4 Show that Lr oon values a CY and 2m dhe Blleving es rm has a onye Seltion. n-2y +42 2? 22 “a -2 = i ome 42e = ; 2. Slow dhat dhe ezsd vy #2 oe ; : ad qd ae ne 4ae oh e an ere =-4 has Y a ome solodion iF cD) yore than one solo if aed and &) no sali TF ae -% a+ and AF -u5 What neladhin mo axis dhe consdanls a, bomd Co & sue dhad= dhe G na a om hag & Soden - A424 32 2A an +by 12 7 Lb na toe et 4. Soe what- values of Xa and Aa dhe Blbwin apsiem of linean_ eypadion hag G) ho solv dim G) mone hen one solodien ts) a ene solodion . ood +2 26 bata. 432% 210 nee das& Gnd oll solodions af dhe. Slow goer 6 pean equochiong | nedcing th do dhe echelon far :— Ka 422 25 may Ze = qd “4 Se = +H 49224 6. be vc [Cte is a Arehin Rare a ron-emnedy ted- Kinda Reld F, lob Agev VE gev and ¥feV VE CE, WEEN be defied it dhe Allowing werd: (Ra) Os) = C69) + fo V nex and (YF) () = CH) Show hak Vis @ veeba space oven, EF(7 Shaw the V2 ab): abet 18 rot 6 veeba Bpaco aver. 2 widh nespect to eadh of She Clb ig operant of Vdeden. adekdion wm Vo ond eealed woldiplicadion ane | A iO) (a, 6) +(ed) = (a-t,b-4) amd E(eda(ar) [=) (s4) +(cd) aleve. pod) avd (04) = (va.¥4) lw) (a) +(ed) 2(aee, +4) and (a) = Kea. &) () b)+ (ed) = ee) md 109 = (a, Fe) W) (a¥) + (ed) = (e8) md k(o4) 2 ea +b) wv) a) + ¢d) 2 (eat, b+4) and ¥ (4) = (4,5) (vi) («¥) +(c4) 7 and ¥ (44) = (a a) i) (a) +(e 4) = (are, bad) and t (at) =(Ka, Pe) when ab Cd, # ée.8. ale Warton resem 2. Madnin rankSL ona be ee Oe hear space ; pur, 24.75, ‘85, '88, ‘91; C.U, '76, '80, '82, '83, '85; D.U. '82,'86: \ | 2.0.80, '83; RUH.'86, 88, CU. "81, '63, ‘85, ‘87,90; J.UH. 9M Definition—7 :Let F bea given fleld of scalars and let V be ‘a nonempty set of vectors with rules of vector addition and scalar multiplica' tion which assigns: to sany u; we Vasuri “u.+v eV and to, IR.U.M.SC.P.'86; : any ue V,;.ke Fa product k ue V. Then V is” called.a vector Space or linear space over. F.if the following ) axioms hold’: ‘ “os SMe Wy, VWewWe Visvu + (v4 w) fu +Wew, . ve 7 Vector Spacés 119 : i), 30e VSus0= O+usu, vuev where'0.1s called the zero vector, : eta . . ‘ (iti) ” Ue Ved-ueViu + Cu) = -u) + u=0,.V ue V-where “FO... aus called the additive inverse vector of u. ety) VayeVSutvevst eip d wv), Vae PandV uve Vo a (u 44) Sau tay. « “vil va, beFdhd ¥ ueV= +b) u sau’ bu eh (uli): va, be FandVueV= fab) u=a (bu). pet im \-. }(viti) 3 Le F, 140: 1u =u, Vu.ev, wheré:] is called the ui So salar. + a vente eg‘V(F} Weia vector'space:Ttien prove that : eV k0=0. tp {D. U. H. T. '75; D. U. '79, '83; C: U.'75,'82]« (i) Oc FandvueV>0 ; [D. U.'79; K. U.S. ‘83; C: U."75, '82] « (i) Ifku=Owhere ke Fand ue V>k=Ooru=0 + g WV ke FandVueVs CK) u=kCu)=—ku " as [D.'U.'79; D. U.H. T, '75; C. U. '75, '82] WW) Vice Fand Vu, ve Vk(u-v) = ku= kv. “[D.ULT'78) = () We havea 0@V20+usu¥0=u, Vine V. Now if = 0, then we get 0+0=0.--~ (I) Now we have, ? KO=KO+O) - UbyM 4 OKO+KO [e kta 4v) = Bu + kv] feut0=ul [> by cancellation law] v2 kOS0. : , (W We have 30¢ F=0+k=k+ Nowif k = 0, then we get 0+0=0~ kev. ~ () thy (01 [0k +K)u = kus Kv] foe (eke) w= ke { by (3) -[- kO=0}, 128; Linear Algebra’: Hi | Agatti we considerku =O" (4) adr 0-4 G) If kag” _ thert(4):= = Q:which is: Impossible, since-in (5) we have eke that u # 9. ‘Therefore, k must be equal-to zery Wek =O. - : ; =, lly). -We have : te a eae x0 : Qu=0' « tO Ee (ee GK) UEO, pf k+W=0] abot ke) u=ku+ ku). - * pekut Hoa}=0] : +). [by cancellation law | 4) os "Thus by. (8) and (2) we have (— Ku =k Cu) = = ku. | (We knowin=v=u+(-v) - (Q) and_k (¥) =~ ky (u+(-v)) Py (1) - ku+kty) fv kav) =dut ke] =ku-kev [by 2]