Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM Plastics Sectional Committee, CDG 17 Chairman De K. J. Baaxmsisa Ministry of Defence (R&D) Garware Plastics Pvt Lud, Bombay Polyolfins Induseies Lad, Bombay National’ Test House, Caleutea State Trading Corporatio of India Ltd, New Delhi Indian Plastics Led, Bombay Natignal | Organic Chemizal Industries Ltd, ‘Bombay, ‘Sunn A. E. Laniasnoy Dg B. S. Movise (dltenate) Sunt 3. Neem cali Bombay” Dp BR. C. Anan (dla) ‘Swan K. Mfomares Bharat Heavy Eleeticals Ltd, Bhopal (Cosine on page 2) red under the Indian Copyr in part by any means except ‘Bbher Sul be deemed vo be an itragment of copyegit under the sidIS : 7888-1976 Rereseing Direclorate General of Technical Development, a N U-Posm Prociets Pvt Lid, Hyderabad ‘Sheela Foarn Pot Lad, New Debi Indian Standard METHODS OF TEST FOR FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAM 0. FOREWORD cd by the Indian Standards Institution had been approved by the Che Council. following publications: Pritfang von Schaumstoffen; Bestimmung der (Testing of cellular materials; Determination of gross Deutscher Normenausschuss, Berlin Priifung Weich— Elastischer Schaumstoffe;Dauer= ch mit Konstanter Bela lar materials; Dynamic the indentation pulsation range with constant load amplitude). Deuescher Normenausschuss, Berlin yon Weichelastchen Schaumsofen; Eindrlickharten Eindriickhirte A, Eindrii ling test for. Ameri 3lard prescribes th pling and test for flexible foam known as cellular foam. 2, TERMINOLOGY 2.0 Fe the purpose of thi sity — The mass per unit volume of the foam specimen at 272°C. ‘expressed in kgm’. 24 Tensile Strength — The stress at the breaking point of a specimen expressed in kgffemt 2.5 Tensile Stress — The stress at predetermined elongation of a specimen expressed in kgf ion (Elongation at Break) — The percentage shed to its breaking point, ead (at) per unt area of chmprenion (one). Hardnessuber at on Bh (ca detccion on a speelteticknes of sample's ako rele ashaees index 2 Lond Quotient —I isthe rato of han misiber a 0 speied Mccton, famely, 6 percent and 29 pero 3, DETERMINATION OF LINEAR DIMENSIONS: 3.1 Apparatus jear dimensions below 100 mm are measured foot operating c) Metallic spacr 2 oe not eryer the ranged bo 100 sam ‘The instrument should be capable of being operated within an accuracy of -El percent of the dimension to be measured. graduated dial P79 t 1S : 7888-1976 3.1.2 For dimensions greater than 100 mm vernier calipers or steel tape should be used so as to permit measurements with an accuracy of --1 percent of the dimension to be measured. from the foam slab cured for for 6 hours at 27 + 2°Gand at The specimen shall be free 65 + 5 percent relative humidity befor from skin and other surface defects. specimen. 3.3.2 Measurement Above 100 mm Linear Dimension — Place the specimen ‘and measure the dimension with vernier caliper or steel tape thrice for every specimen. the average of the measurements in each direction. 4, DETERMINATION OF DENSITY 4.1 Apparatus 4.1.1 Soft material thickness gauge for measurement of linear dimension ‘up to 100 mm with an accuracy of one percent. 4.1.2 Balance — Capable of weighing the ‘one percent of the total mass. 4.2 Test Specimen — Obtain test specimens, of regular shape not less ‘mi, one each from top, middle and bottom portions direction of rise of foam, cured for 48 hours the specimens for 6 hours at 27 + 2°G and ty before testing. 4.3 Number of Specimens — Unless otherwise specified three specimens pecimen to an accuracy of shall be tested. 44 Procedure — Determine the linear dimensions ag described in 3.3. ‘Weigh the specimens on a balance with an accuracy of one percent of the total mass. 45 Calculation Density (pa), kglm* = x 1000 where ‘m = mass of specimen in g, and » = volume of the specimen in em?,IS + 7888-1976 4.6 Report the mean density of the three specimens tested. 5. TENSION TEST 5.1 Apparatus —The apparatus consists of a power driven machine (meditim load tensile tester) with the following provisions: indicator which remains at the point of maxim ‘afier rupture of the specimen and measures the tension a point, ) Suitable grips for holding the specimen, ©) Rate of travel of power actuated grip shall be 500 zt 50 mm per ‘minute and uniform at all times, and 4) The total capacity of the tester be such that the ultimate Toad is at Teast oneshith of the (otal eapacity of the machine. 52 Te ape of a dumb-bell s £10 or 20 mm ‘thickness. 1 direction of the rise of the foam with the help of ‘at room temperature for 48 hour and 65 + 5 percent relative humid All dimensions in millimetres, Fie. 1 Duwe-Bett Tssr Piece 5.3 Number of Specimens —Three specimens shall be tested. 5.4 Procedure 5.4.1 Determine the thickness and width of the specimen accurately by 1S : 7888 - 1976 meats of described in 3. Make eparation cally over the te specimen 5 dhe sension appl jously the distance bet rupture, Note the loa 5.5 Calculation and Reporting 5.5.1 Tensile strength (B), ks where eemne = force a ‘4 = original cross 5.5.2 Tensile Stress Tensile stress (01), kel where ": — force at specified elongation in kgf, and A= original cross-sectional area in cm*, 5.5.3. Ultimate Elongation (Elongation a Break) Ultimate elongation «4, percent = 24°, 100 “tp = length between the gauge marks in mm at the time of failure, ane 1g = original length between the gauge marks in mm. 5.54 Report the averages of the three specimen tested. INDENTATION LOAD DEFLECTION TEST measuring, deflected at a fixed spe “025 mm, The base of the apparatus petlorations for a rapid escape of air during the 7IS : 7888-1976 6.2 Test Specimen — Cut the specimen from cured at room temperature for 48 hours. shall be not less than 380380 50 mm with the rise of foam so that the stress placed is pa specimen for 6 hours at 27 -2°C and before testing. | Samples of less than this together to reach as ntar the standard 2 rise of foam. Condition th 65 +5 percent relative humi standard thickness shall be pl thickness as possible. 6.3 Procedure 6.3.1 Preesing of Te Sprin — Carry ov preflesing of tet specimen socal nea peret e88 fy to produce an fe and raise the indentor rapidly until clear of the the deflection for I mi .. Increase the deflection to 63 percent of and maintain for 30 seconds. Measure the load and then remove the load clear of the test piece. When hardness number is to be determined at 40 or 50 percent, swing procedure shall be followed: the selected area and measure the exact thick- test piece by means of the indentor at of 70 percent ofthe thickness te one minute a Hold ‘Then compress agai under load to produce 40 or 50 percent deflection. Note. the load after maintaining at 40 or 50 percent deflection for 30 seconds, Raise the indentor clear of the test piece. 6.4 Calculation and Reporting Hardness mumber, 25 percent = Compressive stress at 25. percent deflection, __ Load at 25 percent deflection 323 om? > la IS : 7888-1976 Hardness rtumber, 65 percent. = Compressive stress at 65 percent deflection _ Load at 65 percent deflection i Ry aera ee fe stress at 40 percent Hardness number, 40 percent. = Compr percent deflection 325 om? Hardness number, 80 percent — Compressive sures at 50 percent ction _ Load at 50 percent deflection Bi ao __ Hardness No., 65 percent Load quotient umber 25 percent, 40 pee HO pereat, $0 percent ane vals, respectively. 7. SHEAR FATIGUE TEST 74 Apparatus — "The apparatus consists of the 2) A perforated moving platform (perfora, diameter bolt at 18 Lam extn distance ) Provision for movement of the platform at the rate of, 28 cycles per minute and stroke length of 380 mm; roent and 65 perce ‘evtent indent! fod 2) ig the test specimen so. 7.2 Test Specimen — Cut a test speci thickness (preferably 50 mm) from a fe ofrise of foam so that the stress applied is paral foam, Condition the testspecimen at 27 - 2°C and humidity for 6 hours belore testing, 7.3 Procedure indentation load defle Place the specimen een ‘means of double sided adhesive tape, Bri 9 down the roller on t0 the e@1S : 7888-1976 ‘Feiner aoa defection of ec ai ina thickness. Switch on the machine and keep the specimen under the stave conditions for 20000 eyees (40 000 flex) at the specifed frequency athe ‘movement of the table and stoke Teng: m— Subject the 5 3s described in 63 and no the specimen centrally on the perforated ba cans OF double sided adhesive tape. Bring ication of necessary load 0 SW on the/ machine and keep tho feces 1000 cycle (40 000 fen) at the speclbed fre- care quency of the movement of 7.3.3 In both the above conditiom of test, allow a recovery period of 30 + 10 minutes after 20 000 cyeles and perform the indentation load deflec- tion test as described in 6.3 and note the readings. 74 Calculation and Reporting Lomky 7.4.1 Percentage losin load defection (F,) = A741 100 where Lo = original load deflection value, and oly = final load deflection value. 742 Percentage loss in thickness (Fy) = where fy = original speci 5 — Percentage lw of Joad deflection tos in thik sss than 10 percent |. JOMPRESSION SET TEST consists of maintaining the foam specimen under -mperature and observing the degree of recovery aller rel 8.1 Apparatus — The appara ‘with apy spacers and. when clamped with specimen 8.2 Test Specimen — Cut the test specimen from a foam slab which of 200 x 200mm, to cach other 19 IS : 7888-1976 Gent specimens of 50 50 mim shall be nest bere compreson sa eat 23 mn The specimens notographic glasr-mountn un toy and. th Seembly shall be nthe estspecimens at 27 £-2°C and 65 + 5 percent elatve yor. hows befre testing. A iinimum ef 3 specimens shal be tested fr 50 or 75 percent compretion of thickness, In special cases compression of 90 pescent may be agreed upon. 8.3 Procedure — A soft material dial thickness gauge is sed for measuring q the thickness of the specimen, In case of thin pie calculate the thick- hess of the foam from the measured total then be put between the 50 percent deflection. ‘The whole Tessured again with the soft material dial thickness gauge. ‘The same procedure i followed for 75.0 90 percent deflection. 8.4 Caleulation and Reporting Compression set at the rate of 50 percent deflection = 4H <100 Compression set at the rate of 75 percent deflection = oe ‘Compreidion set at the rate of 90 percent deflection = fone x 100 Pr iy — original height of the specimen in mm, of the specimen in mm after 90 percent deflec~ 8.4.1 Average of the values obtained from the three samples tested shall be feporied. 7,IS + 7888-1976 9, HUMIDITY AGEING TEST 9.0 General —T! is the effect on the pk 9.1 Test Specimen — ‘The number, size and shape of test specimens shall bbe appropriate to the property being examined and shall be prepared before the test. ‘out of the opening. B hours. After the expiry of the remove the specimen. Dry at 70 ++ ws per 25 mm of thick 10, HEAT AGEING TEST 10.0 General — The test consists of subjecting the test specimen to dry heat and observing the effect on its physi 10,1 Test Specimens — same as in 9. 10.2 Procedure — The test specimens s afier manufacture, Condition the speci Fi. 2 Gawerat ARRANGEMENT oF Feauwastiity Test Apparatus supported at its comers so that its major plane is at an the Heniontal, ‘The supports shall consist of four legs we conditioned specimen the change from those of unaged specimens., 11. TEST FOR FLAMMABILITY 11.1 Apparatus‘All dimensions io millimetres Mio. 3 Meran Fra. anp Wine Grip ror FLansasurry ‘Test APPARATUS of the cup shall be 25 mm below the centre (227 mm above the surface of the asbestos covering the baseof the appara) elevation of the apparatus is shown in Fig. 4. ‘The apparans shall be used in & room or enclosure fee from that the progress of the test may be observed, 11.2 Reagent 1121 Absolute Alcohol — conforming to 1S ; 821-1964. 11.3 Test Specimen — The specimens shall be 150 mm square, cut from ‘Specteatian fr abla alcool rs). 4 over surface of the sample ( a METAL CUPS, \ ASBESTOS BOARD ASBESTOS 71S : 7888 - 1976 second quantity of 03 ml of alcohol sl specimen shall be placed on the support(s).. The second TABLE 1 SCALE OF SAMPLING «as before, 90-415 seconds after th (Glaue 12.2) hen the alcohol has bi af & wah ae =o more wo 5 cae ss ie Daa ie cage Lott ae »” 12.3 Number of Tests and Criteria for Conformity ‘The foam product ied according to 12,2 shall be examined rd densi mn, compression se Required number mthods shall be eut from the 8) glowing does not continue for more than 5 seconds after the alcohol has burt out; (.€,S0 Seas, foam products selected under 12.2 by any material that dropped from the specimen docs not 12.32 The lot shall be declared as conforming to the requirements of the continue to burn after reaching the base of the apparatus; and. Spedifcation ifno failure ocours under 12.8.1. i 12. SCALE OF SAMPLING “ 12.1 Lot —Polyurethane foam products like 1 sam ie grade and produced from si >) shal be grouped together bbe in accordance 12.2.1. These foam products shall be selected at random and in order to censure the randomness of selection, procedures given in IS : 4905-1969* may be followed. Wilehods fr random sampling,