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MATH 210 - Calculus III

Dr. Mohamed El-Beltagy

Fall 2022
 Contents
2

Week No. Topic

1 Revision : Double Integrals
2➔ 4 Double & Triple Integrals
5➔8 Line & Surface Integrals
9 ➔ 12 Partial Differentiation
9 Sequences & Series
10 ➔ 12 Infinite Series

Some changes may be announced during the course.

 Main Reference Book
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Thomas’ Calculus 12th Edition

10/3/2022
 Course Information
4

Attendance 5%
Mid-Terms
3 Quizzes 20%
(Best 2)
20% (Two)

Assignments
10%
Final 40%
&
5%
Participation
 MATH 210 - Calculus III
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Lecture 1
Double Integrals
 Revision
 Some Applications
 Multiple Integrals

 Double Integrals over General Regions

 Meaning of Double integration:
 Consider a distribution function f(x,y) per
unit area distributed over a region R. The
total value is:
 The Iterated Integral
(Nested Loops of Integration)
Example 1:- Solve the following double integration:-
4 1
න න 4𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 0
Similar to the programming concepts, you should finalize the inner loop (Integral)
first then discuss the outer loop (Integral) as follows:-
4 1 4 1 4
න න 4𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = න 4𝑥 ቚ 𝑑𝑦 = න 4 𝑑𝑦
2 0 2 0 2
4 4
= න 4𝑑𝑦 = 4𝑦 ቚ = 4 4 − 2 = 8
2 2

Note:- The order of operations is important !!

 The Double Integrals

Example 2:- Solve the following double integration:-

4 1
න න 4𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 0
Similar to the previous example:-
4 1 4 1
න න 4𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = න 4𝑒 𝑥 ቚ 𝑑𝑦
2 0 2 0
4
= න 4(𝑒 1 − 1) 𝑑𝑦
2
4 4
= 4(𝑒 − 1) න 1𝑑𝑦 = 4(𝑒 − 1)𝑦 ቚ = 8(𝑒 1 − 1)
1 1
2 2
Exercise 1:- Solve the following double integration:-
4 1
න න (sin−1 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 0
Example 3:- Solve the following double integration:-
4 1
න න 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 0
The inner integral w.r.t. 𝑥, then 𝑦 will be considered as constant
4 1 4 1
න න 2𝑥 + 𝑦2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = න 𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑦 2 ቚ 𝑑𝑦
2 0 2 0

Note that the inner upper and lower limits w.r.t. 𝑥 and not 𝑦 as follows:
4 4
𝐼= න 12 + 1𝑦 2 − 02 + 0𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 = න 1 + 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
2 2
Now the next integral w.r.t. 𝑦 only (𝑥 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒)
4
2
𝑦3 4 64 8
𝐼 = න 1 + 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑦 + ቚ = 4+ − 2+ = ⋯..
2 3 2 3 3

Exercise 2:- Solve the following double integration:-

4 1
න න 𝑥 4 + cosh(𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 0
Example 4:- Solve the following double integration:-
4 1
න න 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 0
The inner integral w.r.t. 𝑥, then 𝑦 will be considered as constant
4 1 4 1
න න 𝑒𝑦 + 𝑦𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = න 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 ቚ 𝑑𝑦
2 0 2 0
Note that the inner upper and lower limits w.r.t. 𝑥 and not 𝑦 as follows:
4 4
𝐼= න 1𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛1 − 0𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛0 𝑑𝑦 = න 𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛1 𝑑𝑦
2 2
Now the next integral w.r.t. 𝑦 only (𝑥 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑 𝑏𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒)
4 2
𝑦 𝑦
𝑦 4
𝐼 = න 𝑒 + 𝑦𝑡𝑎𝑛1 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑒 + tan(1) ቚ = ⋯ … . … . .
2 2 2

Exercise 3:- Solve the following double integration:-

4 1
න න 𝑥 4 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
2 0
 Note that the upper and lower limits are, in general, variables. So, the generalized
case can be written as follows:-

𝒚=𝒃 𝒙=𝒈𝟐 (𝒚) 𝒙=𝒃 𝒚=𝒈𝟐 (𝒙)

න න 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒚 OR න න 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚)𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒙
𝒚=𝒂 𝒙=𝒈𝟏 (𝒚) 𝒙=𝒂 𝒚=𝒈𝟏 (𝒙)

Example 5:- Solve the following double integration:-

1 y
න න 𝑒 𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
0 0
1 y 1 𝑦
න න 𝑒𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = න 𝑥𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑥2𝑦 ቚ 𝑑𝑦
0 0 0 0
1 1
=න 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 𝑦 − 0𝑒 𝑦 + 02 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = න 𝑦𝑒 𝑦 + 𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 = 𝐵𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠 … . .
0 0
Example:- Solve the following double integration:-
1 𝑥2
න න 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑x
0 x
1 𝑥2 1 𝑦=𝑥 2
න න 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 3𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑x = න 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 3𝑥𝑦 ቚ 𝑑x
0 x 0 𝑦=𝑥
1
=න 𝑥 2 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 𝑑x
0
1
= න 𝑥 6 − 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 𝑑x
0
𝑥 7 𝑥 5 3𝑥 4 3
1
= − + −𝑥 ቚ
7 5 4 0
1 1 3 20 − 28 + 105 − 140 −43
= − + −1 − 0 = =
7 5 4 140 140
 Applications: Volume using Double Integrals

For the surface :

𝑆 = 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 𝑖𝑛 𝑅3 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦), (𝑥, 𝑦) 𝑖𝑛 𝑅}

𝑧 = 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) ≥ 0

The integral of f(x,y) over the

region R is the Volume under
the surface z=f(x,y)
We can use this idea to
implement the double
integrals using any
programming language.
The value obtained will be
approximate (not exact). The
approximation depends on the
number of divisions (n) and
the method of summation.
Example 1:- Calculate:- ‫ 𝑅׭‬100 − 6𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝐴
Where R: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2, −1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1
1 2
න න 100 − 6𝑥 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
−1 0

1 2
=න 100𝑥 − 2𝑥 3 𝑦 ቚ 𝑑𝑦
−1 0

1
= න 200 − 16𝑦 𝑑𝑦
−1

1
= 200𝑦 − 8𝑦 2 ቚ = 400
−1

Note: :- Reversing the order of integration gives the same answer

 Example:- Find the volume under the plane 𝒁 = 𝟒 − 𝒙 − 𝒚 over the
Rectangular region 𝑹: 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟏 in the x-y plane
1 2
V =   (4 − x − y )dxdy
0 0
1 2
𝑉=න 4𝑥 − 0.5𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑥 ቚ 𝑑𝑦
0 0

1
= න 6 − 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
0

1
= 6𝑦 − 𝑦2 ቚ =5
0

Note: :- Reversing the order of integration gives the same answer

EXAMPLE 2:- Find the volume of the region bounded above by the elliptical paraboloid 𝒛 =
𝟏𝟎 + 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒚𝟐 and below by the rectangle 𝑹 = 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏, 𝟎 ≤ 𝒚 ≤ 𝟐.

1 2
V =   (10 + x 2 + 3 y 2 )dydx
0 0

Continue..
Example 1:- Calculate:- ‫𝐴𝑑 𝑥 𝑒𝑦𝑥 𝑅׭‬
Where R: 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 2
Integrate with respect to y first ( easier )

1 2
න න 𝑥𝑦𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑x
0 0

1
𝑦2 𝑥 2
=න 𝑥 𝑒 ቚ 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0

1
= න 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑒. 𝑏𝑦 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑠
0
Try the following :-
Double Integrals over General Regions
 Vertical Slide then moving Horizontal
y
g(x) Upper

Type 1 Region
A
b g ( x)
h(x) Lower
x  f ( x, y)dA =  f ( x, y)dydx
A a h( x)
a x b

y Horizontal Slide then moving Vertical

d
Type 2 Region
A
y d g ( y)
h(y) Left g(y) Right
 f ( x, y)dA =  f ( x, y)dxdy
R c h( y )
c
x
Then the region of integration is as shown.

Type 1 Region (Upper and lower curves)

1 x
V =   (3 − x − y ) dy dx
0 0
1
𝑦2 𝑥
=න 3𝑦 − 𝑥𝑦 − ቚ 𝑑𝑥
0 2 0

1 2
𝑥
= න 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑑𝑥
0 2
Continue.. (Answer: V=1)
Another solution with

Type 2 Region (Left and Right curves)

1 1
V =   (3 − x − y) dx dy
0 y
1
𝑥2 1
=න 3𝑥 − − 𝑦𝑥 ቚ 𝑑𝑦
0 2 𝑦

1
1 2 𝑦 2
=න 3 1 − − 𝑦(1) − 3 𝑦 − − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
0 2 2

1 2
5 3 𝑦
=න − 4𝑦 − 𝑑𝑦 Continue.. (Answer: V=1)
0 2 2
 Double Integrals : Change of order

𝑥=2 𝑦=2𝑥
Solution:- ‫=𝑥׬‬0 ‫𝑥=𝑦׬‬2 (4𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥

First, the order 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 means (Type 1Region)

𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 , 𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟
Then the region of integration is as shown.
By reverse the order 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦

𝑦=4 𝑥= 𝑦
න න (4𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑦=0 𝑥=𝑦/2
 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Note: is not easy to be integrated w.r.t. 𝑥
𝑥
and it is easy w.r.t. y, then the order should be 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
The intersection points are (0,0) and (1,1)
𝑥=1 𝑦=𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
න න 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=0 𝑦=0 𝑥
𝑥=1 𝑥=1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
=න 𝑦 ቚ 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥=0 𝑥 0 𝑥=0 𝑥
𝑥=1 1
=න 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 ቚ = 1 − cos(1)
𝑥=0 0
Type 2 Region (easier)
𝑦+2
Right curve 𝑦 = 4𝑥 − 2 → x =
4

𝑦2
Left curve 𝑦 = 2 𝑥 → x =
4

𝑦+2
2 𝑥= 4
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = න න 16 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑦2
0 𝑥= 4

Continue..
Thomas’ Calculus 12th Edition
 Applications : Area using Double Integrals

1 𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = න න 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑥2

1 𝑥
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = න 𝑦ቚ 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑥2

1
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = න 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0

Continue..
 2 𝑥+2
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = න න 1 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
−1 𝑥 2

Try Type 1 and Type 2;

Compare and Comment
 30

See you next week