 Roll No: 90110-221022

 Mam Mariam BiBi.

 Lecture No 04
 It is also known as the “Age of transition”, due to
the precursors of romantic revival.
 The later half of 18th century which was dominated
by Dr.Samuel Johnson is called the Age of Johnson.
 He died in 1784 and from that time classical spirit
gave place to Romantic spirit which was officially
started in year 1798 when Wordsworth and
Coleridge published “lyrical Ballads”.
 Even the age of Johnson which was predominantly
classical but the cracks had begun to appear in
solid wall of classicism and there was a favour of
Romantic spirit.
 Classical Spirit
1) Dr.Johnson:
 He was the most famous writer of this age due him
this age is called age of Johnson.
 His most famous works are “London” and “vanity of
human wishes”.
2) Gold smith
 He was also the a poet of this age.
 His most known works are : “The Traveller” and “The
Deserted Village”.
 These works or poems of them were written on
classical spirit like didacticism, closed couplet,
Pompous phraseology.
 The poets of Age of Johnson broke the classical
tradition and followed the new romantic trends.
 CLASSICISM Romanticism
1) The literary works based 1. It encouraged emotions
upon intelligence. passion and imaginations.
2) It was chiefly the town 2. It was more interested in
poetry. nature and rustic life than
3) Its style was formal and town life.
artificial. 3. It insisted on simple and
4) It was fundamentally natural expression.
didactic or moral. 4. Its object was didactic but
5) It insisted on following rules the expression of the
and imitation of classical writer’s experience for it’s
writers. own sake.
6) It was written in closed 5. It believed in the liberty of
couplet. poet to choose the theme
and manner of his writing.
7) It had no love for mysterious
the super natural or what 6. It attacked the supremacy of
belonged to dim past. closed couplet and
encourage all sorts of
metrical experiment.
7. Love for mysterious the
super natural or the dim
past.
 James Thomas
“the season” , “The castle of indolence”.
 Thomas Gray
“Elegy written in country churchyard” ,
“the progress of poesy & The Bards”.
 William Collins
“To Simplicity” , “To Fear” , “To the
passions”.
 James Macpherson
“Works of Ossian”
 William Blake
“Songs of Innocence and songs of
Experience”.
 Robert Burns
“To a Mouse” , “To a Mountain Daisy” ,
“Man was made to Mourne”.
 George Carbbe
“The task” , “On the Receipt of my
mother’s picture”
 William Couper
“The Village” , “ Tales in Verse” and
“Tales of the hall”.
 Thomas Chatterton
“The Rowley Poems”.
 In the age of Johnson the tradition
established by the prose writer of 18th
century Addison Swift and Steele was carried
further.
 The 18th century is also called Aristocracy.
 This Aristocracy can be seen in the intellect
of the society which observed certain rules
of behaviours speech and writing.
 He was literary dictator
 Thought not its greatest writer
 His best known works are; “Dictionary” , “Lives of
poet”
 He also contributed in number of articles in
periodical “the Rambler”

 He was the most important member of J.Circle.

 He was the member of parliament for 30 years
and make his marks as effective orator. “ Thought
on the present Discontent”
 He was the 1st historian of England who
wrote in literary manner.
 “the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”.
 It is a well-documented history.

 Other kinds of writing which began to grow in

18th century were diaries and litters.
 Lady Mary wortley Montagu’s and Lord
chesterfield’s letters were famous.
 The Diaries of Samuel Pepys were famous.
 By Abdul
Basit.
• Mam
Mariyam
BiBi