Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Financial statements are the means by which the information accumulated and processed in financial
accounting is periodically communicated to the users.
The financial statements are the end product or main output of the financial accounting process
General purpose financial statements or simply referred to as financial statements are those intended
to meet the needs of users who are not in a position to require and entity to prepare reports
tailored to their particular information needs.
In other words, general purpose financial statements are directed to all common users and not to
specific users.
The objective of financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, financial
performance and cash flows of an entity that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic
decisions.
To meet this objective, financial statements provide information about the following:
d1. Assets
An asset is defined as resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which
future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity.
Assets are classified into two : current assets and noncurrent assets
dd1. Current assets
a. The asset is cash or cash equivalent unless the asset is restricted from being exchanged
or used to settle a liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period.
b. The entity holds the asset primarily for the purpose of trading.
c. The entity expects to realized the asset within twelve months after the reporting period.
d. The entity expects to realized the asset or intends to sell or consume it within the entity's
normal operating cycle.
Example : a. Cash and cash equivalent
b. Financial assets at fair value such as trading securities and other
investments
c. Trade and other receivables
d. Inventories
e. Prepaid expenses
Property, plant and equipment are tangible assets which are held by an entity for use in
production or supply of goods or services, for rental to others, or for administrative purposes
and are expected to be used during more than one period.
Examples: Land, building, machinery, equipment, furniture and fixtures, patterns, mold,
dies, tools
Most plant, property and equipment, except land, are presented at cost less accumulated
depreciation.
Long-term investments are assets held by an entity for the accretion of wealth through
capital distribution, such as interest, royalties, dividends and rentals, for capital appreciation or
for other benefits to the investing entity such as those obtained through trading relationship.
Intangible assets is simply defined ad an identifiable nonmonetary asset without physical
substance.
Other noncurrent assets are those assets that do not fit into the definition of the previously
mentioned noncurrent assets.
d2. Liabilities
A liability is defined as present obligation of an entity arising from past events, the settlement of
which is expected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic
benefit.
a. The entity expects to settle the liability within the entity's normal operating cycle.
b. The entity holds the liability primarily for the purpose of trading.
c. The liability is due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period.
d. The entity does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at
least twelve months after the reporting period.
Noncurrent liabilities is the residual definition, meaning that all liabilities not classified as
current are classified as noncurrent.
The term equity is the residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all of its liabilities.
Simply stated, equity means net asset or total asset minus total liabilities.
The terms used in reporting the equity of an entity depending on the form of business organization
are:
a. Owner's equity in a proprietorship.
b. Partners' equity in a partnership.
c. Shareholders' equity in a corporation.
Shareholders' equity is the residual interest of owners in the net asset of a corporation
measured by the excess of assets over liabilities.
Notes contain information in addition to that presented in the statement of financial position,
income statement, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and
statement of cash flows.
In other words, notes to financial statement are used to report information that does not fit into
the body of financial statements in order to enhance the understandability of the financial
statements..
The purpose of the notes to financial statements is "to provide the necessary disclosures
required.
a. Report form
This form sets forth the three major sections in a downward sequence of asset, liabilities and
equity
b. Account form
The presentation follows of an account, meaning the assets are shown on the left side and
liabilities and equity on the right side of the statement of financial position
Report Form
SINGLE COMPANY
Statement of Financial Position
December 31, 2017
(in USDollar)
ASSETS
Note
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalent (1) 500,000
Financial asset at fair value 200,000
Trade and other receivables (2) 700,000
Inventories (3) 900,000
Prepaid expenses (4) 50,000
Total current assets 2,350,000
Noncurrent Assets:
Plant, property and equipment (5) 5,000,000
Investment in associate, at equity 1,000,000
Long-term investments (6) 5,100,000
Intangible assets (7) 2,000,000
Other noncurrent assets (8) 100,000
Total noncurrent assets 13,200,000
TOTAL ASSETS 15,550,000
Current Liabilities:
Trade and other payables (9) 750,000
Note payable-short-term debt 400,000
Current portion of bonds payable 200,000
Warranty liability 50,000
Total current liabilities 1,400,000
Noncurrent Liabilities:
Bonds payable-remaining portion 1,800,000
Note payable-due July 1, 2019 600,000
Deferred tax liability 100,000
Total noncurrent liabilities 2,500,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES 3,900,000
Shareholders' Equity
Share capital, $100 par 5,000,000
Reserves (10) 3,000,000
Retained earnings 3,650,000
Total SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 11,650,000
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 15,550,000
Note 3 - Inventories
Finished goods 300,000
Goods in process 400,000
Raw materials 150,000
Manufacturing supplies 50,000
Total inventories 900,000
Land 1,500,000
Building 4,500,000
Machinery and equipment 1,000,000
Furniture and fixtures 300,000
Patterns, molds, dies and tools, (net) 100,000
Total 7,400,000
Accumulated depreciation (2,400,000)
Carrying amount 5,000,000
Accumulated depreciation:
Building 1,900,000
Machinery and equipment 350,000
Furniture and fixtures 150,000
Total accumulated depreciation 2,400,000
Patent 500,000
Franchise 1,500,000
Total intangible assets 2,000,000
Note 10 - Reserves
Share premium 2,000,000
Retained earnings appropriated for contingencies 1,000,000
Total reserves 3,000,000
Account Form
SINGLE COMPANY
Statement of Financial Position
December 31, 2017
(in USDollar)
The following account balances are available from the records of Simple Company
at December 31, 2017:
Required:
Prepare a properly classified statement of financial position on December 31, 2017.
Problem 3-2
Summer Company provided the following account balances on December 31, 2017:
Required:
Prepare a properly classified statement of financial position on December 31, 2017.
Problem 3-3 Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is a current asset?
a. Cash surrender value of a life insurance policy of which the company is the
beneficiary.
b. Investment in marketable securities for the purpose of controlling the issuing
company.
c. Cash designated for the purchase of tangible fixed assets.
d. Trade installments receivable normally collectible in 18 months.
2. Working capital is
3. The basis for classifying assets as current or noncurrent is the period of time
normally elapsed from the time the accounting entity expends cash to the time it
converts
4. The distinction between current and noncurrent assets and liabilities is now based
primarily on
6. Which of the following items should never be included in the current sections of
the statement of financial position?
a. Coincides with the economy's business cycle which runs from one of the
economy's business activity to the next.
b. Corresponds with its natural business year which runs from one of the
particular firm's business activity to the next.
c. Is set by the industry's trade association usually on an average length of time
of all firms which are members of the association.
d. Runs from cash disbursement for items of inventory through their sale to the
realization of cash from sale.
9. For accounting purposes the term "current assets" is used to designate cash and
and other assets or resources commonly identified as:
a. Those which can be liquidated in the normal course of business during the
following fiscal year.
b. Those which will realized in cash or sold or consumed during the normal
operating cycle of the business.
c. Those which are reasonably expected to be realized in cash or sold or
consumed during the normal operating cycle of the business.
d. those which can be used for the payment of current liabilities or consumed
during the normal operating cycle of the business.
Required:
What is the amount of current liabilities on December 31, 2017?
Problem 3-5
The following data were provided by Adele Company:
Required:
What is the total current assets considering the data above for Adele Company?
Problem 3-6
The December 31, 2017 trial balance of Triple Company among others, includes the following:
Notes payable, which are trade notes with the exception of $20,000
note payable to bank on June 30, 2018 60,000
Accounts payable, which include accounts with debit balance of $1,000 40,000
Required:
What is the amount of current liabilities on December 31, 2017?
Problem 3-7
The statement of financial position of Cindy Company on December 31, 2017 contained
the following data:
Problem 3-8
The following data were taken from the December 31, 2017 trial balance of Amex Company:
Required:
Based on the foregoing, prepare shareholders' equity section on statement of financial
position as of December 31, 2017.
Problem 3-9
The following information pertains to Island company on December 31, 2017:
Required:
What is the correct amount of liabilities for accounting purposes on December 31, 2017?
Simple Company
Statement of Financial Position December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Accounts receivable
Factory supplies
Notes receivable
Cash
Claim receivable
Finished goods
Goods in process
Prepaid insurance
Raw materials
Trading securities
Total of Currrent assets
Noncurrent assets:
Accumulated depreciation-building
Accumulated depreciation-machinery
Investment in bonds
Land
Machinery
Building
Franchise
Tools
Goodwill
Plant expansion fund
Total Noncurrent assets
Total Assets
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable
Note payable
Employees income tax payable
Income tax payable
Accrued expenses payable
Accrued interest on note payable
Advances from customers
total of current liabilities
Noncurrent liabilities:
Serial bonds payable ($500,000 due every July 1 of each year)
Shareholders' Equity
Retained earnings
Share capital
Share premium
Total of Equity
Total of Liabilities and equity
Summer Company
Statement of financial position
December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Accounts receivable
Cash and cash equivalents
Accrued interest on notes receivable
Inventories
Notes receivable
Prepaid expenses
Trading securities
Allowance for doubtful accounts
total of current asssets
Noncurrent assets:
Advances to officers-not currently collectible
Sinking fund
Building
Long-term refundable deposit
Cash surrender value
Equipment
Lease rights
Computer software
Land
Land held for speculation
Accumulated depreciation-building
Accumulated depreciation-equipment
Preference share redemption fund
Total of noncurrent assets
Total of assets
Noncurrent liabilities:
Bonds payable
Premium on bonds payable
Total of Noncurrent liabilities
Total of liabilities
Shareholders' Equity
Retained earnings (deficit)
Share premium-preference
Preference share capital
Share premium-ordinary
Ordinary share capital
Total of equity
Total of Liabilities and equity
current liabilities
Employees income tax withheld
Income tax payable
Customers' accounts with credit balance
Cash overdraft
Adele Company
Balance sheet December 31, 2017
Current assests
Cash 48,000
Account receivable 96,000
Inventory 62,000
Prepaid expenses 1,500
Total: 207,500
Amex Company
December 31, 2017 trial balance
Retained earnings-free
Reserve for pending lawsuit
Reserve for depreciation
Reserve for warranties
Donated capital
Excess over par
Share capital-authorized
Share capita-unissued
Share dividend distributable
Treasury shares, cost
Total shareholders' equity:
17
(50,000)
500,000
50,000
150,000
420,000
20,000
400,000
600,000
20,000
200,000
250,000
2,560,000
2,500,000
3,120,000
880,000
5,000,000
500,000
6,380,000
9,500,000
ny
position
, 2017
CURRENT ASSET
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 400,000 Note 2 - Trade and other receivables
500,000 Accounts receivable
10,000 Accrued interest on notes receivable
1,300,000 Notes receivable
250,000 Trading securities
70,000 Allowance for doubtful accounts
280,000 $ 2,790,000
(20,000) Inventories
$ 2,790,000 Prepaid expenses
NONCURRENT ASETS
100,000 Note 8 - Other noncurrent assets
400,000 Advances to officers-not currently collectible
5,000,000 Long-term refundable deposit
50,000
60,000
1,000,000 Note 6 - Long-term investments
100,000 Sinking fund
3,250,000 Cash surrender value
1,500,000 Preference share redemption fund
500,000
(2,000,000) Note 5 - Property, plant and equipment
(200,000) 10,110,000 Building
350,000 $ 12,900,000 Equipment
10,110,000 Land
Land held for speculation
(1,800,000)
500,000
2,000,000
200,000 5,900,000
5,000,000 12,900,000
3,000
27,000
10,000
15,000
55,000
$ 200,000
100,000
(60,000)
20,000
10,000
75,000
500,000
(125,000)
(50,000)
(40,000)
$ 630,000
Cash and cash equivalent
Cash
Prepaid expenses
Factory supplies
Prepaid insurance
Inventories
Finished goods
Goods in process
Raw materials
1,500,000
2,000,000
4,000,000
(1,600,000)
(1,300,000)
40,000
4,640,000 4,640,000
2,000,000
1,500,000 300,000
500,000 6,940,000
2,000,000
100,000
200,000
300,000
300,000
100,000
20,000
60,000
30,000
10,000
520,000
100,000 620,000
100,000
500,000
receivables
$ 400,000
10,000
250,000 $ 2,790,000
280,000
(20,000)
$ 920,000
1,300,000
70,000
$ 12,900,000
ently collectible 100,000
50,000
150,000
400,000
60,000
350,000 10,110,000
810,000
and equipment
5,000,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
500,000
(2,000,000)
(200,000)
5,800,000
100,000
3,250,000
3,350,000
payables
300,000
10,000
400,000
100,000
120,000
30,000
960,000
420,000
50,000
20,000
70,000
400,000
600,000
200,000
1,200,000
(50,000)
500,000
150,000
20,000
250,000
870,000
2,560,000
9,500,000