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The Economist October 29th 2022
W hy do readers love books? For wis
dom and wit, the lift of comedy and
the noble pain of tragedy; for advice, com
mation before. Compared with bound
paper books, however, they were cumber
some. The average length of such scrolls
readers) still dream of discovering a lost
play by Euripides or new poems by Horace.
But when some of 1,000 carbonised scrolls
fort and entertainment. But content and was three metres or so; both hands were from Herculaneum were painstakingly
sentiment apart, they are loved as objects. needed to cope with them. picked apart and scrutinised by infrared
Most fit into the hand like friends, crisply Ancient writing, too, was like an im light, nothing emerged but obscure philo
tight and new, or warm, worn and well penetrable forest until, slowly, punctua sophical treatises.
loved. There is satisfaction, as well as an tion and spacing emerged. These were not The copying of scrolls and early books
ticipation, in the turning of their pages. needed at first because readers in the an was an industry in itself. In the Roman
Like the wheel, or scissors, the design of cient world read aloud, feeling their way world it was often done by slaves, carefully
the book is so perfect that from the first through by voice as well as eye. (St Augus reproducing books their masters wished to
boundandpaged versions, the codices of tine, in the 4th century, was astonished to possess. They might well end up wiser
the 4th century or so, it has never needed meet a man who read silently.) For Ms Val than their owners; the cunning slave was a
changing. Despite the advent of Kindles lejo, much of the fascination of books lies stock character of Roman plays, and many
and ebooks, the original design continues in the fixing of puffs of air into visible slaves ran libraries. Ms Vallejo compares
to cascade from presses all over the globe. letters and signs. this tellingly with the situation of slaves in
Every 30 seconds, a new book appears. the American South, who were often
Irene Vallejo, a Spanish journalist and I bring thee word whipped or maimed if they showed any in
scholar, has a writer’s passion for books Fragile as they were, such books bound the terest in reading. Illiteracy remained so
and a classicist’s fascination with the way ancient world together. The most famous common in the southern states that, in the
they came to be. She is also imaginative, author by far was Homer, even though his 1930s, the government sent young women
lively and contemporary. In her hands true identity is unknown, and the most out on horseback to bring reading, and
written texts are not only a sensual plea popular work was his “Iliad”, which the books, to people who barely knew them.
sure, but living and frequently disruptive. great Alexander took on his campaigns and This also fits Ms Vallejo’s agenda. She
The first committing of words and spo kept under his pillow. As ruler of Egypt, strives mightily to excavate hidden wom
ken stories to papyrus scrolls was, she Ptolemy sent out bookhunters to every en, who were not supposed to have any
says, as unsettling as the coming of the part of the known world to stock the great role in the earliest history of books—or, in
internet, multiplying the communication library at Alexandria, which was open to deed, of speaking. As Telemachus bluntly
of ideas and, at the same time, seeming to everyone and to every language. Mark An told his mother Penelope in Homer’s “Od
coarsen them and freeze their human yssey”, “Speech is for men.” But Ms Vallejo
spontaneity. Socrates thought written attributes to Sappho, the single substantial
texts would increase forgetfulness, be female voice from the Greek literary world,
cause human beings would cease to rely on a revolution in thinking: open, written,
memory to tell stories. Plato worried that personal defiance. (“Some say there is
they would rot the moral fibre of his Re nothing finer on this dark earth than an ar
public. On the contrary, they spread liter my of horses, or an army of men...but I say
ary appreciation everywhere. More than 50 that your lover is the most beautiful sight
quotes from Virgil were scrawled on the of all.”) At school it was a woman, tall, thin
walls of Pompeii. and nervous, who taught Ms Vallejo to love
Vesuvius immolated many texts. The Greek. And it was her mother—as it is so of
Roman emperor Domitian burned far ten mothers and aunts—who told her the
more; the Nazi “bibliocaust” in the 1930s old stories, lulling her asleep with them.
saw the works of 5,500 authors go up in Readers will not snooze through this
flames. Books were often dangerous. In the work. Ms Vallejo has a notable talent for
ancient world copies of great but conten evoking ancient scenes. Her description,
tious works were hidden to be copied for example, of the poet Martial returning
again, or committed to memory, as friends to Spain from Rome, near the end of the
in Stalinist Russia preserved in their book, is masterly. And her enthusiasm for
minds the poems of Anna Akhmatova. Ms classical texts quickly moves them to the
Vallejo’s father once found, in a second top of any reading list. Who’d have thought
hand bookshop, a copy of “Don Quixote” that this reviewer’s latest Amazon order
that also contained, clandestinely, writ would be for Herodotus’s “Histories” and
ings by Karl Marx that were forbidden in A good reed Hesiod’s “Works and Days”? n
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