PREport: Justice

Group 3A
The idea of justice in transportation has been based on empirical approaches describing
community inequalities in people's behaviour and access to services and welfare. Theories of
justice can provide clarity about what justice means in this context. Engagement with theories of
justice can have relevant implications for the conceptualization and measurement of transport
disadvantages and accessibility and on decisions about transport policy priorities to tackle such
inequalities. The accessibility impacts of transport policies thus have important implications for
social inequalities and the promotion of just and inclusive cities. However, there is still little
theoretically informed understanding of justice. (98 words)

Distributive justice in transportation recognizes that not all inequality is unfair. This
characteristic, determined in some definitions, makes us understand that it is not always
necessary to ensure everyone has the same transportation resources since the solution depends
on their needs and desires and capacities. Although greater accessibility, freedom and security in
transport are sought for all, the differences and difficulties of each sector of society must be
considered, for example, the elderly, people with physical disabilities. For instance, in some cities
such as Milan, there are differentiated rates in the public transport system for students or people
with little income, which allow them to have the same accessibility as other people.
The concept of utilitarianism is a little interesting. After analysing the ideas shown in the paper,
it seems like this theory is staying in the past. To give more weight to well-being instead of
minimum rights could be prejudicial, and the transition from this theory to another could be
challenging to face. An instance of this transition is Guayaquil city. It is one of the biggest cities
in Ecuador, with too many people, jobs, schools, hospitals, and many services in general. But only
recent years ago the city put attention on people with some disabilities or elderly [1]. However,
although the government implemented policies and subsidies, new technologies or approaches
that guarantee minimum rights have been delayed [2]. (230 words)

The concept of Intuitionism seems not easy to understand due to, as said in the paper, it follows
a pluralistic approach. So, deciding the right thing depends on different particularities such as
morals and values, basic needs, rights, etc.
The "minimum level" is mentioned a lot in the paper regarding rights and accessibility in
transport, and this concept is large and depends on many factors. So, how to establish minimum
levels as a society is a complex topic.
The fact that some authors recognize that not all inequality is unfair can be interpreted as it is
impossible to achieve a minimum level that satisfies the minimum requirements of people in a
society. (112 words)
References:
[1] El universo, “Otras 150 rampas para personas con movilidad reducida se implementarán
en Guayaquil.” https://www.eluniverso.com/guayaquil/2018/11/26/nota/7070157/150-
rampas-personas-movilidad-reducida-se-implementaran-guayaquil/.
[2] Expreso, “El derecho a la accesibilidad inclusiva se queda en el papel.”
https://www.expreso.ec/guayaquil/derecho-accesibilidad-inclusiva-queda-papel-
660.html.