n mch tng t

GVHD: L Vn Chng

Nhn xt ca gio vin hng dn

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Ngy. Thng.nm 2010
K tn

SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

Nhn xt ca gio vin

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Ngy.thngnm 2010
K tn

SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

MC LC
Li m u ..........................................................................................Trang 03
C s l thuyt .................................................................................... Trang 05
I. nh ngha tng qut ................................................................... Trang 05
1. nh ngha v bi p................................................................ Trang
II. Cc b bin i DC-DC ............................................................ Trang 05
1. B bin i gim p ................................................................ Trang
2. B bin i tng p ................................................................. Trang
3. B bin i o p .................................................................. Trang

Thit k v tnh ton mch bin i ngun 5VDC ln 12VDC ....... Trang 13
I. Thit k khi to xung ................................................................. Trang
II. Thit k v tnh ton cho ton mch ........................................... Trang
1. Thit k mch nguyn l ......................................................... Trang
2. Tnh ton cc linh kin ............................................................ Trang

Kt lun chung .................................................................................... Trang

SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

LI M U
Trong lnh vc k thut hin i ngy nay, vic ch to ra cc b
chuyn i ngun c cht lng in p cao, kch thc nh gn cho cc thit
b s dng in l ht sc cn thit. Qu trnh x l bin i in p 1 chiu
thnh in p mt chiu khc gi l qu trnh bin i DC-DC. Mt b nng
in p l mt b bin i DC-DC c in p u ra ln hn in p u vo.
B bin i DC-DC tng p hay c s dng mch mt chiu trung gian ca
thit b bin i in nng cng sut va c bit l cc h thng pht in s
dng nng lng ti to (sc gi, mt tri). Cu trc mch ca b bin i vn
khng phc tp nhng vn iu khin nhm t c hiu sut bin i cao
v m bo n nh lun l mc tiu ca cc cng trnh nghin cu. Thm vo
, b bin i l i tng iu khin tng i phc tp do m hnh c tnh
phi tuyn.
Di y l mt trong nhng ng dng ca in t tng t trong cuc
sng hng ngy l Thit k mch bin di ngun 5VDC ln 12VDC trong
bi n ny. Em hi vng rng sau khi hon thnh n ny n
s gip em cng c li kin thc m em tch ly c trong
sut thi gian hc tp v vi c mong n s l mt im ta c
bn cho em sau khi ra trng.
Trong qu trnh lm n em c s hng dn tn
tnh ca thy L Vn Chng. Mc d c gng ht sc nhng l mt lnh vc mi i vi em, nn khng trnh khi nhng
thiu st v ni dung v phng php trnh by. Em rt mong
c s ch bo hng dn ca thy c v kin ng gp ca
cc bn ti ca em c hon thin hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
Sinh vin thc hin

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

NGUYN TRUNG
KIN

Phn 1
C s l thuyt
I. NH NGHA TNG QUT:
I.2. nh ngha v bi p:
y l qu trnh bin i in p mt chiu U v t gi tr ny sang cc gi tr
khc thp hn hoc cao hn, hoc c du ngc li. N thng dng to ra
cao p mt chiu cng sut nh trong cc thit b in t lu ng.V d: vt bt
mui, di cui in...
II. CC B BIN I DC-DC (DC-DC converter)
C hai cch thc hin cc b bin i DC-DC kiu chuyn mch: dng
cc t in chuyn mch, v dng cc in cm chuyn mch. Gii php dng
in cm chuyn mch c u th hn cc mch cng sut ln.
Cc b bin i DC-DC c in dng in cm chuyn mch bao gm: buck
(gim p), boost (tng p), v buck-boost/inverting (o du in p). Hnh 1.1
th hin s nguyn l ca cc b bin i ny. Vi nhng cch b tr in
cm, kha chuyn mch, v diode khc nhau, cc b bin i ny thc hin
nhng mc tiu khc nhau, nhng nguyn tc hot ng th u da trn hin
tng duy tr dng in i qua in cm.

Hnh 1.1. Cc b bin i DC-DC chuyn mch bng in cm

II.1. B bin i gim p (buck converter)

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

1. S nguyn l c bn ca mch buck:

Hnh 1.2. S nguyn l mch gim p (buck).

2. Nguyn l hot ng:
y l kiu bin i ngun cho in p u ra nh hn so vi in p u
vo tc l Vin<vout
Mch c cu to nguyn l n gin ch dng mt van ng ct ngun in
v phn lc u ra. in p u ra c iu bin theo rng xung.
Khi " Switch On" c ng tc l ni ngun vo mch th lc dng in
i qua cun cm v dng in trong cun cm tng ln, ti thi im ny th t
in c np ng thi cng cung cp dng in qua ti. Chiu dng in c
chy theo hnh v.
Khi " Swith Off" c m ra tc l ngt ngun ra khi mch. Khi trong
cun cm tch ly nng lng t trng v t in in c tch ly trc
s phng qua ti. Cun cm c xu hng gi cho dng in khng i v gim
dn. Chiu ca dng in trong thi im ny nh trn hnh v.
Qu trnh ng ct lin tc to ti mt in p trung bnh theo lut bm xung
PWM. Dng in qua ti s dng xung tam gic m bo cho dng lin tc
qua ti. Tn s ng ct kh cao m bo trit nhiu cng sut cho mch.

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

Van cng sut thng s dng cc van nh Transitor tc cao, Mosfet hay
IGBT...
trng thi xc lp, dng in i qua in cm s thay i tun hon, vi
gi tr ca dng in cui chu k trc bng vi gi tr ca dng in u
chu k sau. Xt trng hp dng in ti c gi tr ln dng in qua in
cm l lin tc. Gin thi gian dng qua cun cm nh hnh 1.3.
V in cm khng tiu th nng lng (in cm l tng), hay cng sut
trung bnh trn in cm l bng 0, v dng in trung bnh ca in cm l
khc 0, in p ri trung bnh trn in cm phi l 0.
Gi T l chu k chuyn mch (switching cycle), T1 l thi gian ng kha
(van), v T2 l thi gian ngt kha (van). Nh vy, T = T1 + T2. Gi s in p
ri trn diode, v dao ng in p ng ra l kh nh so vi gi tr ca in p
ng vo v ng ra. Khi , in p ri trung bnh trn in cm khi ng kha
(van) l (T1/T)(Vin Vout), cn in p ri trung bnh trn in cm khi ngt
kha (van) l (T2/T)Vout.
T1

T2

iti

iL,min

Hnh 1.3: Gin thi gian dng in qua cun dy theo thi gian.
iu kin in p ri trung bnh trn in cm bng 0 c th c biu din l:
(T1/T)(Vin Vout) (T2/T)Vout = 0
hay
SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

(T1/T)Vin ((T1 + T2)/T)Vout = 0 => (T1/T)Vin = Vout

Gi tr D = T1/T thng c gi l chu k nhim v (duty cycle). Nh vy,
Vout = VinD. D thay i t 0 n 1 (khng bao gm cc gi tr 0 v 1), do 0
<Vout < Vin.
Vi cc b bin i buck, vn thng c t ra nh sau: cho bit phm
vi thay i ca in p ng vo Vin, gi tr in p ng ra Vout, dao ng in
p ng ra cho php, dng in ti ti thiu Iout,min, xc nh gi tr ca in cm,
t in, tn s chuyn mch v phm vi thay i ca chu k nhim v, m
bo n nh c in p ng ra.
Phm vi thay i ca in p ng vo v gi tr in p ng ra xc nh
phm vi thay i ca chu k nhim v D: Dmin=Vout/Vin,max, v Dmax = Vout/Vin,min.

T1

T2

t
iti
Ion

Ioff

t
Hnh 1.4. Gin thi gian ti bin ca dng ti lin tc v gin on.
Thng thng, cc b bin i buck ch nn lm vic ch dng in
lin tc qua in cm. T hnh 1.4 ta c: ti bin ca ch dng in lin tc
v gin on, dng qua cun cm thay i mt lng I = I on + Ioff v bng 2
ln dng in ti (Iti).
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GVHD: L Vn Chng

Nh vy, dng ti l lin tc th thay i dng in cho php bng 2

ln dng in ti ti thiu. in cm phi ln gii hn thay i dng
in gi tr ny trong iu kin xu nht: khi D = Dmin, v thi gian dng in
gim l T2 lc ny l cc i, vi in p ri khng thay i l Vout. Mt cch c
th, chng ta c ng thc sau:
(1 Dmin)TVout = Lmin2Iout,min
Hai thng s cn c la chn y l Lmin v T. Nu chng ta chn tn s
chuyn mch nh, tc l T ln (T = 1/f, f l tn s chuyn mch), th Lmin cng
cn phi ln.
Thnh phn xoay chiu ca dng in qua in cm s i qua t in ng ra.
Vi dng in qua in cm c dng tam gic, in p trn t in ng ra s l
cc on a thc bc hai ni vi nhau (xt trong mt chu k chuyn mch).
Lng in tch c np vo t in khi dng in qua in cm ln hn dng
in trung bnh s l IT/2. Nu biu din theo in dung v in p trn t
in th lng in tch ny bng CV. Trong , I l bin ca thnh phn
xoay chiu ca dng in qua in cm, cn V l thay i in p trn t
khi np (cng nh khi x, xt trng thi xc lp). Nh vy, chng ta c th xc
nh gi tr ca t in da vo ng thc sau:
IT/2 = CV
I c xc nh trn, bng 2 ln dng in ti ti thiu, v T c
chn bc trc . Ty theo gi tr dao ng in p ng ra cho php V
m chng ta chn gi tr C cho thch hp.

SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

II.2. B bin i tng p (boost converter)

1. S nguyn l c bn mch boost:

Hnh 1.5. S nguyn l mch tng p (boost)

2. Nguyn tc hot ng:
Kiu dng ngun xung ny cho in p u ra ln hn in p u vo :
Vin < Vout
Mch c cu to nguyn l kh n gin. Cng dng mt ngun ng ct,
dng cun cm v t in. in p u ra ph thuc vo iu bin rng xung
v gi tr cun cm L.
Khi "Swich On" c ng li th dng in trong cun cm c tng ln
rt nhanh, dng in s qua cun cm qua van v xung t. Dng in khng
qua diode v t in phng in cung cp cho ti. thi im ny th ti c
cung cp bi t in. Chiu ca dng in nh trn hnh v.
Khi "Switch Off" c m ra th lc ny cui cun dy xut hin vi 1
in p bng in p u vo. in p u vo cng vi in p cun cm qua
diode cp cho ti v ng thi np cho t in. Khi in p u ra s ln hn
in p u vo, dng qua ti c cp bi in p u vo. Chiu ca dng
in c i nh hnh v!
in p ra ti cn ph thuc gi tr ca cun cm tch ly nng lng v iu
bin rng xung (iu khin thi gian on/off). Tn s ng ct van l kh cao

SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

hng Khz trit nhiu cng sut v tng cng sut u ra.Dng qua van ng
ct nh hn dng u ra.Van cng sut thng l Transior tc cao, Mosfet
hay IGBT... Diode l diode xung, cng sut.
Trong ngun Boot th in p u ra ln hn so vi in p u vo do
cng sut u vo phi ln hn so vi cng sut u ra. Cng sut u ra ph
thuc vo cun cm L. Hiu sut ca ngun Boot cng kh cao nn c dng
nhiu trong cc mch nng p do n truyn trc tip nn cng sut ca n rt
ln.
Ngun boost c 2 ch :
- Ch khng lin tc: Nu in cm ca cun cm qu nh, th trong mt
chu k ng ct, dng in s tng dn np nng lng cho in cm ri gim
dn, phng nng lng t in cm sang ti. V in cm nh nn nng lng
trong in cm cng nh, nn ht mt chu k, th nng lng trong in cm
cng gim n 0. Tc l trong mt chu k dng in s tng t 0 n max ri
gim v 0.
- Ch lin tc: Nu in cm rt ln, th dng in trong 1 chu k in
cm s khng thay i nhiu m ch dao ng quanh gi tr trung bnh.Ch
lin tc c hiu sut v cht lng b ngun tt hn nhiu ch khng lin tc,
nhng i hi cun cm c gi tr ln hn nhiu ln.
Gi T l chu k chuyn mch (switching cycle), T1 l thi gian ng kha
(van), v T2 l thi gian ngt kha (van). Nh vy, T = T1 + T2. Gi s in p
ri trn diode, v dao ng in p ng ra l kh nh so vi gi tr ca in p
ng vo v ng ra. Khi , in p ri trung bnh trn in cm khi ng kha
(van) l (T1/T)Vin, cn in p ri trung bnh trn in cm khi ngt kha (van)
l (T2/T)(Vin Vout).
iu kin in p ri trung bnh trn in cm bng 0 c th c biu din
l:
(T1/T)Vin + (T2/T)(Vin Vout) = 0
hay
SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

(T1/T + T2/T)Vin ( T2/T)Vout = 0

hay

Vin = (T2/T)Vout
Vi cch nh ngha chu k nhim v D = T1/T, T2/T = 1 D, ta c Vin = (1

D)Vout, hay Vout = Vin/(1 D). D thay i t 0 n 1 (khng bao gm cc gi

tr 0 v 1), do 0 < Vin < Vout.
Tng t nh vi b bin i buck, mt trong nhng bi ton thng gp l
nh sau: cho bit phm vi thay i ca in p ng vo Vin, gi tr in p ng ra
Vout, dao ng in p ng ra cho php, dng in ti ti thiu Iout,min, xc nh
gi tr ca in cm, t in, tn s chuyn mch v phm vi thay i ca chu k
nhim v, m bo n nh c in p ng ra.
Phm vi thay i ca in p ng vo v gi tr in p ng ra xc nh phm vi
thay i ca chu k nhim v D: Dmin=1Vin,max/Vout, v Dmax=1 Vin,min/Vout.
L lun tng t nh vi b bin i buck, thay i dng in cho php
s bng 2 ln dng in ti ti thiu. Trng hp xu nht ng vi ln ca
in p trung bnh t vo in cm khi kha (van) ngt t gi tr ln nht, tc
l hm s Vin/Vout(Vin Vout) t gi tr nh nht khi D thay i t Dmin n Dmax
(ch l hm s ny c gi tr m trong khong thay i ca D). Gi gi tr ca
D v Vin tng ng vi gi tr nh nht l Dth v Vin,th (gi tr ti hn), ng
thc sau c dng chn gi tr chu k (hay tn s) chuyn mch v in
cm:
(1 Dth)T(Vin,th - Vout) = Lmin2Iout,min
Vic la chn gi tr cho t in ng ra hon ton ging nh i vi trng
hp b bin i buck.

SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

II.3. B bin i o p (buck-boost converter)

1. S nguyn l mch buck-boost:

Hnh 1.6. S nguyn l mch o p (buck-boost)

2. Nguyn tc hot ng:
B bin i buck-boost hot ng da trn nguyn tc: khi kha (van) ng,
in p ng vo t ln in cm, lm dng in trong in cm tng dn theo
thi gian. Khi kha (van) ngt, in cm c khuynh hng duy tr dng in qua
n s to in p cm ng diode phn cc thun. Ty vo t l gia thi
gian ng kha (van) v ngt kha (van) m gi tr in p ra c th nh hn,
bng, hay ln hn gi tr in p vo. Trong mi trng hp th du ca in p
ra l ngc vi du ca in p vo, do dng in i qua in cm s gim
dn theo thi gian.
Vi cc gi thit tng t nh cc trng hp trn, ch dng in qua
in cm l lin tc, in p ri trung bnh trn in cm s bng 0. Vi cch k
hiu T = T1 + T2 nh trn, in p ri trung bnh trn in cm khi ng kha
(van) l (T1/T)Vin, cn in p ri trung bnh trn in cm khi ngt kha (van)
l (T2/T)Vout.
iu kin in p ri trung bnh trn in cm bng 0 c th c biu din:
(T1/T)Vin (T2/T)Vout = 0
Nh vy:
(T1/T)Vin = (T2/T)Vout => DVin = (1 D)Vout
Khi D = 0.5, Vin = Vout. Vi nhng trng hp khc, 0 < Vout < Vin khi 0 <
D < 0.5, v 0 < Vin < Vout khi 0.5 < D < 1 (ch l y ch xt v ln, v
SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

chng ta bit Vin v Vout l ngc du). Nh vy, b bin i ny c th tng

p hay gim p, v l l do m n c gi l b bin i buck-boost.
Xt cng mt loi bi ton thng gp nh nhng trng hp trn, tc l:
cho bit phm vi thay i ca in p ng vo Vin, gi tr in p ng ra Vout,
dao ng in p ng ra cho php, dng in ti ti thiu Iout,min, xc nh gi tr
ca in cm, t in, tn s chuyn mch v phm vi thay i ca chu k
nhim v, m bo n nh c in p ng ra.
Phm vi thay i ca in p ng vo v gi tr in p ng ra xc nh
phm vi thay i ca chu k nhim v D: Dmin = Vout/(Vin,max + Vout), v Dmax =
Vout/(Vin,min + Vout).
L lun tng t nh vi b bin i buck, thay i dng in cho php
s bng 2 ln dng in ti ti thiu. Trng hp xu nht ng vi ln ca
in p trung bnh t vo in cm khi kha (van) ngt t gi tr ln nht, tc
l khi D = Dmin. Nh vy ng thc dng chn chu k (tn s) chuyn mch
v in cm L ging nh ca b bin i buck:
(1 Dmin)TVout = Lmin2Iout,min
Cch chn t in ng ra cho b bin i ny cng khng khc g so vi
nhng trng hp trn.

SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

PHN II

THIT K V TNH TON MCH BIN I

NGUN 5V DC LN 12V DC
p dng nguyn l cc b chuyn i DC trn, trong phm vi n ny ta
s thit k v tnh ton mch bin i t in p mt chiu 5V ln in p mt
chiu 12V. Yu cu v cc thng s ca mch bin i nh sau:
- in p vo 5VDC
- in p ra 12VDC
- Sai s in p ra Vrip=100mV
- Dng ti cc tiu Iout,min=100mA
Vi yu cu nh vy, em s dng mch boost tng in p. Mch boost
hot ng theo chu k ca xung a vo ng ngt tranzito. S khi ca
mch nh sau:
MCH TO
XUNG

IN P VO

MCH BOOST

IN P RA

Hnh 2.1. S khi mch

I. THIT K KHI TO XUNG:
Mch to xung c nhim v to ra cc xung ng ngt transistor mt
cch nhp nhng. C nhiu phng n to xung vung nh dng mch a hi,
dng IC 555, dng mch dao ng nght Trong n, em la chn mch dao
ng dng IC 555 v mch ny tng i n gin, ch cn mt IC 555 cng vi

SVTH: Nguyn Trung Kin Lp: 49K-TVT

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

cc linh kin khc l c th to u ra cc xung ch nht p ng yu cu bi

ton.
1. Gii thiu v IC 555:
IC thi gian 555 c du nhp vo nhng nm 1971 bng cng ty
Signetics Corporation bng 2 dng sn phm SE555/NE555 v c gi l my
thi gian v cng l loi c u tin. N cung cp cho cc nh thit k mch
in t vi chi ph tng i r, n nh v nhng mch t hp cho nhng ng
dng cho n n v khng n nh. T thit b ny c lm ra vi tnh
thng mi ha. 10 nm qua mt s nh sn sut ngng sn sut loi IC ny bi
v s cnh tranh v nhng l do khc. Tuy th nhng cng ty khc li sn sut ra
nhng dng ny. IC 555 hin nay c s dng kh ph bin cc mch to
xung, ng ct hay l nhng mch dao ng khc

2. Cu to v nguyn l hot ng IC555:

2.1. S chn:

NE
555

Hnh 2.2: S chn ca IC nh thi 555

2.2. S khi:

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

Hnh 2.3: S khi ca IC nh thi 555

2.3. S nguyn l NE555:

Hnh 2.4. S nguyn l ca NE555

2.4. Chc nng tng chn ca 555
Chn s 1 (GND): cho ni GND ly dng cp cho IC hay chn cn gi l

chn chung.
Chn s 2 (TRIGGER): y l chn u vo thp hn in p so snh v

c dng nh 1 chn cht hay ng vo ca 1 tn so p. Mch so snh y

dng cc transitor PNP vi mc in p chun l 2/3Vcc.

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GVHD: L Vn Chng

Chn s 3 (OUTPUT): Chn ny l chn dng ly tn hiu ra logic.

Trng thi ca tn hiu ra c xc nh theo mc 0 v 1. 1 y l

mc cao n tng ng vi gn bng Vcc nu (PWM=100%) v mc 0 tng
ng vi 0V nhng m trong thc t mc 0 ny ko c 0V m n trong
khong t (0.35 ->0.75V) .
Chn s 4 (RESET): Dng lp nh mc trng thi ra. Khi chn s 4 ni

masse th ng ra mc thp. Cn khi chn 4 ni vo mc p cao th trng thi

ng ra ty theo mc p trn chn 2 v 6. Nhng m trong mch to c
dao ng thng hay ni chn ny ln VCC.
Chn s 5 (CONTROL VOLTAGE): Dng lm thay i mc p chun

trong IC 555 theo cc mc bin p ngoi hay dng cc in tr ngoi cho ni

GND. Chn ny c th khng ni cng c nhng m gim tr nhiu
ngi ta thng ni chn s 5 xung GND thng qua t in t 0.01uF n
0.1uF cc t ny lc nhiu v gi cho in p chun c n nh.
Chn s 6(THRESHOLD) : l mt trong nhng chn u vo so snh in

p khc v cng c dng nh 1 chn cht.

Chn s 7(DISCHAGER) : c th xem chn ny nh 1 kha in t v chu

iu khin bi tng logic ca chn 3. Khi chn 3 mc p thp th kha ny

ng li, ngc li th n m ra. Chn 7 t np x in cho 1 mch R-C lc IC
555 dng nh 1 tng dao ng .

Chn s 8 (Vcc): Khng cn ni cng bt l chn cung cp p v dng

cho IC hot ng. Khng c chn ny coi nh IC cht. N c cp in p t

2V 18V .

3.Thit k mch to xung:

3.1. S nguyn l mch to xung dung IC555

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Hnh 2.3: S
nguyn l
mch

to

xung dng IC
555
Dng xung u ra ca mch to xung:
T
T1

T2

Hnh 2.4: Dng xung u ra ca mch to xung

Cng thc tnh cc thng s ca xung:
+ Chu k xung (T):
T=T1+T2
Trong :
T Chu k xung (s)
T1 Thi gian tch cc ca xung (s)
T2 Thi gian xung bng 0 (s)
+ Cng thc tnh T1 v T2:
T1 = 0.7(R1+R2)C1
T2 = 0.7R2C1
Suy ra:

T = 0.7( R1 + 2 R 2)C1

+ Tn s xung (f):
f =

1
1,4
=
(Hz)
T
( R1 + 2 R 2).C1

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II. THIT K V TNH TON CHO TON MCH:

1. Thit k mch nguyn l:
Yu cu ca bi ton l tng in p DC t 5V ln 12V, vy nn em s dng
mch boost lm mch bin p. Mch boost iu khin bi xung do mch to
xung to ra. S nguyn l ton mch nh hnh 2.5. Ch cc gi tr Rd v Rgs
l gi tr tr trong ca cun dy v in tr mt tip gip G-S khi tranzito thng.
Gi tr ca chng thng kh nh (khong 1).
L

Vin

Rd

0.1mH

Vout

DIODE-SC

U1

8
R

VCC

Q
DC

10nF

TR

TH
555

C3
1

R2

C2

2k

CV

GND

R1

100uF

Rt
1k

5k

Rgs

C1
10nF
GND

Hnh 2.5. S nguyn l ton mch

2. Tnh ton cc linh kin cho mch:

Tnh ton cho mch to xung
Tnh ton rng xung:
Nh phn tch trn, ta c mi lin h gia in p ra v in p vo l:
Vout = Vin/(1 D) (*)
D - chu k nhim v ca xung ng ngt tranzito
=> D = 1-Vin/Vout
Yu cu ca ti l in p vo l Vin=5V, Vout=12V. Suy ra mch to xung
to ra xung vung c chu k nhim v D=1-5/12=7/12.
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D=

GVHD: L Vn Chng
T1
0.7( R 2 + R1)
R 2 + R1
=
=
T
0.7( R 2 + 2 R1) R 2 + 2 R1

R1 + R 2
7
=
R1 + 2 R 2 12

5R1 = 2 R 2

Chn R1=2K, R2=5K

Tnh ton tn s xung:
i vi mch boost, xung lin h theo cng thc:
(1 Dth)T(Vin,th Vout) = Lmin2Iout,min (**)
Dth - gi tr ti hn ca chu k nhim v ( rng xung).
Ta c: Dth = D = 7/12; Vin,th = 5V; Iout,min = 100mA. Suy ra gi tr chu k T v
t cm cc tiu ca cun dy Lmin phi tho mn ng thc (**) trn. Do ta
f =

c:

1 (1 D ) (Vout Vin )
=
T
L min 2 Iout , min

Thay s ta c:
f =

(1 7 / 12 ) (12 7)
10,5
=
3
L min
L min 2 100 10

Mt khc, trong qu trnh ng/ngt, transistor phi tri qua mt giai on

chuyn gia hai trng thi, v do sinh ra tn tht cng sut trn n. iu ny
c ngha l khi tn s lm vic cng ln (cng c nhiu ln ng/ngt linh kin
trong mt n v thi gian) th tn tht chuyn mch cng ln, v l mt
trong nhng l do khin tn s lm vic ca mch b gii hn. Nhng vic nng
cao tn s lm vic s gip gim kch thc v khi lng ca cc linh kin, v
tng mt cng sut.
Chn tn s xung nhp gi tr trung bnh f=10Khz tho mn cc yu cu
trn. T ta c gi tr t C1:
f =

Tnh gi tr t C1:
=>

C1 =

1,4
( R1 + 2 R 2) C1

1,4
1,4
=
10 nF
( R1 + 2 R 2) f
( 2 + 2 5) 10 3 10 4

Chn gi tr t C1=10nF
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Tnh ton cho mch bin p:

Tnh ton cun cm L:
Theo gi thit, cun dy l tng tc l in tr trong rt nh, c th b qua
c. Hn na, dy qun cn chu c dng cm ng qua cun dy. Do tit
din dy qun phi ln (R = l/S). Chn ng knh dy qun l 1mm
t cm ca cun dy tho mn ln hn gi tr Lmin . Gi tr Lmin tnh
ton nh sau:
Lmin= 10,5/f = 10,5/10000 = 0,1(mH)
Gi tr cun dy ny l gi tr nh nht m bo rng dng qua ti l lin tc
(gi tr tc thi lun > 0). Do , chn cun cm c t cm L = 0.1mH
Cch qun cun cm:
Vi li khng kh c t thm =1. Ta c:
L = 4 10 7

L = 4 10 7

Hay

N 2S
l

N .S
d

Trong :
S - tit din ngang ca cun dy ( m2)
N - s vng qun (vng)
d - ng knh si dy qun (m)
l - chiu di cun dy (m). Ta c l=N.d
Thay gi tr L=0.1mH:
0.110 3 = 4 3.14 10 7

N.S
d

N .S
= 80
d

Do ng knh si dy qun chn trn d=1mm. Chn N=80 (vng),

S=0.001(m2)=.R2
ng knh li qun dy:

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R=

GVHD: L Vn Chng
S
3.14

0.001
3.14

=1,7(cm)

Vy cun dy qun li khng kh, ng knh dy qun d=1mm; ng knh

vng qun l D=2R=3,4cm; qun 80 vng. Ta s dng dy ng v chng rt
ph bin.
Tnh ton t C:
Thnh phn xoay chiu ca dng in qua in cm s i qua t in
ng ra. Vi dng in qua in cm c dng tam gic, in p trn t in ng
ra s l cc on a thc bc hai ni vi nhau (xt trong mt chu k chuyn
mch). Lng in tch c np vo t in khi dng in qua in cm ln
hn dng in trung bnh s l IT/2. Nu biu din theo in dung v in p
trn t in th lng in tch ny bng CV. Trong , I l bin ca
thnh phn xoay chiu ca dng in qua in cm, cn V l thay i in
p trn t khi np (cng nh khi x, xt trng thi xc lp). Nh vy, chng ta
c th xc nh gi tr ca t in da vo ng thc sau:
IT/2 = CV
I c xc nh trn, bng hai ln dng in ti Iout,min. Vi nhp nh
in p ra V=100mV ta c:
C=

1 I
1 2 0 .1
T =
10 4 = 100 F
2 V
2
0 .1

Chn gi tr t lc u ra loi 100F, 35V.

it ta s dng it Schottky, chn loi 1N5820.
Sau khi tnh ton, ta tin hnh ghp mch theo s nguyn l nh hnh 2.5

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III. LP RP MCH THC T:

Sau khi tnh ton linh kin ta tin hnh v mch in theo mch nguyn l.
Sau y l s mch in, trong gi tr cc linh kin tnh ton trn:
Bottom View

Top view

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KT LUN CHUNG
1.Nhn xt
Mch bin i ngun l thit b c ng dng rng ri trong thc
t, n c thit da trn nguyn tc hot ng chung ca
ngun xung.Trong bi tp n ny em ch trnh by mt
trong cc dng ca ngun xung v trnh by mt s chc nng
thng dng ca kha mch bin i in p t 5V DC 12VDC.
Do kinh nghim thc t v thi gian cn hn ch, kh nng
hiu bit ca em cn hn hp do trong khi thc hin lm
n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st nn chng em rt
mong nhn c s nh gi ch bo, ng gp kin ca cc
thy c v ton th cc bn ti c hon thin hn.

2.Hng pht trin

Ngy nay khoa hc k thut ngy cng pht trin, c
bit l in t, khng nhng th trnh hiu bit ca con
ngi ngy cng c nng cao. Do mch tng p ngy cng c
thit k n gin, hiu qu, tuyt i m bo an ton cht
lng.
Trong ti ny em chn gii php mch tng p 5VDC ln
12VDC v n n gin, an ton v c nhiu ng dng trong thc t.

3. xut
Sch gio khoa ti liu cc ngun thng tin trong qu
trnh hc tp, lm bi tp, lm n i vi sinh vin l rt
quan trng. N nh hng trc tip n cht lng hc tp ca
sinh vin cng nh nh hng n cht lng n. Nhng trong
qu trnh hc tp v lm n th chng em thy s lng sch
v ti liu chuyn ngnh trong th vin nh trng cn rt hn
ch c bit v sch chuyn ngnh khng mang tnh cp
nht p ng nhu cu hc tp, nghin cu ca sinh vin.
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Do vy, em mong rng th vin ca nh trng c nhiu sch, ti

liu hn c th tm hiu v nghin cu su hn.
Mt khc em thy rng hc i i vi hnh. Song song vi
vic hc l thuyt trn lp th vic nghin cu ti liu cng rt
cn thit. Nh vy cn phi c y trang thit b h tr
em trong qu trnh thc hnh. Em thy trang thit b trong
nh trng cn nhiu hn ch, sinh vin t c thc hnh c
bit l thit b in t. Em mong c nhiu trang thit b
c thc hnh nhiu hn.

4. Kt lun
Trong thi gian thc hin n, di s hng dn tn tnh
ca gio vin L Vn Chng, cng vi s c gng ca c nhn,
em hon thnh xong n ny. Tuy c nhiu c gng
trong vic tm ti v thc hin, song vn khng trnh khi
nhng thiu st v sai lm. Chng em mong nhn c kin
nh gi t thy gio L Vn Chng cng cc thy c gio khc
trong khoa cng nh tt c cc kin nh gi qu bu khc ca
cc bn sinh vin.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !
Vinh, ngy 23 thng 06 nm 2011
Sinh vin thc hin

NGUY
N TRUNG KIN

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Ti liu tham kho

1. Cc trang web, forum v in t - Vin thng nh dientuvietnam.net,
hoiquandtvt.net .
2. K thut mch in t..
3.

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