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Historical Evolution of English Schleburg

Specimens of Old English


How to Deal with Gout (Medicina de quadrupedibus)
Wið liþadle genim cwicenne fox and seoð, þæt þa ban ane beon læfed. Astige
against limb-illness take living fox and boil that the bones alone be left; (he) descend
DAT SG IMP SG ACC SG M ACC SG IMP SG NOM PL NOM PL 3 PL SBJ PRS NOM PL N 3 SG SBJ PRS
þærin gelomlice and in oþer bæð. Do he swa swiðe oft; wundorlice hit hæleþ,
therein frequently and in other bath; do he so very often; wonderfully it heals;
ACC SG N ACC SG 3 SG SBJ PRS 3 SG M NOM 3 SG N NOM 3 SG IND PRS
and æghwylce geare þisne fultum he him sceal gegearwian. And ele do þærto,
and each year this benefit he him(self) shall prepare; and oil do (he) thereto
DAT SG N DAT SG ACC SG M ACC SG 3 SG M NOM 3 SG M DAT 3 SG IND PRS INF ACC SG 3 SG SBJ PRS
ðonne he hine seoðe, and his þyssum gemete to þearfe bruce.
when he him boil and him (in) this manner to (his) need use.
3 SG M NOM 3 SG M ACC 3 SG SBJ PRS 3 SG M GEN! DAT SG N DAT SG DAT SG 3 SG SBJ PRS

The Warrior’s Code (six alliterative lines from Beowulf )


“Ne sorga, ˈsnotor ˈguma; ˈselre bið ˈæghwæm
not worry wise man; better is (for) everyone
IMP SG NOM SG M NOM SG NOM SG N 3 SG IND PRS DAT SG
þæt he his ˈfreond ˈwrece, þonne he ˈfela ˈmurne.
that he his friend avenge than he much mourn.
3 SG M NOM 3 SG M GEN ACC SG 3 SG SBJ PRS 3 SG M NOM 3 SG SBJ PRS
Ure ˈæghwylc ˈsceal ˈende geˈbidan
(of) us each shall end await
1 PL GEN NOM SG 3 SG IND PRS ACC SG INF
ˈworolde ˈlifes; ˈwyrce se þe ˈmote
(of) world’s life; acquire he that can
GEN SG GEN SG 3 SG SBJ PRS NOM SG M 3 SG SBJ PRS
ˈdomes ær ˈdeaþe; þæt bið ˈdrihtˌguman
fame before death; that is (for) man
GEN! SG DAT SG NOM SG N 3 SG IND PRS DAT SG
ˈunˌlifˌgendum ˈæfter ˈselest.”
not living afterwards best.
DAT SG M NOM SG N

One of King Alfred’s Laws


Gif hund mon toslite oððe abite, æt forman misdæde geselle ·vi· scilling,
if dog man maul or bite (to death), at first misdeed (he) give 6 shilling;
NOM SG ACC SG 3 SG SBJ PRS 3 SG SBJ PRS DAT SG F DAT SG 3 SG SBJ PRS ACC SG!

gif he him mete selle, æt æfteran cerre ·xii· scilling, æt ðriddan ·xxx· scilling.
if he him food give, at second time 12 shilling, at third 30 shilling.
3 SG M NOM 3 SG M DAT ACC SG 3 SG SBJ PRS DAT SG M DAT SG ACC SG! DAT SG M ACC SG!

What the Anglo-Saxons Knew About the World (Marvels of the East)
On sumon lande beoð men acende, þa beoð on lenge syx fotmæla. Hi habbað
in one land are people born who are in length six foot-measures; they have
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beardas oþ cneow side and feax oð helan. Homodubii hy syndon hatene, þæt beoð
beards till knees long and hair till heels; “homodubii” they are called, that are
ACC PL ACC PL ACC PL M ACC SG ACC PL 3 PL NOM 3 PL IND PRS NOM PL M NOM SG N 3 PL IND PRS
twimen, and be hreawum fixum hy lifiað and þa etaþ.
“doubt-people”, and from raw fish they live and those eat.
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