Name: Darma Sastra Gama

Class: Xii Mipa 6

Language Features

(Contrastive Conjunctions)
Contrastive conjunctions are conjunctions (connecting words) that connect two things that are
contradictory or different. Contrastive conjunctions (sometimes known as adversative
conjunctions or contrast conjunctions) are coordinating conjunctions used to express
comparisons or contrasts. An adversative conjunction expresses opposition or contrast between
two statements. A contrastive conjunction links two ideas that are considered to be different. The
contrastive conjunctions that we use are transitional conjunctions. Transitional conjunctions are
used between independent sentences or clauses to join them. They are however, but,
nevertheless, still, whereas, and yet. These conjunctions are used to emphasize the fact that the
second point contradicts with the first. Conjunctions such as even if and unless are used to
connect contrasting ideas introducing a dependent clause.

Examples of contrastive conjunctions that we should know:

1. Even if

Even if also functions as subordinating conjunctions. 'Even if' is used when something is rarely
done or just imagined (an imaginary or unreal situation).

Patterns: Even if + clause, main clause./Main clause + even if + clause.

Examples:
 Even if you’ll go with your best friend, your parents wouldn’t allow you.
 Indri and Rara will still make a mess even if you’ll punish them.

2. Unless
Unless means if not or except if We use it in conditional sentences instead of if not. unless make
a verb negative. Unless is also used to show somebody that there is only one possible option.
 Patterns: unless+ Clause, main Clause./Main Clause + unless + clause.

Examples:

 Unless you study, you will fail the exam .

 I will miss you unless you are here.
 Diane will be so happy unless you make me cry.

3. However
However is used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something
that has been said previously. The most common way of using 'however' is to mean 'but`.

Note: Remember, 'however' also means ‘in whatever way’.

Pattern: sentence 1. However, sentence 2.

Examples:
 English debate is challenging, however not so many students can do it well.
 Tanboykun eats a lot of Samyang. However, he still feel starving.

4. On The Other Hand

We use 'on the other hand' to introduce the second of two contrasting points, facts, or ways of
looking at something. We use 'on the one hand on the other hand" when we are comparing two
different facts or two opposite ways of thinking about a situation.

Patterns:
- Sentence 1. On the other hand, sentence 2.
-Sentence 1, on the other hand, sentence 2.
-On the one hand, sentence 1. On the other hand, sentence 2.
Examples:
 I like playing football. On the other hand, my brother likes playing basketball
 My friends go to Europe in this summer holiday, on the other hand,I can’t.
 On the one hand, i like my assistant. On the other hand, i dont trust him
 5. In Contrast
We can use 'in contrast to' to contrast two noun phrases. 'By contrast' is less common than 'in
contrast. We can use it alone or followed by 'with', but not by 'to'.

Patterns:
-Sentence 1. In contrast, sentence 2.
- Clause, in contrast + with + noun phrase.
- In contrast +to a noun, sentence.
Examples :
 This child is short and fat. In contrast, her sister is tall and thin
 My sister likes spicy food, in contrast with me who prefers sweet food.
 today's sales profit increased, in contrast with the yesterday's sales.
 in contrast to his brother, he is very humble.

6. Nevertheless
Nevertheless' is bit more formal and emphatic than however We use 'nevertheless to say
something that contrasts with what has just been said.

Patterns:

- Sentence 1. Nevertheless, sentence 2.

-Sentence 1, nevertheless, Clause.

-Clause 1, Clause 2 + Nevertheless.

Examples:

 They have submited the proposals to several multinational companies. Nevertheless, still
no answer about the proposals

 Our preparation is not that ripe, nevertheless, we still receive appreciation.

 My sister is very fierce, but sometimes she is very kind to me nevertheless.