Materials Science Forum Submitted: 2021-05-10

ISSN: 1662-9752, Vol. 1043, pp 1-7 Accepted: 2021-05-28

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1043.1 Online: 2021-08-18
© 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland

On the Issue of Standardizing Concrete Frost Resistance to Ensure the

Reinforced Concrete Structures Durability
Grigoriy Nesvetaev1,a, Yulia Koryanova1,b *, Aleksey Kolleganov2,c,
Nikita Kolleganov3,d
Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344002, Russia
1

2
North Caucasus Federal University, 2 Kulakov avenue, Stavropol, 355029, Russia
3
3 CJSC "CB Ivleva" SPF "Geotexproektstroy", 44-2, Dovatortsev str., Stavropol, 355000, Russia
a
nesgrin@yandex.ru, bkoryanova.yi@mail.ru, calekskoll@mail.ru, dnikita.kolleganov@mail.ru

Keywords: frost resistance, reinforced concrete structures durability, cyclic freezing-thawing,

concrete structure, standardized indicators of concrete quality, class of operating environment,
class of concrete in terms of compressive strength, porosity, entrained air, service life

Abstract. When erecting monolithic reinforced concrete structures, the structure of concrete can
differ significantly from the laboratory standard due to the complexity of providing favorable
conditions for hardening, and therefore the compressive strength and especially the frost resistance
of concrete may not meet the design requirements, which can negatively affect the reinforced
concrete structure durability and require amplification, especially in earthquake-prone areas [1, 2].
Increasing the durability of reinforced concrete structures is possible by creating a rational stress
field, for example, by prestressing, incl. variable along the length of the structure [3,4], but this
technique is difficult to implement for monolithic reinforced concrete structures. It is possible to use
effective materials or methods of manufacturing structures [5, 6]. But this is also mainly
problematic for use in the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures. Generally
accepted methods of calculating the reinforced concrete structures durability subjected to cyclic
freezing-thawing during operation, incl. in a water-saturated state, do not exist. At the design stage,
ensuring the durability of such reinforced concrete structures is mainly reduced to the reasonable
assignment of requirements for concrete quality indicators, depending on the operating conditions,
which is the focus of BC 28.13330.2017 (EN 206) and GOST 31384-2017 from the premise of
ensuring durability of at least 50 years. In the above-mentioned norms of the Russian Federation, in
fact, two approaches are presented to ensure the durability of reinforced concrete structures during
cyclic freezing-thawing, incl. in a water-saturated state, namely: designing a concrete structure
capable of working under such conditions by standardizing the values of cement consumption, W/C
ratio, class of concrete in terms of compressive strength, amount of entrained air, or rationing of
concrete grades in terms of frost resistance F1 (first base method GOST 10060-2012 provides for
freezing in air, saturation and thawing in water) or F2 (second base method GOST 10060-2012
provides for freezing in air, saturation and thawing in 5% sodium chloride solution). The purpose of
this work is to compare various approaches to ensuring the durability of reinforced concrete
structures operated during cyclic freezing-thawing and to analyze the provision of durability with
standardized indicators when designing the structure of concrete.

1. Introduction
The main standardized indicator of the quality of concrete, which predetermines the durability of
those operated during cyclic freezing-thawing in a water-saturated state, incl. when exposed to anti-
icing agents, reinforced concrete structures, it is a frost resistance grade F1 or F2. This indicator is
indicated both in the standards for individual structures, for example, GOST 25912-2015, and in the
general standards for the building structures protection against corrosion, in particular, BC
28.13330.2017, GOST 31384-2017. The norms regulate depending on the class of the operating
environment XF1…XF4 minimum class of concrete in terms of compressive strength from В20 to
В35, maximum value of quantity W/C from 0.55 to 0.45, minimum cement consumption from 300

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