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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views20 pages

    Tiles Handbook

    Uploaded by

    Rashida Majeed

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 20
    WHITE HORSE CERAMIC TILE HANDBOOK Te are Um eR Uae) eae ri) prs ene eg) on parr N INTRODUCTION OUR CARE AND CONCERN TYPES OF TILES CHARACTERISTICS OF TILES IPS ON CHOOSING THE RIGHT TILES DESIGN & INSTALLATION ‘COMMON DEFECTS AND ITS CAUSES DEBONDING / ADHESION FAILURE ‘CRACKING OF TILES ‘COMMON GROUT DEFFECTS ‘CARE & MAINTENANCE TILE STANDARDS RESPONSIBILITY CERAMIC WORLD AN INTRODUCTION As 0 leading fie manufacturer in Malaysia, White Horse Ceramic Industties Sdn Bhd produces high quailty tiles encompassing a full range of products for evary comer of your beautiful home. These Include fll concep! wall and floor ties, porcelain and glazed porcelain tiles, high end multretfect granite Hes, os well as borders and accessories, Tile usage has gained popularity through the years. At present. tiles form part of @ trendy fashion for interior design in homes. To benefit our valued Customers who have chosen White Horse files for their renovation and Gecoration projects os well cs potentia! customers. we have producedt this Je Handbook". Therefore, if you have decided to Join other astute homeowners in using White Hore fies, we 1ecommend that you read this handbook coretully before proceeding with your renovation or decoration project. With the right fies; your home will never ge out of style, wie Howe MEADORCE ABREGUOANG, JOHOR OUR CARE AND CONCERN = In view of the foet that Ceramic Tes ere manufactured using naturcl minerols and fred ot temperatures exceeding 100°C, it inevitoble that the shade. sie exiue, effect, appearance, cesgn. Colour and other tectures of the thes may wary slightly trom batch te Bate ‘end even within the same batch Gubject fo: tolerance) Unfodunately, this hos offen been misur otects” by end-users due fo jack ot knowiedga ties onal thelr usage, thereby causing much cliteds the enc-users after the tes have been lak ie thet oF premises, ‘As c responsible ceramic file, manutoc! honoured fo be able to share some valuable information with our valued customers through the publication St thi hancibook, It focusses on the various asects of CAfSraS: ties such os choracterstics of the tics tins for choosing the appropriate thes por }o purchase, types Of cheeks to: be mode betore laying the ties metfods of Saying Me: cate ond maintenance of the tes, This hondbook is our form of appreciation and heated: thanks te ou valued customers fof hele continuoum support ox 19 them our 2one..G concer, With, 2 hope to OChieval ‘urobjective of asising our volied Customers mole inet most informed deckions when selecting on for thelr homes or premises. TYPES OF TILES Ceramic tiles ore recommended os the best choice for decorating your house simply because they are Hygienic & mite-feo m Available in wide range of colours. sites and finhes Easy to maintain and clean a ‘More durable end lost longer m Versotilo my ‘Affordable m CATEGOR' GLATED WALLTILES GLAZED FLOOR TILES DECORATIVE Wall tes with o Similor to glazed wat PORSeAN Ines layer of clear or ties, but mere Ato inown as coloured glaze, hardwearing to freqoinedilesore — Mufétfect Grant suitable for interior withstand higherand fed in excess of Ties, the potters ond Use ond is not mote constont TOC, resuitngin texture on these thes expected to Impact, pressure. and — strong end durable Fridbglcibechadt ool? wiinstand excessive wear Also-avallabie floor les which ore the.cppecronce of inpact. ley various clesigns suitable forboth interior ncal stone such os temperature or and subsizes t6ran —andexteioruse. They Fone. mafole ane trying conditions, esthetic yet ‘Fe availabe in inmeen omel eisee Avalableinverous functional effect olshed varients for fasatant fo stains, esthetic Gesigns Righ-shine and glazed. hence they are more cond subsizes for forlurrinosty and ‘durable than natural decoration and harducencyaswellas stones. They ore functionality, matt ond rough awalloble os both floor surface for sip ‘and wat ties and ore resistance and for sulable for both indoor ecerative purposes. and outdoor use Ceramic tiles go through firing ine kin and theretere a certain level of shrinkage & expected ‘ausing the dimensions of the ties to diffor Sightly: from one to another. The shrinkage lavel wil vary according to the types of files Gnd the production batches. SHADE / TONALITY The chemical characteristics of the natural raw materials used and the firing process will produce ties with @ sight variation in. shade; both withing batch and between batches. this 's an innerent charactarstic of ceramic ties, SUP RESISTANCE The parometer Used for sip resistance 's called the Coefficient of Friction (COP, The higher the COF, the bette the “slip resistance “of the _ tiles Ungiared tiles, mosaic ties (with many grout joints) Gnd rough surfaced thes te less sippery when compared with smooth and glossy glazed files, Therefore, these ties are more lip resistant and are recommended fo be Used In indusinal, kitehan, bathroom floors and swimming pool ares. ‘SURFACE ABRASION RESISTANCE TNs charactenstic shows the resbtonce of giare to wear coused by intentional of unintentional movement of surfaces or materials in contoct with the tiles. Porcelain tiles ore more surface abrasion resistant ‘and have higher durability, WATER ABSORPTION Ties wth low water abserption usually ‘ave higher "mechanical. strength. Firing otie at high temperatures makes it less porous and less water absorbent. MECHANICAL STRENGTH Mechanical strength (MOR) is an Indication of the compactness of the ceramic tle and the maximum stress it con withstand without breaking. The greater the MOR the denser the structure of the body. Hence, the mechanical strengtn of the various types of ceramic tikes provide you with a good guide in Selecting the night the that will ft your purpose, STAIN AND CHEMICAL RESISTANCE Tias that ore stain resistant are hygienic and easly cleaned. Glazed cotornic ties resist stoins becouse of thelr glazed surface. Porcelain ties re made stain resision! because of thelr compociness or low water absorption characteristics. RESIDENTIAL SETTING + LIVING & DINING: Non-slip files cre recommended especially If you have small children ond elderly persons ‘of home, Altematively, you can consider smaller tes with more grout Ines that would be less sippery. Low maintenance tiles an the ining 100m floor wil make for easy cleaning. + KITCHEN You have to choose low maintenance ties with higher chemical and slip resistance as they only require regular cleaning with household detergents. Counter tops could ‘be filed for hot pots to sit on. Work tops and food preparation areas should be protected with high mechanical strength tikes for easy maintenance, * BATHROOM ‘Choose non-slip tiles with lew water Gbsorption properties and high chemical resstance to bath foams soap, shampoo. chemical cleaners ond disinfectants to ensure low maintenance, Use tiles for ‘creative colour combinations on wass and floor to give you the best visual relaxation + BEDROOM You should use les with pleasant colour combinations that help create a ‘comfortable and relaxing envionment. tt will ‘elox YOU and e688 your mind from a long. hard working day: + CAR PORCH & DRIVEWAY Not only should non-slip, high mechanical strength tiles be considered. smaller-sized tiles with more grout lines may provide ‘auditionol sip resistance ond con be ‘another option. + POOL & GARDEN ‘Your garden can be improved with easy maintenance tiles, Tiles with low water ‘absorption and high sip resistance are suitable for the pool orea, + COMMERCIAL & PUBLIC AREAS Tiles for commercial and public areas should be durable, non-slip. easy fo maintain and look clean. (COMMON DESIGNS Different colour of the same size. shope and finishing. Different sized or shaped tiles with the same. e9lour and finishing, Different surtace textures with the same color Mural design using mosaic tes, PLANNING You should study ond determine the ‘envionment of the area in which the thes ore to be installed and the technical characteristics of the tiles required, AND DESIC DETERMINE + Any special treatment needed for the that needs to be tiled such as water proofing. spacial bedding ar leveling of the bose, + Width of joints ond type of grout needed. ORGANIZE & CHECK + The shaightness of fleors ond wos. ‘The files for the different subsize and shades The sequence of the whole tilng job. LAYING OUT Drylay the tiles first to minimize the number of cut tles and to ensure that the shades ore harmonious. © Mork ne working lines using the wall oso guice. + Apply the adhesives according to the monutocturer's instructions + Carefully lay the ties section by leveling each with its neighbour + Loy the border tiles, leave a grout line between the border ties ond the wal COMMON DEF After the tes have been fold on your floors ond. wals - you may find some common defects, We will expiain these common defects ond thelr couses. so that both the home/bullding owner and the contact Can pay special attention te these toctors EFFLORESCENCE This 8 whilisn discolouration of a formation of a whitish crust on the ties, Caused by soluble sats when moisture evaporates. This happens when soluble salts and molshute are present in the sand oF cement in each constuction layer, When the molsture evoporates, the Gissolved salts will surface, resulting in efflorescence. Although this it. commen problem, be minimized # Coserve Interval Cure Time RC =6 weeks Brick / Block Wall = 4 weeks ; Cement-Sand Render & Screed = 2-3 woaks of ® Provide shelter against weathering ® Bulding Desgn = Eliminate penetiation of water Info the back of the installation eg Domp Proofing, Capping of Parapet Walls etc "Use Lctex Modified Adhesive & Grou Systom, - Le meabie to water fle i fully bedded & grout compocted. 1 powble ue water impervious Epoxide Resin-Based grout = Reduce Water to Moclty Cement-Sand Mortar with Latex Admiure - Less permeable to water & contain loss nCass water ® Blrrinate Solis Salt / Impurities in Sand. Use \Wosh Sand. Never use sec or channel sand. "Use clean water for mixing of mortars. Do ol Use excessive water dung claaning, ION FAILURE Tha initial syrnptoms of debonaing are the development of sporadic hollow sections and the appearance of continuous crock lines Octoss te finines, Then you will soe te protuging. bucking of vaulting of some tiles, finally resulting in the total separation of tie kom the floor or wall surfoce. This is usuclly coused by SETTING MOVEMENT (DRVING SHRINKAGE / HYDRAULIC SHRINKAGE) Tiling onta substrates (ag. Render / Screec) that has not fuly cured (unstable). © ABSENCE OF MOVEMENT JOINTS (CONTROL JOINT TO CATER FOR “Setting Movement = Thermal Maverent + Moisture Movernont = BUTT-JOINTING OF TIES ‘= INCORRECT FIXING SPECIFICATION Foang Systern Not Compatibie with Ties / Stone Saabs and / or Substrate Poor / Weak / Unstable / Unsuitable Substiate © WORKMANSHIP (Good Site Proctices) ‘Abuse of Products (Adulteration / Dilution) Poor Substrate Preparation / Contaminated Surface ‘Contaminated Tie dock Wrong Fang System NN « scmeventuovewent pn-evasnc DEFORMATON f CREEP / ACT OF GOD Ths can happen in 2 different situations Sometimes the tle is well bonded fo the suibstiote, then cracks afe linked to the behaviour of the substrates (shrinkage, excessive loading no bbidging of construction Joint, ting over junction of 2 different substrates atferentiol movernant ete) Hf you top and hear a hollow sound along of near the crack line. the cracks are caused by lock of adhesive or mortar under the file, lack of oahesive transfer, weak point and poor shock resistance, ‘When there is lack af adhesive under the tie, it means that thee is. a wrong notched trowel, no beck buttering (for large thes) or the substrate is uneven, it there Is low adhesion or poor transfer, then open time expires (Skin Over). It ‘means that there i 100 litle oF too much ‘water In the adhesive of mortar mic which ‘atfests transfer to tlle back. Cracking also happens when the newly laid tles ore subject to traffic too soon (before ecthesive forms initial strongin), TILE CRAZING The defect of crazing Is defined as fine 6f0cks in the glare. sometimes one or two Jong ones but most often a fine: webb-ke network okin to erocked lee, Glaze Is In effect a thin layer of gloss on the surface of the fe which Is impervious to moisture, the lay %§ poIous aNd can absorb: moisture when it does It expands a itis. The glaze Cannot expang and so cracks finely - ins is crexing tis Caused by installing ceromic wall tes with “neat cement mortar” which has high shiinkage during curing of sooking of ceramic wol files in water thus resulting in moisture movernent, SE IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER ‘= Mop regulary with clean water fordaily | + Refrain from using cleaning agents which maintenance or generic detergents for | contain hydrofluoric compounds as they are routine cleaning. damaging to the surtace of ceramic ties. Avoid using highly abrasive materials. * Follow carefully all manufacturer's instructions ‘such os scouring pads on glazed tlesasit on the application of cleaning agents, to might scratch and wear out the glaze. ensure that rhaximum results ore obtained ‘and damage fo the tile sutace 's minimized. Wipe and clean away any spits on tiled surfaces to prevent scratching the glaze on tiles, Gently sweep away sang or debris on ted surfaces asit can scratch the glaze on tiles, Do not drag heavy objects such as crates across floor which are laid with tiles not specified for heavy duty use. ENSURING LASTING APPEAL TILE STANDARDS PORCELAIN CERAMICFLOOR MES | _CERAMIC WALL ES GHOUP Bla GROUP ia SCROUP PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 150 13006 | White Hare Tes White Hone Tiles 150 13005 White Howe Tes StonGard (est tesatBy sa) Gentian ey Sem Stonciord Ga Ret By SIM Aero 007% Average 5 Average 128% ‘woxrmam a. | Inc e

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