WEEK 03

DAY 04
Treaty of Hudaibiya 6A.H/628 A.D
Background:
• The Prophet saw a dream to visit Kaabah and decided to perform Umra.
The Quran says, “Truly did Allah fulfil the vision for His Messenger: ye shall enter the Sacred Mosque, if
Allah wills, with minds secure, and without fear.” (48:27)
About 1400 unarmed Muslims, clad in two sheets of unsewn cloth, departed for Mecca in February, 628 A.D.
/ 6 A.H.
• The Muslim had left Madina in a State of ihram, so were prohibited from fighting. As the Meccans
refused to allow them to enter, they stayed at Hudabiyah close to Mecca.
• For negotiations with Quraish 2 messengers were sent one after the other but they were detained
and finally Hazrat Usman was sent. When he did not return , a rumour broke out that he was killed.
• After hearing this, the Prophet called his companions to take a pledge on his hand to lay down their
lives for the sake of Islam and avenge the blood of Hazrat Usman. The Quran says, “Allah indeed
was pleased with the believers, when the swore allegiance to you under the tree and He knew
what was in their hearts, so he sent down peace on them and rewarded them with clear victory.”
[48:18]
As this oath was taken for God’s pleasure under a tree, it is known as ‘Bait-e-Rizwan’. Apprehended by this,
the Quraish sent the messengers including Hazrat Usman back.
It also influenced the Quraish into negotiating a treaty. They sent Sohail bin Amr to negotiate a peace treaty.
(TERMS/CLAUSES)
1. -Muslims would return to Madinah that year without performing Umrah.
2. -They would be permitted to come for Pilgrimage next year but would stay only for three days in
Makkah.
3. -If a Quraish from Makkah should join the Muslims without permission from his guardians, he would
be sent back to Makkah. But if a Muslim from Madinah went to Makkah he would not be sent back.
4. -There would be no fighting for ten years.
5. Muslims would be allowed to visit Makkah and Makkans would be allowed to go to Syria through
Muslim area and their trade caravans would not be attacked by the Muslims.
6. -Any of the Arab tribes might enter into treaty or alliance with either Muslims or Quraish.
7. It was also decided that they would not fight against the allies of each other.
After:
• Apparently, the terms of the treaty were against the interest of the Muslims, and many Muslims
including Hazrat Umar were unhappy with these terms. Umar asked why the Muslims were demeaning their
religion and was reassured by Abu Bakr and the Prophet.
• Ali was chosen to write the treaty. When the Prophet asked him to write in the name of Allah, the
merciful, the compassionate or that the Prophet was the Messenger of Allah. Suhail objected and instead
the Prophet erased it and had Ali write in your name O God and Muhammad son of Abdullah to which the
Muslims protested.
• At that point Suhail bin Amr’s sons Abu Jandal came to the Prophet asking to be freed. But the
Prophet kept to the terms of the treaty and told him to be patient. Once they completed the document the
Prophet asked the Muslims to sacrifice their animals and shaves their heads.
• The Prophet said that Muslims had been victorious and was supported in this by new revelation
“Verily we have granted thee a manifest victory”(48:1)
• The Khuza’a tribe made a pact with the Muslims and the Banu Bakr made a pact with the Quraish.
(b) From this event, what can Muslims learn about the importance of keeping their word? [4]
 • The Prophet kept his word to the Quraysh for the duration of the treaty. Even before the treaty was
finished being written, he sent Abu Jandal back to the Quraysh, on account of an agreement having
been made verbally.
• This shows the importance of promising to do something, then fulfilling that action, even if it has
not been put into writing.
• As all actions and agreements are recorded by angels, God knows what has been promised and by
fulfilling promises, no matter how hard it is, then God will reward you accordingly.
• So, e.g. politicians should not go back on the things they promise when they want to be elected, or
people should not take back something that they have promised to give a friend.

Letters to King and Emperors:

Late in the six year after hijra, on his return from Hudaibiyah, the Prophet Muhammad , decided to send
messages to the kings beyond Arabia calling them to Islam. In order to authenticate the credentials of his
envoys, a silver seal was made in which were graven the words: "Muhammad the Messenger of Allâh"
1. Heraclius, the Emperor of Byzantine
The Prophet (p.b.u.h) sent his envoy Dahyah Kalbi to Heraclius, the Byzantine Emperor, inviting him to
Islam. Heraclius wanted to know more about the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and sent his people to find out all they
could. Abu Sufyan happened to be in Ghazzah on a business trip and he was brought to the court.
Heraclius asked him many questions about Prophet (p.b.u.h). Abu Sufyan testified to the morals and the
character of the Prophet (p.b.u.h). When Heraclius heard Abu Sufyan’s answers, he was certain that
Muhammad (p.b.u.h) was a prophet of Allah; however, he did not accept Islam under the influence of his
court. He was nevertheless courteous to the envoy and paid him due respect.
2. Muqawqis of Egypt
Hatib bin abi Baitah (r.a) was sent to Egypt. Muqawqis the king of Egypt was a Coptic Christian. When the
king read the letter, he said that he knew that a prophet was to appear, but according to his knowledge
that prophet would come in Syria. Muqawqis did not accept Islam, however he was courteous to the
envoy, and sent gifts to the Prophet (p.b.u.h) among them were two Coptic Christian ladies named Mariyah
and Sirin and a mare. The Prophet (p.b.u.h) gave Sirin to Hassan ibn Thabit and he took Mariyah as his wife,
she was mother of his son Ibrahim.
3. Chosroes, Emperor of Persia
Abdullah bin Abi Hudaifah was sent to Chosroes (Khusrau Pervez), the Emperor of Persia. When Chosroes
saw the name of Allah and Muhammad (p.b.u.h) at the top of the letter, he was furious and tore the letter
into pieces. When the messenger of Allah heard about the Chosroes’ reaction, he predicted that soon his
empire would be torn up. The Persian Empire was spread as far as Yemen, hence Chosroes commanded
the governor of Yemen to arrest the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and bring him to his court. When his men came to
arrest the Prophet (p.b.u.h), he told them that their king was already dead. They were so impressed by the
prophecy that they accepted Islam.
4. Negus, Emperor of Abyssinia
Negus, the Emperor of Abyssinia was a Christian ruler. He had earlier given shelter to the Muslims when
they migrated to Abyssinia to escape persecution at the hand of Quraish. Umro bin Ummayyah was sent
to Abyssinia to invite Negus to Islam. He accepted Islam and he showed great respect to the envoy. He also
sent presents to the Prophet (p.b.u.h). Negus died during the lifetime of the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and he
offered funeral prayers for Negus when he heard of his death.
5. Abd and Jaifar, the rulers of Oman
Abd and Jaifar, were joint Kings of Oman at that time. The letter was sent through ‘Amr Ibn al-‘Aas. This
letter was sent asking the people of Oman to convert to Islam.”
So in response to the letter, Oman was the first country to convert to Islam without any war. It is said that
 the Prophet (peace be upon him) made a prayer for the Omani people that they will never have enemies
from outside.”
6. Munzir ibn Sawa, Governor of Bahrain
The Prophet , despatched ‘Al-‘Ala’ bin Al-Hadrami to the governor of Bahrain, carrying a letter inviting him
to embrace Islam. In reply, Munzir bin Sawa accepted Islam and wrote the following letter: "Allâh’s
Messenger ! I received your injunctions. Prior to this, I read your letter, which you wrote to the people of
Bahrain extending to them an invitation to Islam. Islam appealed to some of them and they entered the fold
of Islam, while others did not find it appealing."
7. Harith Ghassani , King of Damascus
Hazrat Shuja bin Wahab was sent to Harith Ghassani, the king of Damascus was very angry at reading the
letter. He ordered his armies to attack the Holy Prophet. Muslims were awaiting his onslaught, but the armies
never appeared.

(a) Main theme: [2 marks]

• These verses of Surah al Alaq, a makkansurah, present the fundamental Quranic theme of Allah’s
relationship with the created world. This passage was the first revelation to the Holy Prophet
(pbuh). It mentions God power to create and ensure the survival growth of mankind.
• it gives the message to acquire knowledge by reading and writing. Humans and animals have
the same origin “clot of congealed blood” but Allah has blessed humans with a high destiny by
giving them the ability to use the Pen.
• It dignifies God as the greatest teacher who taught all forms of knowledge to the humans and
made them superior to other creatures. Quran says, “ and He taught Adam the names of all
things.” This is even more noticeable and important in the spiritual world.
• Iqra is command to read the signs the Created places in creation to understand His mercy,
Wisdom and power.
(b) Importance: [2 marks]
• These teachings also help Muslims to see God’s power, which is seen in the way He is able to
create humans. After creation, He shows care for his creatures by sending revealed scriptures so
they are not left on their own.
• Knowledge is a link between man and God.pen implies reading, writing, books, study, research
etc. Seeking knowledge is encouraged and so humankind should try their best to learn
throughout their lives, especially religious knowledge so they can get to know their Lord.
• Knowledge of each subject e.g religion, science etc has its own value and acquiring knowledge
is rewarded like performing additional prayers or fasting.
 • It also helps Muslims understand how prophethood and Islam started and they should reflect
upon what God has sent down for them to help them live their lives. So they should be grateful
to God and do their best for spreading knowledge and eliminating illiteracy and ignorance.

( a)Main Theme: [2 marks]

• Surah Zilzal, a madni surah, presents the fundamental quranic theme of God’s relationship with the
created world.
• It depicts the last day and the end of time when everything known will be destroyed by a tremendous
and more far-reaching convulsion than any earthquake we know. The Quran says, “When the earth
is flattened out and throws out whatever it contains and gets empty.” [Ch 84: V 3-4]
• On the day of resurrection the dead will be raised from their graves and the justice will be done in
the light of the truth. In this world good and evil are mixed together. But on that day each grade of
good and evil will be sorted out.
• people will be responsible for their actions on earth and given their accounts; God will give people
their accounts, which will take them to Heaven or Hell.
(b)Importance: [2 marks]
• This Surah is a warning for people to give up their lives of sin, and and be obedient to Allah. The
last day creates a fear of accountability, reminding Muslims to stay on the straight path. It
reminds them of resurrection and the last day which is an article of faith in Islam.
• Good deeds will be rewarded encouraging Muslims to do good at all times, e.g. praying, being
honest and helping others. It keeps them away from sins e.g lying,cheating, gossiping, not fasting
etc.
• It helps Muslims understand the temporary nature of the world which stops them being
distracted by worldly things, fashion or money, etc .