influenced (B), too cautious (C), mistaken (D), or had acted in a negative way (E). 42. A “compulsion” is a need or an urge to act. It is not a financial empire (A), a plan (B), or a foolish thought (D). 43.C “Repellent” means offensive or hateful; in other words, Lilienthal’s idea was disliked by the Wrights. It does not mean his idea was opposite to the idea of (B) the Wrights. It means the opposite of its being accepted by (D) the Wrights. They found his idea unpleasant rather than improving (E) on it. 4B “Repealed” means invalidated, ic. disproven or overturned. It does not mean destroyed (A); multiplied (C), i increased/approved (D), an antonym; or unused (E). 45.4, “Propulsion” is force for propelling or moving forward. It does not mean force for turning around (B), turning (C) (oscillation perhaps), or force for going backward (D) (like repulsion).Data Interpretation Test Directions (QI — Q5): Study the information given below and answer the following questions: Mr X has built a mansion with 10 rooms. He was confused about the colours he should use while painting each room. He had the following choice of colours: blue, hazy grey, jumping yellow, teal, violet latte, Terry Cherry and happy pink. It was also known that he could paint more than 1 room with a single colour. Finally, he set up an algorithm to decide the colours that he would be using. Ifhe painted any room teal, then he did not paint any other room happy pink. If he painted any room blue, then he did not paint any other room jumping yellow. Ifhe painted any room blue, then he painted at least one room happy pink. Ifhe painted any room jumping yellow, then he painted at least one room violet latte. Ifhe painted any room violet latie, then he painted at least one room happy pink. Ihe painted any room happy pink, then he painted at least rooms happy pink. 1, Which one of the following could be a complete list of the number of rooms and colours that Mr X used to paint some of the rooms of his house? ‘Aone blue, one Terry cherry, one violet latte, two happy pink Boone blue, one teal, one Terry cherry, three happy pink C.two blue, one teal, three Terry Cherry Done jacket, one Terry cherry, two violet latte and one happy pink Answer: (A) one blue, one Terry cherry, one violet latte, two happy pink Solution: Option 2 is a violation of condition 1 Option 3 is violation of condition 3. Option 4 is violation of condition 6. 2. If Mr. X did not paint any room happy pink, what was the maximum number of the different types of colours that he could paint ? A.two B.three C.four: D.five Answer: (B) three Solution: Since he did not paint any happy pink => he won’t be painting any room blue (condition 3) and he also won't paint any room violet latte (condition 5) => he won’t paint any room jumping yellow (condition 4). So, he can’t paint 4 types of colours out of 7 => he can paint 3 different types of colours. 3. Which one of the following statements must be false? A.Mr. X painted exactly four rooms with colours, one of which was a hat. B.Mr. X painted exactly three rooms with colours, one of which was a happy pink. C-Mr. X painted exactly four rooms with colours, one of which was a blue. D.None of these Answer: (D) None of these Solution: If Mr. X paints a violet latte => he must paint happy pink that too 2 rooms (condition 5 and 6). If Mr. X paints happy pink => he will paint 2 rooms with it (condition 6) and he can paint 1 violet latte. If Mr. X paints a room blue => he cannot paint jumping yellow (condition 2) , he painted happy pink that too two of them (condition 3 and 6).He also could have painted a room hazy grey, terry cherry or violet latte as these two have got no constraints on them. 4, If Mr. X painted as many different types of colours as possible, then it must be true that he did not paint one of the following types of colours. A.blue B.hazy grey C.teal D,jumping yellow Answer: (C) Solution: From the solution of the 2nd question, he should paint happy pink if he has to paint the maximum colours possible => he cannot paint teal ( condition 1). Q5. If Mr. X painted at least one room, find out which one of the following are the minimum and the maximum numbers of the types of colours that he could paint ? ALA BAS C16 D2,5 ‘Answer: (2) 1.5 Solution: He can paint hazy grey and then he will paint the minimum number of colours 1 as there are no constraints on him for painting hazy grey. Ifhe paints happy pink, he cannot paint teal and he can paint any one of jumping yellow or blue (condition 1 and 2). =>maximum number of colours that he ean paint = 5 Directions (Q6 ~ Q8): The two pie charts below show the percentage market share on value basis of the ‘companies A to D and others in a sectorial market for 2021 and 2022. Other 5% 8 20% FIGURE 1: YEAR 2021 FIGURE 2: YEAR 2022 Market size 2021 150 crore Market size 2022375 crore 6. Which company had the minimum growth in sales in these two years?D. Other Answer: (A) 7. Ifeach company increases its sales value by 10%, then what is the percentage growth of the detergent market? A.10% B.20% €.30% D&% Answer: (1) 10% Solution: It will be equal to that of the whole market = 10% 8, If the total sales of the market is doubled for 1999 and 2000; what would be the ratio of sales of D for 2000 to 1997 AQ: B34 CIS D.10:3 Answer: (D) 10:3 Solution: ‘The ratio will not change because ifthe total sales are doubled, the sales of D will also double for both the years Hence the ratio will be 75:22.5=10:3, Logical Reasoning Test Type 1 1, Tanya is older than Brie. Cliffs older than Tanya. Eric is older than Cliff If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true B. false C. uncertain Answer: Option B Explanation:Because the first two statements are true, Eric is the youngest of the three, so the third statement must be false. 2, Blueberries cost more than strawberries. Blueberries cost less than raspberries. Raspberries cost more than both strawberries and blueberries, If the first two statements are true, the third statement is true B. false uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: Because the first two statements are true, raspberries are the most expensive of the three. 3. All the trees in the park are flowering trees. Some of the trees in the park are dogwoods. All dogwoods in the park are flowering trees. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is true B. false uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: All of the trees in the park are flowering trees, So all dogwoods in the park are flowering trees. 4, Mara runs faster than Gail. Lily runs faster than Mara Gail runs faster than Lily. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false uncertain Answer: Option BExplanation: We know from the first two statements that Lily runs fastest. Therefore, the third statement must be false. 5. Apartments in the Riverdale Manor cost less than apartments in The Gaslight Commons. Apartments in the Livingston Gate cost more than apartments in the The Gaslight Commons. Of the three apartment buildings, the Livingston Gate costs the most. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true B. false uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: Since the Gaslight Commons costs more than the Riverdale Manor and the Livingston Gate costs more than the Gaslight Commons, itis true that the Livingston Gate costs the most. 6, The Kingston Mall has more stores than the Galleria. ‘The Four Corners Mall has fewer stores than the Galleria. ‘The Kingston Mall has more stores than the Four Comers Mall. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: From the first po statements, you know that the Kingston Mall has the most stores, so the Kingston Mall would have more stores than the Four Corners Mall. 7. All the tulips in Zoe's garden are white. All the pansies in Zoe's garden are yellow. All the flowers in Zoe's garden are either white or yellow If the first two statements are true, the third statement isC. uncertain Answer: Option C Explanation: The first two statements give information about Zoe's tulips and pansies. Information about any other kinds of flowers cannot be determined. During the past year, Josh saw more movies than Stephen. Stephen saw fewer movies than Darren Darren saw more movies than Josh. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is AL true B. false uncertain Answer: Option C Explanation: Because the first two sentences are true, both Josh and Darren saw more movies than Stephen. However, it is uncertain as to whether Darren saw more movies than Josh. Rover weighs less than Fido. Rover weighs more than Boomer. Of the three dogs, Boomer weighs the least. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false C. uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: According to the first two statements, Fido weighs the most and Boomer weighs the least. 10. All the offices on the 9th floor have wall-to-wall carpeting. No wall-to-wall carpeting is pink. ‘None of the offices on the 9th floor has pink wall-to-wall carpeting. If the first two statements are true, the third statement istrue false uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: If no wall-to-wall carpeting is pink and all the offices have wall-to-wall carpeting, none of the offices has pink wall-to-wall carpeting. 11. Class A has a higher enrollment than Class B. Class C has a lower enrollment than Class B. Class A has a lower enrollment than Class C. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false uncertain Answer: Option B Explanation: From the first two statements, we know that of the three classes, Class A has the highest enrollment, so the third statement must be false, Type2 12. A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons. There are more lemons in the basket than there are oranges. ‘The basket contains more apples than oranges. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false uncertainAnswer: Option A Explanation: ‘There are fewer oranges than either apples or lemons, so the statement is true. Easy method: (Try this method to solve without any confusion) 1. A fiuit basket contains more apples than lemons = App > Lem 2. There are more lemons in the basket than there are oranges = Lem > Org Now, Combine the above two results: App > Lem> Org, 3. The basket contains more apples than oranges (App > ... > Org) = Yes. Therefore, the given 3rd statement is true. 13. The Shop and Save Grocery is south of Greenwood Pharmacy. Rebecca's house is northeast of Greenwood Pharmacy. Rebecca's house is west of the Shop and Save Grocery. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false C. uncertain Answer: Option B Explanation: Because the first two statements are true, Rebecca's house is also northeast of the Shop and Save Grocery, which means that the third statement is false. 14, Joe is younger than Kathy. Mark was bom after Joe. Kathy is older than Mark. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is true B. false uncertain, Answer: Option A Explanation:Joe is younger than Kathy and older than Mark, so Mark must be younger than Kathy, 15, On the day the Barton triplets are born, Jenna weighs more than Jason. Jason weighs less than Jasmine. Of the three babies, Jasmine weighs the most. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false uncertain Answer: Option C Explanation: We only know that Jasmine weighs more than Jason. There is no way to tell whether Jasmine also weighs more than Jenna. 16. The temperature on Monday was lower than on Tuesday. The temperature on Wednesday was lower than on Tuesday. The temperature on Monday was higher than on Wednesday If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. tue false uncertain Answer: Option C Explanation: We know from the first two statements that Tuesday had the highest temperature, but we cannot know whether Monday's temperature was higher than Tuesday's 17. Oat cereal has more fiber than com cereal but less fiber than bran cereal. Com cereal has more fiber than rice cereal but less fiber than wheat cereal Of the three kinds of cereal, rice cereal has the least amount of fiber. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true falseC. uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: From the first statement, we know that bran cereal has more fiber than both oat cereal and corn cereal. From the second statement, we know that rice cereal has less fiber than both corn and wheat cereals. Therefore, rice cereal has the least amount of fiber. 18. Martina is sitting in the desk behind Jerome. Jerome is sitting in the desk behind Bryant. Bryant is sitting in the desk behind Martina. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is true B. false C. uncertain Answer: Option B Explanation: Given the information in the first two statements, Bryant is sitting in front of both Jerome and Martina, so the third statement must be false. 19. Battery X lasts longer than Battery Y. Battery Y doesn't last as long as Battery Z. Battery Z lasts longer than Battery X. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false uncertain Answer: Option C Explanation: The first two statements indicate that Battery Y lasts the least amount of time, but it cannot be determined if Battery Z lasts longer than Battery X. 20. Spot is bigger than King and smaller than Sugar. Ralph is smaller than Sugar and bigger than SpotKing is bigger than Ralph. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true B. false C. uncertain Answer: Option B Explanation: Spot is bigger than King, and Ralph is bigger than Spot, Therefore, King must be smaller than Ralph. 21. Middletown is north of Centerville. Centerville is east of Penfield. Penfield is northwest of Middletown. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is Answer: Option B Explanation: Because the first two statements are true, Penfield is west of Centerville and southwest of Middletown. Therefore, the third statement is false. 22. All spotted Gangles have long tails. Short-haired Gangles always have short tails. Long-tailed Gangles never have short hair. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is. A. true B. false C. uncertain Answer: Option C Explanation: We know only that long-tailed Gangles have spots. We cannot know for certain if long-tailed Gangles also have short hair. Type 3 23. All Lamels are Signots with buttons. No yellow Signots have buttons.No Lamels are yellow. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true B. false C. uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: We know that there are Signots with buttons, or Lamels, and that there are yellow Signots, which have no buttons, Therefore, Lamels do not have buttons and cannot be yellow. 24. The hotel is two blocks cast of the drugstore. The market is one block west of the hotel ‘The drugstore is west of the market. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true B. false C. uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation: ‘The market is one block west of the hotel. The drugstore is two blocks west of the hotel, so the drugstore is west of the market. 25. A toothpick is useful. Useful things are valuable. A toothpick is valuable. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true B. false C. uncertain Answer: Option A Explanation:To the extent that a toothpick is useful, it has value. 26. Tom puts on his socks before he puts on his shoes. He puts on his shirt before he puts on his jacket. ‘Tom puts on his shoes before he puts on his shirt If the first two statements are true, the third statement is true B. false uncertain Answer: Option C Explanation: There is not enough information to verify the third statement. 27. Three pencils cost the same as two erasers. Four erasers cost the same as one ruler. Pencils are more expensive than rulers. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is true B. false uncertain Answer: Option B Explanation: Rulers are the most expensive item. 28. Taking the train across town is quicker than taking the bus. Taking the bus across town is slower than driving a car. ‘Taking the train across town is quicker than driving a car. If the first two statements are true, the third statement is A. true false uncertain Answer: Option C