Unit. MULTIPLEINTEGRALS Overview ‘This unit deals with the evaluation of multiple integrals, specifically double integrals, and triple integrals. Learning Objectives ‘Atthe end of the unit. am able se: 1. evaluate double integrals by iteration; and 2. evaluate triple integrals by iteration, ITERATED INTEGRALS (DOUBLE/TRIPLE INTEGRALS): Similarly or analogous to partial differentiation, a function of two independent variables may be integrated with respect to one variable while holding the other variable constant. For example, if is regarded as a constant, we have, [Payday ‘This process is called partial integration with respect to y. When the limits are functions of xas indicated in the above example, the integral is a function of hence the result may be integrated with respect to x For example, Slade fxydy =f, = fi (ex3) ax dx (2x8) EFI 41-041 =% (15)In general, an expression of the form BLS feaydydx or BLES faayldy] dx re Ay where a and b are constants, is called an iterated integral. To find the value of (1), we first integrate f[¢) partially with respect to y and insere the limits for y. This gives a function of x say F(x). We then evaluate the definite integral [2 F(x)dx. Ina similar manner, the double integral SE £29) Foaydedy or SEU fix yidx]dy eey? m0) hasa value which fs found by integrating partially with respect to x between the limits. uly) and s2(y), and then incegrating the result with respect to y between the limits c and d. Note: The integral (1) is often written in the form > fn yydy Similarly, the expression LEIS IR&? fey zdz dy dx or ace Fh ax Si) dy 22" Fn y.zide no is also called iterated integral (triple integration). It indicates that three successive integrations are to be performed in the following order: first with respect to 2, then, with respect toy, and Sally with respect to x. SAMPLE PROBLEM: evalume fbf! xtdy de SoS) xtdy dx = fo dx J) xtdy =J§ dx [x?y]2 cousideringxcas constant, =fo xo) [3-0]SAMPLE PROBLEM; Evaluate ff J,” x* ydxdy Si Sy” x" y dx dy =f dy JQ" x* y dx ‘Considering y as constant, . a Si 0" 8 vax ay = ff ay 1” oy =fay oo (S— ae =Sier oo FS =fi ey Gy) =fi yr dz [cae - ce] [64-1] [ss] co3* 2 (ox* 4 ]SAMPLE PROBLEM: Evaluate fj [" x? dy dx Sb Si 8 dy dx = J) [xy] dx = fp ax dx e315 =cy*- cont SAMPLE PROBLEM: a eY dix evanae [2 fr SSAMPLE PROBLEM: Evaluate [ody JY x ax ‘Solution: Seay SP xan= Cay FE = Gey BL WHF - 7] = fey @ ey) “3 SAMPLE PROBLESC: Evaluae [dy [2 dx 2" 2dz Solutions Klay (de [2% cdz= fi dy Bax IP = Iydy SP ex 2) (Ga? - OF] =) dy JP dx (2) G8y2) = ES dy GA) SP x de =i Lydy [= 1B = iS ydy Q [6% - 095)