Transport and Index of Growth of an Economy

Chhavi Talele
X Marigold
14
 Index

Sr No Topic Slide No Date

1 Acknowledgement 1 04/08/2021

2 Introduction 2 04/08/2021

3 Different Means of Transport 3 04/08/2021

4 Advantages and Disadvantages 04/08/2021

5 Modern Means of Transport in India 04/08/2021

6 Regions where transport has acted as an index of growth 04/08/2021

7 Summary 04/08/2021

8 Conclusion 04/08/2021

9 Bibliography 04/08/2021
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my

teacher Ms. Tuhina Roy who gave me the golden opportunity
to do this wonderful project. I came to learn a lot of new
things through research which I would not have known
otherwise and I am very grateful for it.

I would also like to thank my mother for guiding me through

the process of making this project.
 Introduction
 Transport or transportation is the movement of humans,
animals, and goods from one location to another. In other
words, the action of transport is defined as a particular
movement of an organism or thing from a point A to a point B.
Modes of transport include air, land, water, cable, pipeline, and
space.

 Transportation system is important to urban and social

development. It virtually influences every aspect of community
life. They are the means of moving people, goods and services
throughout the region, destinations around the world.

 This system has played significant roles in shaping patterns of

growth, facilitating economic prosperity and is an important
component in overall planning of the community. The road
network in the city should be planned in an integrated manner
along with the public transport network.
Different means of Transport

Road Transport
i. Among the most common examples of land
transport through roads are buses, trucks,
motorcycles, rickshaws, and scooters. Nowadays,
modern and improved means of transport such as
electric cars and scooters have also made their
way in present-day modes of transport.
ii. Roads can be built even in places where other
means of transport are not possible. They iv. India has paved roads from ancient times as is evident
from the ruins of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. The
connect the towns and cities, even in remote
earlier emperors connected their capitals with other
areas like mountains and deserts. parts of their territories. In our country, we have a
iii. The network of roads has been categorized into good and a large network of roads.
National Highways, Expressways, State Highways,
District Roads, Rural Roads etc. v. The farmers mostly use bullock carts or tractors to
carry their goods to towns and cities.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Roadways

Advantages Disadvantages
 It is through the roads that every village and  Many roads are unsurfaced and not suitable
hamlet can be reached. for regular vehicular traffic.
 Construction cost of roads is much lower  Roads are not properly maintained, which
than that of the railway line. can cause heavy losses in the form of wear
 Roads can be constructed even in the areas and tear of vehicles.
of difficult terrain and where railway lines do  There are multiple check posts, toll tax and
not exist. octroi duties collection points on the roads.
 Roads offer door to door service and reduce  Many roads have inadequate capacity, weak
the cost of loading and unloading. pavement, unbridged level crossings and
 Movement of roads is safer as the chances lack of wayside amenities and safety
of pilferage are less than in the railways. measures.
Railways

i. The Railways constitute the principal mode of transportation

for freight and passengers. They provide a cheap and fast
means of transport.
ii. It brings together people from the farthest corners of the
country.
iii. Railways were first introduced to India in 1853.
iv. By 1947, the year of India's independence, there were forty
two rail systems.
v. In 1951, the systems were nationalized as one unit, becoming
one of the largest networks in the world.
vi. Indian Railways operate both long distance and suburban rail
systems.
vii. In many times of crisis, such as floods, famines and wars,
railways carry men and materials to places where they are
most needed. In big cities, we have local train service as well.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Railways
Advantages
 Railways transport raw materials to the
production units and finished goods to the
markets.
 Railways help in reducing sufferings during
natural calamities.
 Railways facilitate easy movement of police,
troops and defence equipment.
 Railways provide comfortable journey as the
trains and enough space to stretch legs and
move in the corridors.
 Rail travel is safer and comfortable for families
with babies and elders.
Disadvantages
 Train travel lacks flexibility of routes and
cannot be laid in every region of the country
like in the mountains or remote forested areas.
 Train travel can be very long and tedious,
compared to air travel.
 The trains which run on coal produce a lot of
air and noise pollution.
 Trains cannot cross the oceans. They are
limited to land travel and cannot normally haul
products from one continent to another.
 Airways

i. Airoplanes are the fastest means of transport. All our major

cities are connected to one another and to almost every part of
the world through air transport.
ii. Air transport in India started with a 10-km air mail operation
between Allahabad and Naini in 1911.
iii. However, air transport made its progress only after India
attained Independence.
iv. At present, India has both domestic and international airlines.
They carry passengers, freight and mail.
v. The Airports Authority of India came into existence on April 1,
1995 with the merger of the then two authorities - National
Airports Authority and International Airports Authority of India.
It is the nodal agency responsible for creating, upgrading,
maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure and
providing safe, efficient Air Traffic Services and aeronautical
communication services in the country
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Airways

Advantages
 Air transport is particularly significant for a country like  Air transport is costly.
India in which owing to her vast size long distances
have to be covered between important cities.
 It is the fastest and comfortable mode of transport.
 The speed and ease with which airplanes can cross
mountain barriers, sandy deserts, large expanses of
water or forests make the air transport.
 It is used to air-lift people from the affected areas and
to air-drop food, medicines and other necessary things
to calamity affected people.
Disadvantages
 It depends on weather conditions. Flights are often
delayed due to bad weather.
 Air transport is run on petroleum which is a
nonrenewable source of energy.
 Air transport can carry small tonnage but it has high
freight charges.
 Waterways

i. India is endowed with an extensive network of

waterways in the form of rivers, canals,
backwaters, creeks and a long coastline
accessible through the seas and the oceans.
ii. Ships and boats are means of water transport.
Ships sail in the oceans and seas, carrying all
types of goods from one part of the world to
another.
iii. India has many ports along its long coastline.
iv. Water transport can be divided into two
categories :-
• Inland Waterways
• Oceanic Waterways.
 Advantages and Disadvantages of Waterways

Advantages Disadvantages

 It is most suitable for carrying heavy and  It depends on weather conditions.

bulky material.  It needs long travelling hours which causes
 It is a fuel efficient and eco friendly mode of sea sickness.
transport.  Water transport is limited to the areas where
 Travel by ships and cruise liners is rivers are navigable and oceanic routes exist.
comfortable as it provides lots of space and
facilities concerning daily life.
 Water transport is safe and has less traffic in
comparison to road and air transport.
 Modern Means of Transport in India

 India has one of the largest road networks in the world spanning approximately 47 lakh
kilometres. But the alarming rise in vehicular population has severely congested the roads in
Indian cities.
 Smart transportation is the need of the hour and can be achieved through developments in
smart infrastructure, smart automobiles, sustainable fuels as well as intelligent transport
systems.
 Launch of Metro rail projects in several cities has been a noteworthy achievement.
 The government is planning to develop 200 low cost airports in tier- II ad tier- III cities as well as
111 river- streams as waterways to facilitate coastal shipping to reduce traffic congestion as well
as road congestion.
 The recent idea of the Minister of Road Transport, Highways and Shipping is to develop more
cycle tracks and promote transport that runs on electricity like skybus, metro, cable car and
funicular railway.
 Regions where transport has acted as an index of growth

 Mumbai: Since metros and monorails have been introduced in Mumbai, it has helped the people
a lot. They can reach areas where cars, bikes, etc cannot go which makes transportation easier.
The number of companies around the area also increase which provides employement to most of
the people and people can get jobs easily.
 Delhi: The Delhi Metro is a mass rapid transit system serving Delhi and its satellite cities of
Ghaziabad, Faridabad, Gurugram, Noida, Bahadurgarh and Ballabhgarh, in the National Capital
Region of India. It is by far the largest and busiest metro rail system in India, and the second
oldest after the Kolkata Metro. It helps to move from one area to another quickly.
 Conclusion

 An analytical study of the above facts justifies the conclusion that the transport system in India is
making good progress. The Government is providing all reasonable facilities for the development of
the country’s transport. Its for the people to take advantage of the facilities offered and to step up the
country’s progress in the way we desire. Millions of tons of raw materials and finished goods have to
be transported over long distances and in the absence of transport facilities there will be bottlenecks
in the transport of goods leading to undesirable consequences.
 It is expected that intercity- travel demand will increase by 4.3 times between 2010 and 2050. In
business- as- usual ( BAU ), this demand will be met by road- based transport and a growing share of
air transport resulting in a higher energy demand resulting in challenges of national energy security
and greenhouse gas emissions.
 In cities, increasing travel demand, reliance on private motorized modes, and declining share of public
transport and non- motorized modes will increase energy demand and GHG emissions from cities.
 Bibliography

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport
 http://www.infography.com/
 Total Geography Class 10 ICSE
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship