UNIT SNAPSHOT What event changed the weat What do people say about 2 What uses wheels, tubes, a inteex? 55 ‘oblem shared"? 57, ftomove? 62 What problems do people What do they do to survive? In wtiac other environments sit ‘encounter in this environment? dificut for people to survive? 4. Answer the questions. 1 How do friends and family help each other survive Everyday dlificleStuations? countries work together whén natural disaster ack? WORLD GOAL ce 3 Why do many people want to help when they hea about problems? 2_ Discuss your answers with a partner. Think of reasons and examples to support your opinions,sent a messag the wrong pert forgotten where missed an important {you parked the ear deadline spilled a drink on acarpet something bad you sid hod e child repeat 2 @ASSESS Listen to the start of a radio show. Which robles rom Exerc 1 do you think ech expert could tea wat? >” 3) @ IDENTIFY Listen to the show Identify the thee problems from Exercise 1 ers erie tea ‘Our words give information, but our voices also change ‘according to what we ae trying to communicate. We ‘often change the volume, speed, and pitch (up and down). Listen for these changes and stressed words to understand the speaker better Stresing words of loving them down tells the listener ‘how important particular ideas ae and how strongly the speaker feel about tem, Far example, when: really think you shoul do that ly need to get rid oft before my parents see i ut the most imp6rtant thing is not to leo her. People eitpreety "We can use fk in many phrasal verbs. For example ook into look forward to look up from took out 1 Sometimes the meaning ofthe phrasal veb can be easly nfered from the individual meaning of ts pars. {00k around sormewhere—visi al ferent parts of place 2 Sometimes the meaning of the pheasal verb is less clear from its pars ook after something—make sure that something i safe ‘Tontons 000" 10 @ INTEGRATE Review the definitions below for the phrasal verbs from group 2 in the Vocabulary Development box. Then listen to the extracts from the radio show, and complete the phrasal verbs, look |something—to take care of something be careful (FD comething—to examine something meting (to lok for nforation in ‘on the computer | ‘Ought to is more formal, We generally don’t use Gught to ‘with not or in questions. 9" } ro oat yy Had better gives a stronger warping. We don't usually use itin questions. He'd better say something You'd better not co that too (Z—) my computer now. 4. Node things going wtong because love Waging tof things, See Grammar fous on page 163 9 @ APPLY Discuss these extracts from the radio show with a partner: Complete them with a form of shoul, = ‘aught to, oF had better. Then listen and check Git pio to alter wp 1 Ly again? SW beara st I get out of bed and ara strangenoise aight, get out of ed an 2 You give up yet. look ees 3 You tell her the truth as soon as possible 6 fae a practical problem, 4: day pmresteteriog out tere ——Drorserbeet aha the ncaa this. 7 ‘ook ) my phor74 ACTIVATE Match the words inthe ox tothe pictures of natural sasters. Then write four key words elated to each picture. Use a cictionary to help - l ee Consequences \ 2 wHar'’s your ANGi in Exercise Tave you seen on the Rews recently? earthquake drought hurricane vole lon food wildtne3. ASSESS Match the-yearsto the four natural sates, What do you know Although the Lisbon earthquake still considered one ofthe most powerful and destructive in European history, it isso important not because ofits physical efiects—the Great Tangshan Earthquake in China in 1976 killed more 3,000 people—but because it changed the way iné destruction they eaufed Katana dotted more than 300 cali Similar seientsts ad goversimentsreallzed that they had to learn Sse suid i icant a 40 forecast ebrthawskes. they developed the Wea thao people. However, the impact ofa disaster sometimies is ‘not measured only in terms of oss history ean be affected a8 0 Onecof the most importa the course of history was the (011755, Is center was about 20 Portugal, and its effects were fet destroyed parts of Spaln, Moroc {twas Portugal that sufTeved the most losses. ‘people died from the earthquake and up © 70,000 mote from floods and fre, In addition, the Portuguese eapial ‘was almost completely destroyed. — Poe Find examples a ach 486% things in ve text, Sonne Eoirurn ener sene eee — ‘The writer often give examples to help readers understand the points ey are making. Sometimes writers use signpost phrases for this: natural osasters. such as earthquakes. uricanes ad rough. andes, ae natura events that destroy lag However, sometimes readers need to recognize the {elationship without a signpost phrase. This often involves ‘making connections across sentences: sentences expressing ‘a more general ica are sometimes folowed by sentences for phrases providing more spectic or detailed information or examples Cf the huncreds of natural casters that have happened ln moder tres, a few ae more famous forthe extent of thedeoniction they caused The eruption of the voleano Krakatoa 11883, 55ence Ciena eee ee) Wore muster have tt say that somebipg necessary Ave often use musty-talrabou the testo sess of the Speaker \ We aly use hove toto tk about us tat cole tom {ajhone che. esa unaly le hoe ln cughons fcientists have to took at all the po na cheney nove to.» \,_| Weisecort ony ny ret do oti an ry assess tra deters fr ysl \ _ a fagatit We use doi rhaye toto say that sultans ssart neces Sivas sot me fear se contest. yy, Mat doe hve 91ers for, spa ve had tnt oy had pa cas eters \ seca than page 1637 / 6 APPLY cones AKG entence, so they rete views from the article. Use must, er or Ue correct form of have to ee 1 We thin {bout pebpe, buns, istry when sch tural asters 2 Forster nye econo bene only think about earthquakes ater they rapa 4. Designers planning new cites 5 We(_—_— fel we are poeres against natural dlsasters We can plan and prepare prepare or them, J 7 VOCABULARY Find the verbs in the article. Then match them to the definitions. € Ontos 3000" 1 C2 do or say something because of something that happened 2 Cfo sy something will happen in the future Using information you have now 3 C0 damage something very bay soit doesn't work ar exist anymore 4 Tro make sure something i safe 5 CF to get ready for something 6 C—— to produce a change in something _& EXPAND Use your own ideas to answer the questions. "Twat types of bulaings are often destroyed in Seamer 2. Whabcan be done to protect people after a natural \\ sate 2 \Wa nat sng ie a ur formcast how \an people prepare? 4 Ne6 rata esses affect decisions governments make? Jn 5 Hei lg ay asennad cdsasteyon the nev? Z Z 9 WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Complete the sentences, so thayShow your ys about natural casters. / We have toprotect. These types of ciasters mostly affect 3, We myst prepare fr. 4 Gayeenments must spend more morhgn forecasting 5. ys must react quihipwit.. 10 INiTERACT-AEfa pariner your serene er ic Does Your partner agree with yourviews? a4 ACTIVATE wifst are the adentages and disadvantages of getting advice trom these dffeent people and places? fay online d leussion bards soleagues friends profesional advisers __magazinelathice’olumns pas Mle 7 cai A problem shared... ‘The problem: 9 2. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? What people and places do yet goto for advice on the following topes? money career relationships travel 3 INTEGRATE Read the online advice column. Summarize the problem in a sentence. Then summarize the advice in a list of steps Life is so busy ight now,tm moving to another apartment next week, | just goa promotion and a whole ‘now team to work with, and my pxams for my business coulse start next mast And although I'm absolutely ‘exhausted the whole time, | can’t. sleep at night. What should | do to survive the ney! few tronths? Ana The advice: “Thank you for writing in with your problem. t'm extremely, pleased you have decided to get helpatthis time when things area ite dificult, Remember: a problen shared is a problem halved. ‘Your basic problem is time—tke many people, you see it ‘as your enemy, not your frend, However, that is nt the ‘case. So, 28:well as helping you. | hope this answer wil help many of our readers. First of all its absolutely essential that you change the ‘way you think about time. There is always enough time if we use it in the ight way. Right now, you should make time to sit cown and write alist of things you have to do. In adction to helping you get organized, his wal help You relax. Get the problems out of your heed anc on paper. Next, look through your list and congratulate yoursel Many of the things you have listed are really good—a promotion, a lovely new home, fishing you business ‘course. Yes, you have to do some work to get there, But ‘you wil manage Now you need to write A, 8, oF C next to each thing on the list: 4 is fr very important, B for faily important, ‘and C for things that are herdly important at all. At this point, you shouldn't feel you have to keep everything ton tho list. agdes, you might not actualy be the est perso to co them, For example, yes, You need to move four things to’your new home. However, perhaps a team witya van would do a batter joo than you and your very4mall car ‘Tp Mnal stop ipfo decide the order to do.tho® shings. You yl find there is plantyroFime as well as a natural ord. The 8 and C-things wal follow naturally ‘Comments: You realy shou ty the. uses amraig ing sb © ges at they ofen carpe ye te You get ciyboyzs tent hn akition Joie aoe, you newt rake si yeu ar eating we and ‘exercing. You ay you rety teed Wt can't seep thate& ean that yoo appyteheip "edt0 ake caryst youre ite hard sth psa when yours etng absoltel aw 7'5 APPLY Rewrite these sentences, adding the best word) from the parentheses and changing the grammar and punctuation as necessary. »" a 6 VOCABULARY Match the adjectives inthe fist column to the ones with simitar meanings in the second column, ‘There may be more than ane possibility for some of them. 1 tied = 2 amazing 2 bad QO b huge 3 smat =O terrified 4 arid =O exhausted 5 good freezing 6 plened £ extraordinary 7 surprising CQ 9 awful 8 important ()) by tiny snough 9 spect CO) 1 terrible ener, ro oie w sty OO J) delighted 1 big i essentia 12 cold 1 eeutous Its going ‘na doesn'thave to gu‘&erything SP fo ees to move fr tings C— | 4 group of people might be Ber there might be somedpe ese Be. pane ) fli ren she is very tired, she wil be able todo it. Gradable_ —{~ ungradabie adjective jective He advised me to stop. I didn't want to. (as well as / = ce however) | need help with the project. I need help with my assignment. 2s well 3s / ut) You shouldn't try to do everything, You should try {d0.as much as you can, (oesides / although) ‘You don't have to offer to help. They may not want ary help. (besides / however) It wil be dificult That shouldn't stop you from trying, (as well as / but) They worked very well together. They gave an amazing presentation, (although / in adlition to)B ASSESS Review the text, anti the adverbs from 10 WRITE Write a response of up to 300 words giving Exeselfe 7 on the scale showing hobg the adverb changes advice on the problem, Use intensiliers and ungradable se adjective adjectives 111 IMPROVE Review your partner's advice with the tothe highest degree ([————) checldist. Did your partner, five clear and helpful advice? 2 Include additional and different ideas? toahighdegree = (ND) 1 se intensifier with adjectives? pe 1 write up to 300 words? ea %. WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? Read the advice from some of your other classmates. Do you have any additional or eillerent ideas? Add comments some deg (>) toalowegee == ) toavery low degre (SZ) 9 PREPARE Choose one ofthese problems to ghe advice on, or use your own idea. Then eiscus your ideos with a partner, and make notes of any additonal ideas. ‘You sent a text message to the wrong friend. In the ‘message, you (correctly) complained about them. [Now this friend won't speak to you. ‘Your boss doesn’t recognize the good work you do, Instead, she praises another team member and thinks ‘that person is responsible for your team’s success ‘Your new neighbor makes a lot of noise at night. You ‘get up earl in the morning, s0 you tke to be asleep ‘by 9:20 p.m. You haven't said anything yet, but the ‘situation is gotting worse. 591 JATE Look att epefieres Wn hopin the problem 2 Wywewney ae the first part of fier Afower pagent partner. 1 Whar Kevin's problem? { \ 2. How does Angy efor to Kean? 3 @awatyze (rach second part othe video \eneose the thay aoe. Max telb\Andy abut Kevin, | 3 Aedy explo the per oy ¢ Max eals Ki ge hae a ‘Andy asks Ma Jor advice. ‘Max makes some syggestions een OOOO or en you sor adie, ge backround nomaton 50 ty eran undead he ti oe siti prose trighi shows so? You can use modal verbs to ask for advice. / f aigee L- Elective ave ote in the frm of suggestions ater than nstrctions for what to dot ‘modal verbs and phrases like I think, | think you shoul You cout Imperatives ae stronger, and so is had better. They might’ these in more formal and delicate situations speak to him. sus te hi You't better cal J What woula you do you were me? What sho yeu can, ind more ke instructions. Avold ine woe ahi we how we ate ring em thee pes’ pln te Wreere you swoud... Rs upto The language used ta ask for andl hve advice i ferent when the stuatiopi€ mare serious, 7 ithe context is more formal ofthe speakers don’ now each othe, or example, belek a doctor and patient or i a professional context sich as an employee speaking tothe Tanager In these situations, the language les crect eer ase weight Can ye aise on what ke of ale shout fobow? recommend that you ty o... might bea good ke to. y ENGLISH FOR REAL8 PREPARE Work in pais. Review the problem. Discuss diferent advice to give A friend wants to borrow $30. You have the cash, but your friend hasnt paid you back $20 from last month, You ask your roommate for advice 9 INTERACT Work with a new partner. Decide on your roles. Prepare what you willsay. Then role-play the situation, | How does Max express his suageition fie second time? [- Howisit different from the first time? 10 ASSESS How helpful was the advice? Did you accept or decline it? Why? What will you do? 411 INTERACT change roles. Follow the same stops with the problem below. ‘A good fiend is having some problems and needs somewhere to stay for a month. You have important exams ing up, and you are not supposed to have anyone to stay in your dorm room for longer than two nights. You WHAT'S YOUR ANGLE? onl you din econo apresiomes \ \ inthe| Sy Real-world English box ar land give advice on the fal ‘an argument ith a friend ot getting a good grade ‘what to wear on a night out buying a new phone trying to get itEen nnected speech with words ending in /t/ or ‘Sounds can change in connected speech. We often miss [i and /l atthe end of words when the next word starts ‘th a €onsonant sound around) the fe tr However, when the next word stats with a vowel sound, we hear // and /d/ more clearly atthe start of that word outsideedge > outsidedge Alert fate 6 @ inrecRAre identty the words ending int and a in these instructions, and predt how to sy them in ect sec La eel ck Ter prc {going to put the new tube in. work, but you keep tying. the wheel back on, ‘rom how you took t of Jair in new tre bike upside down hel back on bike hel off bike tube and tre off wheel (the summary of the instructions, identity the words ending with // 4 @WENTIFY Listen to the inst 1 Ist order the same as yours? fou can do Wt Just remember the steps— 2 Do youagtee with the instructions, oF would you suggest something diferent? Pram instruction Instructions nee tobe ear ane easy toll, Use imperatives and simple seteness Fst um the be upsce coun Use sgnpostng phrases to show the order ‘her that, you pute tube Fay pute toe Back I. you'e face-t-lace with the person, you can use thi, ‘he, here, and there with gestures to show what you mean, Look hold this part here. Then tun that handle. listen to your partner, use the O Are the instructions 5 @ IDENTIFY Listen and complete the extracts from the insuctons with verbs and sequencing expressions. 1 Sal the bike upside down. 2 the levers 3 the tire and the tube of. ‘you learned from your group's instructions? 4 Anal the wheel back on,5. Make the sentences stronger or weaker by changing the intersiier and the agjectve. Use the adjectives and intensifies in the box to help. aad freezing small exhausted important awful hardly absolutly fatty aie extremely ‘The last movie t saw was fairly bad. ''m absolutely terrified of one type of animal Iwas extremely col last winter The work | dois absolutely essential Wher | get home from work, I'm often realy tired. ‘The place where Hive is absolutely try. Disc (G5 rede quote. What have humans done over History sure wt cere ways do ndvl people have Ge aaa aural ‘Deriving ne He? Wo the mece-dy pers : survive lviny 500 years ago, or have we changed too Gao rae mr 1A Theresa very bad storm cori 2 A: We're going to get a new sofa, 3 Asam relly late with a project for work. 4 A:My child said something avul to the teacher. B: You'd better tak to your boss about i B: He ought to say sorry immediately. B: You should check thatthe windows are lose. 8B: You shouldn't get a white one if you have childreh 4 Complete the rues for when the tite alarm goes off in an fice. Use each verb only once. dovthavet must cant —_haveto eae ae a | | 151PAST ‘Must doesn’t have a past tense form. We use had toto say Something was necessary inthe past. ‘They had to lana ate aterent arport because ofthe stnke st Heathrow. (NOT They. must to and) ‘We use dln’t have roto say something wasn't necessary inthe past We didn't have to wear a uniform when 1 as School NOT Wed musHoweee) Intensifiers USE ‘We can use an adverb before an adjective to say “to what fr "how much.” The adverb makes the adjective 1 can oer you a discount ous. ts ane ofthe most stronger expression, You shoud aay wear a netmet Hea better not wear thet honible ol ocket 0 the theater! ‘We don’t use ought to of had better in questions. We use should Instead, or star the sentence with Do you think..2 “Shouts show them my poems? 10 you thin ought to snow tiem my poenis? Obligation with must and have to PRESENT Wie use muster hove foto say that something is necessary. We fot use must otal about the feelings and wishes af the speaker ‘We must improve conditions he 20. ‘We usually use have tot talk about rules or obligations that ‘come from someone of somewhere else. ‘The government has to announce the date forthe next elections. ‘We use can't to say itis necessary NOT to do something, You can’t be int arse ‘We use don’ have to to say that something isnt necessary You don't nave to ent with use doesnt su you. ‘We usually ask questions with have t, “Doi have to apply ontine?* "No, you don't” 163