Computer Integrated

Manufacturing
(CIM)
Lecturer: DR. TRAN MANH SON
 Instructor: Dr. Tran Manh Son
 Email: sontm@hcmute.edu.vn
 Phone: 0919 1971 39
Rules in Class

 Attend at least 80% of class hours

 Complete all home-works and assignments (If any)
Assessment

 Assignment (50%)
 After each chapter will have one assignment/homework.
 Final Project (50%)
 Student have to complete a small project and present in
the class.
Textbook and References

 [1] Hệ thống sản xuất tích hợp, Đặng Thiện Ngôn, Lê Chí
Cương.
 [2] Automation Production System, and Computer
Integrated Manufacturing, Mikell P. Groover, 2015
 Sofware:
 Factory_IO
Contents of This course

 Chapter 1: Introduction
 Chapter 2: Life Cycle of Product
 Chapter 3: Elements of CIM
 Chapter 4: Material Transportation System
 Chapter 5: Computer Aided Process Planning
 Chapter 6: Product Data Management
 Chapter 7: Quality Management and Fault Diagnosis
 Chapter 8: Just-in-Time Manufacturing, Lean
Manufacturing, and Agile Manufacturing.
 Chapter 4: Material
Transportation System
Contents of Chapter 4

 4.1 Overview of Material Handling

 4.2 Material Transport Equipment
 4.3 Analysis of Material Transport System
4.1 Overview
4.1 Overview
 Material handling: the movement, protection, storage
and control of materials and products throughout the
process of manufacture and distribution, consumption
and disposal.
 The handling of materials must be performed safely,
efficiently, at low cost, in a timely manner, accurately
(the right materials in the right quantities to the right
locations), and without damage to the materials,
estimates around 20%-25% of total manufacturing cost.
 Material handling: one of activities in the larger
distribution system by which materials, parts, and
products are moved, stored, and tracked in the world’s
commercial infrastructure
4.1 Overview
 Logistics: the acquisition, movement, storage, and
distribution of materials and products, as well as the
planning and control of these operations in order to
satisfy customer demand
4.1 Overview
4.1 Overview

Logistics
operations

External Internal
Logistics Logistics
 External logistics: is concerned with transportation and
related activities that occur outside of a facility
 Internal logistics: more popularly known as material
handling, involves the movement and storage of
materials inside a given facility
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Material Handling Equipment
(1) transport equipment, (2) positioning equipment, (3) unit
load formation equipment, (4) storage equipment, (5)
identification and control equipment.
 Transport Equipment: (1) Industrial trucks, (2) automated
guided vehicles, (3) rail-guided vehicles, (4) conveyors, and
(5) hoists and cranes.
 Positioning Equipment: loading and unloading parts from a
production machine in a work cell.
 Industrial robots
 Parts feeders in automated assembly
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Material Handling Equipment
 Unit Load Formation Equipment:
 (1) containers used to hold individual items during handling
and
 (2) equipment used to load and package the containers.
4.1 Overview
4.1.1 Material Handling Equipment
 Storage equipment: storing material and products prior
to, during, and after manufacture
 (1) conventional storage methods: bulk storage, rack
systems, shelving and bins, and drawer storage
 (2) automated storage systems.
 Identification and Control Equipment: keeping track of
the materials being moved and stored
 Bar codes
 RFID (for radio frequency identification)
4.1 Overview
4.1.2 Design Considerations in Material Handling
 Material characteristics: design of the material handling
system must take these factors into account.
4.1 Overview
 Flow rate, routing, and scheduling.
 (1) quantities and flow rates of materials to be moved:
affects the type of handling system that should be
installed
 (2) routing factors: pickup and drop-off locations,
move distances, routing variations, and conditions
that exist along the routes
 (3) scheduling of the moves: the timing of each
individual delivery
4.1 Overview
 Plant Layout
 The material handling system is an important factor in
plant layout design.
 A new facility is being planned, the handling system
should be considered part of the layout
4.1 Overview
 Unit Load principle: the mass that is to be moved or
handled at one time
 The container that holds or supports the materials to
be moved.
 The unit load may consist of only one part, a
container loaded with multiple parts, or a pallet
loaded with multiple containers of parts
 Containers, pallets are probably the most widely used
4.2 Material Transport
Equipment
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.1 Industrial trucks: nonpowered and powered
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.1 Industrial trucks: nonpowered and powered
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.2 Automated Guided Vehicles: An automated guided
vehicle system (AGVS) is a material handling system that
uses independently operated, self-propelled vehicles
guided along defined pathways
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.2 Automated Guided Vehicles:
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.2.1 Vehicle Guidance Technologies.
 (1) imbedded guide wires
 Dây mang dòng điện được chôn
 Dưới đất tạo từ trường.
 Ưu điểm: chi phí thấp, mạnh mẽ
 Khuyết điểm: không linh hoạt
 dễ bị ảnh hưởng của kim loại trong lòng đất.
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.2 Automated Guided Vehicles:
 (2) paint strips: vehicle uses an optical sensor capable of
tracking the paint.
 The strips can be taped, sprayed, or painted on the floor,
used when the installation of guide wire in the floor is not
practical
 Advantages: low cost, flexibility
 Disadvantages: sensitive with dust, light, the paint strip
deteriorates with time
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.2 Automated Guided Vehicles:
 (3) Magnetic tape: installed on the floor surface to define the
pathways.
√ Unlike imbedded wire guidance, which emits an active
powered signal, magnetic tape is a passive guidance
technology.
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.2 Automated Guided Vehicles:
 (4) Laser-guided vehicles (LGVs): use a combination of
dead reckoning and reflective beacons located
throughout the plant that can be identified by on-board
laser scanners.
 Dead reckoning: the capability of a vehicle to follow
a given route in the absence of a defined pathway in
the floor.
 The location of the laser-guided vehicle must be
periodically verified by comparing the calculated
position with one or more known positions.
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
These beacons can be sensed by the laser scanner on
the vehicle
Based on the positions of the beacons, the on-board
navigation computer uses triangulation to update the
positions calculated by dead reckoning,
 (5) Inertial guidance: involves the use of on-board
gyroscopes and/or other motion sensors to determine the
position of the vehicle by detecting changes in its speed
and acceleration
Advantage of laser-guided vehicle technology and
inertial navigation over fixed pathways (guide wires,
paint strips, and magnetic tape) is its flexibility.
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.2.2 Vehicle Management:
 Purpose: operate efficiently and avoid collision.
 Two aspects: traffic control and vehicle dispatching

On-board vehicle sensing Zone control

• Use one or more sensors on • AGVS layout is divided into separate

each vehicle to detect the zones
presence of other vehicles and • No vehicle is permitted to enter a zone
obstacles ahead on the guide that is already occupied by another vehicle
path.
• Sensor technologies include
optical and ultrasonic devices
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.2.3 Vehicle Safety:
 AGV is that its traveling speed is slower than the normal
walking pace of a human minimize the danger.
 Most guidance systems is automatic stopping of the
vehicle if it strays more than a short distance, typically
50–150 mm (2–6 in).
 Obstacle detection sensor located on each vehicle.
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.3 Rail-Guided Vehicles
Material transport equipment consists of motorized
vehicles that are guided by a fixed rail system
Rail system consists of either one rail, called a monorail,
or two parallel rails.
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.4 Conveyor

Roller conveyors Skate-wheel conveyors.

 4.2 Material Transport Equipment
 4.2.4 Conveyor

overhead trolley conveyor.

belt (flat) conveyor
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
4.2.5 Cranes and Hoists
 A hoist is a mechanical device used to raise and lower load
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
 Cranes include a variety of material handling equipment
designed for lifting and moving heavy loads using one or
more overhead beams for support
4.2 Material Transport Equipment
Wall-mounted Jib crane
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.1 Analysis of Vehicle-Based Systems
The from-to chart is a table that can be used to indicate
material flow data and/or distances between multiple
locations
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
 The time for a typical delivery cycle in the operation of a
vehicle-based transport system consists:
 (1) loading at the pickup station,
 (2) travel time to the drop-off station
 (3) unloading at the drop-off station
 (4) empty travel time of the vehicle between deliveries
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
Total Cycle time per delivery per vehicle

Tc = delivery cycle time, min/del TL = time to load at load station

Ld = distance the vehicle travels between load

and unload station, m (ft)

vc = carrier velocity, m/min

TU = time to unload at unload station, min

Le = distance the vehicle travels empty until the
start of the next delivery cycle, m
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
 Availability A is a reliability factor defined as the
proportion of total shift time that the vehicle is
operational and not broken down or being repaired.
 Traffic factor Ft include waiting at intersections, and
waiting in a queue at load/unload stations. Traffic factor
for an AGVS range between 0.85 and 1.0
 Worker efficiency is defined as the actual work rate of
the human operator relative to the work rate expected
under standard or normal performance. Let E_w
symbolize worker efficiency
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
 The available time per hour per vehicle can now be ex-
pressed as 60 min adjusted by A, Ft, and Ew

AT = available time, min/hr per vehicle

A = availability
Ft = traffic factor
Ew = worker efficiency
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
 The rate of deliveries per vehicle is given by

Rdv = hourly delivery rate per vehicle, deliveries/hr

per vehicle
Tc = delivery cycle time, min/del
AT = the available time in 1 hour, min/hr
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
 Workload is defined as the total amount of work, expressed in
terms of time, that must be accomplished by the material
transport system in 1 hr

WL = workload, min/hr
Rf = specified flow rate of total deliveries per hour for
the system, deliveries/hr
Tc = delivery cycle time, min/del
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
 Number of vehicles required to accomplish this
workload can be written as

nc = number of carriers (vehicles) required,

WL = workload, min/hr
AT = available time per vehicle, min/hr per vehicle
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
 (1) single direction conveyors
 (2) continuous loop conveyors
 (3) recirculating conveyors
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
 (1) single direction conveyors,

Time required to move materials from load station to unload station

Td = delivery time, min; Ld = length of conveyor between load and

unload stations, m (ft), and vc = conveyor velocity, m/min
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(1) single direction conveyors,
Flow rate of materials on the conveyor

Rf = material flow rate, parts/min; RL = loading rate,

parts/min; sc = center to center spacing of materials
on the conveyor, m/part (ft/part); and TL = loading
time, min/part
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
 (1) single direction conveyors,
Time required to unload the conveyor must be equal to
or less than the reciprocal of material flow rate

Unit Load Principle: transporting np parts in a container

np = number of parts per container

4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
 (1) single direction conveyors
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(1) single direction conveyors,
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(2) continuous loop conveyors

 Total length of the conveyor

 The length of the delivery loop is Ld, and the length of the return
loop is Le
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(2) continuous loop conveyors
total time required to travel the complete loop

Td = delivery time on the forward loop

number of carriers in the loop

4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(2) continuous loop conveyors
Each carrier is capable of holding parts on the delivery
loop, and it holds no parts on the return trip

nc = number of carriers;

The maximum flow rate between load and un- load
stations
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(3) Recirculating conveyors.
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(3) Recirculating conveyors.
Conveyor systems that allow parts or products to
remain on the return loop for one or more revolutions
are called recirculating conveyors
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(3) Recirculating conveyors.
Three basic principles must be obeyed in designing
such a conveyor system (Kwo principle)
Speed Rule:

RL = required loading rate, pc/min; and RU = the

corresponding unloading rate.
TL = time required to load a carrier, min/carrier; and TU
= time required to unload a carrier
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(3) recirculating conveyors.
Capacity Constraint: The flow rate capacity of the
conveyor system

Uniformity Principle: This principle states that parts

(loads) should be uniformly distributed throughout the
length of the conveyor
there will be no sections of the conveyor in which
every carrier is full while other sections are virtually
empty
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
4.3.2 Conveyor Analysis
(3) recirculating conveyors.
4.3 Analysis of Material Transportation system
 Conveyor Analysis
(3) recirculating conveyors.
Thank You For Your Listening