- & res cone 02138020 | FORM TP 2022321 MAY/SUNE 2022 CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL CARIBBEAN ADVANCED PROFICIENCY EXAMINATION* PHYSICS UNIT 1 - Paper 02 2 hours 30 minutes READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY. 1. This paper consists of THREE questions. Answer ALL questions. 2. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. 3. Do NOT write in the margins, 4. Where appropriate, ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN in this booklet 5. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions, but you should note that the use of an inappropriate number of figures in answers will be penalized, 6. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer. 7. Ifyou use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include the question part beside the answer. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. ——— eee Copyright © 2021 Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. 02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 |r LIST OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS Universal gravitational constant Acceleration due to gravity 1 Atmosphere Boltzmann’s constant Density of water Specific heat capacity of water Specific latent heat of fusion of ice Specific latent heat of vaporization of water Avogadro's constant Molar gas constant Stefan-Boltzmann’s constant Speed of light in free space (vacuum) Speed of sound in air Planck’s constant Triple point temperature | tonne 02138020/MJ/CAPE 2022 L G atm 6.67 * 10°" Nm? kg? 9.81 ms? 1.00 « 10°N m2 138% 10°SK+ 1.00 « 10° kg m* 4200 J kg! K! 3.34 10° Tkg" 2.26 10° ke 6.02 * 10" per mole 8.31 JK! mol 5.67 x 108 Wm? K+ 3.00 * 10° m s* 340 ms" 6.626 «10 Js 273.16 K 1000 kg GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE aAnswer ALL questions. 1. (@)__Define EACH of the following terms: (Drag force [2 marks] (i) Terminal velocity [2 marks} (iii) Uniform motion [2 marks] (b) The following equation is used to express the drag force, Fy, experienced by a moving spherical object: army (i) State the meaning of EACH term on the right-hand side of the equation above. [3 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE, 02138020/MJ/CAPE 2022 Po OU ar “ 1 (ii) State ONE condition under which the equation in (b) applies for the motion of a spherical object. [mark] (c) _ Inanexperiment, a small metal sphere of mass m and radius r was dropped in a long tube of glycerin at 30 °C. The velocity of the sphere was measured at specific times and the data in Table 1 was obtained. TABLE 1: VELOCITY OF SPHERE WITH TIME re, ts Velocity, vem 5 0.0 0.0 O48 2351 08 3.49 12 3.87 16 4.00 2.0 407 24 4.09 2.8 4.10 3.0 4.10 | (i) On the grid provided in Figure 1 on page 7, plot a graph of velocity, v, against time, t, Draw a smooth curve through the points. [4 marks] Gi) Explain the shape of the graph in (c) (i). [3 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a (02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 L02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 L Figure 1. Graph of velocity against time GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE. |a (iii) Use the graph in (c) (i) to determine the terminal velocity, v, , of the metal sphere, inms* 2 marks] (@) The terminal velocity, v,, of the metal sphere is given by the equation y= 8 1 Gakr where & is a temperature dependent constant that determines the resistance to motion in the fluid, (i) Determine the units of & [3 marks} (ii) Given that m=5 «10° kg and r= 1 * 10-*m, determine the value of for glycerin at 30°C. [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a (02138020/M/CAPE 2022 Lr (e) Explain how the terminal velocity will be alfected if (i) a sphere of the same mass but twice the radius is used (ii) a sphere of a different metal is used. [2 marks] (6) According to Archimedes’ principle, when a body is immersed in a fluid it experiences an upthrust. Explain why the upthrust is neglected in the calculation of terminal velocity in this experiment. [2 marks] Total 30 marks | GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE | 02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 Lr “w. 7 NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED. GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a 02138020/MS/CAPE 2022 Lr 7 1 2 (a) (i)_ State ONE similarity and ONE difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave. [2 marks} | (ii) Give ONE example ofa transverse wave and ONE example ofa longitudinal wave. (6) Explain how a stringed instrument, such as a guitar, produces a sound. [3 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE m0 _| 02138020/MJ/CAPE 2022 Lr “ke 7 (©) The apparatus shown in Figure 2 is used to investigate waves on a string. Figure 2. Apparatus to investigate waves on a string ()_Atacertain setting on the signal generator, a standing wave with three antinodes is set up on the string. In the space below, sketch and label a diagram to show how the string would look when this standing wave is set up. [3 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a 02138020/MJ/CAPE 2022 Lr “» 1 Gi) Write an equation for the wavelength when the string has n antinodes and use this equation to calculate the wavelength of the wave sketched in (c) (i). 14 marks] iii) Using the equation in (c) (ii), show that the relationship between the frequency of the vibrator and the number of antinodes, 7, is given by f= (?2n where v is the wave velocity and / is the length of the string, [3 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE _l 02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 Lr 1 (d) The data in Table 2 was collected using the apparatus in Figure 2. TABLE 2: EXPERIMENTAL DATA Frequency, | 86 160 | 250 350 | 420 | 520 | 620 STs. ‘Number of } Antinodes, | 1 2 3 4 9 6 7 | mi J (i) On the grid provided in Figure 3 on page 15, plot a graph of fagainst n. Draw the line of best fit through the points. [4 marks] (ii) Using the graph in (4) (i), determine the velocity of the waves on the string, [4 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02138020/MJ/CAPE 2022 L ng ut Ir “ 7 Figure 3. Graph of f against n GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE a) (02138020/MJ/CAPE 2022 Lr “ 1 (©) Anexplosion occurs at one end of a pier of length 125 m. The sound reaches the other ‘end of the pier by travelling through three media: air, water and a slender handrail of solid steel. (i) List the order of the media through which the sound arrives at the other end of the pier. Give ONE reason for your response. [3 marks] (ii) Calculate the time taken for the sound waves to travel through the water to reach the other end of the pier, given that the speed of sound in water is 1482 m s” [2 marks} Total 30 marks GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 L 0 _l| -17- 7 | 3. (@)_ Define EACH of the following terms, and state the unit in which it is measured: (i) Stress GD Strain [2 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE | (02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 Lr 7 1 (b) A Long, thin metal wire hangs vertically, suspended from a fixed support with masses hung from its lower end, The load on the lower end of the increased from zero to fa certain value, and then decreased again to zero. The variation of the resulting tensile stress is shown in Figure 4, Tensile stress 0 a] D Tensile strain 0 Figure 4. Graph of stress vs strain for metal wire (Describe the behaviour of the metal wire in EACH of the following segments of the graph: AB BC. cD (ii) Explain what is meant by the ‘elastic limit’ of a wire. [2 marks] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02138020/MJ/CAPE 2022 L 9 000 0 _|Gi) (iv) w) wi -19- 7 If EACH major interval on the vertical axis of the graph in Figure 4 represents 150 MPa, determine the elastic limit of the wire. (1 mark} The wire can be described as a ductile material. State TWO properties of ductile materials, (2 marks} In terms of the wire, what does the interval AD on the graph represent? [1 mark] State how the energy per unit volume stored in the wire during the loading process can be determined from the graph. “ft mark] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE (02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 L |r » 1 (©) Silk is a natural protein fibre of high tensile strength produced by spiders and silkworms. The graph in Figure 5 shows the stress-strain curves, up to the point of fracture, for silk produced by spiders and silkworms, 120 100 Spiders 80 === = = Sitkworms o Stres/MPa_ 40 0.00 0.05 0.10 01s 0.20 0.25 Strain Figure 5, Stress-strain curves for silk produced by spiders and silkworms (i) State what is meant by the term *high tensile strength’. I mark} (ii) Spiders use silk to build webs to catch insects. Using the graph in Figure 5, explain how the properties of spider silk make it more suitable than silkworm silk for building webs to catch insects. “2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE | (02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 Lr 2 1 (iii) Using the graph in Figure 5, determine the MAXIMUM amount of energy that, can be stored by silkworm silk before it fractures, [3 marks] (iv) Using the graph in Figure 5, determine the Young’s modulus of spider silk for small stresses. [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 02138020/MI/CAPE 2022 L MeN |-22- 7 (¥) An insect fies into a spider's web and becomes attached to a single thread. This creates a tension of 580 MN in the thread. The thread extends by approximately 3% of its original length. Calculate the radius of a single thread of spider silk. {6 marks] Total 30 marks END OF TEST IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST. (02138020/MJ/CAPE 2022 a