us United States cz) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2014/0151300 Al oy oy 2 0) en @ oy Savage et al WATER TREATMENT PROCESS FOR HK SALINITY PRODUCED WATE] Applicant: WATER & POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., Sat Lake City, UT(US) Inventors: Jeffrey D. Savage, Sandy UT (US) ‘oseph C. Jimerson, Course, TX (US) urs) Assignee: WATER & POWER TECHNOLOGIES, INC., Sat Lake City, UT (US) Appl. No. 19/705,445 Filed: Dee. 8, 2012 Publication Int. Cl. E21 3106 (2006.01) coz 900 (2006.01) IAI (4s) Pub, Date: Jun. 5, 2014 (2) use. cr £218 21063 2013.0); €02E 9/00 201300) USPC nn 210/638; 210/641; 2101630 210/202 210/199; 210/195.2: 210177 ABSTRACT Processes and systems for treating h salinity aqueous fig vids containing dissolved minerals, suspended solid, coll dal solid, froe oil and grease, dissolved organics, and dis- solved hydrocarbons, “The Tiguid is passed into an lectmooagulation system in Bid communication with a sl- ids removal clarifier, pressurized ultrafltration system, the draw side of forward osmosis, andadilute draw water reverse ‘osmosis system, Impaired water with high sulfate coatent is ‘used ase source of deionized water fr dilution of te forward ‘osmosis craw solution, After concentration, the forward ‘osmosis feed solution s further reated by Time soda solening ‘and sludge from the softening system may be reeycled 10 increase hardness precipitation and silica removal, the outfall from which may be treated by separate ultrafiltration system and feed water reverse osmosis system, Concentrate from the feed water reverse osmosis system eat be treated to offer 1 zero liquid o near zoo liquid dischargePatent Application Publication Jun. 5, 2014 Sheet 1 of 4 US 2014/0151300 AI Storage Tank 18 *| Osmosis 2 Settler Lime Soda mw Ultrafiltration. i | Filtration Draw Ultafiluation a of of z Osmosis £6 | “and Solids — | 64 Reverse | 99 Optionat | 54 Pure Water Osmosis Evaporator Discharge Ceyatallizee r)Patent Application Publication Jun. 5, 2014 Sheet 2 of 4 US 2014/0151300 AI FIGURE 2 00 36] 302 Blectrocoagulation ] 75 [ Electrocoagulation System #4 Cleaning System a4 + 305 Eleetrocoagulation Outta Clearwell 36 320 Clarifier Tube Se 3% 31 + 330 Clarifier Tube Seiler Cleacwell 38 + 340 Ulrafilration Feed Tank © 1 362 or 360 78 Uitaftation Uitratitation system 22} Cleaning System 41 + 365 Utrafation Filtrate Collection {42 ClearwellPatent Application Publication Jun. 5, 2014 Sheet 3 of 4 US 2014/0151300 AI FIGURE 3 64 4 Lime Silo, Lime] g7[ Lime Addition Tank Sodium Carbonate Slaker, and Lime F>>} Silo and Feed Feed System System 70 aif 2 Inlet Alkalization ee tel Lime Soda Soficner 20) 390 wl] 90, Lime Soda Soflener Clearwell 10B | L 10 Disc Filtration 66 > Ww 120 1 Ultrafitration| 86_[Uafittraion system #824 Cleaning System pp Lis gs [_ Ulvafitration oy = Fittate Storage Tank 14Patent Application Publication Jun. 5, 2014. Sheet 4 of 4 US 2014/0151300 AI FIGURE 4 202 207 ‘Antiscalant and Sodium Hydroxide Feed Dispersant ‘System for Permeate pH Feed System ‘Adjustment 5, i, 200 Reverse Osmosis 4 FO Diluted Draw >) System 74 FO Draw Reclaim > | 208 a Reverse Osmosis A Died ate A a] ceninsuen 54, ma Pure Water Caleium Chloride Discharge Feed System for SAR Adjustment Optional Boron Selective fon Exchange System Ufa > 215.US 2014/0151300 Al WATER TREATMENT PROCESS FOR HIGH. ‘SALINITY PRODUCED WATER ‘TECHNICAL FIELD 10001) The present disclosure relates tothe removal of so- utes froma high salinity aqueous solvent, moce particulary, totheremoval ofsalutes preset in il and gas produced water ‘and hydravlic fracturing flow back wate oa level sufficient to meet state and/or federal requirements for discharge and beneficial use ofthe tented water. BACKGROUND 0002] Oil and natural gas demand increases have resulted fn the inereased use of unconventional methods of exploni- tion and production, Directional drilling and hydraulic frve- turing techniques have been developed and successfully ‘employed to permit the economic recovery of oil and natural tas from known reserves that cannot be accested by conven: tional means. Among the most productive unconventionsl resources aze plays into shale that yield natural gas, gas con- densates, and erie oil, Among the most sueeessil plas in shale for these hydrocarbon resources ae the North Americua ormations suchas the Rocky Motintain are that nels the Powder River Basin, Wind River Basia, ae Greater Groen River Basin in Wyoming, the Uinta Basin in Utah, the San Juan Basin in New Mexico, and the Pioeance Basin and Deaver Basin in Colorado Other important areas for wacon- ventional yas and ol pays into shale include the Utiea, Hora River, Niobrara, Bakken, Wood!ord, Fayetoville,Bagle Ford, Marcellus, Haynesville, and Barnett formations 10003] Theirst commercial hydraulic fracturing foroiland tas produetion was performed by Halliburton on Mat 17, 1949 in Stephens County, Okla. and Archer County, Tex. under a licensing agreement with Stanolind Oil. Fracture stimulation is known to increase the production rate of a well ‘and add tothe knowa reserves, providing access to ydro= ‘carbon resources previously unrealized. Combined with ‘directional drilling into deep formations, resulted in oil and gas proivtion in ko ‘unproductive when drilled vertically using. conventional methods. 10008} Hydraulic fracturing requires a source of water since the fide used are predominately water. Depending on the nature ofthe hydraulic facturing uid used the makeup water required can havea high quality equirement, often ofa ‘quality similar to drinkiog water, In other instances the ‘makeup watercan have alower quality. hydraulic facturing ‘fa single well can require on the average between two (2) rion and four 4) million gallons of water for deep uncon- ventional shale reservoirs. After hydraulic fractre stim tion is complete, the fracturing fluid flows back to the surface for a period of time. This flow back water often requires treatment for enclicil reuse ors often collected for disposal by deep well injection, 10005] After the flow back period ends and the wells i production, the hydrocarbon that flows to the surface is ‘accompanied by produced water from the formation that has to be treated or disposed of alerts separated from the oil or as. In certain locations this produced water can have avery high concentration of dissolved solids, some formation oF produced waters approaching near saturated concentrations ‘fsadium chloride. The produced water can also contain high ‘concentrations of dissolved onzancs, ammonia, boron slic, Jun. 5, 2014 reuse ofthe water Without treatment, Inthe current practi there is lite allerative bu o dispose ofthe produced water by deep well injection sometimes at 3,000 t0 6,000 foot reghiring significant energy costo perform the pumping. Often the high salinity produced water has tobe diluted with fesh water or flow hack water before disposal by deep well injetion. Operators will blend flow back water andthe pro- duced water before filtration and deep well injection as & sual practice, [0006] Insomelocatons, particularly in the Bakken forma- tion areas of Faster Montana and Westem North Dakot there are abundant sources of fresh water that are impaired «duet ahigh concentration of sulfate. The high sulfate water fan be Found ia shallow wells and i abundantly Fund i the well-studied Dakota Aquifer. The high sulfate impaired water is unable to be used as potable water, livestock water, iriga- ‘ion water, oF for hydraulic fracturing because of the sulfate [0007] Given the challenges and cost of disposing high salinity produced water and flow hack water, the searcity of fresh Water sources for the makeup of hydraulic fracturing ‘uid and the existence of an impaired water high in sulfate ‘concentration tht has very limited beneficial use, particularly ‘nares such asthe Bakken formation area, there isa need in cally removes ata high racoveny the various solutes to con- ‘ealrations that are acceptable for hydraulic Rectang, i= gation water use, livestock water use, or surface discharge Under various state and/or federal regulations, completely above ground, eliminating or dramatically reducing the ned {or disposal by deep well injection ass curently practiced in the oil and gos industry. SUMMARY, [008] The present disclosure includes methods and sys- {ems for treating an aqueous liquid containing dissolved min- cals fre oil and grease suspended solids colloidal material, and dissolved hydrocarbons. In one illustrative embodiment, suehamethod may comprise passing high salinity produced ‘water containing dissolved mineral, fre oil and grease, sus- pended solids, colloidal material, and dissolved hydrocar- bons through an eletrocoagulation system at an unas pH TheciTluen om theeleetrmcoagulationsystem may then ss toa quiescence zone of ant inclined plate or inclined tube style clarifier, andthe clarifier effluent then passed through ‘lirafitraton and the draw solution de of forward osmosis system prior to treatment by a reverse osmosis system. The h salinity produced water and flow back water may be luted in te forward osmosis system by high purty deion- Jed water drawn getoss a semipermeable membrane at lox? pressure from high sulfate impaired water of lower salinity ‘which is wsed asa feed water soutee forthe forward osmosis system, The concenteated feed water from the forward osmio- sis system may be further treated by lime soda softening for hardness and silica removal, and passed through a separate ultrafiltration system prior to treatment aller pH adjustment asmay be required by a second reverse osmosis system oper- ‘ating at high rocovery. [0009] In certain embodiments the methods may further include one or more additional treatments Tor the eoncen- trated feed water from the forward osmosis system enarse {itration in uid eon fon with a feed water storageUS 2014/0151300 Al tank; a lime soda softener relying on Time and sodium ear- bonate (Soda ash) addition for silica and hardness removal (Gee US, Pat. Nos. 7,520,993 and 7,718,069) in liquid eom- ‘munication with an ulafluation process; recycling atleast a part ofa precipitate sludge produced bythe lime soda softener back into the lime soda softener passing the frat from the ulteafiteation process to a feed water reverse osmosis system collecting the peaneate as pare water and fuser rocovering ‘water by treating the feed water reverse osmosis concentrate ‘with an evaporator and erysallizer providing for a near zero ‘or zero liguid discharge from the process; producing a dis ‘charge waler meeting local irrigation Water and surface Water slischarge regulations, combining the feed water reverse ‘osmosis permeate with evaporator and crystllizer conden sate; and combinations and alterations thereof, [0010] In some embodiments, the methods may’ furher fnchide one or more ofthe following to teat draw water used Jor the forward osmosis system, whieh can be high salinity produced water, lw back Water, reverse osmosis concentrate from treating the diluted draw wate, ether alone of in com- bination: an eletrocoagulation system based on the patented technology of Seat Wade Powell (se US. Pat. Nos. 8 048, 270; 1.758,742: 7.211, 188; 6488835; 6,139,710; and 8133, 382) for the removal of suspended solids, colloidal solids, dissolved hydrocarbons, fee oil and grease, silica, and dis solved organics in liguid communication with an inclined plate, inclined tube, or solids contoet clarifier, pussing the ‘outfil fom the clarifier oa pressurized ultailtationsystem, that has liquid communication with a draw solution stomaze tank from which the draw sofution is fed to the forward ‘osmosis system: the draw solution eing a combination ofthe ‘electrocoagulated, clarified, and ulated. high salinity produced water and concentrate fom a diluted draw reverse ‘osmosis system: passing a diluted draw solution to a reverse ‘osmosis system collecting the permeate us pure water: pro- ‘ducing a high purity discharge water meeting local irgstion| ‘and surface water discharge regulation combined with the aed water reverse smosispermete and evaporatorandcrys- talizer condense; and combinations and alterations thereof Adjustment of pli prior to a draw water reverse osmosis system and the addition of a caleium salt sued as ealeium chloride into the combined pure water discharge may’be done to meet Sodium Adsoeption Ratio (SAR) nd pH discharge regulations, Further boron removal if ruined fom the high purity discharge water may be accomplished by boron selee- five ion exchange. 10011] In other illusteative embodiments, the system for treating an aqucous liquid solution containing dissolved mie ‘eras, ire ol and grease, suspended solid, colloids solids, ‘and dissolved hydrocarbons comprises pasting high sliity produced water containing dissolved minorls, fee oil and prease, suspended solids, colloidal solids, and dissolved hydrocarbons, ora wastewater steam, through an electroco- ‘agulation system, may use an electrocoagulation system that includes reaction basin witha st of spaced reaction plates where an electrical voltae is applied to selected reactia plates that are vertically aranged to ereate an electric fil Within the esetion chamber and the voltage and amperage of the electric field may be adjusted by the selective placement ‘of reaction plates in electrical contact with a voltage source, ‘The rection plates may be constricted of carbon steel oF aluminum or @ combination of both earbon stel ad al ‘hum, or other suitable material, and the clectrcoagulation treatment may take place with unadjusted pil. The outfall Jun. 5, 2014 {rom the electreoapulation react quiescence zone ofan inclined pl clarifier, and the eacfier effluent may be passed through pressurized ultrafiltration system and the draw solution side ‘of a forward osmosis system prior to treatment by a diluted raw solution everse osmosis system. The high salinity pro- ‘duced! water and flow back water may’be diluted inthe fore ‘ward osmosis system bya high purity deionized water drawn across a semi-permeabie membrane at low pressure from the high sulfate impaired water of lower salinity used a a fod source forthe forward osmosis system. The concentrated eed ‘Water fom the forward osmosis system may be further treated by lime soda softening at ambient temperature for hardness ‘and sili removal, passing though a separate ultallration system prior to trectment by a feed water reverse osmosis system operating at high recovery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OP THE DRAWINGS. [0012] The following drawings illustrate exemplary ‘embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure Like reference numerals refer to lke parts in different views or in erent drawings [0013] FIG. 1isaflow char ofa process for water treatment according to first illustative embodiment in aecordance ‘with the principles of the invention [0014] FIG. 2s 8 Now chart of one illustrative process for retreatment for produced water and low back water used as dra solution oF osmolyte for forward osmosis that may be ‘used with the process of FIG. 1 [0015] FIG. 3 isa Mow char of one illustrative process for post-reatment ofan impaired water after concentration ofthe Teed solution by Forward osmosis that may be used with the process of FIG. 1 [0016] FIG. 4s. Mow char of one illustrative process for purifying diluted draw solution from forward osmosis that ‘may be used withthe process oF FIG. 1 DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0017] The present disclosure relates to processes, systems, And methods for treating high sline produced water orsimi- Jar waste water twill be appreciate by those skilled in the ar thatthe embodiments herein described, while illustrative, ‘are nt intended to so limit the invention othe scope ofthe appended claims. Those skilled inthe art will also understand {at various combinations or modifications of the embodi- ‘ments presente herein can be made without departing from the scope ofthe invention, Allsuch alterateembodimentsare ‘within the scope ofthe presen invention. Similarly while the drawings may’ depict ilhstative embodiments of processes, devices, and components in accordance with the present invention and illustrate the principles upon which the system is based, they are only ilustativeand any modification ofthe eatures prevented herein are (© be considered within the scope of the present invention, [0018] Referring oF. 1,thehigh salinity produced water and flow back water from hydeaulie fracturing undergoes oi and gas separation to produce the high salinity produced ‘water indicated at 32, whichis treated by electrosoagulation 300 and the outfall from the lectracoagutatin system enters ‘an inclined plate, inclined tube, or solids contact clarifior, such as clarifier tube settler 320 as indicted at 36, whieh serves to separate the flocculation and coagulation solids rom the electrocoagulated Water. The solids settled in theUS 2014/0151300 Al ‘clarifier are removed asa sludge slury, as shown at $8, while the clarifier effluents pumped tothe ultrafiltration feed tank 40, asshown at 38, The ultrafiltration system 360 may'be fed jin a cross flow pattern with the ultrafiltration feed water as shown at 40, which may be ecireulated back to the ull tration feed tank 340, as shown at 68. Solids that accumulate ‘nthe ultrafiltration feed tank 340 may be removed as sludge sluny; as indicated at 60, and may be combined with the ‘larifier sludge indicated at $8 to form a combined sludge stream, as shown at 62 that is managed in shudge handling ‘an solids discharge system 380, The water ftom the sludge handling system may be recovered boek othe clarifier 320, as shown at 66, The ultrafiltration filtrate is eollected in the forward osmosis draw solution storage tank 180, as shown at 2. [0019] One suitable ultrafiltration membrane which ean be ted for the ultrafiltration 360 isa fouling resistant spiral ‘wound ultrafiltration membrane avaiable from by Hydration ‘Technology Innovations under the trde name and model Sepramem 8040 UF-CS, which inehudes a hydrophilic pro- Prictary hydrolyzed cellulose ester membrane material ad 2 100 mil 0.100" corrugated foed spacer Itwill be appreciated that other suitable membranes having the appropriate prop- ‘erties may also be used, The electrocoagulation system 3000, ‘combination with the carfier 320 and ultrafiltration systema 360 targets an elimination of suspended solids, colloidal sol- ids, dissolved organics, dissolved hydrocarhons, and fee oil and grease that are present inthe produced water and flow back water being tested 10020] Referring further to FIG. 1. forward osmosis 160 is tased t treat the collected draw solution by feeding impaired aed water 2 into filtration 40, sue as dis ilteation or simile fikraton technology before itis used as a forward osmosis ‘efor forward osmosis 160, One suitable forward osmosis iembrane sedis the Osmem Model 8040 FOCTA MS-P-M manufactured. by Hydration Technology _Tanovations, though it will be appreciated tha similar products and any Suitable membrane may be used. Such membranes have low fouling tendencies and may be manufactured in a spiral wound configuration from cellulose triacetate material. Some ‘examples are described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos 12/965,874 and 12/720,633 and U.S, Pat. No. 4,033,878, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein, Forwant osmosis 160 uses an impaired feed water high in sullates or other contaminants after filtration 40 and storage 60 asa source of pure Water afer iis drawn across a semi permeable membrane, as shown a 18, diluting the draw solu- tion drawn fom the draw solution storage tank 180 and shown at 70, and which is recirculated back to the draw solution tank 180 as shown at 72. The fsd water i concen- trated ws itis rociromated back tothe Teed water stomige tank 60, as indicated at 24. The concentrated food water may be ‘urher treated by lime soda softener 800s indicated at Sand the softener outfall fitered by dise filtration 100, as shown at 10, snd ulafilteation 120, ss shown at 12, before the uleail- tration filtrate is further treated at high recovery by reverse ‘osmosis 140, 2s indicated at 14, The feed water reverse osino= sissystem 140 permeate may becollected as a pure water for discharge $4, a8 shown at 16. Te feed water reverse osmosis system permeate shown at 16 may be blended with thedited ‘dra solution reverse osmosis system 200 permeate shown at ‘46.and aay distillate fom an aptional evaporator and crystal Tizer 220 (where present) a shown at 48, Jun. 5, 2014 [0021] The ime soda softener 80 has sludge srry that may be processed in the sludge handling and solids discharge system 64, As indieated at 20, tbe ime soda softener 80 sludge sluryy may be combiiied with the crystillized solids ‘rom the optional evaporatoranderystalizer 220, as indicated a1 80, o provide for common feed shown at $6 0 the sludge handing and solids discharge 300, [0022] Referring furtherto FIG. 1,the forward osmosis 160 daw solution shown at 70 becomes diluted with deionized ‘water drawn fom the feed solution and the difuted draw solution is passed to the reverse osmosis system 200, as shown at 72. The permeate from the reverse osmesis system 200 may be collected as indicated at 46 as pure water for discharge as indicated at 4 andl may be blended with the fod water reverse osmosis peneate shown at 16 ai te dtllate ‘rom the optional evaporator and erstallizer (where present) shown at 4810 form a common pure water stream, 2s indi- cated at 52. The concentrate from the draw solution reverse ‘osmosis system 200 may be recycled back fo the draw sol ‘ion storage tank 180, as shown at 74 [0023] _ FIG. 2 illustrates one process for pretreatment ofthe igh saline prodhced water ax Now back water indicated a 32 where the electrocoagulation system 300 is designed to include a cleaning system 302. In such a process, a dilute hydrochloric acid based cleaning solution is fed tothe elee- ‘eocoazulation system 300.8 shown at 78, and returned tothe cleetmooaguation cleaning system 302, as shown at 76. It will be appreviated thatthe periodic cleaning may be eon- {ducted at sitable intervals based on the specific application of the system and the contaminants present inthe water 32 The clectecoagulation system 300, the inclined plat inclined tbe or solids contact clarifier 320, and the ule tration system 360 are all designed to include clearwells 308, 0,365, Treated water Irom these processes indicated at 34, 7,1 may be pumped as required tothe indicat a 96, 38,42, respectively. The ulraitration sytem 4360) may inclade a cleaning system 362 that penis the periodic cleaning of the membrane filtration system by feed- ng a cleaning solution, as shown at 7, which may be cir culated back to the eleaning system 362, as shown at 78 [0024] FIG. 3 illustrates one process for testment of the ‘concentrated feed solution indicated at 8 from the forward ‘osmosis system (FIG. 1; Tem 160), The ime soda softener system includes a lime silo, lime slaker, and Hime feed system denorlly indicated at 64, 9 socium carbonate (soda ash) silo ‘nd feed system generally indicated at 74, which are in fluid ‘omnmunication with lime soda precipitation softener vessel 80. In one exemplary embodiment, the lime soda softener system comprises a Time silo, lime slaker. and lime food system 64 in uid communication indicated at 67 witha lime addition tank 68, which in tm isin fuid communication, indicated at 81, with an inlet slkalizaton tank 70 ito which the lime, a carrier indicated at (uch as sludge recycled from the lime soda precipitation softener vessel 8D andlor sludge storage tank 384) and concentrated feed water 8 are mixes Recyeling the sludge from the lime soda precipitation soft ener 80 into the lime addition tank 65 as indicate at 89 ean promote particle growth, and improve the removal of sus- pended solids and colloidal and dissolved silica. The shudge ‘may then be dewatered, for example by sending the sludge to filter presses 390, a indicated at 20, and the solid waste 64 isposed of by methods known inthe art. The outfall fom the lime soda sofener 80 may be Further teat by filtration 100 ‘and wleaitration 120, where the wlraitration backwashUS 2014/0151300 Al water or any cross flow concentrate required for maintenance are recovered back though the lime soda softener 80, as indicated at 88 and 86, The concentrated feed water ule tration system 120 may be based on use of a hollow fiber ‘module with an insdo-to-outside flow configuration with PVDF membrunes. One example is the Don Model SEP- 22880 product, The ultrafiltration system 120 may be in Haid ‘commiinication with a cleaning system 125 that permits the Periodic cleaning of the membrane filtration system by feed- 12a cleaning solution, as shown at 87, dhat can be rece Jated back as shown a 88 10025] _ FIG. 4illustatesa process forone embodiment of a dilute daw ater reverse osmosis system 200, a shown in FIG. 1, The dilute draw water reverse osmosis system 200 ‘ay include an antscalant and dispersant foed system 202 that meters an antiscalant and dispersant upstream of the reverse osmosis system, ax showaiat 4, Itmay further include «sodium hydrox feed system 207 for permeste pH ajust- rent as depicied at 47 10 aid i the contol of boron and ‘ammoaium/ammonia concenteations to meet regulation rexjirements, Th dilute draw solution reverse osmosis con- ‘entrate indicated at 74 is recycled back wo the draw solution storage tank (FIG. 4; lem 180) while the dilute draw water reverse osmosis permeate 46 may be blended with the dis tilled water 48 from an evaporator and erystalizer 220 (as shown in E1G. 1) and permeate 16 from the concentrated feed Water reverse osmosis system 140. Inorder to meet dischane and beneficial use requirements the pure water discharge indicated at $4 may require the dition ofa calcium salt such 1s ealeium chloride by inchiding a caleium chloride feed system 210 for Sodium Adsogption Ratio (SAR) adjustments, indicated at $8, The diluted draw water reverse osmosis system 200 may include a eleaing system 208 that ca be shared withthe concentrated feed water reverse osmosis sys- ‘em that permits the periodic cleaning of the reverse osinosis system 200 by feeding a cleaning solution as indicated ot 49 that may be receculated back to the cleaing system 208 as indicated at 43. The inclusion of a boron selective ion ‘exchange system 218 as pat the pure water discharge may be required in order to meet regulation requirements. Example 1 10026] A water treatment system os illustrated in FIG. 1is ‘designed. The system has been designed to treat ahigh saline produced water and flaw back water at a design temperature between 45°F. andl 90° F. with a normal performance design temperature of 70°F. The commercial system based on the assessed technologies (see Example I) i designed to have @ high recovery of beter than 95%, This recovery is further ‘enhanced by the use of thermal evaporation and erystlliza- tion on small liquid waste stream to provide fora ner 2er0 Fiquid discharge treatment process. This high ecovery pro- ‘cess inelides reverse osmosis treatment ofthe concentrated Jimpaired well water after lime soda softening for alkaline ‘earth metals (Calcium, magnesium, barium, strontium) Femoval and silica concentration reduction. Reverse osmosis ‘concentrate from the reatmeat af the diluted dra solutio would be recycled in a closed loop and blended with the Forward osmosis draw solution 10027] A produced water 10,000 bb (420,000 gallons) pee day hatch treatment system will require $4,000 bb] (2,268, (000 gallon) per day of impaired (high sulfate concentration) ‘well water and produce 60,800 bbl (2,853,600 gallons) per day of pure water having a water quality that meets and Jun. 5, 2014 exceeds all North Dakota standard for isigation water, lve- stock water, and drinking water after remineralzation with calcium chloride to meet Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) regulations. Table 1 shows the design water quality for @ ‘ypieal prodced water and flow back water to be used as a draw solution for forward osmosis as well as a design water ‘quality foranimpaired well water to housed a feed solution {or forward osmosis forthe invention method and system. Te impaired well water has a design concentration of 1,300 sngil of sulfate with a TDS of 4.160 mg/l The North Dakota commonly accepted standand of sulfate concentration for ‘drinking Wateris 250 mg!l witha TDS not to exeeed 500 mg/l ‘while the aceeptable concentration of sulftes in inigation and livestock water is less than 450 mg! or 750 mg! with a ‘TDS guideline not toexceed 2,000 mg. although somewater supplies inthe state exceed even the puideline concentrations. Table 2 summarizes some ofthe key North Dakota drinking ‘and insgation Water standards. Table 1 further shows the expected water quality alter each major stage or step of the invention method and system including electrocoagulation ‘with ultrafiltration, concentrated food water reverse osmosis, ilted draw water reverse osmosis, and eineralization and treatment with boron selective ion exchange if required [0028] ‘The high salinity produced water and Row back ‘water Will be treated at ew rate of 700 gpm for 10 hours ia ‘single clotrmcoagulation wit, Two (2) inclined tube settler clarifiers will eat the outfall from the eleeteocoaguation system at « Bow rate of 380 gpm each, The clarifier elllent ‘will be pumped to an ultafilraion feed tank Four (8) 234 _apm filtrate each ultrafiltration banks are designed. treat the lectrcoagulsted water by feeding 1,200 gpm of feed water 190 psig to each bank These ultrafiltration system banks wil ‘each provide 33% of the design flow required for the system, lectrocoagulation is an fective pretreatment for organics removal from il field produced water. The technology when coupled with membre filtration by ultrafiltration is Gesigned to remove up 10 100% of de following organic fentent ofthe prodiced water and flow back water as indie cated in the third reporting column of Table 1 Resovenbe Pele Hyde (TRPH) ee Fry Acer (C2.C8) VEY [029] The clectrocoagulation and ultrafiltration system product water is collected at 700 gpm ina forward osmosis ‘aw solution tank. This tank is also designed to collet cor ‘entra fom the diluted draw solution reverse osmosis 3 fem ata maximum design low rate of 1,900 gpm with 475 _gpm of concentrate lowing ftom each of four (4) 25% diluted ‘draw solution everse osmosis banks, Aer dse filtration ata removal rating of 100 microos or smaller, te impaired well ‘water will be fedas feed water a 3,750 gpaato each of five(S) 25% forwardosmosis hanks while thedraw waters feat 600 ‘gpm to each forward osmosis bank. The Jonwaed ostos system will be nin in @ batch mode with approximately 10 outs per day requize to dilute cut the dra solution with the impaired well water feed solution, The batch process ef ciency is maximized by controlling the blending and further treatment ofthe feed water during its concentration and the draw solution during its dilution in the forward osmosis pro-US 2014/0151300 Al ‘ess, The forward osmosis process is accomplished ata feed ‘Water pressurenot to excoed 65 psig. Oncea slicieat volume ‘of forward osmosis feed water has been concentrated and Torward osmosis dry solution dilate both streams are ure ther tested, 10030] |The designed system treats the concentrated for- ward osmosis feed water with single 40 foot diameter solids ‘contact clarifier with s minima 18 foot water wall in a 20, oot high vessel with a flow mite of 820 gpm. The solids ‘contact clarifier outfall i furher ueated by theee (3) 50% banks of hollow Aber ultafliation modules excl bank ‘designed to treat 410 gpm. Some ofthe ultrafitration filtrate js collected for use for cleaning the ultrafiltration system ‘while 760 gpm of the filtrate is treated by two (2) 380 apm, {ood water reverse asmosis basks operating at 75 to 85% recovery. At 85% recovery 646 gpm of permeate ofthe qual- ity shown inthe filth reporting columa of lable 1 will be ‘collected for eventual discharge as high purity Water. AL 85% recovery the 114 gpm concentrate stream can be further treated by an evaporator and erystllizer to provide for an ‘overall system recovery exceeding 98%. The 114 gpm waste stream canbe disposed ofby deep wel injection providing for ‘an overall system recovery of 95% based onan impaired well, ‘water feed of $4,000 bbl (2,268,000 gallons) per day and produced water feed of 10,000 bol (420,000 gallons) with 2 60,800 bbl (2,553,600 gallons) per day production of high purity Water for dischargeand3,200 bb (134.400 gallons) per ‘ay waste wohime, [0031] The designed system teats the diluted forward ‘osmosis draw water with four (4) 1,190 gpm feed reverse ‘osmosis banks capable of producing up t0 715 gpm of per- meate per each bank, operating at a maximum recovery of 60%, The conceotrae from the diluted forward osmosis draw reverse osmosis system will be recycled back to a forward ‘osmosis draw water storage tank. The died forward osmo- sis draw reverse osmosis permeate water quality will be as shown in the fourth reporting column of Table 1. The sixth reporting column in Tahle 1 shows the expected high purity ‘water quality ofthe blended reverse osmosis permeate rom the diluted forward osmosis draw solution reverse osmosis system and the concentrated forward osmosis feed solution reverse osmosis system, The high purity water quality meets all of the drinking water and inigation water key standards showin in Table 2 withthe exception of boron and acceptable Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). The designed reminerli of the high purity water with a caleium sat such as calcium chloride and the treatment ofthe igh purity water with boron selective ion exchange will produce a discharge ‘water quality that meets all ofthe Table 2 criteria as indicted inthe seventh, far ight reporting column of Table 1 Example I [0032], Flectrocoagulation esting of produced water and flow back water from shale ol operations in Western Noth Dakota with bench scale equipment capable of treating approximately lS apm wasconducted. Theoil fied produced ‘ater and the hydralic fracturing flow back water was char- ‘seterized as being highly saline, having near saturated con: ‘centrations of sodium chlor, having an analysis similar to the second reporting column in Table 1, Also available for testing was an impair shallow well water having brackish wate salinity witha very high conceatration of sulfates ren- dering it unsuitable for human consumption, livestock con- sumption, erp irigation, ofthe make-up of fresh hydraulic Jun. 5, 2014 ‘acturing water by il production service companies in the ‘area The sulfate concentration ia theimpaired well water was characterized in general as being inthe 1,000 10 2,000 ppm range witha water quality similartothe fist reporting column ‘of Table 1. Oil prdction service companies have discovered that i is unlikely that elotrocoagulation alone would permit any of the proivced water or hydraulic fracturing flow back water tobe reused or recycled for any meaningful beneficial use. The current practice isto deep well inject the waste water ally alter the produced waterand hydaulic facturing Nowe back water are blended. There is currently about one (1) injection well for every three (3) production wells to dispose ‘of both the produced water and the hydraulic Fracturing. Nowe back water although this may vary widely depending on the production techniques wtlized. Further arrangements were ‘made to conduct technology assessment testing of teil felt produced and hydraulic frscturing flow back water testing electrooagulation system outfall employing membrane ‘based ultafiltration, forward osmosis, and seawater reverse ‘osmosis. Equipment capable of eating LS gpm of eletto- ‘coagulation outfall was designed and assembled. A tecnol- ‘ogy assessment testing plan was developed to use impaired ‘well water high insulate concentration asa fed solution oF source of fresh water for the forward osmosis technology assessment. High saline produced water or hydraulic recta ing flow back water was planned to be used as an osmotic raw solution for the forward osmosis technology assess- ‘meat, Once dilited with deionized water drawn from the impaired well water, the produced water with reduced salin- ty wats treated with the seawater reverse osmosis system to demonstrate the quality of water tht could be obtained from the desalination technology [0033] ‘The purpose of the technology assessment testing ‘was to successfully demonstrate the following: [0034] A. Flectrocosputation when eoupled with mem- ‘brane filtration by ultrafiltration isan effective pretreat rent for organics removal, silica concentration rei tion, free il and grease removal, and suspended solids removal from ol ld produced water 0035] 5. Demonstrate that impaired well water can be used as feed solution and high saline produced water that as been treated by electrocoagulation and uta ‘ration can be used asa dra solution fr forward osmo- sisto reduce the concentration of the produced water to ‘point whereit canbe further reat and used as make- up for hydraulic fracturing water. [0036] _C. Demonstrate that seawater reverse osmosis ‘ean further weat forward osmosis diluted produced water to provide water of a quality that it ean be di charged or be used for another beneficial use [0037] Provide some preliminary performance infor: mation for each technology evaluated to permit an eco ‘nomic assessment ofits commercial value as an alterna- live to deep-well injection, [0038] The current costs for fresh water, and produced ‘water and hyralie facturing water disposal in the Williston asin and akkken formation areas of Nomth Dakota and Mon- tana have heen identified by the University of Nor Dako ‘nergy and Environmental Research Center as follows:US 2014/0151300 Al ewusion Come Rw Wee si2ssi0s Transporation sassen agen Cost Tampon sn-s900 DoW eeton Siso-St 8 Teal Coe suup.s16m0 10039] -Despitethe sated variability and wide range of costs disclosed by the University of North Dakota's Energy and Environmental Reseach Cente, any water treatment teh- nology or st of technologies used to provide recycled water forthe make-up ofhydeanlic fracturing Water oF 0 teat ll oF some part ofthe prodiced waterand hydric fractring flow back Waterasan altemative to daep-wellinjetion willhaveto bbe more economical than the stated costs, The hydraulic Jracturing wate low back and produced water are blended: ‘many current operations in an effort to partially diate the high sine produced water lor easier injection [0040] Fresh water for dhe make-up of hydraulic facturing Avid is not readily available, as current practice does not Sedum pps Nae) ‘aon pt a HCOS-) Conti cm) ‘Tosalauue pe) permit tho use of surface water fom the Missouri River water system and municipal systems have exceeded many of thie allocations for industeial use of the water by oil production ‘and services companies. Additionally, many of the shallow aquifers contain impaired water tht is too hig in sulfate ‘concentration for direct use by oil production and services, ‘companies and is considered impaired by its sulfate concen= tration and unable to be used as a potable water, livestock ater, o iigation water. The well studied Dakota Aquifer is available at 3,000 05,000 feet as an abundant source of water {or industrial use by oil production and services companies. “This water as been characterized as being waem at 150-160" F. although tis will vary significantly trom wel to well and the sulfate concentration may similarly impair this water, and vary fom well to well. For the North Dakota area, the prob- Jem is deseribed as being due in part to a geology that is spatially variable and stratified, meaninga wel ean be dilled 81400 feet and proloce a water ats high in sulfates, then 3 second well can be drilled 400 yards away and have a com pletely diferent chemistry with regards to sulfates, There are ls reports thata high volume wel from a higher aquifercan ‘change in chemise ait communicates with other high sol {ate packets. See, 2, Maianu, A. Natural Conditions of Salt Accumulation in North Dakota, North Dakota Farm Research, Volume 43, No. 6, 9-11, 20, May-Jun, 1986: Bachu and Hitehon, Regional-Scale Floe of Formation Jun. 5, 2014 ‘Waters inthe Williston Basin, AAPG Bulletin, Volume 80, No. 2 248-264, February 1996; Schuh, etal, Sources and Processes Affecting the Distribution of Dissolved Sulfate in the Elk Valley Aquifer in Grand Forks County, Eastern North Datta, Water Resources investigation No. 38 North Dakota Sate Water Commission Bismarek, N. Dak. 2006; and the Energy & Environmental Research Center (ERC) Report entitled: Bakken Water Opportunities Assessment Phase 1, prepared by Stepan, etal of the FERC in April 2010 and ‘available from the National Technical Servie, US Dept. of ‘Commerce; the contents ofeach of which are incorporated by relerence herein in their entireties [0041] Additional researe has been conducted to better ‘characterize the water expected from the Dakota aquifer. The saroundwater system hss been thoroughly studied and most of the detailed research is from a numberof years ago, a beter part of it performed by Canadian academies. One paper Authored by a group onto the North Dakota State University entitled “Salt Accumulation in the Groundwater of North Dakota” (Maianu et al, Nordh Dakota Farm Research, Nol- ‘ume 45,No.2, 12-18, Sep-Oct, 1987, the contents of whieh fare incorporated by reference herein in its entirety) shows as Group 8 in Table 2 report results from the Dukote Aquifer (AQS). There is a great dea of variability ia the reported results summarized as follows: S200 ySem Mes Seion fem Mai [0042] Theelectrocoagulation system was designed to treat 1.5 gpmof water and was tested with a conical bottomed tank used to collet the outfall fom the electrocoagulation system, ‘The produced water was treated at 125 VDC and 15 amps. The system was equipped with 42 cold rolled carbon stel blades exch 8" wide by 9" long by 0.128" thick. Five of the blades were power blades to which an electrical curent can be attached that permits three different chamber configura- ‘ions 0 be used, single (fist and las), 80 (2) chambers, and four (4) chambers, The treatment during the technology assessment was with a single chamber or with two (2) cam bers. The standard iron usage Tor see plates provided by the ‘manufacturer, was about 0.20 pounds per 1,000 gallons of ater treated. Based on the provided perfomance informa sion, the projected cost to perform eleetrocoagtlaton on the produced water is $0.0054 per barel. This is based on an estimated industrial electrical cost of $0.0620 per kw-he ‘Based on the testing electrocoagulation is an effective pre- treatment for orgatics removal from oilfield provced water ‘The produced water was treated by electrocoagulation with- ‘out chemical addition, The electroceagulation technology ‘when coupled with membrane filtration by ultrafiltration was able to remove 100% ofthe following ofganic content ofthe produced water as shown in the third reporting columa of Table 1US 2014/0151300 Al Oso Greme Resonenhe Pele Heaton (TPH) (ase Rage Omani 5-12) GRD) Diese! Range Ores 08-029 (DRO) Woe ty Acs (2.05) (VPA) 3 at [0043] The ultrafiltration membrane tested was provided by Hydration Technology Innovations, LLC and is their Model SepeaMem 4040UF-CS. with 100 mil corugated spacer. This membrane as «propritary composition identi- fled by the manufacturer as regenerated cellulose or hydro- Ize cellulose ester blend. The provided membrane has 1.S Square meters or 16 square feet of membrane surface area. “The rated Bow rate proved from the manufacturer was 0.67 pm of permeate or an operating Mux rte of 60.3 gf with 2 ‘ross ow of 20 gpm at 6S psig. The process was operated based on the membrane manufacturer's recommendation wih 20 gpm of cross flow feed at 65 psig. The original tests using testing facility water at 65 psig provided a flow rate of ‘only 0.03 gpm of filtate, The final produetion step of hydro= Iyzng the membranes had not heen dane according to com- ‘munication with the membrane manufacturer. After bydeoly- sis of the membrane in the field the flow rate of fiteate ‘Increased to 0.284 gpm oran operated tux of 25.6 pf when treating the produced water, The permeate temperature imbed from 143°C. (57.7° F.) to 25° C. (77° F) during the ‘ration process. The ite How increased to 0328 gpm oF an operating flux of 29.52 gf withthe temperature inerease, “The flow mites and operating pressures remained constant during the ultafiration of the produced water. The total ‘ration ime without cleaning was nearly 12 hoursimplying that there was not significant fouling occurring withthe use of the membrane este, Based oa the membrane design condi- tions, testing conditions, and considering eletrcal costs, leaning costs, concentrate disposal cos, and membrane replacement eost, the projected cost to treat the electracoag- Jation outfall by ultrufiation is $0.170S per barrel to no more than $0.3210 per barrel, [0044] The forward osmosis membrane tested was pro- vided by Hydration Technology Innovations, LLC ands theie Model OsMem 4040FO-MS with 45 mil sercen style spacer “This membrane has a cellulose triacetate composition. The tested membrane has 3.2 square meters or 32 square feet of ‘membrane urface area, The flow mates ested were 0.4 gpmof ‘dra solutionat nine (9) psig witha feed water low of 10 gpm ‘at 19 psig Hydration Technology Innovations, LLC Model ‘OsMem 4040FO-CS with 100 mil corrugated spacer was available but not tested. The draw solution pressure drop during testing was 7 psig. The feed solution pressure drop, “during testing was S psig These observed vals are consis ‘eat with the manufacturer's performance eriteria for the for- ‘ward osmosis membrane tested. The Now rates and operating pressures remained constant during the forward osmosis treatment. Te total process testing time was nearly eight (8) hours implying that there was no catastrophic fouling occur ring with the use ofthe teste forward osmosis membrane. Hydration Technology Innovations, LLC, the forward osmo- sis membrane manufacturer, was contacted and provided aa Jun. 5, 2014 indication ofthe dilute out process performance. The perfor ‘mance appeared to be normal ased on the membrane used and the process tested Theperformance doesnot indicate any ‘degre of fouling during the proces testing period according to Hydration Technology Innovations, LLC. Theconductvity ‘ofthe feed solution and deaw solution were measured hourly during the membrane manufaetueer's dilute out batch peo- cess [ts the diluted draw water sample tat became the fod water forthe reverse asmosis. Based onthe membrane testing conditions and considering electrical costs, cleaning costs and memirane replacement cost, the projected cost ty teat the filtered produced water by forwant osmosis is between 0.2979 per barrel and SI.O864 per barrel based on te dilute ‘ut process tested. The conductivity of the draw solution decreased from 220,000 jmhos‘em to 102,500 juuhos/em daring the frst 90 minutes of the dilute out mode of operation tested then tapered ofT by steadily declining at aslowerratet0 74,500 jmhosiem after aronnd eight (8) hours. This final conductivity of the draw solution was determine inthe field to be equivalent toa TDS of 37,000 ppm a the forward osmosis testing was ended and reverse osmosis. was ‘employed to further teat the diluted draw solution, The feed solution conductivity increased from 4,870 jimbos/em to 10,580 umhos/em over the course of the forward osmosis testing. Provisions were planned for use ofa stronger eon- centration draw solution or osmolyte such as magnesium chloride if required, but this was not necessary during the technology assessment testing. [045] A. small seawater reverse osmosis system kit capable of producing 20 gph of permeate at 8% rocovery was purchased from Cruise RO Water of Escondido, Calif: The seawater reverse osmosis system was assembled onanassem- bly skid with the forward osmosis system. The seawater reverse osmosis membrane tested was a Dow Filmtee Model '$W30-2540. This membrane is polyamide thin film com- posite product that as rated maximum operating pressure of 1,000 psig and a rated salt rejection of 99.4% based on ‘eeating 32,000 ppm of sodium chloride at 800 psig, 77°F (25°C) and ata pereloment recovery rate of 8%. The mem- brane has an active surface area of 2.7 square meters oF 29 square Tee, The system was se up to produce 0.33 gpm of permeate while treating 4.17 gpm of feed water. The reverse ‘osmosis system was used to demonstrate the treatment of diluted produced water after eletrocoagulation, ultra ‘ion, and forward osmosis. Reverse osmosis at 950 psig was able to remove 96.9% of the sodium concentration in the ‘water and 97.2% of the chloride concentration while remo ing 97.0% of the TDS. The projected cost considering elee- ‘real cos, cleaning cost, antisalant feed cost, and membrane replacement cost to tt the dilutod produced water ater {orward osmosis by reverse osmosis hase on the conditions tested is $0,0717 per barrel [0046] Using an impaired well water as feed solution and high saline produced water as a draw solution forward osmio- sis coupled with reverse osmosis was successfully demon- strated fo produce high purty water withthe following eon- centration reductions from the high saline produced waterUS 2014/0151300 Al Jun. 5, 2014 8 con wan Exaccpnae om a Bae Sram SE xo soe Ban feet Sasa ae oom ion om & Seca sooo Tet snsasssiaes ee gam [0048| All refewaces,inclting pobiations, patents and Ee a Fete! applications, ce herein ae hereby incre a som ‘Siento te sane exten a fea reerence wer Comntuctivty 99.50% vidually and specifically indicated to be incorporated by ref- ie mae rence were et fo as entry bern 10047] Based on the maximum projected costs the tret- ‘ment process cold be evaluated by an oil proton com pany ora service company as being an economically viable temative to treatment by deep-wel injection or thermal ‘evaporation. Based on the testing conditions the projected ‘maximum costs to tnt high saline produced water by the technologies demonstrated area flows Garcncmncece SICA TOTAL, PASSO,” SPECIFIC GRAVITY, GAUML ‘Tap scrsteNp, Pew GASOLINE RANGE ORGANS, 22M PROPIONICACID, PAE [0049] While the present disclosure has been described in ‘erin embodiments, the teaching of this disclosure can be further modified within the sprit and seope ofthis present invention. This application is therefore intended to cover any oF adaplations of the disclosure using its szeneral principles. Furher, this application is intended 10 fcover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims. TABLE FORWARD OSNOSS AND REVERSE OSWOSIS PERFORMANCE WATER QUALITY SUMMARY IMPAIRED PRODUCED PRODUCED FODRAW 7 Dew oT Ta “hoe 9 ° ost » 0 e ‘ ° o oom “ » BENZENE. PPM.US 2014/0151300 Al ‘TABLE I-continued FORWARD OSMOSIS AND REVERSE OSMOSIS PERFORMANCE WATER QUALITY SUIARY N-BUTYL ALCOHOL, PPM, o ° 0 o SVLENES, Pe : ° ‘ ° ‘SODIUM ADSORPTION RATIO (SAR) 163 238 2300 112 WATERRO TREATED APTERADRON PARAMETER Penweaie "Wate “REMOVAL CALCUNG PCAC cn ioe Ts MAGNESING PPM AS fo Gas us TUIALHARDNESS PIMAS CO, tos Sar on POTASSIUM PME ASK ioe aa on BARIUM. Peas ooo fin MANGANESE, Pts oo a Catone prcase 133 uo SIC ADINOIVED FMLAS $0, on a” SILICA TOTAL. PPMASSIO, oat an owns om oxo (GASOLINE RANGE ORGANS PPM ‘ ° : ‘TOLUENE, PPM o ° ° Isonvanots Pst “ ° “ NBUIYLALCOHOL, Prt ‘ ° ‘ TABLE 2 AND IAN AION WASER STSNDARDS PARAMETER WATER CLASS CLASSI Jun. 5, 2014US 2014/0151300 Al TABLE 2-continued SULIATE Passo, 30 oy EAD, PMSA Po ‘apis ‘01 “CYANIDE, PPM AS CN 140 o1a0, ARSENIC PIMAS Ar an oom ZINC, PPM AS Zn Si ou CHROMO, PAM ASCram TOTAL 0400 100 CHROMIUM. PPMASCHD TOTAL 9400, oi AMMONIA, PPM AS NNB aa as (CALCULATED) “os, PrMicGUIDE ONLY) 5 200 COLIFORMS COLD, CELIO ML NONE «126 ‘What is claimed is 1. A method of trating an aqueous high sanity liquid ‘containing suspended solids, colloidal solids, free oil and trease, dissolved minerals, and dissolved hydrocarbons the method comprising: passing am aqueous liquid containing suspended solids, colloidal solids, free oil and grease, dissolved minerals, And dissolved hydrocarbons through an electrocoagula- tion system at an unadjusted pi: passing the efflent from the eleeteoooagulation system ‘through an inclined plate, inlined tube, or solids contact claritir passing the clarifier outfall though a ultrufteation sys tem; and ‘using the ultrafiltration irate asa high salinity drow sol tion for forward osmosis, thedniw solution being diluted by deioniaed water drawn across a semi-pemeable fore ‘ward osmosis membrane by use ofan impaired water as feed to the forward osmosis system prior to contacting lle draws water reverse osmosis system, 2. The method aceording to claim 1, wherein the impaired ‘water used as feed tothe forward osmosis system hasa sulfate ‘concentration of at least about 1,000 pp 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the impaired water uses feed to the forward osmosis system hasa sulfite ‘concentration ofa least about 1,300 ppm, 4. The method according to claim 2, further comprising twoaiment of concentrated food water after forward osmosis with «Hime soda soflener in uid communication with @ ‘concentrated feed water ultrafiltration system prior 10 con- lucting ahighrecovery concentrated feed water reverse osmno- sissystem, 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein treatment of the concentrate feed water alle forward osmosis with aime soda soflener in fluid commonication with a concentrated eed water ultrafiltration system comprises treatment of con- ‘centrated feed water lime soda precipitation softener ofall, ‘with an ultrafiltration system comprising an outside-to-in- fide, near dead end, hollow fer titmfiliration membrane dale Jun. 5, 2014 10 79 ° on, Sai on, on, ou us a6 6. The method seoording to claim 3, futher comprising sccyclingat lest apartofa precipitate sladge produced by the Time soda softener back into the Hime soda softener 7. The method according to claim 2, further comprising blending a permeate from thedifute draw water reverse osmio- sis system with the permeate from the concentrated feed ‘water reverse osmosis system to produce a combined treated Water requiring pH adjustment prior tothe dilute draw water reverse osmosis system fo give a final permeate pH between about 6:0 and bout 9.0, 8, The method according to claim 7, further comprising remineralization ofthe water withthe addition ofa calcium salt such as caleium ebloride as required to give a Sodinm Adsogption Ratio (SAR) of less than about 6, 9. The method according to claim 7, futher comprising passing the combined tested water through boron selective fon eXchange system to lower the boron concentration as required to acceptable concentrations 16. The method according to els 9, further comprising producing a discharge water having sulfate concentration of Jess than about 450 ppm. 11, The method according to claim 1, wherein passing the clarifier outfall through an ultrafiltation system comprises passing the clarifier outflow through an ultrafiltration system comprising @ spiral wound, fouling resistant, cross Now hydrophilic membrane with cornigated feed spacer. 12, The method according to clan 1, further comprising recycling a concentrate from the dilute draw reverse osmosis system for use in the forward osmosis draw solution 13, The method according to claim 1, further comprising treating a concentrate from the reverse dsmoss system with nevaporator and rystallizer to create a very near liquid zero ‘ischange, and collecting distillate fro the evaporator and erystallizeras pure water for dischange. 14, A waste water treatment system fora high saline waste water feed stream, the system comprising ‘an eletrocoogulation sytem in fd communication with ‘high sane waste water feed steam, the clecteocoagn- lation system comprising a reaction basin with a set of vertically aranged reaction plates that are spaced apart, ‘and an clctrical voltage is applied to selected! members of the set of vertically aranped reaetion plates by plac-US 2014/0151300 Al ing the selected members of the set of vertically arranged ‘reaction plates in electrical contact witha voltage source to thereby ereate an electieal field within the reaction basin, and the treatment of the high saline waste water feed stream in the reaction basin takes place at unad= juste pls ‘clarifier in uid communication with he electrocoagul tion system, further feeding an ultralitration feed tank an ultrafiltration system in fd communication with the ‘uleaitration feed tanks «forward osmosis draw station tank in fui commun tion with the filtrate from the ultrafiltration system; «forward osmosis system in lud eommonication with an impaired water used as @ feed sollion and the draw solution fed from the draw solution food tank; «forward osmosis dilute draw water reverse asmosis sys tem i Mid communication withthe forward osmosis draw solution feed tank; ‘Time soda softener system in fd communication with the forward osmosis concentated feed water stomge tank, comprising slime and soda precipitation softener vessel, ‘asindge storage tank in id communication with the fime and soda precipitation softener vessel, wherein contact- ing the forward osmosis concentrated feed water With lime and sodium carbonate (soda ash) in the lime and soda precipitation softener vessel produces paticulte suspension that setles to produce a sludge that is recycled back tothe lime addition tank in Muid eommu- ication wih the inlet lalization tank prior to Use ie and soda precipitation softener vessel; 4 forward osmosis concentrated feed water ultrafiltration ‘system in fluid communication with the lime and soda precipitation softener vessel: «forward osmosis concentrated foed water reverse osmosis system in id communication with the forward osmo= sis fod water ultrafiltration system; and 4 pure water discharge system in uid combination with boil reverse osmosis systems, wherein the combined high purity water may be subject to remineralization by W Jun. 5, 2014 ‘theaddition ofa caeium salt suc as calcium chloride 15, Thesystem of claim 14, wherein theelectrocoaguation system comprising a eoction isin with set of vertically ‘arranged reaction plates that are spaced apart and an cletecal vollagei applied to selected member f the set of vertically arranged reaction plates by placing the selected members of the set of vertically arranged reaction plates in eletecal contact with a voltage source to thereby ereate an eletccal field within the reaction basin furher comprises a system ‘wherein the voltage and amperage ofthe electrical field is adjustable by varying the selected members of the vertically ‘arranged reaction plates that ar in electrical eontact withthe voligge source. 16, The system of claim 14, wherein the clarifier comprises ‘an nelined plate, and inefined tube, or solids contact clarifier, 17. The system of claim 14, witerein the lime soda softener system in fluid communication with the forward osmosis ‘oncentried feed water storage tak further comprises lime silo, lime Saker. and lime feed system: and a sodium earbon- ate (Soda ash) silo and feed system in fluid communication with the lime and soda precipitation softener vessel, 18. The system af claim 14, further comprising 2 sodinm fnydroxide food ahead of the diluted draw solution reverse ‘osmosis system foradjustmeat of pl to givea final combined high purity water pH between 6.0 and 9.0. 19, The system of claim 14, firher comprising a boron specific ion exchange system for reducing the boron concen- ‘tation ofthe final combined high purity water. 20. The system of elim 14, whersin the concentrate fom the diluted forward osmosis draw solution reverse osmosis system is cycled back tothe forward osmosis draw soliton storage tank 21. The system of claim 14, further comprising an evapo- stor an! erystallizer in uid communication with the eon- ‘eatrate from the concentrated forward osmosis feed solution reverse osmosis system which eats the concentrate to create ‘very near liquid zero discharge for processing in a shade handling and solids discharge system, anda disillateof pore water for discharge.