Ref No: PE – GT – 42 – 23

Date: 04 – Mar – 2023

Client: MR. RANA KHALID MEHMOOD

SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION

OF
SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AT PLOT NO 58-A, HASHMI
GARDENS, ESTATE HOUSING SCHEME, MOUZA DERA IZZAT
BAHAWALPUR

Site Explored & Report Prepared By

Office No. 1&2, Street No 18, Opp Fatima Masjid, Shams Colony, Sector H-13,
Islamabad
Contacts: 0092 306 5097563, 0092 312 5070208
Email: productivengineers@gmail.com
WE AIM TO SATISFY OUR CLIENTS BY PROVIDING
QUALITY WORK ACCORDING TO THE
REQUIREMENT WITH BEST OF OUR ABILITIES
(Alhamdulilah)
GEO TECHNICAL SUB-SOIL
INVESTIGATION
FOR
SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AT PLOT NO 58-A, HASHMI
GARDENS, ESTATE HOUSING SCHEME, MOUZA DERA IZZAT
BAHAWALPUR
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER-1
1.0 GENERAL 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Description of Site 1
1.3 Scope of Work 1
1.4 Number of Boreholes 2

CHAPTER-2
2.0 FIELD INVESTIGATION 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) 3
2.3 Bulk Density 3
2.4 Field Moisture Content 3
2.5 Collection of samples 3
2.6 Sub Soil water table 4

CHAPTER-3
3.0 LABORATORY TESTING 4
3.1 General outline of Laboratory Testing 4
3.2 DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS 4
1) Grain Size Analysis 4
2) Atterberg Limits 4
3) Soil Classification 5

CHAPTER-4

4.0 BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS 6

Bearing Capacity for Raft Footing 6
Bearing Capacity for Square Footing 6
Bearing Capacity for Strip/Continuous Footing 6

CHAPTER-5

5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 7
ANNEXURES
ANNEXURE – A BOREHOLE LOGS
ANNEXURE – B SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS
SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUB SOIL
INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING AT PLOT NO 58-A, HASHMI GARDENS, ESTATE
HOUSING SCHEME, MOUZA DERA IZZAT BAHAWALPUR
CHAPTER-1
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This Geo Technical Report has been formulated to support the construction of
Residential building at Plot No. 58-A, Hashmi Gardens, Estate housing
Bahawalpur.

The Client Mr. Rana Khalid Mehmood acquired the services of M/S
Productive Engineers for carrying out soil investigation of the site and
presenting the report. M/S Productive Engineers accordingly presented this
report after completing field and Laboratory testing of soil, for use of safe and
economical design of foundation.
The report carries all information in the form of descriptive collaborations,
table, borehole log and graphical interpretation where deemed necessary. It is
therefore self-explanatory and perfect in itself so far as required for the
foundation design. It is hoped that the report will deliver the good, however in
case the client comes across any proposition requiring clarification; the
services of M/S Productive Engineers are at their disposal for redressal of the
same.
1.2 DESCRIPTION OF SITE
The site is located at Mouza Dera Izzat, Bahawalpur. Borehole logs are
annexed to represent the maximum sub soil information of the area.
1.3 SCOPE OF WORK
Foundation of any structure has a direct bearing to the engineering
characteristics of the underlying deposits of soil. As a result, it is the main
purpose of the soil investigation to evaluate the various deposits of same or
different characteristics, principle constituents and their engineering properties.
Irrespective of the size and type of the project, the engineering procedure
almost remain the same for determining the most appropriate type and size of
the foundation under determine characteristics of the sub soil.

The aims of the soil investigation are:

a. To determine the engineering characteristics of foundation soil.

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 b. To access bearing capacity based on the field and laboratory testing
data.
c. To recommend different geotechnical parameters by keeping in view the
behavior and characteristics of foundation soil.

1.4 NUMBER OF BOREHOLES

In general if economics permit it is better to drill four No. of boreholes on the
corners and one in the center. Spacing can be increased or decreased,
depending on the sub soil conditions. If various soil strata are more or less
uniform and predictable. Fewer boreholes are needed to explore sub soil strata
visualizing expected soil behavior with moisture under building load. A number
of boreholes as per plot geometry are required for getting valuable sub soil
information.

In this case, 02 No. boreholes were drilled up to a maximum depth of 20ft.

Representative disturbed & undisturbed samples were collected, and carried
out all relevant field and laboratory testing. Based on those results, Safe
bearing capacity of soil has been analyzed and Geo Technical Report is
presented.

2
 CHAPTER-2
2.0 FIELD INVESTIGATION
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Having finalized all the preliminary modalities, program of field investigations
was envisaged and a technical team of M/s Productive Engineers reached the
work site and completed the field investigation.
Following is the detail of sub soil field investigation.

2.2 STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (S.P.T)

This is the most commonly deployed technique to access the relative
consolidation of the soil profile in the natural state. According to the ASTM D-
1586-67 the No. of blows of standard drop wt. of 140 Lbs, falling freely through
a height of 30” in a guided assembly are counted so as to make the standard
split spoon sampler to penetrate into the soil mass by 1’ (30cm). The test was
performed at a regular interval of 5ft up to drill depth.

2.3 BULK DENSITY

The bulk density of sub soil is determined at site with the help of SPT sampler
shoe at different depths and locations. Density of soil indicates the natural
compactness of the sub soil strata, which depends upon the nature, type and
mineralogy of the soil composition and soil structure. For field dry density
following expression can be used:
Dry density =Wet Density x 100 / (100+moisture content)

2.4 FIELD MOISTURE CONTENT

While checked with speedy moisture tester, the field moisture was as under,
In BH-01, Moisture content ranges from 4.3% to 7.9%
In BH-02, Moisture content ranges from 3.7% to 7.4%

2.5 COLLECTION OF SAMPLES

Representative samples were collected at individual depth of borehole. All
samples were adequately labeled and preserved in polythene bags for
laboratory testing.

2.6 SUB SOIL WATER TABLE

3
 The water table was not encountered up to the drill depth at the time of
investigation.

CHAPTER-3
3.0 LABORATORY TESTING
3.1 GENERAL OUT LINE OF LABORATORY TESTING
Various laboratory tests are required to be conducted on soil samples
preserved at site during field investigations. These tests help to determine
engineering properties of the project soil. Shear strength Characteristics i.e. (c-
Ø) values, index properties including liquid limit, plastic limit, gradation quality
of soil and unconfined compressive strength data yielded by the laboratory
tests. In case of project soil, these tests were considered to be performed in
the laboratory.

3.2 DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS

1) GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS
In most of the soil classification systems the percentage of material passing
through US sieve # 4 and # 200 have been considered prominently to identify
the soil with their variety of grain sizes .The grain size distribution curves give
the exact idea regarding the gradation of the soils. In non- cohesive soils, it is
very important to identify whether a soil is well graded, uniformly graded or
poorly graded. For this, particles size is determined against 10%, 30% and
60% passing ,which may be denoted as D10 , D30 and D60 respectively:-

Uniformly Co-efficient (Cu) = D60 /D10

Co-efficient of curvature (Cc) = D230 / (D10 X D60)

The soil percentage passing through US sieve #4 and retaining on US sieve

#200 indicates the percentage of sand and passing through US sieve #200
show the percentage of silt and clay. The soil retained on #4 sieve represents
the percentage of gravel. The samples collected from field work were analyzed
by standard sieves for gradation quality of the soil as per ASTM C-136.

2) ATTERBERG LIMITS
Consistency is a term that is frequently used to describe the degree of firmness
(e.g. soft, medium, firm and hard). The Atterberg Limits are an empirically
developed but widely used procedure for establishing and describing the

4
 consistency of soils. The consistency of cohesive soil s is greatly affected by
the water content of the soil. The liquid limits is the water content at the point of
transition of the clay sample from a liquid state to the plastic state, whereby it
requires a certain shearing strength (ASTM D - 423).Briefly the liquid limit of
clay is the water content ,in percent at which a grooved sample in standard
apparatus, cut by a standard tool ,closes along the groove for approximately 10
mm when subjected to 25 drops in a liquid limit apparatus by trying a number of
moisture contents, on both sides of required No. of blows a series of points
were plotted on a semi-logarithmic scale. The plastic limit is the smallest water
content at which the soil begins to crumble when rolled out into thin threads;
approximately 1/8” in diameter (ASTM D-424).Plastic index is the difference of
liquid limit and plastic limit, which gives an idea about the lay content in soil.
Plasticity index increases with clay contents. Liquid limit and plastic limit test
were performed to check the index properties of soil which is summarized in
summary of test results and detail results with graphical illustrations are
annexed in Annexure C.

3) SOIL CLASSIFICATION
The test results of grain size analysis and atterberg limits are combinely used
to classify the soil as per ASTM D 2487.

5
 CHAPTER-4
4.0 BEARING CAPACITY ANALYSIS
Bearing Capacity for foundation design has been calculated based on SPT N value
observed minimum. The detail calculation for bearing capacity analysis is given below

Minimum Average N-Value =7

Water Table Correction =1

BEARING CAPACITY OF RAFT FOOTING

Allowable bearing pressure for Raft Footing (Based on N value)
qa (net) = 1,440 PSF
= 0.65 TSF
BEARING CAPACITY OF SQUARE FOOTING
Depth D for square footing = 4’
Assumed Width B for square footing = 4’
Ultimate bearing capacity (qult) = 3,968 PSF
Safety Factor =3
Allowable bearing pressure for square Footing (Based on N value)
qa (net) = 1,323 PSF
= 0.60 TSF

BEARING CAPACITY OF STRIP/CONTINUOUS FOOTING

Depth D for continuous footing = 4’
Assumed Width B for continuous footing = 3’
Ultimate bearing capacity (qult) = 3,421 PSF
Safety Factor =3
Allowable bearing pressure for continuous/strip Footing (Based on N value)
qa (net) = 1,140 PSF
= 0.52 TSF

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 CHAPTER-5
5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS
▪ The recommended bearing capacity for Raft footing is 0.65TSF, For
Square footing is 0.60TSF and for strip footing 0.52TSF may be
adopted for design purposes.
▪ This report is carried out for double storey structure only.
▪ Foundation of any structure should not be placed over loose
uncontrolled filling and soft/wet soil patch. Base for footing should be
thoroughly compacted before laying the foundation.
▪ The back fill material may be thoroughly compacted in layers to achieve
minimum 95% of Modified AASHTO density.
▪ The water used for construction should also be fit for human
consumption.
▪ During compaction of backfilling, slushy condition should be avoided.
▪ Drainage may be kept proper and post construction ingress of moisture
may not be allowed.
▪ Width and thickness of foundation shall be computed on the basis of
actual incoming load of the structure.

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 ANX A

BOREHOLE LOGS
 SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION BORE HOLE LOG
PROJECT: SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING AT PLOT NO 58-A, HASHMI GARDENS, ESTATE HOUSING SCHEME,
MOUZA DERA IZZAT BAHAWALPUR

BORE HOLE NO: 01 SHEET 1 OF__1_ ___

TYPE OF DRILLING: Hand Auger Method G. W. L., _ Not Encountered __
CLASSIFICATION
LEGEND
DEPTH

SYMBOL

SPT / CPT
(feet)

DESCRIPTION OF SPT/CPT BLOWS

CURVE
MATERIAL “N” Value

10 20 30 40

2
CL-ML

Light Brown Silty

4 Clay with Sand
(CL-ML)
SPT= 7
6

8
CL-ML

10 Light Brown Silty SPT= 7

Clay (CL-ML)

12

14

SPT= 9
CL-ML

Light Brown Silty

16
Clay (CL-ML)

18

SPT= 12
20 End of Borehole
 SUBSURFACE EXPLORATION BORE HOLE LOG
PROJECT: SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING AT PLOT NO 58-A, HASHMI GARDENS, ESTATE HOUSING SCHEME,
MOUZA DERA IZZAT BAHAWALPUR

BORE HOLE NO: 02 SHEET 1 OF__1_ ___

TYPE OF DRILLING: Hand Auger Method G. W. L., _ Not Encountered __
CLASSIFICATION
LEGEND
DEPTH

SYMBOL

SPT / CPT
(feet)

DESCRIPTION OF SPT/CPT BLOWS

CURVE
MATERIAL “N” Value

10 20 30 40

2
CL-ML

Light Brown Silty

4 Clay (CL-ML)

SPT= 8
6

8
CL-ML

10 Light Brown Silty SPT= 7

Clay (CL-ML)

12

14

SPT= 10
CL-ML

Light Brown Silty

16
Clay (CL-ML)

18

SPT= 13
20 End of Borehole
 ANX B

SUMMARY OF TEST RESULTS

 SOIL CLASSIFICATION TABLE
Project: SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AT PLOT NO 58-A, HASHMI GARDENS, ESTATE HOUSING SCHEME, MOUZA DERA IZZAT BAHAWALPUR
Page 01 of 02
Description

Depth (ft)

%AGE PASSING BY WEIGHT ATTERBERG LIMITS PERCENTAGE OF Soil Classification Field

Sr. SPT
Moisture
No. N-Value

Gravel

Silt &
Sand

Clay
3/8” Content %
No. 04 No. 10 No. 40 No.100 No. 200 L.L P.L P.I AASHTO Unified

Light Brown Silty Clay

1 BH-01 5' 100 100 100 100 99.1 82.3 22.9 18.3 4.6 0 17.7 82.3 A-4 4.3% 7
with Sand (CL-ML)
Light Brown Silty Clay
2 BH-01 10' 100 100 100 100 100 92.3 24.5 19.3 5.2 0 7.7 92.3 A-4 5.3% 7
(CL-ML)
Light Brown Silty Clay
3 BH-01 15' 100 100 100 100 100 96.3 Same as above 0 3.7 96.3 A-4 7.5% 9
(CL-ML)
Light Brown Silty Clay
4 BH-01 20' 100 100 100 100 100 93.4 Same as above 0 6.6 93.4 A-4 7.9% 12
(CL-ML)
 SOIL CLASSIFICATION TABLE
Project: SUB SOIL INVESTIGATION FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING AT PLOT NO 58-A, HASHMI GARDENS, ESTATE HOUSING SCHEME, MOUZA DERA IZZAT BAHAWALPUR
Page 02 of 02
Description

Depth (ft)

%AGE PASSING BY WEIGHT ATTERBERG LIMITS PERCENTAGE OF Soil Classification Field

Sr. SPT
Moisture
No. N-Value

Gravel

Silt &
Sand

Clay
3/8” Content %
No. 04 No. 10 No. 40 No.100 No. 200 L.L P.L P.I AASHTO Unified

Light Brown Silty Clay

1 BH-02 5' 100 100 100 100 100 89.6 23.8 18.9 4.9 0 10.4 89.6 A-4 3.7% 8
(CL-ML)
Light Brown Silty Clay
2 BH-02 10' 100 100 100 100 100 94.6 24.9 19.6 5.3 0 5.4 94.6 A-4 4.2% 7
(CL-ML)
Light Brown Silty Clay
3 BH-02 15' 100 100 100 100 100 97.3 Same as above 0 2.7 97.3 A-4 5.9% 10
(CL-ML)
Light Brown Silty Clay
4 BH-02 20' 100 100 100 100 100 92.4 Same as above 0 7.6 92.4 A-4 7.4% 13
(CL-ML)