The INSERT INTO statement is used to insert new records in a table.

INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2, column3, ...)

VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

INSERT INTO table_name

VALUES (value1, value2, value3, ...);

The UPDATE statement is used to modify the existing records in a table.

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, ...
WHERE condition;

The DELETE statement is used to delete existing records in a table.

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

The SELECT statement is used to select data from a database.

SELECT column1, column2, ...

FROM table_name;

SELECT * FROM table_name;

The MIN() function returns the smallest value of the selected column.

The MAX() function returns the largest value of the selected column.

SELECT MIN(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

The COUNT() function returns the number of rows that matches a specified
criterion.
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

The AVG() function returns the average value of a numeric column.

SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

The SUM() function returns the total sum of a numeric column.

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

The CREATE TABLE statement is used to create a new table in a database.

CREATE TABLE table_name (

column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
....
);

The DROP TABLE statement is used to drop an existing table in a database.

DROP TABLE table_name;

The ALTER TABLE statement is used to add, delete, or modify columns in an

existing table.

The ALTER TABLE statement is also used to add and drop various constraints on
an existing table.

ALTER TABLE table_name

ADD column_name datatype;

A stored procedure is a prepared SQL code that you can save, so the code can
be reused over and over again.
CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name
AS
sql_statement
GO;

EXEC procedure_name;

An assertion statement should ensure a certain condition will always exist in

the database.

CREATE ASSERTION [ assertion_name ]

CHECK ( [ condition ] );

A trigger is a database object that is associated with the table, it will be

activated when a defined action is executed for the table.

CREATE TRIGGER [trigger_name]

[before | after]

{insert | update | delete}

on [table_name]

[for each row]

[trigger_body]