Types of Evidences (Day 2)

A. Specific Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

a) Identify the claim and the evidence on the given text/video

b) Differentiate the types of evidences
c) Distinguish the examples that would determine that type of evidence

B. References
 Department of Education. 2022. Unified Supplementary Learning Materials
English Third Grading Module 4 – Judging the Validity of the Evidence
Listened to. Retrieved from: ENGLISH-USLeM_Grade_9_Week-7_Q3-
final.docx.pdf

C. Review
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write your answer after the question.
(ASYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY #3)
1. What is a claim?
2. Are evidences and supporting details the same?
3. What do you do first in finding the claim?
4. Define evidence.
5. Is it okay if an evidence is not factual but still related to the text?
D. Lesson Proper

Anecdotal Evidence: Stories That Form a Connection

Many essays feature anecdotal evidence, especially as an attention-grabber or hook in
the introduction. Anecdotal evidence is stories or case studies that support your thesis.
On its own, it’s not a strong type of evidence because it’s the retelling of something
that happened to one person or a few people. However, in writing, it helps you form a
connection with your readers. That connection is very important if you want to
convince readers of your thesis.

Sample Sentence
“I have dealt with anxiety my entire life. Because I was not aware of what I had for so
long and I did not have any help, I suffered from some mental illness, enduring
conditions such as depression, bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, statistics reveal.”

Some examples of anecdotal evidence include the following:

 Interviews with someone who tells a story related to your thesis

 A personal experience related to your topic
 A case study from a journal or your own research
 An excerpt from a journal or letter
 Statistical Evidence: Numbers that Matters
Statistics are powerful, especially if they come from good sources. You can use statistics
as a type of support in writing if they directly relate to your thesis. Especially shocking
statistics can even capture your reader’s attention in your introduction and immediately
begin to create support for your essay. The key is good sourcing, since statistics are easy
to refute if they come from sources that are not reputable.

Sample Sentence
“The answer, based on the prevalence of mental illness globally, is stunning: 8 million
people die each year due to mental illness. That is, 8 million deaths could be averted if
people with mental illness were to die at the same rate as the general population.”

These are some examples of statistical evidence you might use in an essay:
 Numbers gleaned from your own research or surveys you have conducted
 Numbers from personal experience if you have sources to support them
 Percentages from good sources like government reports or peer-reviewed studies
 Measurements and numbers you gathered yourself or gathered from research

Analogical Evidence: Comparison with a Known Situation

One of the weakest types of evidence in writing, analogical evidence compares
something that is not certain or known with a situation that is known. Then, the text
draws conclusions based on that comparison. Although there are significant weaknesses
in this type of evidence, it is sometimes the only option for offering support. To make
this an effective type of support in writing, you need to make a strong case for the
similarities between the situation about which you’re writing and the situation that is a
known case.

Sample Sentence
“Lin Dan, the consistent top 1 badminton player once said, if you are good at
badminton, you’ll do well at tennis.”
These are some examples of analogical evidence you might use in your work:

 A peer-reviewed study that is similar in many ways to the topic in your

essay
 An expert opinion about something very similar to your topic
 A court case or historical event that is similar to your thesis
 Statistics from a journal or direct research that is related to your topic but
not exactly the same

Testimonial Evidence: Opinions of Experts

Just like in a court case, bringing in an expert opinion is a great way to add support for
your writing. Their authority on the topic is frequently seen as above questioning. This is
a good way to add support to your own opinions within an essay and to your thesis as a
whole. You can also use testimonial evidence to support topic sentences in your
paragraphs. You should always establish credibility for the expert before using that
person’s opinion as supporting evidence in your essay

Example
“According to cancer.org, 440, 000 deaths a year are caused by tobacco.”

Here are some examples of testimonial evidence you might use:

 Direct interviews with experts in your topic
 Quotes from an expert’s book, paper, or newspaper editorial
 Conclusions from essays written by experts
 Your own specialized knowledge if you have the credentials or experience to
support it

Evidences could be experiences, factual information or insights that people have towards
a specific matter. The way it’s been used will determine the importance of the evidence
itself.
E. Evaluation (ASYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY #4)
Directions: Identify the type of evidence that is being described in each item. Once it
has been identified, provide a sentence that suits your answer.
1. To make this an effective type of support in writing, you need to make a strong
case for the similarities between the situation about which you’re writing and the
situation that is a known case.
2. You can also use this type of evidence to support topic sentences in your
paragraphs.
3. You can use this type of evidence in supporting your thesis statement.
4. Most of the time, this type of evidence consists of numbers to prove a point.
5. Weakest type of evidence.