Harriso

n
Bergero
BEFORE READING
n  T asks Ss some warm-up questions to introduce the story. (whole-class)


by Kurt
Everyone has different abilities, talents, and traits. Think of one trait of yours that is above average.
Now imagine you couldn’t show or use that trait. How would your life be different?


Vonneg
This story shows what it might be like if everyone were forced to be equal in every way. Complete
the word web with words that come to mind when you think of the word equality.

ut

equality

BACKGROUND INFO

 Kurt Vonnegut Jr. (died 2007, aged 84) was an American writer who used
fantasy and dark humor to write stories that comment on modern society.
Themes in his work include the loss of individuality, equality, government
control and the alienating effects of technology.
 "Harrison Bergeron" is a satirical dystopian science-fiction short story that was published in 1961.
The story was adapted to film in 2009 and it is considered an accurate representation of the
dystopian world that Vonnegut created.

T shows Ss the trailer of the film

‘2081’ to raise interest and help T elicits from Ss /
Ss get a general idea of the story. reminds Ss the concepts
https://www.youtube.com/watch? of satire & dystopia.
v=nL9zg7-rzPc
 HARRISON BERGERON by Kurt Vonnegut

 T plays the audio version while Ss read the text

Describe the state of
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GQLhcrmzfsc
the U.S. society as described
in the first paragraph.
THE YEAR WAS 2081, and everybody was finally equal. How has “equality” been
They weren't only equal before God and the law. They achieved?
were equal every which way. Nobody was smarter than Everyone is 'equal' on all levels
which is due to the  over
anybody else. Nobody was better looking than anybody exaggerated number of
else. Nobody was stronger or quicker than anybody else. amendments that have been
All this equality was due to the 211th, 212th, and 213th added over time.
Amendments to the Constitution, and to the unceasing
vigilance of agents of the United States Handicapper
General.

Some things about living still weren't quite right, though. April for instance, still drove people crazy
by not being springtime. And it was in that clammy month that the H-G men took George and Hazel
Bergeron's fourteen-year-old son, Harrison, away.

It was tragic, all right, but George and Hazel couldn't think about it very hard. Hazel had a perfectly
average intelligence, which meant she couldn't think about anything except in short bursts. And
George, while his intelligence was way above normal, had a little mental handicap radio in his ear.
He was required by law to wear it at all times. It was tuned to a government transmitter. Every
twenty seconds or so, the transmitter would send out some sharp noise to keep people like George
from taking unfair advantage of their brains.

George and Hazel were watching television. There were tears on Hazel's cheeks, but she'd forgotten
for the moment what they were about.

On the television screen were ballerinas.

A buzzer sounded in George's head. His thoughts fled in panic, like bandits from a burglar alarm.

"That was a real pretty dance, that dance they just did," said Hazel.

"Huh" said George.

"That dance-it was nice," said Hazel.

"Yup," said George. He tried to think a little about the ballerinas. They weren't really very good-no
better than anybody else would have been, anyway. They were burdened with sashweights and
bags of birdshot, and their faces were masked, so that no one, seeing a free and graceful gesture or
a pretty face, would feel like something the cat drug in. George was toying with the vague notion
that maybe dancers shouldn't be handicapped. But he didn't get very far with it before another
noise in his ear radio scattered his thoughts.

George winced. So did two out of the eight ballerinas.

Hazel saw him wince. Having no mental handicap herself, she had to ask George what the latest
sound had been.

"Sounded like somebody hitting a milk bottle with a ball peen hammer," said George.

"I'd think it would be real interesting, hearing all the different sounds," said Hazel a little envious.
"All the things they think up."

"Um," said George.

"Only, if I was Handicapper General, you know what I would do?" said Hazel. Hazel, as a matter of
fact, bore a strong resemblance to the Handicapper General, a woman named Diana Moon
Glampers. "If I was Diana Moon Glampers," said Hazel, "I'd have chimes on Sunday-just chimes. Kind
of in honor of religion."

"I could think, if it was just chimes," said George.

"Well-maybe make 'em real loud," said Hazel. "I think I'd make a good Handicapper General."

"Good as anybody else," said George.

"Who knows better than I do what normal is?" said Hazel.

"Right," said George. He began to think glimmeringly about his abnormal son who was now in jail,
about Harrison, but a twenty-one-gun salute in his head stopped that.

"Boy!" said Hazel, "that was a doozy, wasn't it?"

It was such a doozy that George was white and trembling, and tears stood on the rims of his red
eyes. Two of of the eight ballerinas had collapsed to the studio floor, were holding their temples.

"All of a sudden you look so tired," said Hazel. "Why Use the chart below to take notes about
don't you stretch out on the sofa, so's you can rest George’s and Hazel’s personalities.
your handicap bag on the pillows, honeybunch." She
George Hazel
was referring to the forty-seven pounds of birdshot in a
canvas bag, which was padlocked around George's neck.
"Go on and rest the bag for a little while," she said. "I don't
care if you're not equal to me for a while."

George weighed the bag with his hands. "I don't mind it," he said. "I
don't notice it any more. It's just a part of me."

"You been so tired lately-kind of wore out," said Hazel. "If there was
just some way we could make a little hole in the bottom of the bag,
and just take out a few of them lead balls. Just a few."
"Two years in prison and two thousand dollars fine for every ball I
took out," said George. "I don't call that a bargain."

"If you could just take a few out when you came home from work,"
said Hazel. "I mean-you don't compete with anybody around here.
You just sit around."

"If I tried to get away with it," said George, "then other people'd get away with it-and pretty soon
we'd be right back to the dark ages again, with everybody competing against everybody else. You
wouldn't like that, would you?"

"I'd hate it," said Hazel.

"There you are," said George. The minute people start cheating on laws, what do you think happens
to society?"

If Hazel hadn't been able to come up with an answer to this question, George couldn't have
supplied one. A siren was going off in his head.

"Reckon it'd fall all apart," said Hazel.

"What would?" said George blankly.

"Society," said Hazel uncertainly. "Wasn't that what you just said?

"Who knows?" said George.

The television program was suddenly interrupted for a news bulletin. It wasn't clear at first as to
what the bulletin was about, since the announcer, like all announcers, had a serious speech
impediment. For about half a minute, and in a state of high excitement, the announcer tried to say,
"Ladies and Gentlemen."

He finally gave up, handed the bulletin to a ballerina to read.

"That's all right-" Hazel said of the announcer, "he tried. That's the big thing. He tried to do the best
he could with what God gave him. He should get a nice raise for trying so hard."

"Ladies and Gentlemen," said the ballerina, reading the bulletin. She must have been extraordinarily
beautiful, because the mask she wore was hideous. And it was easy to see that she was the
strongest and most graceful of all the dancers, for her handicap bags were as big as those worn by
two-hundred pound men.

And she had to apologize at once for her voice, which was a very unfair voice for a woman to use.
Her voice was a warm, luminous, timeless melody. "Excuse me-" she said, and she began again,
making her voice absolutely uncompetitive.

"Harrison Bergeron, age fourteen," she said in a grackle squawk, "has just escaped from jail, where
he was held on suspicion of plotting to overthrow the government. He is a genius and an athlete, is
under-handicapped, and should be regarded as extremely dangerous."
A police photograph of Harrison Bergeron was flashed on the screen-upside down, then sideways,
upside down again, then right side up. The picture showed the full length of Harrison against a
background calibrated in feet and inches. He was exactly seven feet tall.

The rest of Harrison's appearance was Halloween and hardware. Nobody had ever born heavier
handicaps. He had outgrown hindrances faster than the H-G men could think them up. Instead of a
little ear radio for a mental handicap, he wore a tremendous pair of earphones, and spectacles with
thick wavy lenses. The spectacles were intended to make him not only half blind, but to give him
whanging headaches besides.

Scrap metal was hung all over him. Ordinarily, there was a certain symmetry, a military neatness to
the handicaps issued to strong people, but Harrison looked like a walking junkyard. In the race of
life, Harrison carried three hundred pounds.

And to offset his good looks, the H-G men required that he wear at all
times a red rubber ball for a nose, keep his eyebrows shaved Why is Harrison
off, and
cover his even white teeth with black caps at snaggle- considered a
tooth random. threat to society?
He is physically
and intellectually
"If you see this boy," said the ballerina, "do not - I repeat, superior to others
do not - try to reason with him." and threatens
their sense of
There was the shriek of a door being torn from its hinges. equality.

Screams and barking cries of consternation came from the

television set. The photograph of Harrison Bergeron on the screen jumped again and again, as
though dancing to the tune of an earthquake.

George Bergeron correctly identified the earthquake, and well he might have - for many was the
time his own home had danced to the same crashing tune. "My God-" said George, "that must be
Harrison!"

The realization was blasted from his mind instantly by the sound of an automobile collision in his
head.

When George could open his eyes again, the photograph of Harrison was gone. A living, breathing
Harrison filled the screen.

Clanking, clownish, and huge, Harrison stood - in the center of the studio. The knob of the uprooted
studio door was still in his hand. Ballerinas, technicians, musicians, and announcers cowered on
their knees before him, expecting to die.

"I am the Emperor!" cried Harrison. "Do you hear? I am the Emperor! Everybody must do what I say
at once!" He stamped his foot and the studio shook.

"Even as I stand here" he bellowed, "crippled, hobbled, sickened - I am a greater ruler than any man
who ever lived! Now watch me become what I can become!"
Harrison tore the straps of his handicap harness like wet tissue paper, tore straps guaranteed to
support five thousand pounds.

Harrison's scrap-iron handicaps crashed to the floor. What is the shedding of

Harrison’s handicaps
Harrison thrust his thumbs under the bar of the padlock symbolic of?
Ridding himself of the
that secured his head harness. The bar snapped like government's power over
celery. Harrison smashed his headphones and spectacles him
against the wall.

He flung away his rubber-ball nose, revealed a man that

would have awed Thor, the god of thunder.

"I shall now select my Empress!" he said, looking down on the cowering people. "Let the first
woman who dares rise to her feet claim her mate and her throne!"

A moment passed, and then a ballerina arose, swaying like a willow.

Harrison plucked the mental handicap from her ear, snapped off her physical handicaps with
marvelous delicacy. Last of all he removed her mask.

She was blindingly beautiful.

"Now-" said Harrison, taking her hand, "shall we show the people the meaning of the word dance?
Music!" he commanded.

The musicians scrambled back into their chairs, and Harrison stripped them of their handicaps, too.
"Play your best," he told them, "and I'll make you barons and dukes and earls."

The music began. It was normal at first-cheap, silly, false. But Harrison snatched two musicians from
their chairs, waved them like batons as he sang the music as he wanted it played. He slammed them
back into their chairs.

The music began again and was much improved.

Harrison and his Empress merely listened to the music for a while-listened gravely, as though
synchronizing their heartbeats with it.

They shifted their weights to their toes.

Harrison placed his big hands on the girls tiny waist, letting her sense the weightlessness that would
soon be hers. What is the
significance
And then, in an explosion of joy and grace, into the air they of the dance
sprang! that Harrison
performs with
the ballerina?
Not only were the laws of the land abandoned, but the law of To represent the way the world
gravity and the laws of motion as well. would be like if they were
allowed to express themselves
and show the world their
beauty, intelligence, and any
other physical attributes.
They reeled, whirled, swiveled, flounced, capered, gamboled,
and spun.

They leaped like deer on the moon.

The studio ceiling was thirty feet high, but each leap brought the dancers nearer to it.

It became their obvious intention to kiss the ceiling. They kissed it.

And then, neutraling gravity with love and pure will, they remained suspended in air inches below
the ceiling, and they kissed each other for a long, long time.

It was then that Diana Moon Glampers, the Handicapper What does Harrison Bergeron’s
death symbolize?
General, came into the studio with a double-barreled ten-
Harrison,  symbol of
gauge shotgun. She fired twice, and the Emperor and the defiance, is killed in cold
Empress were dead before they hit the floor. blood by Diana Moon
Glampers, the administrator of
government power. The quick,
Diana Moon Glampers loaded the gun again. She aimed it at
efficient murder suggests that
the musicians and told them they had ten seconds to get if a defiant spirit still exists in
their handicaps back on. America in 2081, its days are
numbered.
It was then that the Bergerons' television tube burned out.

Hazel turned to comment about the blackout to George. But George had gone out into the kitchen
for a can of beer.

George came back in with the beer, paused while a handicap signal shook him up. And then he sat
down again. "You been crying" he said to Hazel.

"Yup," she said.

"What about?" he said.

"I forget," she said. "Something real sad on television."

"What was it?" he said.

"It's all kind of mixed up in my mind," said Hazel.

"Forget sad things," said George.

What is the
"I always do," said Hazel. meaning of the
last words of
the Bergerons,
"That's my girl," said George. He winced. There was the sound of a “that one was a
rivetting gun in his head. doozy”?
There is no
hope for
"Gee - I could tell that one was a doozy," said Hazel. society, and it
is deliberately
"You can say that again," said George. depressing.
"Gee-" said Hazel, "I could tell that one was a doozy."
AFTER READING

OVERALL ANALYSIS

 What themes can you identify in the story?

The central theme is  equality; as Harrison is shown as a symbol for individuality, the tone shifts
expressing the dysfunctional government, and how the short story is an allusion of a perfect
society.
Other prominent themes include  government control and the power of the media. The
futuristic society is based on total equality, and the government abuses its power by forcing the
stronger and smarter civilians to wear handicaps

 What does Harrison Bergeron symbolize?

Harrison represents  the spark of defiance and individuality  that still exists in some Americans. He
has none of the cowardice and passivity that characterize nearly everyone else in the story. Rather,
he is an exaggerated alpha male, a towering, brave, breathtakingly strong man who hungers for
power.

 What is the role of the media in the story?

Television is an immensely powerful force that sedates, rules, and terrorizes the characters   in
“Harrison Bergeron.” To emphasize television's overwhelming importance in society, Vonnegut makes
it a constant presence in his story: the entire narrative takes place as George and Hazel sit in front of
the TV.

 What is the message of the story?

Vonnegut suggests that  total equality is not an ideal worth striving for, as many people
believe, but a mistaken goal that is dangerous in both execution and outcome. To achieve
physical and mental equality among all Americans, the government in Vonnegut's story tortures
its citizens.

 What makes ‘Harrison Bergeron’ a satire?

The author uses satire to describe the deficiency in our idea of a truly “equal” society .
Vonnegut is satirizing  people who believe that equal rights and equal abilities are the same
thing. He ridicules people who think that being smarter or more talented will make less talented
people feel inferior.
 Extra resource for T and Ss to discuss the questions below
https://edsitement.neh.gov/student-activities/harrison-bergeron-kurt-vonnegut-jr

  DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

The Society
 Describe Vonnegut’s America. Are there positive aspects of this society? What is lacking?
 Why do you think the government adopted its practices of making everyone equal in brains,
beauty, and brawn?
 Is it a good thing for people to believe that no one is better than anyone else? Would it be a
good thing if, in fact, no person were better than any other person?

Harrison Bergeron, the character

 What do you admire about Harrison? Are there aspects of his behavior that concern you?
 Do we have any idea of what sort of ruler he might have been and toward what end he
would have ruled? Would he be better or worse than the Handicapper General and her
agents?
The Story

 With whom do you think Vonnegut sympathizes in the story? Does he present Harrison as a
hero, or is the story heroless? Why?
 What is being satirized in this story? Why do you think Vonnegut wrote it?

Connect Personally with the Story

 What handicaps does society impose on people today? Are all talented people encouraged
to develop their talents? If so, how? If not, why not?
 How does the story relate to today’s society and with you as an individual?

Vonnegut’s story is a cautionary tale about the importance of freedom, individuality and human
excellence. This story relates to today's society in that both are alike in that individuals want to
break free from societies constraints of social norms. Just like in Harrison Bergeron,
television and/ social media in today's society has become the fastest way to receive information
on what is going in the world.
 Words to Remember

A. Circle the word in each group that is a synonym for the boldfaced words.

1. vigilance carelessness watchfulness chaos

2. wince flinch rejoice enlarge

3. consternation consolation delight astonishment

4. luminous indistinct radiant complex

5. synchronizing varying protesting matching

6. cower frighten cringe determine

7. calibrated measured withstood insisted

8. symmetry balance instability confidence

9. vague specific common unclear

10. hindrance comfort obstacle privilege

B. Match the meaning of each phrase in the first column with the phrase that is
closest in meaning in the second column.

____E___ 1. blurry picture A. unceasing vigilance

___A____ 2. unending alertness B. cower and hide

____D___ 3. yelps of confused amazement C. apparent hindrance

___C____ 4. obvious obstacle D. cries of consternation

____B___ 5. cringe and conceal E. vague image

Final notes:
After reading and analyzing the story, the T can show the Ss the adaptation to film of the short story
(28 mins)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU3myZ3H6u0&t=587s