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    15 views15 pages

    Ward PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mercedes Ron Tosi

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15
    POLITICAL ANALYSIS Series Bator: B. Guy Pots, Jon Piee and Gent Stoker Colin ay Pott Analyte ‘avi are aay Sika (ce) ‘Theory and Mode In Pole! Selene (nd etn) Jon Pa and 8. Guy Petes ‘Governance, Pottioe andthe State Fontoomng bras Karn an, yn Gl ar aay ‘Tho Plcsophy and Methods of Pole Scance ‘nator Matar ava Mars omar Police andthe State Theory and Methods in Political Science Second Edition Edited by David Marsh and Gerry Stoker palgrave REVIZE 2008 3 ‘Terral notin amet wih Core Saige mene ne ES. Sor ee (iar itt Page srs eset nD Eon Tha nn pes eae ‘ony mye oe eae en essing ec to for Be ey Aca rrr ik atte Be Ube oes. Seated atc ‘SSN tye ‘rae Pe bbe fen ake missions nein Contents List of Fgures, Tables and Boxes Preface tothe Second Eton [Notes on Contributors Introduction Gary Stoker and David Mar The dscitine of political since: celebration of dverty ‘What is police? What ft that poical seis? What ic cienifc approach to plies? CConneting tothe world of pies Is there a sandard method for undertaking poll since? Concision 1A Skin nt a Swester: Ontology and Epistemology in Politeal Science Dad Marah and Pant Furlong Ontology and epistemology Diferen approaches o ontology and epistemology COnilogy amd epistemology in plial cence: to ses Concho Frher reading PARTI APPROACHES 2 Rehavournin Devs Sanders The rie ofthe behvioual movement ands one sharctersics’ Ctcime ofthe behavioral approch The strengths ofthe behavioural approach a example Conclusion: the behavioural legac inthe went-istcemtary Porter reading SeRke a 4 Bebaviowalion (On poses and “cnc? approaches to socal explanation more fevealy see Kuo (1970), Hempel 0965, 1960, Hanson (0958), Halfpenny (182) and Chalmers (1990), On the pilosophial ongine of bekavouralsm, see Carnap (1936 1950), Schlck (1978) and Aver (970: For uufal explanation of some of he terms sed in these sts, See Laces (1976 For tstfiaton of quantitative approaches to the analy of empiri ‘idence nthe soil sence, ce Blalock (196, 1969, 1970, 1972) and King (1989) Fora recent summary of che ways in which qualitative data can be ployed within she bekavioura-enie approach, ee King (i589 Chapter 3 Rational Choice HUGH WaRO The essence of rational ehoie theory is that “when faced with several courses faction, people sally do what they belive ely to have he Ist overall outcome’ Elter 196 2) | will aru that etna choice sm indispensable part ofthe rool ofthe polite sccm, becsbe there Ste important poltial phenomena which ie can parilly explain NNeverteles do not claim that rational choice theoty i eeestanding (el Almond 199). It needs other perspectives to help explain. why indiidcals have she ieests they do, how they persvethowe incest nd the dracon of rules, powers and seal roles that determines the onstrains on thee actions Fee | brfly sketch how atonal choke Imathods have developed over the lst 40 years. Then explain, what ‘onal choice modeling involves and examine the epistemological Sderpnnings of the method, I saborte my argument that ral howe best regarded as 3 tolkt rather than ax an approach by Eensideving the aray of ecm that have boon made of i ily onside some scent development in rational shoe, pry show ow ‘ational choice theory have responds! tothe ein ‘The development of rational choice theory Rational choice arose as par of dhe Bchavioual revolution in American polital since ofthe T9805 and 196s hat sou actly to examine how individual behaved using empiri methods ce Chaps 2) Ie has arguably become she daminant =spproach to polite cence ee in he Unted Suite However, tinal choice draws on the methadolgy of conomicr in contrat t0 hehaiouralite who sew on sociology or ‘eychology (Brey 1970), Anthony Downs (1357s. Downs 191) wat he reer nthe appliction of anal choc theory to ecorl Behaviour tnd party competion and his work revoluionaed electoral seus {reviewed ia Hnich and Munger 1997). The nda vote forthe party which fi got imo oie, i expecta 0 yield them the higher wey. Panes ae sssmed to be motivated slay by the dete for office alate tata deena inne dee 66 Rational Choice From Down's pioneering work rations choi has ower in 4 vatety ‘of drections, Mancur Olson (195) showed tha self imereed india sould not alway ake paren cole action to further shared goa For example, why do so many of us consinge ro st in ways which harm "he cnvtonment eventhough we know what we ae doing ants A Pausible explanation that we fel charging our own ways wil hee ‘no impact onthe overall prblem anthers are major Financ ahd other cous asocated with bing. ifereny. The result collene ton flr in which tana enters lads to everyone bing wore ‘off Hardin 1969). His work constitutes a fandamenal ctgee of Pluralism and orthodox Marxism, which both asume that shared ners ssn for poital mobilisation to overt has generated ‘empirical workin areas as diverse as the study of soil revolons {Gor example, Popkin 1873) and cooperation berncen states one nich problems as the deterioration of the plbal envionment for example Sandler 199, Game theory dels with seustions where othe’ choice of satoey alfets your best choce and vce vers, I has led to important dere ‘ments in colleive ation theory, enabling ro explain why collec ‘scion failures can sometimes be sro ifthe member of indie

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