gl» bal perspectives [ota k@e Rob Metcalf An addition to global: ‘HRA _workbook ae with Audio CDContents Language & Culture lives & Legends Hot & Cold Known & Unknown Law & Order Seen & Heard Supply & Demand Lost & Found love & Hate Beginnings & Endings Audioscript 1 20 29 38 46 56 66 75 84 92i Language & Cul Grammar 1A State and action verbs Beis a state verb, Circle ten other state verbs in this email. Hi Simon How are things back home? Over here in Melbourne, things are going well. Do you remember Andy Marcos? ‘Well right now I'm staying in a house that belongs to is uncle, He's doing me a big favour, but | don't feel very comfortable, and I want to find somewhere else tolive. As for the new job, I lke it. Everyone at the ‘company seems very nice, and working here helps me to meet new people. | have a few friends in the office and some days we go out fora coffee after work. They all make fun of the way | speak. People here say ‘day when they greet you, and sometimes they use words. that | don't understand. For example, arvo means afternoon. That was new to me! ‘Anyway, | must stop now, i's getting ate. Thanks for checking at my old house for letters, and don't forget to forward those ones from the bank! Allthe best, Roy Grammar 1B State and action verbs Pucthe expressions into the correct category according to the meaning of the underlined state verbs. Do you remember Andy? The house belongs to his uncle. | don't feel comfortable. | want to find somewhere else. ‘ke it, | have a few friends. Everyoneseeme-veryniee: | don't understand. ‘Arvo means afternoon. Don't forget to forward them. Being — the way things are and what they mean [Everyone seems very nice. Possessing — the things we have Feeling — how we feel physically and our needs and preferences using our brain to do thin, Grammar 2 State and action verbs, present tense Choose the correct options to complete the internet forum posts. Bookworm Hey, book lovers! (1) /fook / I'm looking for a new book to read ~ any suggestions? (2)! want / rm wanting something good to take on holiday with me, (8) ke /1'm liking science fiction and fantasy. FanFan (4) [love /1'm loving Cloud Atlas by David Mitchell. I's kind of fantasy. (6) It contains / It's containing six connected stories, set in the past, present and future. (6) [think / I'm thinking it's brilliant! LitGiet I'm not sure about Cloud Atlas. (7) I read / 'm reading it at the moment and (8) it seems /it's seeming a bit complicated. I'm about halfway through and (9) | get /!’m getting quite confused. (10) don’t understand /1'm not understanding the connections between the stories. FanFan Okay, (11) / agree /'m agreeing it isn't an easy book, but keep going! (12) You really need / You're really needing to read the whole book ~ it all makes sense at the end! “®Language-& Culture Grammar 3 Present simple and present continuous Complete the conversations with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets. a: Excuse me! What (1) (you / do) with sy jacket? Pm sorry, I thought it was mine, It (2) ook just like mine A: Hi Rajani! Hi Chris! You @) this bus normally. a We (4) _ (aud) Russian at the technical college this month to prepare for our trip inthe (not take) & How long (5) (the programme / last)? te About an hour and a half, I think. Ac Good. A babysitter (6) _____ (look after) the kids but she has to go at 11 & Treland’ on the same latitude as Newfoundland in Canada, 90 why (7) (they / get) such cold winters compared to us? kT think ie’ because the Gulf Stream (8) (give) Ireland a warmer climate a: Justa moment. I'm going to get coat. It o (start) to get cold in the evening, : Yeah, but I (10) (bate) wearing 2 coat when I go to the park. There's never anywhere to put it! Grammar 4A Questions review ‘Complete the questions in the conversation with the verbs in the box. Decide where the verb goes and rewrite each question. had did were was will have does: & Doha the Arab Capital of Culture one yes a B: Yes, it was. In 2010, A: And which country it in? @ 3: In Qatar. ‘x: ivorganised a big international event before? 6) i Yes, for example the 2006 Asian Games took place there. @ Fn TEU EEE as they go well? re nb: Oh, yes. At the time, they were the largest Asian Games ever held. As Where the next Asian Games take place? @—___— I don't know, to be honest. &: you been to Doha? o 1m Yes, Iwas there for a couple of days in 2005, ‘ Really? What you doing there? a 1 Twas on a business trip, so unfortunately I didn’ really see much oft. A: ithave any famous landmarks? O} i The seafront and its skyscrapers are probably the best- known landmarks. Grammar 4B Questions review ‘Complete the questions in the conversation. Use the answers to help you. A: (1) Have. to the British Museum? : No. T've never been to London, in fact: What Q ‘a: You can see historical things from all over the world. Iv got a famous Egyptian collection with artefacts and in it? mummies init And how (3) : [suppose it got them from British archaeologists who brought them back with them from Egypt. And what (4) in Egypt? A: suppose they were doing what archaeologists always those things? do looking for ancient treasures. B Batis for permission to bring things home? as T'm not sure if they'd asked for permission. Maybe not. know that many countries want their artefacts back from the museum, By And (6) a: Idon't think it is going to give things back, no. zm Anyway, (7) As Tes definitely worth visiting IeS amazing. . How much (8) ‘a: Te doesn't cost anything to get in It free, give them back? visiting? to get in?Language & Culture Grammar 5A Subject / Object questions Choose the correct way to complete the questions in the World Culture Quiz. Can you answer the questions? World culture quiz Where do the int live / ive the Inuit? 2 When did China become / China became a People's Republic? Which African leader did win / won the Nobel Peace Prize in 19937 Which city does have / has the nickname “The Paris of the South’? ‘What happens / does happen in the USA on the fourth Thursday in November? Grammar 5B Subject / Object questions Complete or write the questions about the underlined part of the sentences. 1 He grew up in Liverpool. 2 Mexico has the 11*largest economy in the world. the 11" argest economy in the world? 4. India became independent from the UK in 1947, independent from the UK? 4 Mahatma Ghandi played a key role in India’s fight for independence. a key role in India’s fight for independent 5 Manga comies came from Japan. 6 People of all ages read manga in Japan. manga in Japan? Vocabulary 1A Greetings ‘Complete the conversations using greetings. 1aG, eee 4 Ah,h__, Mr Emery. We weren't expecting you until this afternoon, ‘& Lknow, but I managed to get an earlier flight. Paneer eee 3: Oh, h. , Stig. [haven't seen you for ages. HH____a. & Good, What about you? aan & Hic____, Polly, H__ Gc ce erento &: Not too bad, thanks, Listen, have you got a moment? oe et EEE EEE Can I help you? 1: Yes, I'm looking for the conference room. Could you tell me where it is? Vocabulary 1B Greetings Look again at the conversations in exercise 1A. Are they formal or informal? Vocabulary 2 English for specific purposes Complete the sentences with the correct type of language 1 Twork fora large Chinese company and we have customers all over the world, so I need b____ English for my work. 2 Pan architect and I've been working in Dubai Sometimes it was difficult because the builders didn’t know enough t English, and T don't speak Arabic! 3 Pma translator for an international law firm based in Spain, so Thave a good knowledge ofl English and Spanish 4 I'm from Russia, and I work 2s a biologist. Sometimes I find it hard to have a normal conversation in English, but mys English is very good! 5 All doctors who volunteer to work with us in Togo have to speak French, but most need to do a course in m______ French before they start. 6 P’m from Sri Lanka so I speak good English, but because P'm a pilot I had to study a English as part of my trainiLanguage & Culture Vocabulary 3 Collocations for describing places Match the two parts of the sentences about a capital city. Do you recognise the city? Ies international A major tourist Its ancient 1 2 5 4 For modern 5 Annual cultural 6 To shop in designer 4 monuments include the Huaca Pullana ' events include a food festival called Mistura «architecture, visit the city’s business district. 4. airport is called Jorge Chiver. «boutiques, head for Avenida Conquistadores. attraction is its historie centre, now a World Heritage Site. Extend your vocabulary - look Complete the phrasal verbs in the sentences with the words in the box. You don’t need to use all the words, to around down after for up at 1 Look to the other ones in the exhibition. this painting. Its really different 2 I think Athens was the first European Capital of Culture, but I'd need to look that ____on the internet to be sure. 3 Would you mind looking my cat while I’m on holiday? I'l only be away for a week 4 Excuse me, We're looking the coach station, Do you know where it is? ‘Why don’t we get a bus to the centre? That way we'd have time to look the old part of the city. Listening A new translation app © 1.01 Listen to the radio programme. Put the topies in order. 2 Defining an app. Explaining how phrase books work. Explaining how co use the new app. 4 Giving details of how many languages the app recognises. «Talking about the disadvantages of phrase books. £ Talking about the problems of the new app. Pronunciation 1 Intonation and different meanings 9 1.02 Listen to the intonation and choose the best way to describe how the people sound. 1 Good afternoon. a neutral polite and friendly «rude and unfriendly 2 How’it going? 2 neutral polite and friendly © rude and unfriendly 3 What are you doing here? a neutral »» polite and friendly rude and unfriendly 4 Could you explain that again? a neutral polite and friendly «rude and unfriendly 5 [think we've met before a neutral polite and friendly © rude and unfriendly 6 Pm really happy you could make it a neutral polite and friendly. © rude and unfriendlyLanguage & Culture Pronunciation 2 Languages for specific purposes © 1.03 Listen and choose the correct syllable stress for the words in italics. 1 [need business /husiness English for my work. 2 The builders didn’t know enough technical / technical / technical English 3. Thave a good knowledge of legal / egal Spanish. 4 My sientfc /scemtfc /sciemtfic English is very good. 5, Most doctors need to do a course in predical / medical / medical French, 6 Thad to study aviation / axiation / aviation English, Pronunciation 3 Collocations for describing places & 1.04 Listen and underline the stressed word in each collocation. 1 Tts international airport is called Jorge Chavez. 2 A major tourist attraction is its historic tre, now a World Heritage Site Its ancient monuments include the Huaca Pullana. For modern architecture, visit the city’s business district. Annual cultural events include a food festival called Mistura ‘There are lots of stores but to shop in designer boutiques, head for Avenida Conquistadores.| Language& Culture Reading 3 Rexd 7 article and use the numbers in exercise 1 10 First Editions ae cae ee 1 Whestinpacemechecrs pieeatngenien, | ON letters and symbols. 2 Experts thought the book would sell for. E 3 Only copies ofthe first edition were printed : ast Seca 4 Over the years the book has sold more than 2 one thousand five hundre copies. = oe hee ts Larrea pounds 5 Atthe auction the first foreign language edition of the 4 the year two thousand and eight book sold f 5 thirty thousand pounds ae 7 Seema 6 Look for the number 1 on the copyright page ro sce i your book isa edition, 2 Look at the magazine article and find the numbers to eee emcee 4 Answer the questions,"Then read the article again to check your answers. 1 Does a printing mistake make a first edition more or less valuable? ‘Why was the auctioned copy of The Hobbit valuable? ‘Who was Elaine Griffiths? ‘Which language was the book first translated into? How many translations exist today? What do some books include on the copyright and dedication page? { First Editions fa book isa ‘first edition’ then it one of the frst printed copies of the book. The value of first edition can vary a lot, depending on the book’s condition, the number of copies printed, whether or not the author signed the book and if there's anything special about the first edition to increase its value, such asa printing error, ‘When Bonhams in London auctioned a copy of J R R Tolkien's The Hobbit in 2008, experts expected it to sell for £30,000. Everyone was surprised when an anonymous bidder bought the book for £60,000. Only 1,500 copies of the 1937 frst edition were printed. The book was an instant success and has sold over 100,000,000 copies. Tolkien originally wrote The Hobbit for his children but a friend of his, Flaine Griffiths, persuaded him to find a publisher. The first edition on sale at Bonhams included a handwritten dedication from Tolkien to Elaine. ‘The auction also included the first foreign language edition of Glossary The Hobbit, ranslated into Swedish in 1947.’The book, which also | auction our) ~an event whare tings ve included a dedication to Elaine Griffiths, sold for £1,560. Since 1947 | sot people who ote the most money ‘The Hobbit has been translated into nearly 50 different languages, ‘ror (our) mistake “To find out if you have any first editions of a book, look at the seemmoun cacao ‘sonymaus, no-one knows thir name copyright and dedication page at the beginning, Many publishers | Sere" rene include information about the different editions and the year in hee ee ‘which they were printed. Some books have along line of numbers: | juan oe “The lowecemumber inthe line represents the number of the edition, | Terpeauesaascisese If the number is 1, then the book isa I* edition| Language & Culture Writing A report comparing options Reading 1 What type of things do you have to write as part of your work or studies? Add to the list below. Essays about subjects related to my degree Emails to organise meetings 2 Read the email. Is this type of writing on your list? ‘What is its purpose? What do you think the relationship between Jaya and Morwena is? Dear Morwena, As requested, I've looked into the options available for providing Spanish tuition to our employees. U've outlined what I consider to be the pros and cons of. each one below. “The first option is evening classes, consisting of two 90-minute classes a week over a nine-month period. “The advantage of evening classes is that because they take place afier work, people are less likely to miss them because of meetings, ete. The downside is that people might not want to ot be able to study after work, ‘The second option is to pay a tutor to give classes here at lunchtime. The benefits of this option are that people would not lose any of their free time after work or need to travel to classes. The disadvantage Isee, as mentioned above, is that people sometimes have meetings at lunchtime and. ‘might miss classes. “The last option is online learning using interactive materials, A tutor would correct some written work and offer a spoken tutorial for each study unit. The good things about this option are that it’ relatively cheap and people can study where and when they want. Possible drawbacks include the Fact that you need self-discipline, so people might not make time to study, ‘My personal preference isto hire a tutor because I think this would make it easier for people to study 3. Complete the table with information from the email. ‘Option Disadvantages Writing skills: presenting advantages and disadvantages What other words and phrases in the email report mean the same as advantage(s) or disadvantages(s)? Write them in the spaces below. advantagels) disadvantage 5. Complete the sentences with another advantage or disadvantage of the different options in the email 1 Another goad thing about / dwnside of evening classes is that... 2A further Denefit / disadvantage of hiring a tutor is that 3. Other adeantages / drrwbacks of online learning include the fact that ... Language focus: giving a personal viewpoint 6 Complete the sentences from the email, which express personal viewpoint about the options. Read the email again to check your answers. 1 Tye outlined w__Ie___to be the pros and cons of each one. 2 The downside is that people m____not be able to study after work 3. The disadvantage Ts is that people sometimes have meetings at lunchtime. aP drawbacks include the fact that you need self-discipline. 5 Myp_______p. is tohirea tutor, '®| Language: & Culture Preparing to write 7 Read the Writing task below. Then choose three of the activities below, or other activities, and complete the table about them before you start writing. ‘a weekend of pilates a two-day diving course ‘a weekend survival course ‘along weekend in a foreign capital exercise classes Activity [Advantages Disadvantages Writing ‘Your boss has asked you to think of and evaluate three different activities that employees can do together outside work to help them to get to know each other better and work better asa team, Write an email report to your boss. Present the three activities, think of at east one advantage ‘and disadvantage for each one, and give your personal preference. ee Meus or) '* As requested, I've looked into ‘1've outlined ... below. ‘The frst / second / last option is ‘¢1 think this would make it easier for people to ... ‘*ilJeave the final decision with you.Grammar 1A Past simple and past continuous Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 2 (1) met (was meeting my bestfriend while 12) did / ‘eas doing some research for a local radio station. & Weneed to know more about your car erash. Where dent G) did you go / were you going when the ac (happened /was happening? © Moto (5) started / was starting working as a journalist as, soon as she (6) finished /us finishing school. 8 (7) Did you bear / Were you bearing Ash's last answer? I don't think the recorder (8) worked / was working well at the end of the interview, She was extremely busy while she (9) wrote / war writing. her first novel because she (10) loked after / tas looking after a young child at the same time. Grammar 1B Past simple and past continuous Complete the story beginnings with the past simple or past continuous form of the verbs in brackets 1a) Git) at my computer when icall @ _ (ar?.1.3) (not sword) yer. 1(4) (catch ap) on the morning’ news by reading some online newspapers. The doorbell rang. 1(S) (not expect) anybody to call so the noise (6) (make) me jump. When 1 () (open) the door 1 (8) (ce) a man wearing a bright orange jacket. He (9) __— (bold) a parcel. ‘Could you sign here, please?* he (10) (ay) ina tired voice. Tewas Saturday morning, and they (11) (bree) breakfast on their balcony. Imelda was reading the newspaper. Evner (12) (look) at the people down in the market. ‘What (13) (you / do) in that café yesterday evening?” asked Imelda. She aay (not look up) from her paper so Evner (13) (kno) she was angry. 106) (tall) to a colleague from work, he answered. ‘My bus (17) {atop right in front of the café. And while I (18) (watch) you, you (19) (give) your colleague some ‘There was an uncomfortable silence, then Evner said 'T 20) (cant) it to be a surprise, but now Tl have to tell you.” Grammar 2A Past simple and past perfect Complete the stories with the past perfect form of the verbs in the box. finish forget go have have to miss not buy | not check send tall Harshad was upset because he (1) a family meal. When he finally found out about it, the meal @)- His sister phoned him from the restaurant to find out where he was. When he complained that nobody (3) him about che meal, she said that she (4) him at least wo cermails during the week. The problem was that Harshad 6 his emails for ages, so he didn't see them. Holly left work later chan usual. She was tired because she (©) deal with a lot of dificult customers at work. When she got home, the kids (7) ______to bed, so the house was quiet. Steve was watching the news on TV. He said hello and asked if she (8) « good day: She didn’t know, but she could sense that something was wrong. Then she remembered. Te was their wedding anniversary! She (9) completely and (10) about it him a present.Lives & Legends Grammar 2B a simple and past perfect jose the correct options to complete the situations. 2 When Jason (1) gor / had got home, the football match. (2) didn’t finish / hadn't finisbed, but he was only in time to see the last ten minutes. 1s Kiko’ father was at the parents’ meeting. He (3) shaved 7d shaved his moustache off so 1 (4) didn't reengnise / adn’ recognised hin at first. ce We (5) sent gme to see Brian's new flat at the weekend, but we (6) didn’t stay / hadn't stayed long because his parents were visiting him. 4 Theresa problem with your application letter. juno posted it but then she (7) realised / ad realised that she (8) forgot /1 forgotten to put a stamp on it. Pm glad we (9) stayed up / tl stayed up to watch that programme ~ it was good. (10) Had you seen / Did you see before? Until this morning I (11) didi’ bear / hadn't heard from ry cousin in South Africa for over 50 years. But then this letter (12) arrived / bad arrived! Grammar 3 Modifiers Choose the best modifier to complete the sentences. 1 Asa child, I was fairy / extremly interested in fairy tales, but I preferred other types of story. 2 [thought Litle Red Riding Hood was abit /tervibly scary. The wolf terrified me! 3 ‘The story’ extremely /a bit well-known. [can’t imagine anyone not knowing it. 4 [thought she was fairly / really brave, I would never have gone into the Forest alone 5 Tfound the ending terribly / quite hard to believe, but 1 still thought it was possible that the wolf had swallowed the grandmother whole. 6 By the time I was five or six I was getting a bit /tervibly bored of fairy tales, but I still enjoyed hearing them from time to time. Sn ET Grammar 4A used to and would Look at the underlined phrases in these sentences and mark the sentences correct (¥) or incorrect (X). 1 Before writing, different cultures uscd to pass.on their traditions orally. 2 Inthe Middle Ages, people wouldn't think that the Earth was flat. 3. Where ld explorers used to go to search for El Dorado? 4 One hundred years ago, most people would never travel abroad. 5 The Mediterranean Sea would be a large, dry valley. 6 India and Pakistan didn’t used to be separate countries 7 Did Taledo use to he the capital city of Spain? ‘8 Before this century, most people wouldn't regularly communicate by email. Grammar 4B used to and would ‘Complete the conversation with the correct form of used 10 oF would and the verbs in brackets. Use would where possible a: Can you see those flats over there? That's where I ) __— (live. And 2) (yon / play) in this park? &: No,1G) (do not). This park (4) ___ (not be) here. We qa (play) football or other games in the street, or go down to the river to play. Where (©) (oour family / lve)? 2B: On the other side of the river, My parents (7) (et) me play by the river, though. They thought it was too dangerous. But 1) (go off} on my bike for the whole afternoon, and that was even more dangerous! Especially when you consider that we (9) (nor have) mobile phones in those daysLives & Legends Vocabulary 1A -ing and -ed adjectives Choose the correct adjective to complete the sentences, 1 Can you give me some help with these instructions? They're really » confused & confusing 2 Watching a young child grow up is —__ ‘They learn so much so quickly. + fascinated fascinating 3) We didn’t know that our uncle had been in prison and when we found out a shocked shocking 4A student at my school once fell asleep in class. He when he woke up. looked very: a embarrassed embarrassing 5. Dyani was sure she would win the competition, and was, clearly when she didn’t 1 disappointed disappointing 6. The true story of Carlos Tever’ rise from poverty in Argentina to football stardom is very a inspired » inspiring Vocabulary 1B -ing and -ed adjectives Complete the sentences with the -ing or -ed adjective form of the verbs in the box. confuse fascinate inspire disappoint embarrass shock Tent to a restaurant for lunch the other day, and when Tame to pay, I realised I didn't have any money on me. Tewasso____! 2. She's written five chapters for her new book this week. She's obviously feeling 1 3 Tye been by insects ever since I was a child, and that’ why Thecame a biologist. 4 Twas hoping to get $500 for my stamp collection on eBay, but I only got $300, It was alittle 5 Itsreally to see how many people use their mobile when they’re driving, It’ such a dangerous thing to do. 6 ‘These instructions are really hard to understand, I'm not surprised you were after reading them, Vocabulary 2 Relationships (1) Complete the definitions using a hyphen (2) where necessary. 1 Your grandfather’ father is your gr ‘ is someone you know a litle but who is not a close friend. 3 Aco. same organisation or department as you. 4 Yourb. is the person who isin charge 2 Anac_ is someone who works in the of you at work. s Your fi ____ is the woman you are engaged to and going to get married to. 6 Your st_____is the son of your mother or father’s new husband or wie Vocabulary 3 Relationships (2) ‘Complete the description of a friendship with the words and phrases in the box. follout get on put up had touch well incommon keep lost Tmet my bestfriend at university. We soon realised we @) —___ aloe 2 3 we both enjoyed sports and we supported the same football team. After university, we shared a flat for a while. Sometimes we) over silly things, but we never had a big argument. We just (4) with each other’ faults. Then we both got married and moved away and we (3) busy with our jobs and our new families. Then, a couple of years ago, we met at a football match support the same team! Now we (6) 0 regularly. We stil (8) really (9) together whenever we can touch for a while, We were ‘we still and we go to the football) Lives & Legends Vocabulary 4 Extreme adjectives Complete the sentences with extreme adjectives. 1 Archaeologists discovered some an ‘monuments in the forest. 2, When my parents found out P'd crashed their ear, they were fy____—. 3 Tewas a hot day, and the runners were ex____at the end of the race. 4 Our hotel room was quite small, but it had an en___ bathroom. ‘5. Marco’ fallen out with his friend, so he’ feeling 6 The talk was so te that alot of people lefé before the end. 7 The flat was fi. Trobviously hadn't been cleaned for years. ‘6 [didnt think the interview went well, so when they gave me the job I was de_____. Vocabulary 5 Prepositions Complete the extract from a story with the prepositions in the box. beneath around above beyond “The king had been woken up by the same dream for three nights now. In the dream, he was hunting when he saw a bear (1) him, It was standing ‘on the path, looking back at him, and it moved further with along the path every time he got near it. In the distance, (2) _____— the bear, there was a dark forest, and the bear seemed to be leading him towards it. As they {got nearer the forest, he saw that there was a high fence 8 it. Suddenly, he heard a shrieking sound, and looked up to see a black bird circling in the sky (4) _________him. The bear looked frightened and the fence somchow managed to pass (5) through a small gap, disappearing into the forest. The king couldn't get through the gap, so he had to climb over the fence. He could hear the bear and tried to follow it. After a while he came to a cave. There was a huge stone resting @) Unit2 Se © the entrance, and he could hear a noise coming from deep (7) it The king tried to move the stone, but just when he had managed to ‘move it enough to get in, a huge black wolf attacked him. At that moment he woke up, feeling terrified. Extend your vocabulary - ways of talking about meaning Match the two parts of the sentences. 1 The colour red 2 Tn China, the dragon 3. For many, Che Guevara 4 The Arabic word Salaam 5 The bald eagle 6 The colour green symbolises the USA on some of its coins. 1 represents the fight agains injustice. ‘means ‘stop’ on trafic lights round the world. represents Africa's rich land on many flags. symbolises power and strength. means ‘peace’.lives & Legends Listening A favourite book © 1.05 Listen to someone talking about a favourite book and choose the correct answer to the questions. 1 What's the name of the planet the little prince ‘comes from? + Three volcanoes » B6I2 2 When did the author write the book? 4 While he was living in New York. While he was trying to break a flying record 3 How many translations are there of the book? + You can read the book in more than 80 languages. » You can read the book in more than 180 languages. 4 Inwhich language did the speaker first read the book? a English » French 5 What does the prince ask the narrator to draw at the beginning of the book? a aship & asheep 6 Why does the speaker like the book? a. Tereminds her of her childhood. Its for both children and adults. Pronunciation 1 -ing and -ed adjectives Choose the correct pronunciation of the adjectives. Te was so embarrassing / embarrassing / embarrassing, She's feeling inspired / inspized! I'm fascinated / fascinated / fascinated by insects. Te was a little disappointing / disappointing / disappointing. 5 Its really shocking / shocking. 6 You were confused / confused. J 1.06 Listen and check your answers Pronunciation 2 Weak forms © 1.07 Listen and choose the correct pronunciation of the underlined verbs Strong [Weak form form 1 Teanttputupwithhisbad [gant [/kant! temper any more! 2 Pmnor sure he can do ‘ken! | kan’ anything about it. 3 Have you invited Harshad? [ey (nav # No, Thavent thevnt/ _|/hovnt /_| 5 SamandTare goingto go [jg al shopping together. 6 Areyousure thatSagood — [ig idea? 7 Scanhadlefthome bythe [mea [had / time he was 18. * Had Mikelefthomeatthat Tinea |itod / age? 9 Yes, he had. hed __|thad / Pronunciation 3 Word stress © 1.08 You will hear cach sentence twice. Listen and decide ifthe pronunciation matches the meaning better in the first or the secondl version. 1 Twasn’e just sited, I was exhausted 2. She wasn't just surprised, she was astonished. 3 Pm not just happy, Pm feeling delighted. 4 The floor isn’t just dirty, i’ fey. 5 We weren't just angry, we were furious. 6 That car isn’t just old, ies ancientLives & Legends Reading The state of reading 1 Are these sentences true (7) or false (F)? 1 More young people in the UK own a mobile phone than a book. 2 Most young people don't enjoy reading at all. 3 Young people who read blogs on the internet enjoy. writing more. 4 Parents don’t have a big influence on the reading habits of children. 2. Read the results of a survey and check your answers to exercise 1 3. Use the words and phrases in the box to complete the sentences. Then look at the article to check your answers, ‘abit atall extremely quite really very 1 22.2 per cent of young people enjoy reading much. 28.4 per cent say they enjoy it 39.2 per cent say they like it 10.2 per eent say they don't enjoy reading. big influence on the reading alot. Parents have a habits of younger children. 6 Many parents have an busy lifestyle G6) me i 4 Choose the correct option. 1. The National Literacy Trust is an independent /a government organisation. 2 A snaller /Iarger proportion of 15 to 17 year olds read a book every day. 3. “Teenagers are fess /more likely to read material on the internet, 4 More than a third / half of young people don’t read websites every week 5. Girls / Boys enjoy writing more. 6 Mothers / Futbers read to their children less often. 5 Answer the questions in your own words. 1 Do you think modem technology is threatening levels ofllteracy among young people today? 2 Has the moving image become more important than the written word? 3 Has the internet had an influence on the way you read and write? 4 Do you think the results of the survey reflect attieudes in other countries?Lives & Legends The state of reading Is modern technology threatening levels of literacy among young people today? Do we live in a world in which the moving image has become more important than the written word? ‘The National Literacy Trust isan independent charity that works to improve literacy in the UK. As part of its 2010 report on literacy, the trust surveyed more than 17,000 schoolchildren aged 7 to 17. Tediscovered that 85.5 per cent of young people own a mobile phone compared with 72.6 per cent who own their own books. 22.2 per cent of young people enjoy reading very much, 28.4 per cent say they enjoy it quite a lot, and 39.2 per cent say they like ita bit. 10.2 per cent say they don’t enjoy reading atall. Age is closely linked to attitudes towards different types of reading. Thirty per cent of 7 to 8 year olds read a book every day compared with only 17 per cent of 15 to 17 year olds, However, teenagers are more likely to read material on the internet. Nearly two-thirds of young people read websites every week. The young people who read online texts, such as blogs, also enjoy writing more and have rather more positive attitudes towards writing. Girls enjoy writing more than boys (52 per cent compared with 38 per cent). Parents have a really big influence on the reading habits of younger children. One in five parents easily find the time to read to their children, but the rest have problems finding time because they're tired or have an extremely busy lifestyle. Of the parents that read to children, 67 per cent are mothers compared to just 17 per cent of fathers. Glossary threaten (er) =o possi damage something tracy (noun) -the ity 10 ead and write ‘bust pour) an eganisaton that helps other people or oganisatens style (oun) te typeof fe you have une @)Lives & Legends ec Writing A past narrative Reading 1 Imagine you are going to write about something that happened to you in the past. Which of these verb tenses would you use? future with will future with going to present simple present continuous past simple past continuous past perfect 2 Read the blog entry. Which of the verb tenses from exercise I docs the blogger use? ‘Afew days ago, | graduated from medical school. After the ‘ceremony, | was hating to my fellow students, We were talking about the reasons why we chose to study medicine ‘and it reminded me of a story from my childhood. ‘One day, when | was quite young, about 8 or 9, was atthe park with my brothers. twas a lovely day and we were all having fun | was playing footall with afew of my friends ‘when suddenly | heard aterible scream. | looked round ang | saw my youngest brother ying onthe ground. He'd fallen from a climbing frame. He was crying and screaming. He ‘was clearly in alt of pain. never forget the look on his ‘ace. We al panicked and didn't know what to do. Thankfully, my friend's father, who was nearby, came over ‘and took contol ofthe situation. He was a doctor and he knew exactly what to do, He told us nat to move him in case he had injured his back or his neck. He kept him calm until the ambulance arrived a few minutes later and he went with him tothe hospital We found out the following day that he had broken a smal bone in his neck. We were all worried that he was going to_be seriously disabled, but because ofthe doctor's quick ‘action, he reoovered completely. In those days, | wanted to be a professional footballer, but the doctor became my hero ‘and set me on the road to becoming a dactor myself. i ua @ om 3. Read the blog entry again and answer the questions. 1 How old was the blogger when the events took place? 2 What was he doing when the accident happened? 35 Who took control of the situation? 4 Which word has a different meaning? injured / hurt / recovered 1b chatting / screaming / shouting What did the incident inspire the blogger to do? Writing skills: time expressions 4 Complete the sentences with the time expressions. Read the blog entry again to check your answers. afew minutes later after fone day the following day a fow days ago in those days. , Tgraduated from medical school. , the ceremony, I was chatting to my fellow students, _ when I was quite young, I was at the park with my brothers. He kept him calm until the ambulance arrived We found out he had broken a small bone in his neck. I wanted to be a professional footballer. Complete the sentences in your own words. ‘These days issbesnssseesi When I was a child “This time last year —______ On Saturdays [As soon as I woke up this morningLives &. Legends Language focus: narrative verb tenses 6 Complete the definitions to explain when we use each form. past continuous past perfect _ past simple present continuous present simple used to We use ... 1 —_____ for talking about things that are happening now and about temporary and changing. situations. 2 _____for completed actions in the past. 3 _ for actions in progress in the past. 4 —_______ for talking about habits and routines, and about things that are always true. 5 ____to talk about habitual states or actions in the past. 6 ——_____to uk about an event in the past that happened just before another event or a specific time in the past. 7 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets 1 My brother’ a doctor. He in London. 2 Atthe moment, 1 fore (ive) (stay) with him until ind) my own place 3 Last we year we (visit) New York together. 4 After we (tay) there for a week, we (g0) to Los Angeles. 5 When he was younger, my brother (dream) of going to America 6 My brother and I (be) very close. Preparing to write 8 Read the Writing task below. Before you start writing, answer these questions and use the answers to help you plan your writing. 1 Has anything negative, like an accident, ever happened in your life that finally had a positive effect? 2 Have you ever had a ‘hero’ who influenced your life? ‘What did they do? How did they influence you? 3. Think of special day from your past that you still remember clearly. Why was the day special? What was happening in your life at the time? Writing Write a blog entry describing something that happened in your past. Write about a special day that you stil remember clearly. FR ‘The other day | remembered .. ‘remember it clearly / vividly / asi it were yesterday. * 18 one ofthe most important things thats ever happened to mo. * Fi never forget ... “* Apparanty, EventuallyGrammar 1A will and be going to for predictions Put the words in the correct order. 1 fossil fuels / when / will / run out 2 stop / using petrol / probably won't / for decades / we 4 definitely / more important / renewable energy / become / will 4. is perhaps / nuclear power / to / more popular / be / going 5 the way we do now / going / people /to// be able to travel / probably aren't 6 going /have /are / access to / cheap fights / how long / we / to Grammar 1B will and be going fo for predictions Choose the correct options to complete the predictions. 1 Inthe future, nuclear fusion —_____ souree of energy, but right now it looks impossible to achieve. 2 will perhaps become bis perhaps going to become 2 The company needs to cut staff immediately, and I was the last person they employed, so. ________my job. 1. Tl obviously lose » P'm obviously going to lose 3 Everyone’ stopped talking. I think that woman over there —__ a speech. will make is going to make 4 Ifyou go to live abroad, make sure you keep in touch with your friends here. tone day if you don't a You'll probably regret » You're probably going to regret @ oe children, do you think? T know there’ no nish when you're a man, but he’ 35 and he lives alone, 2 Will Dara have Is Dara going to have 6 Don’t walk under that balcony ~. any second! 2 itll fall down ie’ going to fall down Grammar 1C will and be going fo for predictions Complete the conversation with will or be going to and the correct form ofthe verbs in brackets. 1. What’ on next? A documentary. Butt already nine o'clock and the adverts haven finished k(t) (tar) late ‘& Only a couple of minutes late. What’ it about? 1 Climate change de Right. Do you think world governments @ (agree) to take some kind of action in the end? ts: don't know. It doesn't look very likely right now: 1 don't know why they don’t just ban petrol! Fifty years from now people simply (3) — (ot derstand) why we took: so long to abandon fossil fuels. Ac There's something I don’ get, though, We've had a Jot of cold winters recently, and knowing our luck, we Oy (probably / ave a cold winter this year too, But I thought the planet was getting warmer. ti Abad winter’ an example of weather. The climate is what happens to weather over many years. Almost all current evidence says that the planet (5) @) warmer and warmer. A: Are you going to watch the documentary? ws Yes. What about you? A: Tdon't think so, I'm really tired. 1 (6) (fall asleep any minute.5 Hot & Cold. Grammar 2A Future forms: plans and intentions Choose the best option to complete the sentences. 1 I'm doing /Pm going to do / Til do some shopping after the class, Do you want to come with me? 2 We're seeing / We've going 0 see / Wel see Bronwyn for lunch at that pizzeria in the High street on Thursday. Can we tell her your news? 3, Tm not entirely sure yet, but I'm probably nor going /T'm probably nor going toga /I probably won't go on holida this summer. I like the idea of having a winter break. 4 We've finally made a decision. 1% aren’ selling / We ‘aren't going to sell / We won't sell our car. We simply can't afford to buy a new one. 5 P've made your travel arrangements. I couldn't get you a flight on Thursday, so you've flying / you're going to fly / you'll ly frst thing on Friday morning, 6 Lian’ decided to take that job in Australia, by the way. She imagines she staying / she's going to stay /sbe'll tay out there for a couple of years at the most, but she doesn’t know for sure. Grammar 2B Future forms: plans and intentions Complete the email with the present continuous, going to ‘or all form of the words in brackets. Hi Jeff How are things? I'm getting really excited because this weekend | (1) (90) to Wales to do 2 winter survival course, We (2)_______ (spend) three days in the wilderness in the Snowdonia National Park. | (3) —__ meet) Vijay atter work on Friday, and we (4) (erobably drive) straight there so that we don't arrive too late in the evening. The course itself should be earn) really interesting. We (5) how to find shelter and keep warm in the cold. 1) get the chance. (7) ________ you / be) over here in the summer, by the way? If so, let me know and | (@) ___ ask) for a few days off work. Bye for now, (Cel you all about it when | Grammar 3A soand such Complete the sentences with so, sueb or such a. 1 Much of Bangladesh is level that there’ a constant risk of floods. 2 The Lut Desert in Tran has ___ hor close to sea climate that nothing can live there, 3 Hanakapiai Beach in Hawaii has dangerous currents that people are advised not to swim there. 4 ‘The Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean is deep that the first manned vessel took nearly five hours to reach the bottom. 5 Antarctica has extreme weather that nobody lives there permanently. 6 Hurricanes can generate that they can destroy houses. 7 Mount Everest is strong winds high that humans cannot survive for long at the top without oxygen # Tatunendo in Columbia is wet place that it gets over LI metres of rain a year. Grammar 3B soand such Rewrite the sentences with so or such (@) and two other words so that the meaning stays the same. 1 The day was so cold that we decided not 10 go out Iewas thar we decided notto go out 2 They've got such a big house that it must take days to lean! Their house that ie must take days toclean! 3. They're such naughty kids that their teacher can't control them. Those kids control them. that their teacher can’t 4 This programme's so boring that I'm going to turn it off, ‘This is that I'm going to turn it off. 5 That news is so good that we should go out and, celebrate. ‘That's celebrate. that we should go out and 6 Thisis such tasty cheese that I'm going to havea bit more. This cheese bit more, that I’m going to have a @3 Hot & Cold». Grammar 4A Real conditionals Choose the correct options to complete the sentences. Use the present simple if possible. 1 Lf shops don’t keep /won’'t keep ice-cream well below 0°C, itstarts /will tart to melt 2 Tf I,go/Tilgo out to get an ice-cream later, do you come / twill you come too? 3. We look after / can lok after the children if you want / you'll ant to eat out this evening. 4 [fa country’s /country will be in recession, the sales of supermarket own brands increase /will increase, 5. This recession gets worse / might get worse if we bave / swell bave a really bad winter. 6 Ifthe weather doesn't get /won't get better, we aren't able axon’ be able to have a barbecue on Saturday. Grammar 4B Real conditionals ‘Complete the conversations with the present simple or zl! form of che verbs in brackets. Ac Excuse me, I bought this ice-cream here a few hours ago, and when I got it home I saw thet it had melted. n Thae (1) happen) if you Q)____ (tate along time to get home. ‘But [live across the road, and I put it straight in the freezer. V' like my money back. 1. Have you gota receipt? We (3) (not _give) refunds ifa customer (4) (nor ave) a receipt A No, haven't. Butif you (5) ook) at the label, you (6) (Gee) that it came from here. Its the supermarket’ own brand, 1 I'm sorry, but I can’t do anything about it. & Ifyou (?) (nt give) me a refund, 1¢@)—_— (ask) to see the manager. s What are you doing? ss: T'm reinstalling everything on my computer. Computers (9) _ (work) faster if you ao) (do) that from time to time. a Really? Is it dificult to do? a. No. It (11) —__ (@e) easy if you (2) (kn) how. a: I should reinstall mine. In fact, (13) (it this afternoon if I (14) (have) time, (15) (ou /be) here if 0) (need) to phone you? a: Probably not, but if (17) here, Gavin (18) Vocabulary 1 Energy Complete the puzzle with types of energy. (vot be) (be able to) help you. Across 2. energy that is produced by moving water (10) 6 an invisible substance from under the ground (7, 3) 4 energy that is produced by the currents of air in the earth’ atmosphere (4, 5) Down 1 atype of energy that comes from heat from under the ground (10) 3. atype of energy that uses the sun’s light and heat (5) 4 atype of energy that is produced when the structure of the central part of an atom is changed (7) 5 ahard black substance that is burned to provide energy ® 7 a dark liquid from under the ground, used for making petrol and diesel (3)Hot & Cold, Vocabulary 2 Vocabulary 4A Materials Words to describe statistics ‘Complete the sentences with the materials in the box. ‘Complete the economic report with the words in the box. cotton leather metal plastic rubber by decine decreasing in fallen go grew wood wool | gone increase of 10 rion 1 People often wear a. jacket for In general, it has been a difficult quarter for the protection when riding a motorbike, 2 We bought cups and plates for the kids’ party so that nothing got broken. 3. These doors are really heavy. That's because they're made of solid 4 The ideal material for ear and bieyele tyres is because its hard-wearing but also soft and flexible. 5 Talways take a ‘cup with me when I go camping because you can put it on a gas burner to heat water in 6 My jumper came from Peru, so it made from Alpaca fibre, and not from sheep’ 7 Talways wear a white — tie to work, Vocabulary 3 cold (metaphor) ‘Complete the sentences with the words in the box. shirt and a bine cold ice blood shoulder rece 1 The rebel soldiers were captured and shor in cold 2 Twasn’t invited to lunch, My workmates left me out in these 3 Bo’ normally friendly, but lately he’s been giving me the cold . 4 Lasked for a pay rise. After an icy stare, she said ‘no’ in a cold 5 Sam's idea for the new advertising campaign got a cold 6 When I told Jan I was upset, he just said ‘Oh’. He's as cold as company due to the negative economic climate, in which ‘economic activity has continued 0 (1) ‘on a national level. Inflation has (2) up 3) 2% and is now at 3.5%. The price of fuel has continued to (4) and analysts predict that there will be a further rise (5) ___ around 20% before prices start to (6) _______ down again, Iris no surprise, then, that sales have (7) this quarter, and are still (8) decrease (9) recover. However it We predict a further 5% sales before things start to not all bad news. Sales of mobile phones have (10) ¢his quarter, and our share of the market (11) from 15% (2) 18%, Vocabulary 4B Words to describe statistics Complete the second sentence with the noun or verb phrase which is based on the underlined phrase. Be careful to change or add a preposition. 1 Economic activity has declined. There has been a Inflation has increased by 2%. “There has been a 2% 3. There will bea rise of 20% in oil prices. Oil prices 20%. 4. Sales have fallen this quarter. There has been a economic activity inflation, sales this quarter. 5) There will be a further decrease in sales. Sales will continue to further. 6 Ourshate of the market grew from 15% to 18%. The ‘our share of the market was from 15% to 18%.Hot & Cold Extend your vocabulary - words that go with problem Complete the collocations with problem in this conversation . Tee called you into the office because we need to try t0 find a (1) s. We're losing money, and ifwe don't re Or Can Task what (2) <_ financial problems. the problem now, we're going to an even bigger one in the future ____— this problem? T mean, sales haven't fallen, &: Iesa combination of factors. We're paying more rent now, and our energy costs have gone up significantly too. 1 One way to (5) 5 the problem would be to move to premises outside the city centre where rents are cheaper. ‘as Yes, that would save us a lot of money. It good to be in the centre, but ifit means we can survive, I think we'll have to move. Listening Summer holidays 9 1.09 Listen to the conversation between Sara and Mia Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 Miais going to fly to Australia with her sister / motber 2. They're visiting Singapore after / before going to Australi 5 Her sister lives in Melbourne / Mount Gambier 4 Melbourne is the cultura! / politica! capital of Australia. 5 Mia thinks the weather wil be sunny / many 6 Mia bas /basn’t been to Australia before. @» Pronunciation Intonation © 1.10 Listen to the sentences. Then choose the correct intonation pattern used in the lists 1 Normally its yarm in June, hot and humid in July and stormy in August. 2 Our best-selling clothes are jeans, T-shirts, trainers and leather jackets 3 Td like some cheese,a packet of comflakes, some milk and some coffee 4 We export our goods to the United States, Europe, the ‘Midalle East and most South American counties. 4. Your voice goes up on every item on the list, Your voice goes up on every item in thelist excepe for the lasc one, on which it goes down. «Your voice goes down on every item in the list except for the last one, on which it goes up,’ Hot & Cold - Reading 2 Read the magazine article and answer the questions. Under the weather 1 1 Put the words in the correct category. What do biometeorologists do? 2 What does SAD stand for? bad tempered cold depressed heatwave positive sad sunlight temperature tied warm | How long should we stay outside to feel positive? ‘The weather How we feel 4 How many people are sensitive to changing weather? Under the weather A biometeorologist isa scientist who studies the effects of the weather on living things. We all know that changes in the weather can affect how we feel. IF there’ a heatwave, we become tired, bad tempered and have problems sleeping. When temperatures rise there are more accidents con the road and an increase in the number of street erimes. In hot weather the body produces chemicals which reduce our powers of concentration and affect our judgement. Ifthe weather is cold then our mood can become darker. When winter comes, many people are affected by a condition called SAD (Seasonal Affective Disorder). Its a form of depression caused by less exposure to sunlight during the winter months. If someone is affected by SAD then they become tired, unhappy and lose their appetite. However, in many cases the condition improves if patients spend time in artificial daylight. In general terms, if you spend time outdoors in good weather, then your mood improves, According to some experts, a person should spend at least 30 minutes each day outside in warm, sunny weather in order to feelin a positive mood. ‘The weather also plays its part in seasonal physica illnesses such as flu, sunstroke and hay fever. Different weather conditions can have benefits for more dramatic health problems. Climatotherapy is the practice of recommending different weather for specific illnesses. Glossary ‘The way our bodies react to the weather depends ‘on our age, sex and general health. One in three people ate Sensitive to changing weather and ‘women are generally more sensitive than men. So iffyou ask someone how they're feeling and they answer 'Pm feeling a bit under the weather’, then they are probably one of those people who are sensitive to the weather heatwave pour) continuous patio of very hot weather Judgement our) en option you have ater inking about someting ‘mood (oun) =the way yu fee happy 86 are) appetite cur) the feeling of wartng to ot unetroke oun) - a dangerous physical condition caused by spending to much time inthe sun hay fever (ncur)~a medic! condition cause by pole rom towers we @)Hot & Cold . 3. Use the correct form of the verbs in the box to complete the sentences. be become come improve lose ise 1 Ifthere’ a heatwave, we — tired. 2 When temperatures _., there are more accidents on the road. 3 Ifthe weather — cold, then our mood can. become darker. 4 When winter many people are affected by a condition called SAD. 5. Ifsomeone is affected by SAD, then they their appetite. 6 Ifyou spend time outdoors in good weather, then your mood 4 Answer the questions. 1 Why are there more accidents in hot weather? 2 Why do people become depressed in the winter? 3 How can people affected by SAD improve their condition? 4 What's the bese way to improve your mood in good weather? 5 What’ the name given to the practice of using the ‘weather to treat an illness? to changes, 6 Are men and women equally sensiti in the weather? 5 Complete the sentences with the idioms, a storm in a teacup raining cats and dogs save it fora rainy day snowed under take a rain check under the weather 1 [don't feel very well. I feel a bit 2. Pve got so much work. I’m completely 3. [put the money in the bank. Pm going to 4 She was angry about something stupid I said. It was 5) Tean't meet you for lunch. Let's 6 ‘The weather’ terrible. Its© Hot & Cold , Writing A resignation letter Reading 1. When people leave a job, they usually write a resignation letter. Make a list of at least four reasons why people decide to leave a job, 2 Read the letter. Is Luke’ reason for leaving the job on the list you made? Dear Mr Mancini Tm writing because I've decided to leave my job at the company at the end of next month. Afier working here for five years, its obviously been a difficult decision to make, and I'm still not absolutely sure if 'm doing the right thing. My reason for leaving is that the opportunity has come up to work on an environmental project in Alaska. As you know, I'm fascinated by how people survive in cold climates, and a chance like this may not come again. I'll initially be working as an office manager there, too, but [ hope to get involved in some of the research. Twon’t he leaving for another five weeks, but as you'll need time to find someone to take over from ‘me, I wanted to give you as much notice as possible. Hopefilly, that will allow me to give my substitute some training before I go, although unfortunately I ‘won't get to See our new offices. Td like to take this opportunity to thank you for all the support and training you've given me. Skills like touch typing, using spreadsheets and website editing will definitely be useful to me in the future. Yours sincerely, Luke Hargreaves 3. Read Luke's email again. In which paragraph does he «..? explain what his plans are ae express his gratitude to the company __ give his reason for writing talk about his leaving arrangements say how he feels about his decision Writing skills: using adverbs 4 Look at the underlined adverbs in the email. Circle the correct word to complete the rules. Most adverbs can go (1) before / fier the main verb but (2) before /afier be and auxiliary verbs. However, they go (3) before / after contracted auxiliary verbs and modals. Some adverbs can also go (4) before / after the subject at the start ofa clause. These include obviously, initially, opeflly and unfortunately. 5 Match the adverbs in the email with these words and phrases. Thope that without a doubr at first Tam sad to say that completely it is clear that Language focus: as and like 6 Find examples in the email of these different meanings of avand like. As 1 to talk about a person’ role or job: 2 co say that owo things are equal 3 to refer to what is known: 4 to give the reason for something: Like 5 to give examples: 6 to say one thing is similar to another: 7. totalk about what you want to do: 7 Choose as or like to complete the sentences. 1 As/ Like you're leaving soon, could you start clearing things out of your office? 2 Thasa job as / like a secretary before I worked here. 4, Tve never been to a cold place as/ Tike Alaska. 4 As/ Like [said in my email, I'm leaving at the end of next month. 5 Tescems as/ like a really interesting opportunity. units @)Hot & Cold Preparing to write 8 Read the Writing task below. Think about a job you do or have done, or invent one. Then make notes about why you wane to leave the job and what you would like to do instead Writing You have decided to leave your job. Write a letter of resignation to your boss in which you explain why you ‘want to leave and what your plans are. Also say why you are happy or unhappy about the time you've spent in, the job Ez ‘© 'm wilting because I've decided to ‘After working here for (five) years, it's ‘¢'m stil not sure if ‘= My reason for leaving is that © As you know, I'm ‘I hope to ‘© | won't be leaving for another (five) weeks, but / so ‘* Hopefully, that will allow me / you to *1'd like to take this opportunity to thank you for '*'d ike to tell you how ... Lam that GvGrammar 1A Present perfect and past simple Choose the correct words to complete this profile of the architect Sir Norman Foster. Building the world (One man is responsible for the design of some of the most striking structures around the world, including “The Gherkin’ building in London and the world's tallest bridge, the Millau Viaduct in France. Sir Norman Foster (1) has started / started his working life in Manchester, England, as an assistant in an architecture firm, He (2) has been / was such a talented young man that his colleagues (3) have encouraged / encouraged him to study architecture at university. He (4) has graduated / graduated from the Manchester University School of Architecture in 1961, then he (6) has won / wan a fellowship to study at the Yale Schoo! of Architecture in the USA. He (6) has set / set up his own architecture business in the 1960s and since then he (7) has dbsigned / designed airports, bridges, museums and office buildings all over the world. Many of his buildings (8) have become / became famous landmarks and he (9) has won / won many international awards and prizes {or architecture. in 2006, he (10) has joined / joined the charity Article 25 which supports building projects around the world, especially after natural disasters. Grammar 1B Present perfect and past simple Complete the conversation with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets, or a short answer. a: Hi. I don't think we (1) 8 No. My name's Erie. I work Pma geaphic artist. a» Right So how long (2) — rt be) here? 18 For about a year now. I (3) (join) the company in March last year. How about you? (ret) before. the graphies department. a1) (work) here since I left school. So how (5) (pat / Beene) a graphic art B: 1 (6) (study) art and design at college. 1 actually wanted to be a painter. I still do, in fact. T paint alot in my free time. a: Really? (7) (ou / ever /bave) an exhibition of your work? No, 18) (not hace). Not yet, anyway. Butl (9) (cell) a couple of paintings. A friend (10) (bay) one for his mother last year. -& You'll have to bring one in here to liven up the coffee room a litte! Grammar 1C Present perfect and past simple Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets so that the meaning stays the same. | bought this car five years ago. I've had this car for (have / for five years. 1 We moved to this house in 2006. We Ue / since) 2006. 2. She started doing pilates when she was a teenager: She (do /sinse) she was a teenager She started working here years ago. She (work / or) years. 4+ How long have you known Abdullah? When (meet) Abdullah? 5 Last heard from Ruby ten years ago. 1____ (not hear / for) ten years. & When did you grow a beard? How long. (have) a beard? Grammar 2A Present perfect with yet and already Put the words in the correct order. 1 lunch / you / yet / have / made 2 met / see / my brother // you've / that /already 3. yet/ they / Mirna’s / haven't/ new flat / seen 4 that book / already / you / finished / have 5, Lewis /his A levels / 16 / and / already / taken /is /he’ 6 come /has / yet / the post 7 but/we've/ made / haven't / spoken / already / yet / we /a decision ss my taxi/P'm//yer/ arrived / going to be / hasn't/ late / because unt« (39)Known & Unknown Grammar 2B Present perfect with yet and already Complete each conversation by adding yet or already in the correct place in each conversation 1: Have you bought the tickets? No, Ihaven't. But I've booked the hotel Could you hang out the washing? Tve done Bur you haven't cleaned the floors. Could you do that next? & 2 B & Lean't believe it! Have you finished the test? ‘Well, ic wasn't very difficult. 4 Just a moment. Turn over the test. You haven't done = the composition. 4% Oops! I didn’t see thar. Paula? Haven't you finished? The programme’ started. 3B OK, I'm just coming. ‘4: When did you arrive in Granada? 1; We've already been here for a couple of days. 4: Have you visited the Alhambra yet? 8: No, not, But we've seen it from the outside. Grammar 3A Modals of deduction 1 Look at the sentences in exereis box is each sentence describing? 2. Which city in the Canberra, Australia Mexico City, Mexico Moscow, Russia Pretoria, South Africa Tokyo, Japan 2. Choose the best modals to complete the deductions ‘Most people here speak Spanish. 1 Tecan’ / could be Canberra or Pretoria, 2 It may / must be Mexico City. December is one of the hottest months here. 3. Temmay /must be Pretoria 4 Te might /can’t be Moscow or Tokyo. Its not in Europe. 5. Temust / could be Pretoria or Mexico City. 6 Temight /must be Canberra. Its an Asian city. 7. Teeould / can't be Mexico City or Pretoria. 8 Tecan't /mmist be Tokyo, Grammar 3B Modals of deduction Complete the conversation with the modals in the box. Use each modal at least once. can't could may might must A: Who’ that in Mr Doyle's garden? 8: Ican’t see anybody. You (1) _____be imagining things! 4 Look! There. It's strange because Mr Doyle’ on holiday. . Well, it (2) be one of his children, I think Pye met them all. & Do you think it 3) be a friend of his? Maybe he asked a friend to water his plants. 3: T suppose it (4) bea friend of his, but I don't think itis. Pve never seen him before, Bur then 16) his fiends are! & Orhe (6) have a gardener. Its a big garden ~ maybe he decided to get some help. B No, it (7) is Mr Doyle favourite hobby. He'd never let someone else do the work. A: Well, in that case there's only one possibility lef. It (8) —_____ be an intruder. We should call the police 3: You're right. Let’ call them. possibly know who all be a gardener. Gardening Grammar 4A somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody ‘Complete the sentences with the words in the box. anybody everybody nobody somebody 1 Excuse me is. watching the TV? Tfnot, do you mind if I turn it off? 2 Could — pass me the salt, please? Tean't reach. likes Julian, He makes friends wherever he goes. 4 Ididn’t enjoy the wedding because there wasn't there that I knew. 5 Lean’ find my wallet. stolen it! — must have 2 __ showed up for the lecture. We all thought it had been cancelled. 7 For my next trick, I want you all to think of a person you know. It could be , but don't ell me their name.Known & Unknown Grammar 4B somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody Complete the emails with somebody, anybody, nobody and everybody. 10:06 Monday 18 To: Jim@agrobpop.com, Andy@agrabpop.com, Lou@agrobpop.com Subject: A favour? Hi(t) {'m working from home today, so could (2) ____ dome a favour and change the bottles on my experiment in the laboratory? It's really easy, £0 (8) ‘could do it, but it needs to be done today. When it's been done, just send me ‘an email, Also, has (4) __seen my ‘mobile? | can't find it anywhere and I think | might have left it in the office. 15:49 Monday 18 To: _Jim@agrobpop.com, Andy@agrobpop.com, Lou@agrobpop.com Re: A favour? Hiagain | haven't had an emai from (6) ___ to say that those bottles have been changed. Surely (© —_______ must have time to do it! But If ” can do it before 5 o'clock, could () ____Iet me know, as I'll then need to come in and do it myself? Also, am I right to think that (@ —______s found my mobile? Ben 08:87 Tuesday 19 To: Jim@agrobpop com, Andy@agrobpop.com, Lou@agrobpop.com Re: A favour? Hi Dia (10) yesterday? They went fo (11) ______ but “2, replied, s0 | had to come in and change the battles myself. And my mobile was right there on my desk! © read the emails I sent Bon Vocabulary 1 Adjective suffixes: -ive, -ful, -ous Complete the adjectives with the sufines~e, fil -ous or ons My father is one of three brothers, When they were young, they were very (I) competit___ and each wanted to bie the best in everything they did. As they grew up, they developed different interests, but chey were all (2) ambit____ young men and they became G) success__—in their different fields. Farag, the eldest, has always had strong views and even as a young man, he was (4) act___ in local politics. Now he’ a respected lawyer and politician, and he’s quite (6) fam___in our home city. We often joke that he’s a ‘man, but he says that he’ just an ordinary © power. family man, The middle brother, Hassan, is rather (7) myster___. Tknow he’s researcher at the university, but I don't really understand his work. He's scientist and apparently, hes very (8) imaginat____, inventing new ideas and theories. ‘Then, there's the youngest brother, my father, who’ a doctor. He’ a very skilled surgeon, but he's also kind and (9) help___. Hes tall, (10) attract___ man and hes always smiling. He makes his patients feel relaxed with his friendly, (11) humor. nature unis Ga)-4 Known &-Unknown Vocabulary 2 Expressions with what Complete the conversations with the expressions in the box. ‘sowhat what for you've what now what or what what about you're what 1: Tm going home. 2: __? But you've only just arrived! 2 A: Arewe going to have lunch together 8: OK, OK, let me just finish this email and I'll be with you. 3 A: Have you got any ideas for dad's present? some new sandals? His old ones are falling apart. Look! ‘There's a big scratch on the passenger door of ‘your new car. Reece 2 Tes only a car Greta, I've lost that book you lent me. B __? That was a copy signed by the author! OK, I’ve made a copy of all my files. 1. The next step isto reboot from the CD. 7 & P'm going to phone Roberta. B ___? You've already sent her a text message, haven't you? Vocabulary 3 Animals ‘Complete the words in these sentences. 1 Each year, scientists discover hundreds of new sof plants and animals. 2 The majority of new discoveries are inv. , such as the blue spider found in Brazil in 2012. 3. Other ins___ new to science in 2012 included a huge wasp in Indonesia that can be Sem long. 4 One study found 24 new skinks, a type of r___ rather like a lizard, in the Caribbean, (2) unis 5. It is rare to discover new m. —, but scientists have recently found a new monkey in Myanmar. 6 Many animals are under threat even as they are being discovered because their h__ is being destroyed. Vocabulary 4 Usual and unusual Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. 1 Look at this pizza. Cheese, peanuts and banana. That’ a bizarre / usual combination! 2 Frank's gor an avenge / od accent. I've never heard anything like it. It not really English, but ies not Irish either 3. There’ a fiumy / typical smell inthe fridge. Do you think some food has gone bad? 4 In India ies cammon / weird for men to have a moustache, I'd say most men have one, in fact. 5 Lucia must be really busy at the moment. es common / tnusual for her to leave work so late 6 In Spain, everyone has two surnames, whereas in English-speaking countries ies average / uncommon. 7 Rasha sent me a realy rypical / weird email this morning. Ik was in French, and I don't even speak French! 8 That pypical / uncommon of John! He’ always friendly ‘one day, and the next day he doesn’t even speak to you! 9 Lunch is at 12:30, Well, that’ the odd / usual time, sometimes its later ifthere’ a meeting. 10 You really like this book, don't you? Personally I think its very average / untsua. It sounds like twenty other books I ean think of,Known & Unknown Listening The Knowledge 1.11 Listen to the radio programme about the test for London’ black taxi drivers and decide ifthe sentences are true (T) oF false (F). 1 Ietook Rod over three years to get“The Knowledge’. 2 His wife gave birth to wiplets last year: 3 Black cab drivers need to know an area about ten kilometres across. 4 Some people learn by studying maps. 5 London black cab drivers’ brains are larger in one area. 6 Rod thinks that*The Knowledge’ will soon die out because of satellite technology Pronunciation Contrastive stress 91.12 In each sentence the speaker has stressed two words to contrast them. Listen and underline the words you think the speaker has stressed. 1 Ldon't think this bridge is ordinary at all, I think it’s unique 2 His training wasn’e easy, in fact it was very difficult 3. Prmnot talking about that engineer, 'm talking about this one. 4 Idon't just like this particalar feat of engineering, I absolutely love it! 5. Tthink his earlier projects were incredible; his later ones were actually more standard. 6 Its symmetry that stands out in these, whereas in the 's balance, 3 like Stephenson and Brunel: people often to say that they were rivals, but actually they were friends.Known & Unknown 4 Answer the questions in exercise 3. Reading d Discoveries down under 5 Find words or phrases in the article which match 1 Rearrange the leer pel! he ive world continents sees ueeinleon, Paragraph 1 1 RAAFIC to travel to a place in order to learn about it ae 4 Tong journey, especially by boat Aieerggpieiiicett an account of someone’ experiences 4 AAMIRCE ———— eee someone who goes with you ‘onto the land from a ship a drawing used for explaining something all scientists considered as a group 5 AAALISURT ——— ies daron under. Which, 2 Read the article Diserve i yur visit? continents did the Emdea®” esxion words and passin the box to Comiplete dat quariona Tee ate > Pm sneer words or phrases you do not need Fowler Howirary Hew much What When Which Who Wh [ when which Whe TON 3 Use the qu 1 “dd the Enderoour take to complete its trip? seas che eapenn ofthe ship? 2 3 we eres did the ship visit? : “Pa ahe ship arrive in Astral? + did Banks and Solander collect? LE eefeamecnd they tee Back to England? GA) uses4 Known & Unknown Discoveries down under British navy officer, Captain James Cook is famous as the first European to explore Australia, His ship, the Endeavor, left England in 1768 with a crew of 94 men, He sailed first to South America, stopping in Rio de Janciro, then sailing around Cape Horn at the southern tip of the continent. The ship stopped in Tahiti and New Zealand before it landed on the east coast of Australia on 29 April, 1770. Cook returned to England in 177 after his three-year voyage with tales from this mysterious new land, Its difficult to imagine now how strange and exciting it must be to discover a new continent full of new species of plants and animals completely unknown to science. Perhaps less well known are two of his companions on this voyage of discovery, naturalist Joseph Banks and Swedish botanist, Daniel Solander. These two men studied the new plants and animals they found when they went ashore in what is now New South Wales. In fact, they found so many new species of plants where they first landed that it was later named Botany Bay. They drew detailed illustrations, wrote pages [Glossary and pages of notes and collected ny our - he parte couty’s ered forces tat an oh at hundreds of specimens of seeds, ea plants and insects. Unsurprisingly, | erew poun)-th people who werk ona ome there was great excitement in the | natura pun) somone who tie ing thas scientific community when the men | botanist noun - someone who studies pats returned to England with over 3,000. | specimen our) an exarple of sorting, especialy a pant r plant specimens including around | snanima 1,000 previously unknown species.“4 Known & Unknown Writing Giving your news Reading 1. Read the emails and match the writers name to the shore description. 1 The writer is sharing news about his family. 2 The writer needs something from one of his friends. 3. The writer is updating people about things he’s done and people he’s seen recently. a Hiall, Have a look at these pies (attached) of our hols in Indonesia when you get a min, of Bill and the gang. Had an amazing, colourful time. My favourite's the one of the beach barbecue. Fabulous, no? Honestly, wish you had all been. there too! Sitting eating fresh fish under an Unforgettable night sky... whet more could you want? BTW, do you recognise the guy front left of picture? Bon Hallo, FY1, 'm stil working! Have you also heard the rumour that I'd left? Honestly! Anyway, am going camping this weekend and have just spent ‘two hours trying to find my tent. Have looked everywhere, including garden shed! Spare tent, anyone? Let me know ASAP if you do and will be eternally gratefull Can return it Tuesday and promise to look after it. Thanks, Sean Hiyou three, Just so you know, mum doing okay now, Thanks for your kind messages. Op was successful and she is comfy. Saw her this morning and is weak but awake. Dad and ‘Sammi with her for rest of day. James back from. Canada late tonight. Will keep you posted. LOL, Zac 2 Find the short, informal words in the messages for 1 photographs 2 a group of friends 3 aman 4 holidays 5. comfortable 6 an operation Writing words: ellipsi: Ellipsis is the practice of leaving words out of a sentence when they are not necessary for understanding it. It makes ‘written sentences similar to spoken sentences and is used a lot in short messages. 3 Look at these examples from the messages and write the complete sentences, 1 Fabulous, 2. Spare tent, anyone? 3 Can return it Tuesday and promise to look after it. 4+ Dad and Sammi with her for rest of day 5 James back from Canada late tonight. 4 Delete any unnecessary words from the sentences to make the message shorter. Try to reduce it to 30 words, so, that it looks more like a text message. Just so you know, mum doing okay now: Thanks for your kind messages. Op was successful and she is comfy. Saw her this morning and is weak but awake. Dad and Sammi with her for rest of day. James back from Canada late tonight. Will keep you posted. LOL, Language focus: abbreviations 5. Look for the abbreviations in the messages and match them with the words and phrases with the same meaning. ASAP BTW LOL FYI 1 Here’s something you should know. 2 Ona different vopic 3. Very quickly indeed 4+ With very warm regards 6 Complete the missing words in the abbreviations. 1 assoonas p—______ 2 by thew 3 lots ofL__ 4 for your i4 Known & Unknown Preparing to write 7 Read the Writing task below. Before you start writing, complete the following sentences with your own ideas. ‘Then use the completed sentences to help you plan your writing, You have some good photos of You are looking for a copy of. You have some interesting news about ‘You are thinking of getting rid of ___ and someone might want it. Writing Write four short messages using a maximum of $0 words. Include one abbreviation in each message. Choose from the options below x Does anyone ... As you can see = This isa picture of . © There'll be Had amazing time .. * Please help, unis G9)Grammar 1A Modals of obligation and permission Choose the correct modal to complete the sentences. 1 Must / May / Need Luse your mobile to make a quick call? I can't find mine. 2 Sheena des have to /can’t mst do housework any more. She jst bought a domestic robot that does it for her. 3 All visitors ned? / cam / mast have a visa. You will not be allowed into the country without one. 4 We may /needn't / need to reserve a table at the restaurant, les never full on Thursday nights 5. The US president doesn’ have to / cat / needn't be in office for more than two terms, It's prohibited by the constitution. 6 How many hours a day does profesional athlete bave to practise / may a professional athlete practise / needs @ profesional atblete to practise in order to maintain their high level of performanes 7 Mum mustn't / needs to /can work this Saturday, s0 we can’t all go away for the weekend. 8 You don’ have to / don't ned to / mustn't feed the animals ata z00!"They get ll if they eat the wrong food. Grammar 1B Modals of obligation and permission Look at the signs and complete the sentences with modals, of obligation and permission. Use contractions and a different modal for each sentence. PICNICS PERMITTED 1 You_______ have a picnic here. 2 You have a picnic here. FREE LECTURE 3 You pay to hear the lecture, 4 You____ pay to hear the lecture, 5 You pay to hear the lecture. PASSWORD NECESSARY 6 You use a password. 7 You use a password. G) units sLaw & Order NO TALKING talk in here. talk in here. s You eet Grammar 2A Past modals of obligation and permi Read the rules from a local government department. Then rewrite them using the modals in the box. have to hadto (2) allowed You may not come into this building with a bag, but you iat could couldn't vias allowed (x 2) can leave it in a locker! 10). 0 into the building with a bag, but I 2) —___ wo leave it in a locker. “You can make photocopies, but you have to pay for them.” 1) @ *You must bring your original birth certificate. We can’t rake photocopies, but I pay for them. accept a photocopy” 1(S). ‘They (6) “You don't have to hand in the completed form yourself. bring my original birth certificate. to accept @ photocopy. Someone else may do that. 10) hand in the completed form myself. Someone else (8) —____—to do that. Grammar 2B Past modals of obligation and permission ‘Complete the conversation with past models of obligation and permission, Use contractions, ‘As What the worst job you've ever had? 1, When I was at college I worked one summer as a kitchen assistant on a warship they were testing. 10) clean the kitchen and the dining area.1(2) eight hours a day — but there was nothing to do when work very long hours - only work finished. » G)—— 10 go up on deck?Law & Order & No, we (4) — ‘They sad it was too dangerous. The sailors had a room with a pool table and things, but we (5) use that. So we o— spend slept at night. Once a week the ship would go back to to spend the night L our free time where we the port and we (7) at home. What about you? As My worst job was in a factory. 1(8) work very long hours doing a very repetitive task, And 10) — to have any breaks, just twenty minutes for lunch. 18; How many hours a day (10) work? 4: Ten was the minimum. But the pay was so bad that we (11) work as much overtime as ‘we wanted, so Toften worked more than twelve hours. We (12) ___ work on Fridays because the factory was closed, but I worked six days a week. Grammar 3A Present perfect simple and continuous, for and since Put the expressions in the correct column, about five years 2006 January nearly a decade Iwas achild 5 o'clock months three years ago primary school the last three hours along time many years ‘This vase (9) bas been / bas been being in our family (10) for / since over six generations. It might look old, but as far as, know it (11) hasn't needed / hasn't been needing any major repairs (12) for / since it was made. My parents can’t stand living in the same place for too long, 80 (13) they've moved / they've been moving house at least five times (14) for /since Lwas born, (15) We've lived / We've been Tiving here (16) for /since about three months now. Grammar 3€ Present perfect simple and continuous, for and since ‘Complete the sentences with the present perfect simple or present perfect conti present perfect continuous if possible. (pay back) my student loan for more 2 Yang. (dove) collecting stamps since she was a child. 4. Where have you been? We (wait) for two hours and the food's gone cold. 4 you / read) my email? need an answer as soon as possible. s He (Cake) his driving test eight imes and he still hasn't passed it. et (vot seé) my brother since 1999, when he went to live in Australia. 7 We (believe) in UFOs ever since we Tve been studying English Pre been studying English for i since ... Grammar 3B Present perfect simple and continuous, for and since Choose the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous and fo or since to complete the texts, Choose the present perfect continuous if possible ‘My aunt Nira always studying something. (1) She dome 1 she’s been doing three Open University degrees Q) for / since she frst left university, and (3) she’ earned / be ben learning Chinese (4) for /since the last evo years (5) P've taught / Pv been teaching Physics at this school (6 for / since \ left higher education, so (7) P've bad /'ve ‘been baving the same job (8) for /since over 25 years. saw one flying over our house last summer. el (aot do) rmuch exercise since my ‘exams started. I'm too busy. Grammar 4A Separable phrasal verbs Look at the underlined sections in these sentences and decide if they are correct (7) or incorrect (X). 1 Tean’t find anything in the office, so could you tidy it , please? 2 We're going to putup some shelves in here 4 [don't know which pieces belong to which puzzle, because someone's mixed up then. 4 Without the instructions, we won't be able to put-this. able together. 5. Tfound this eurry recipe on the internet and I'm going to uy outs. 6 Tusually read stories to my kids at night, but they prefer itwhen I make shem up. es ©)5 Law & Order: . Grammar 4B Separable phrasal verbs Put the words in the correct order. 1 up/could / tidy / you / your things 2. First you put the ingredients in a bowl, mix / you/ up / then / them 3 Lets/ out / that / new restaurant / try 4 I'd never heard that joke before. it/ you / up/ make / did 5. We've all done our parts of the project. we / together / them / put /need to 6 going to / up /a wall / they're / put /around / their garden Vocabulary 1 Government collocations Match the two parts of the sentences about local and national government 1 My sister works as a civil 2 Tes the largest government 3. We had to show the town 4 Because ofall the red 5 You need to complete 6 Youhave to pay 8 ‘There are three main political Every Wednesday the prime 1 minister has to answer questions in parliament. ' hall the plans for extending our house. along form to get a parking permit. 4. department and employs thousands of people. « parties in the UK's political system, € servant in the Ministry of Defence. aheavy fine if you park without a permit. tape it took years to get building permission. Vocabulary 2 Education compound nouns Complete the education compound nouns in this description “My parents did't believe in paying for education, so my school sister and [both went to a(1)s However, we were very different. She was a good student and always got good exam (2) r. wasn’t a good student. I didn't exactly have (3) L ______, but I found studying very hard. When she left school she went straight into (4) h education and did a degree in psychology at universi 1 eft school and got a series of temporary jobs before going to a technical college to get a (5) v. 4 Tm now a qualified electrician and ake quite a good living. My sister had to take out a student (6)1 the bank a lot of money. So being a had stuclent hasn't ___ todo her degree and owes turned out so badly for me!” Vocabulary 3 Phrasal verbs with up Complete the phrasal verbs in these conversations. Ac So how do you make this soup? a First you have to (I) ingredients. They need to be in very sina pieces. And them up ina saucepan a up all the then you 2) m using a wooden spoon, ‘a And then what? a You add water and (3). Trneeds to boil for about five minutes. But I can do that. Why don't you (4) «___up the kitchen a little? Making this dish really everything up. G)m _— it up. A: Come on everybody, (6) € up! The soup will get cold if you wait too long. 1 Ie still very hot at the moment. But it tastes great a: Thanks. All we need now is some volunteers to Owe up the bowls when we've finished.Law & Order Extend your vocabulary 1 - -ics and -ology ‘Complete the table by adding the suffixes ~ix or ~ology to the words and word beginnings in the box. Use the Listening Talking about teaching © 1.13 Listen to three people talking about teaching, Which person says these things? definitions to help you. aie ek anthrop BL climat___erimin_— 1 He/She works to help electron linguist___ mathemat___polt. other people. Perec ieee ecseeeee eer 2 He/She has worked in — ‘more than four countries Subject [Definition 3, She/He enjoys meeting “The study or knowledge of .. new people i designing and building robots [> She/He wants wo finda 2 ‘numbers for calculating thing new job soon. 3 the mind and how it affects behaviour 7 Shel He warkalor ai 7 Hiving things an international s the production of electronic equipment Ee 6 human societies, customs and beliefs Es F fe He/She likes visiting 7 the practical uses of science, especially in ee icy different countries. 3 th He ad ins involvedin getting | Prgnynciation 1 9 the climate Education compound nouns 10 ‘using numbers to represent facts or describe | @ 1,14 Listen and circle which underlined word is situations stressed in the compound nouns ii crime and criminals \ ae is age aa aera 1 My-sister and T both went toa sate stl /stae ebol, 2. She always got good exam results / exams results, Extend your vocabulary 2 3. This class is intended for pupils with learning difficulties = control earning difficulties. 4 She went straight into higher education /bigher education. Ses: 5 Tthought it would be more useful to get a vacational beyond in lost outof under qualifcction / ieethrtelguilfication, A. Who's making all chat horrible noise? 1 Tes those kids over there. They were quite calm before, bout they're (1) A: They are, aren't they? But it the parents who are control now. ‘making the most noise with all that shouting. They've really (2) control. Ifyou want to be (3) ______ control of kids, you need to stay calm and not get so angey. B: [totally agree. I don’t think shouting at those kids is going to get the situation (4) control atall,Ie'l just make it worse. A. Right. And as for the litele one, his behaviour is so bad that I think he’ (9 seen such a naughty kid. control! I've never 6 Myssister had to take out a student loan / student loan. Pronunciation 2 Phrasal verbs, sentence stress (91.15 Listen to the sentences and underline the word with the main stress in each sentence, Could you tidy your things up? T’m going to heat it up. Let’ try out that new restaurant. Did you make it up? ‘Now we need to put them together. ‘Why don’t you clean the kitchen up?Law & Order: Reading The small print 1 Choose the correct answer to the question, What isthe small print? 4 Fingerprints on legal documents and identity cards '» Definitions of words in a dictionary or encyclopaedia. ¢ The text that appears at the bottom of advertisements or special offers. 2 Read The small print and check your answer to exercise 1 3. Are the sentences about small print true (7) oF false (F)? Correct the false sentences. 1 Small print is usually a different size from the main text 2 Small print usually appears on a separate page. 3. Small print often includes information that companies ‘want you to see. 4 Some companies write small print in a colour that’s difficult to read. 5 Gobbledygook is language which is easy to understand 6 ‘The Plain English Campaign fights to make language clearer, GB) vow a 4 Complete the sentences below with one of the words from the box. need don't have might must only 1 You to pay extra charges for your free fight. 2 You be over 18 and a resident of the UK to take part, 3 You'll receive your free phone iff you agree to stay with the phone company for three years. 4 You to send 30 labels to be eligible to receive a free gift s We ‘use your image in future promotions. o We have to award any prize at all. 5 Look at the example of small print and gobbledygook at the end of the article. Convert it into plain English by removing as many words as you can,5 Law & Order The small print Be honest. When you see a special offer in a newspaper or magazine, do you always read the small print? The small print is the text that usually appears at the bottom of an advertisement in very small letters, explaining the terms and conditions of the special offer or competition. ‘The small print may explain that you have to pay some extra charges for your free flight, oor that you must be over 18 and a resident of the UK to take part ina prize draw, that you'll only receive your free phone if you agree to stay with the phone company for three years, or that you need to send 30 labels from a certain product to be eligible to receive a free gift. The company might use the small print to say it can use your image in fature promotions, or that it doesn’t have to award any prize at all! Apart from being very difficult ro read because of the print size, the small print is often printed in a colour that’ difficult co see, and written ina style of English that’ very difficult to understand. Some people call this type of English gobbledygook. In Britain, the Plain English Campaign is an organisation fighting to stop gobbledygook and other confusing language on contracts, leaflets, and in advertisements. The organisation promotes the use of elear language or what they call ‘plain English’ ‘This is English that everyone should be able to understand Glossary Here's an example of small print and honest eect} tating the th gobbledygook: term oun) =the condtion you aceapt We wish to informe all our customers thas itis this charges (our) ~ an amount of meneyto pay store's policy that, in the unlikely event that a customer | stable edectve)- alowed todo someting might want to return goods that were purchased bere, | Pin fective) easly understood «a refund on those goods carmot be given without the | goods oun) Wiegs or sle customer being able to produce a valid receipt as proof’ | refund pew e money you reesive when that the goods were in fact bought at the store. ened units @)5 Law & Order Reading 1. Match the sentence halves and put the process of renewing a driving licence in order. 1 First you 2 you will be sent your new licence. 2 Next,you —_& have to pay the administration fee. 3 After that you ¢ need to get a medical certificate. 4 Finally, 4 hand in the application form. 2 Read the email and check your answers. Hi Bautista, Good to hear from you. You asked about renewing ‘your driving licence, and this is something I did recently. All the information’ on the government website, but it helps to know what to expect. ‘The first thing you need to do is get'a medical certificate. At the website there’ a list of authorised centres where they'll check your eyesight and your reactions and give you the certificate if all ‘OK. Remember to get some passport photos taken beforehand, [Next comes the bureaucratic part of the process. Whatever you do, don'tarrive long after the government offices open or you'll spend the whole ‘morning queuing. You can save time by printing cout the application form from the ministry's website before going. Otherwise you'll have to queue to get the form first. [At the offices, the first step isto pay the administration fee. My advice is to get a number for the cashier and for handing in your application at the same time. That way, you'll have a shorter wait in the second queve. ‘Once you've paid, you're ready to hand in your application. Make sure you take a photocopy of your passport in case they ask for one. They'll give you a provisional licence and your new licence will be sent to you by post about six weeks later, Thope that helps. Get back to me if anything’ unclear. Evelyn G) une eR Writing skills: explaining what to do 3 Circle ten words and expressions in the email which tell the reader the order in which things need to be done. 4. Complete the sentences from the email. Then read the email again to check your answers, 1 _______ wo get some passport photos taken beforehand. you do, don’t arrive long after they ‘open. 5 You can time by —_____ out the application form. 4 My is to geta number for the cashier: 5 Make you take a photocopy of your passport. Language focus: saying why you should do something 5, Which of the underlined words and phrases in the ‘email introduces 1 a positive consequence? 2 a negative consequence and comes at the start of a sentence? —_______ 3 a possible situation that you need to be prepared for? 4 ancgative consequence and comes in the middle of a sentence?5 Law & Order Preparing to write 6 Read the Writing task below and choose a bureaucratic process that you can give advice about. Make notes about the order in which you need to do things, and why its best to do things in that order. Writing A friend asks you for advice about doing one of the things below, or another bureaucratic process that you have done. Write an email telling him or her how to do it. * renewing a licence or permit * getting a travel visa ‘+ getting permission to do some building work = You asked about **.., butt helps to know what to expect. ‘The first step / thing you need to dois... ‘© Once you've ..., you're ready to They'll check / give you ‘I hope that helps. * Get back to me if anything's unclear. nes (48)Grammar 1A Passive voice ‘Complete the second sentence with the correct passive form of the verb in the first sentence. 1A gallery has exhibited new photographs by Lars Pietersen for the first time. New photographs by Lars Pietersen for the first time. 2. The photographer’ grandson found the photos. “The photos by the photographer's grandson 3. Someone hal kepe them in an unmarked box in the family home for over 40 years, ‘They —______in an unmarked box in the family home for over 40 years. 4 They have closed the M25 between junctions 23 and 24 due to roadworks ‘The M25 24 due to roadworks. 5. They are making repairs to the road surface after an between junctions 23 and accident. Repairs _____ to the road surface after an accident. 6 Weexpect delays for the rest of the week. Delays __ for the rest ofthis week. 7 Please wait. We are dealing with your request. Please wait. Your request 8 An error occurred while we were processing your request. Please resubmit your details [An error oceurred while your request Please resubmit your details. 9 We will send your order within 48 hours. Thank you for shopping with us Your order you for shopping with us. within 48 hours. Thank (46) une 6 Seen & Heard Grammar 1B Passive voice Choose the active or passive voice to complete the article about digital photography. Digital photography Photography (1) has revolutionised / has been revolutionised over the last two decades by tal cameras. Before the digital revolution (2) took place / was taken place, cameras were a relatively expensive piece of equipment. Films () allowed / were allowed the user to take 24 photos, and the results (4) did not see / were not ‘seen until the negatives on the film (6) made / were made into prints. This (6) generally did / was generally done by a specialised shop, unless you (7) knew / were known how to use a dark room With a digital camera, on the other hand, any photograph you take (8) displays / is displayed immediately on its screen. By the end of the 1980s, the JPEG format (@) had widely adopted / had been widely adopted, allowing image files to be compressed, for storage. In the 1990s, this led to the creation, of digital cameras that (10) marketed / were marketed as a consumer product. These were initially expensive, but their price (11) quickly came down / was quickly come down, making ‘them available to a mass market. ‘Today, digital cameras (12) find / are found on ‘most mobile phones, and (13) have made / have been made phone cameras the most common type of camera in the world. In most cases their performance is limited compared to separate ‘cameras, but they (14) will almost certainly get / wil almost certainly be got better with time. And new uses (15) are inventing / are being invented for phone cameras all the time - from capturing ‘crimes to their use as a recognition device.Seen & Heard Grammar 1C Passive voice Complete the conversation with the correct active or passive form of the verbs in brackets, & So, what do you think of the exhibition? 's OK. But at the end of the day they're just photos. Its what we (1) (ce) in magazines every day, except that when its in a gallery, ic @ (consider) art That’ a little unfair. These photos (3) (take) by a real artist in 1982. They (4) (express) something. Look at this one of the soldier, for instance. I think this one (5) (include) in the exhibition because it somehow O) (tell) us what's going on in the soldier's head. Hee (7) (attack) by the ‘enemy at the time, and you can see just how terrifying the situation was 8. Maybe, but compare a photographer with an archer. You can’t be a top archer unless you ® ()____ (practise) for years. But anyone can pick up a camera and take a photo. You an) {just need) to be in the right place at the right time to take a good one (teach) how to shoot, and Grammar 2A Articles Decide if the articles « and the in this encyclopaedia entry about optical illusions are correct (¥) or incorrect (X). (1) An optical illusion is also called (2) the visual illusion, and (3) the three rain types of illusion are literal, physiological and cognitive. In (4) a literal illusion, our brain ereates a shape, for example, that is different from (3) a one that (6) the eye sees. In (7) physiological illusion, (8) the brain receives an excess of stimulation of ‘one type. Cognitive illusions result from our assumptions about (9) a world. One of (10) a most famous cognitive illusions is (11) the Rubin Vase (pictured above). This (12) a black and white picture, and in (13) a picture there’ (14) a white vase on (15) the black background. However, depending how you see it, (16) the picture could also be of two heads looking at each other. LV/K 5S IK 9 wIK VIX 2V/IK 6 VIX wie use BVM 7 VIX IK os IK AIK 8 VIK VIR we VIR Grammar 2B Articles Choose a, an or the to complete this article about follies. ()A/An / The folly is (2) a /an /the building that was made primarily for decoration, so (3) a /an / the building doesn’t usually have (4) a /an / the real fanction. (5) A /An / The first follies date back to (6) @/an / the 16% century, and were built to decorate (7) a /an / the gardens of large houses. In England and Franee, such gardens sometimes had (8) « / am / the Roman-style building in them, (9) A /An / The building was built to symbolise classical ideals. (10) A /An /The Chinese-style building, (11) @/ an / the Egyptian pyramid or (12) a /an / the castle ‘were other popular examples. Some were even built to Took like (13) a / an / the ruins of (14) a /an /the ancient building. Follies can be found around (15) a / an / the world, but Great Britain has some of (16) a /an /the most famous ones. wm @®6 Seen & Heard. EEE Grammar 3A Reported statements and questions Complete the reported statements and questions with the correct form of the verb used in the direct speech. 1 ‘Tmet an old acquaintance on the train yesterday John told me he __— an old acquaintance con the train the day before. 2 ‘What time is it?” Lasked him. “He asked him what time it 3 Tm not wearing a watch, he said. He told him he 4. ‘Have [seen you somewhere before? Tasked him. He asked him ithe somewhere before. 5 ‘We met ata wedding a ong time ago, he said He said that they ata wedding a long time ago. a watch, him 6 ‘Tcan’t remember your name,’ Isai He told him that he his name. remember 7. ‘Are you going to get this train tomorrow?" I asked him. He asked him ihe that train the next dy. 8 ‘Tdon’t know; he said, He said that he 9 ‘IFT see him I'l say hello, T said. He told me that if he saw him he hello. @ uns Grammar 3B Reported statements and questions Complete the reported questions and answers from a street survey. Remember to change the verb tense and also references to people. Do you live here? When did you arrive? What programme are you going to watch? Where are you going afterwards? Is that because you're tired? 1 She asked them if, there. 2 She asked them when 3 She asked them what 4 She asked them where next. 5 She asked them if that _______— tired. Its our first visit to this city We got here yesterday. We want to watch the programme. We'll probably go back to our hotel. 10 We've got an early start tomorrow. ‘They said that ____first visit to that city ‘They said that there the day before, the programme. hotel. 6 8 They said that. 9 They said that 10 They said that an early start the next day,Seen &.Heard Grammar 4A Reported requests and commands ut the words in the correct order. 1 to/ told /he/ me / meet fin a café / him 2 any photos / not to / they / take / asked / 3 him /T/ told / quiedy / talk / to 4 asked / the password / tell him / he / you / to 5 running / the police / to / them / stop / told 6 not to/ shoot / the suspects / asked / them 7. show / to / an officer / their identity / asked / to the police / them 8 their car/ the suspeets/ they / to / told / into/ get Grammar 4B Reported requests and commands Complete the reported requests and commands for the situations. Use pronouns where possible, and remember to change pronouns and time phrases if necessary. 1 A female librarian to some students: She told___to 2 Some tourists to a local ma photo, please?” top talking!” ‘ould you take our ‘They asked ____ to__ photo. 3A female scientist to a robot: ‘Stand up!” ed ee eg 4 Aman to another man: ‘Could you phone me tomorrow?” He wo 5 Awoman to her female colleague: ‘me with the accounts?” She to the accounts. 6 A father to his son: “Explain what happened yesterday.” He ao Vocabulary 1 take Complete the conversation with the words in the box. ‘You do not need to use all the words. anexam sugar ashower responsiblity a taxi the metro anap control anaspirn photo awak power as What was that? ws: You've hita parked car, 4s Quick, lets go before someone sees us. 3. Dad, I think you should take (1) ______ for the accident. Leave a note with your contact details, and take @) of the situation too, so you have evidence of what happened. a But we haven't got time. The university’ kilometre away and you need to take (3) in 20 minutes! 3B: Don't worry. Pll take (4) ifTean find one. And if not Pll walk. There's stil time. a: OK, Have you taken (5) for that headache? Yes, don’t worry. 4: And do you need a coffee? You were up late studying. Dad, I'm fine. [took (6) I don't feel tired now. OK, good luck then, : You too! after lunch soSeen & Heard. Vocabulary 2 Colours and shapes Complete the shapes and colours in the descriptions. ‘Two-dimensional shapes A (1)s___ isa two-dimensional shape that has four straight sides of equal length that are perpendicular (at 90%) to each other where they join. Ifthe four lines are not perpendicular to each other, the shape isa@yd A two-dimensional shape that has three straight sides is called a (3) t______ A two-dimensional shape that is round and formed by a continuous line that is the same distance from the centre at every point is a (4) c____.A shape that is like a(5)c___ buts long and narrow is called an (yo. ‘Three-dimensional shapes A@e is an object like a box that has six sides that are the same size in the form of a square. A@®p. __is a three-dimensional object that has a square at the bottom, and four sides in the form of a triangle. A () isan object in the shape of a tube, with a circle at both ends. Flags ‘The US flag has red and white stripes on itand a (10) d____ blue (11) r —____ top left-hand corner with fifty white (12) s on it. The flag of Spain has two horizontal red stripes with a (13) b yellow stripe in the middle, “The flag of Niger has an orange stripe at the top, a white one in the middle and a (14) 1 green one at the bottom. The flag of Guatemala has two (5)p. blue vertical stripes with a white stripe in the in the iddle. Vocabulary 3 Ways of speaking ‘Complete the conversations with the correct form of the verbs in the box. Use each verb once only. discuss chat sigh beg demand groan mumble shout whisper eavesdrop argue A: What's happening over there? They're (1) —__—so loudly at each other! i There's been an accident and those two are Q)______ aout whose fault it is. Both of them are (3) _— that the other one pays: for the damage to their car A: Well, I don’t know why they ca (4) —___ things cally. It giving me a headache listening to them, just You see that man over there? I think he’ 6) looking at us and then writing something in a notebook. Really? Maybe we should (6) ‘That way, he won't be able to hear ws. oon our conversation. He keeps &: Did you go and see your tenant, Mr Michel? 18 did, When T asked him about his problems with the neighbours, he didn’t say anything at first, he just (7) and looked tired. Then he started (8) about how much he hated living in the flat. At the end of the conversation he (2) _____ something about the police, but I couldn’ understand what he was saying. ‘A [hear you've got a new job in Australia, How exciting! Yes, it was a difficult decision to leave my job here, but itt such a great opportunity Theard that your boss (10) xB No, not really. Yes, he was disappointed when I told him, but we (11) about it and he understands my reasons, you to stay!Seen & Heard Vocabulary 4 Electronic equipment Pu the letters in the correct order to make the name of the object in each description. 1 Mobiles and laptops both use a abertty for power when they're not plugged into an electricity supply. 2 Most electronic equipment comes with atleast one abeel that allows it to send and receive electronic signals or connect with an electricity supply. 3 People wear adechhnops _ over or in their cars so that they can listen to something without other people hearing it. 4 Aacekprs: makes it possible for anyone who is near it to hear the sound from a TV set, radio or laptop. 5 Acehimnoopr electrical signals, allowing it to be amplified, recorded or listened to in another place ‘turns your voice into Extend your vocabulary - listen and hear ‘Choose the correct option to complete the conversation 4: Hey, Monica! I (1) listen / bear you're going to have a baby. Congratulations! Who told you that? Ies meant to be a secret “To be honest, nobody really told me.I (2) listened t0/ verbeant iin a conversation. 1; Do you alvways (3) listen 0 / ear other peoples No, but I was having lunch in the canteen and I (@) heard / stened to your name and the word ‘baby’, and then I (5) listened / beard harder to see what the people were talking about. i: Well, please keep it to yourself. T don’t want everyone to (6) bear / listen about it. You can tell Helen if you like, but make sure nobody's (7) listening / Bearing when you do! & OK! Listening Driving distractions 1.16 Listen toa conversation between Tom and Archie ina car and choose the correct options to complete the sentences. 1 Tomis talking about a news item he read in a newspaper / beard on the radio / sxe on television, 2. Te-was an interview with someone from rhe Ministry of Transport /a driving organisation /a car manufacturer. 3. According to the survey, more than balf the people imerviewe /balf the people interviewed / four in ten people believe talking on the phone is a distraction for drivers. 4 Tom chinks it interesting that drivers /cildren /pasengers shouldn't make phone calls while the 5 We discover that Archie was taking to his bss /a friend bis motber on the phone. 6 Atthe end of the conversation, Archie tells Tom to drive carefully / mind bis ozon business / stop tbe car Pronunciation the (1.17 Listen to the sentences and choose the correct pronunciation of the ‘Strong | Weak form | form 1 Scientists became interested in [igi [gay ‘optical illusions in the 19" century. 2 The three main types ofillusion are [75.7 | gay literal, physiological and cognitive. 3 Our brain creates a shape that the [73.7 [gay eye doesn’t see. 4 The effect can be quite ren) | ar extraordinary. 5 For example, the image can ji! |e! alternate between being a rabbit or a duck. 6 Some illusions show us one thing [735.7 | g/ a picture, while somone else sees something entirely different in the same picture, 7 For unknown reasons, some people [7ai.; | /gq/ find ic extremely difficult to see the illusions, 8 MC Escher’ workis so good that [igi.y | /ggy for many people he is the person they associate with optical illusions. unte (61) 7