2. (@)_Figure 2 shows the structure of the human eye. Label the parts numbered 1 to 6 on the diagram in Figure 2. (6 marks) Figure 2. A section through the human eye (b) The rods and cones are specialised cells of the retina which are stimulated by light. What biological term describes such cells? (mark) (©) Severe lack of Vitamin A can result in the comea of the eye becoming dry and thickened, Explain how this condition would affect a person’s ability to see. (@ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/F 2009she @ —— @_ Diagrams C and D in Figure 3 show two common eye defects, while Diagrams 7, 8 and 9 show three types of lenses that can be used to correct eye defects. c E } D Figure 3. Common eye defects and corrective lenses Identify the eye defects and the lenses in Figure 3 that can be used to correct the defects. Diagram C Eye defect: Corrective lens: (4 marks) (ii) Sometimes contact lenses are used to correct eye defects. Suggest TWO Precautions one should take when using contact lenses, (@ marks) ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/F 2009212 5. (@)_—@)_ With the aid of a diagram, describe how a nerve cell is adapted to carry out its function, (6 marks) (ii) Suggest how loss of nerve cells from the brain may lead to loss of memory. (2 marks) (b) Discuss the abuse of alcohol in humans. In your answer, identify THREE effects caused by the action of alcohol on the brain, and suggest TWO social and TWO economic consequences of alcohol abuse on society. (7 marks) ‘Total 15 marks Space for diagram GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (01207020/JANUARY 2013“1B Write your answer to Question 5 here. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (01207020/JANUARY 2013oth plants and animals respond to stimuli (a) Figure 2 is a diagram of the human eye. igure 2. A section through the human eye On Figure 2, write the name of the part and use a label line to identify EACH of the following parts of the eye ( (ii) The elly-like substance that keeps the eye in shape )) The light sensitive layer ii) Carries nerve impulses to the brain (iv) Controls the shape of the lens (4 marks) (b) Statements A and below describe two different examples of plant movement. A, The roots of seedlings grow downwards in the soil, The shoots of cucumber seedlings grow towards light coming through an open window. (i) Name the stimulus for EACH set of seedlings. Seedlings in A Seedlings in @ marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/F 2013,(i) Name the hormone responsible for the response of the cucumber seedlings in (mark) ii) Suggest how the types of movement described in Aand may be useful to the seedlings. A (@ marks) (©) Certain soil invertebrates show a marked response to moisture. Describe ONE similarity and ONE difference between the response of soil invertebrates and the response of the cucumber seedlings in Similarity Difference marks) (Outline T © ways in which the nervous system funetions differently from the endocrine system in humans. 2 marks) ‘Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/F 2013,2. (a)_ Figure 2 shows a vertical section through mammalian skin. RRP ROPER EEF Figure 2, Vertical section through mammalian skin (i) Name the structures labelled A, B, C and D shown in Figure 2. A B c D (marks) Gi) Melanin is a pigment that protects the skin from damage by UV light, Which structure in Figure 2 has the LARGEST quantities of this pigment? (mark) (e) _Albinism is characterized by a lack of melanin in the skin. A person with an albino phenotype has genotype, aa. (i) State what is meant by EACH of the following terms a) Allele GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (01207020/JANUARY/F 2014-15- (2) Drawa clearly labelled diagram to show the internal structure of human skin. Space for diagram for (a) (S marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020JANUARY/F 2015 0120702017” -16- A biologist travels to the Sahara desert to study its organisms. Daytime temperatures in the desert are very high and night-time temperatures are very low. (Explain how the biologist’s skin allowed him to maintain a relatively normal body temperature during his first day and night in the desert. In your answer, state the term used to describe the maintenance of a constant body temperature, (7 marks) Gi) Suggest TWO ways the biologist could modify his behavior during the day, and ONE way during the night, to help regulate his body temperature in the desert. “@maris) Total 15 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020JANUARY/F 2015 0120702018-12- ‘The central nervous system coordinates the link between stimuli and responses. (@) Make a labelled diagram ofa horizontal section through the human eye and descr the eye enables us to see. 1¢ how (6 marks) Space for diagram 01207020/F 2015, 0120702014 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE DO NOTWRITE IN THIS AREA, DONOT WRITE IN TUS ARES DONQTBRITEAN THIS AREA:-12- (@) Define EACH of the following terms: @ a Gi) Stimulus Receptor. Effector (mark) (mark) (mark) (6) Figure 1 is a diagram of a section through the buman eye. o iy 01207020/F 2016 Figure 1. Section through the human eye Label EACH of the following parts of the eye on Figure 1 Pupil Ciliary muscles Retina Optic nerve Why is X called the ‘blind spot"? (4 marks) (mark) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE Barcode Area Sequential Bar Code DONOT WRITE IN US ARES PIS ARE, DO NOT WRITE) DONQTWRITEAN THIS AREA:DO NOT MRTEIN THISAREA BONOT WRIPE IN US Ai DONOE WRITE IN THIS AREA -13- (©) Aboy looks up from reading his book to see a helicopter flying in the distance. Account for the changes that would occur in the lens of both of his eyes to enable him to see the helicopter. G marks) (@) Figure 2 shows two eyes labelled A and B, under two different light conditions, A B Figure 2. Eyes under different light conditions Which of the eyes in Figure 2, A or B, shows the appearance of an eye exposed to dim light? Explain your answer. G marks) (©) Whyis it important for the eye to respond when exposed to very bright light? (1 mark) ‘Total 1S marks [0 THE NEXT PAGE 01207020/F 2016 Barcode Area Sequential Bar Code-12- SECTION B Write y the spaces provided in this booklet. 2 = ©) @__ Explain how structures in the human eye control the amount of fight that enters. gt theeye = = : Ss 2 a8 S = : i = ee (4 marks) DONQTWRITEAN THIS AREA: GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 012070201 2017 Barcode Are Sequential Bar CodeDO NOT MRTEIN THISAREA BONOT WRIPE IN US Ai DONOE WRITE IN THIS AREA «a 01207020/F 2017 -13- Jenny enters a dimly lit room and cannot see the colours of the furniture until the lights are switched on. Explain how Jenny is able to discem objects in the dimly lit room but cannot see the colours until the lights are switched on. (S marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE Barcode Area Sequential Bar CodeDO NOT HRT IN THISAREA BONOT WRIPE IN FAS (iy DONOL WRITE IN THIS AREA -17- SECTION B Answer ALL questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. (@) With the aid of a diagram of a reflex are, describe the response of an individual whose skin suddenly comes into contact with a hot surface. Diagram of a reflex are Description (6 marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 01207020ANUARY 2018 Barcode Area Sequential Bar Code<8. (®) The skin plays a role in maintaining a constant body temperature. Explain the skin’s role in the reduction of internal body temperature, and suggest ONE reason why the internal body temperature should be kept constant. Role Reason: 01207020ANUARY 2018 (S marks) GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE Barcode Area Sequential Bar Code DONOT WRITE IN US ARES SDD NOE WRITE IN FHIS ARES: DONQTWRITEAN THIS AREA: