𝑴𝑬𝑻𝑶𝑫𝑶 𝑫𝑬 𝑽𝑨𝑹𝑰𝑨𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵 𝑫𝑬 𝑷𝑨𝑹𝑨𝑴𝑬𝑻𝑹𝑶𝑺

𝑺𝒊 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒖𝒏𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑵𝒐 𝑯𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒈é𝒏𝒆𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒆𝒇𝒊𝒄𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂

𝒅𝟑 𝒚 𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
𝒂𝟎 𝟑 + 𝒂𝟏 𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒂𝟑 𝒚 = 𝒈 𝒙
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒙

𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒂𝟎 , 𝒂𝟏 , 𝒂𝟐 , 𝒂𝟑 𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒚 𝒈 𝒆𝒔 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒔ó𝒍𝒐 𝒅𝒆 𝒙 ó 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆

𝑳𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒆 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍, 𝒆𝒔 𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒂 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓í𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒚𝒄

𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑯𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒈é𝒏𝒆𝒂 𝒚 𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒚𝒑 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑵𝒐
𝑯𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒈é𝒏𝒆𝒂. 𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒓 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒚 = 𝒚 𝒄 + 𝒚𝒑

𝑺𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓í𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒂 𝒚𝒄 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑯𝒐𝒎𝒐𝒈é𝒏𝒆𝒂 𝒅𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂

𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒄𝟑 𝒚𝟑

𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔, 𝒍𝒂 𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒚𝒑 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝒅𝒆 𝒍𝒂 𝒆𝒄𝒖𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑫𝒊𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒂𝒍, 𝒗𝒂 𝒉𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒓

𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂: 𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖𝟏 𝒙 . 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒖𝟐 𝒙 . 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒖𝟑 𝒙 . 𝒚𝟑

𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒖𝟏 , 𝒖𝟐 , 𝒖𝟑 𝒔𝒐𝒏 𝒇𝒖𝒏𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒈𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆 𝒔𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆𝒏 𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂:

 𝒖′𝟏 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒖′𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒖′𝟑 𝒚𝟑 = 𝟎
൞ 𝒖′𝟏 𝒚′𝟏 + 𝒖′𝟐 𝒚′𝟐 + 𝒖′𝟑 𝒚′𝟑 = 𝟎
𝒖′𝟏 𝒚′′𝟏 + 𝒖′𝟐 𝒚′′𝟐 + 𝒖′𝟑 𝒚′′𝟑 = 𝒈(𝒙)

𝐸𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑐ó𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑛: 𝑢′1 , 𝑢′2 𝑦 𝑢′3

0 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦1 0 𝑦3 𝑦1 𝑦2 0
0 𝑦′2 𝑦′3 𝑦′1 0 𝑦′3 𝑦′2 𝑦′2 0
𝑔(𝑥) 𝑦′′2 𝑦′′3 𝑦′′1 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑦′′3 𝑦′′1 𝑦′′2 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒: 𝑢′1 = ; 𝑢′2 = ; 𝑢′3 =
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3 𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑦3
𝑦′1 𝑦′2 𝑦′3 𝑦′1 𝑦′2 𝑦′3 𝑦′1 𝑦′2 𝑦′3
𝑦´´1 𝑦′′2 𝑦′′3 𝑦´´1 𝑦′′2 𝑦′′3 𝑦´´1 𝑦′′2 𝑦′′3

𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒍𝒐𝒔 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒖𝟏 , 𝒖𝟐 𝒚 𝒖𝟑 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐 𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒙: 𝒖′𝟏 , 𝒖′𝟐 𝒚 𝒖′𝟑

𝐷𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒: 𝒚𝑝 = 𝒖 𝟏 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒖 𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒖 𝟑 𝒚 𝟑

 𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟏 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 = 4𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒄𝒊ó𝒏
𝑺𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆: 𝒚 = 𝒚𝒄 + 𝒚𝒑 𝒑𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒚𝒄 𝒖𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝑷 𝒓 = 𝟎, 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔: 𝒓𝟐 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 ,

𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒓 = ±𝟐𝒊 , 𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙

𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒚𝒑 𝒓𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒛𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒍𝒂𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒔 𝒄𝟏 𝒚 𝒄𝟐 𝒅𝒆 𝒚𝒄 𝒑𝒐𝒓 𝒖𝟏 𝒚 𝒖𝟐 , 𝒅𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒍

𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒂 𝒒𝒖𝒆: 𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + 𝒖𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒒𝒖𝒆:

𝒖′𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + 𝒖′𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙 = 𝟎

൝
−𝟐𝒖′𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐𝒖′𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 = 𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙

𝟎 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙
𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐
𝒙 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙. 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙
𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒐 𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒆 𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒂 𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆: 𝒖′𝟏 = =
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝟐
−𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙

𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙. 𝟐𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
𝒖′𝟏 =
𝟐
 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑢1 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝒖′𝟏 = 𝟒𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙. 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝟒𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒙,

𝒔𝒆𝒏𝒙
𝒖𝟏 = 𝟒 න 𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒙. 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟒 න . 𝒅𝒙 = −𝟒𝑳𝒏(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙) 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝒖𝟏 = −𝟒𝑳𝒏(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙)
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 0
2
𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑢′2 = −2𝑠𝑒𝑛2𝑥 4𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 = 2 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑔2 𝑥
2

𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆, 𝒖𝟐 = 𝟐 න 𝟏 − 𝒕𝒂𝒈𝟐 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟐 න 𝟏 − (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏)𝒅𝒙 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒙

𝒖𝟐 = 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒙 𝑷𝒐𝒓 𝒍𝒐 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕𝒐:

𝒚𝒑 = −𝟒𝑳𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + 𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙

𝑳𝒖𝒆𝒈𝒐: 𝒚 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒𝑳𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝒙 + (𝟒𝒙 − 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒙)𝒔𝒆𝒏𝟐𝒙

𝑬𝒋𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒐 𝟐 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑦 ′′′ − 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑺𝒂𝒃𝒆𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒒𝒖𝒆: 𝒚 = 𝒚𝒄 + 𝒚 𝒑 𝑷𝒂𝒓𝒂 𝒚𝒄 𝒍𝒐 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒏 𝒆𝒍 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒐 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒆𝒓í𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒐

𝒓𝟑 − 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒓 + 𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝒓=𝟏 𝒅𝒐𝒔 𝒗𝒆𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒚 𝒓 = −𝟏 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 𝒚𝒄 = 𝒄𝟏 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄𝟐 𝒙𝒆𝒙 + 𝒄𝟑 𝒆−𝒙

𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝒚𝒑 = 𝒖𝟏 𝒆𝒙 + 𝒖𝟐 𝒙𝒆𝒙 + 𝒖𝟑 𝒆−𝒙

𝐴ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠:

𝑢′1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑢′2 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑢′3 𝑒 −𝑥 = 0

൞ 𝑢′1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑢′ 2 𝑒 𝑥 1 + 𝑥 − 𝑢′3 𝑒 −𝑥 = 0
𝑢′1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑢′ 2 𝑒 𝑥 (2 + 𝑥) + 𝑢′3 𝑒 −𝑥 = 4𝑥𝑒 𝑥

0 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 0 𝑥 1
0 (1 + 𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 0 (1 + 𝑥) −1
4𝑥𝑒 𝑥 (2 + 𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 4𝑥 (2 + 𝑥) 1
𝐷𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒: 𝑢′1 = =
𝑒𝑥 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 1 𝑥 1
𝑒𝑥 (1 + 𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 1 (1 + 𝑥) −1
𝑒𝑥 (2 + 𝑥)𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 1 (2 + 𝑥) 1
 −𝟒(𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙) 𝟐 𝒙 𝟐
𝒖′𝟏 = , 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆 𝒖𝟏 = − න 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 𝒅𝒙 = − 𝒙𝟑 −
𝟒 𝟑 𝟐

𝟏 𝟎 𝟏
𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏
𝒖′𝟐 = 𝟏 𝟒𝒙 𝟏 = −𝟒𝒙 (−𝟏 − 𝟏) = 𝟐𝒙, 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆: 𝒖𝟐 = න 𝟐𝒙𝒅𝒙 = 𝒙𝟐
𝟒 𝟒

𝟏 𝒙 𝟎
𝟏 (𝟏 + 𝒙) 𝟎
𝟏 (𝟐 + 𝒙) 𝟒𝒙 𝟒𝒙 𝒙𝟐
𝒖′𝟑 = = = 𝒙, 𝒅𝒆 𝒅𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒆: 𝒖𝟑 = න 𝒙𝒅𝒙 =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟐

2 3 𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥 2
𝑥 3
𝑥 2
𝑥 2
𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑔𝑜 𝑦𝑝 = (− 𝑥 − ) 𝑒 + 𝑥 2 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 − 𝑒𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥
3 2 2 3 2 2
𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥 2 −𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑐3 𝑒 −𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 − + 𝑒
3 2 2
3) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑦 ′′′ + 2𝑦′′ − 𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ𝑥
−2𝑥
𝑒
4) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 2
𝑥
5) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑦 ′′ + 2𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝐿𝑛𝑥

6) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑒 −𝑥

𝑬𝑪𝑼𝑨𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵𝑬𝑺 𝑫𝑰𝑭𝑬𝑹𝑬𝑵𝑪𝑰𝑨𝑳𝑬𝑺 𝑫𝑬 𝑬𝑼𝑳𝑬𝑹
𝐿𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎:

𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 𝒚𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + … . + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙𝒚′ + 𝒂𝟎 𝒚 = 𝒇 𝒙

𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒, 𝑎0 , 𝑎1 , …. , 𝑎𝑛 , 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑦 𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑠ó𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑥.

𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎 𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠, 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑙𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 𝑒𝑡, 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑡 = 𝐿𝑛 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 = 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒: = 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑡 , 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 = 𝑒 −𝑡 .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦′ 𝑑𝑦
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦′ 𝑑𝑦′ 𝑑(𝑒 −𝑡 . ) 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 = = 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑡 = 𝑒 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 −𝑡
= 𝑒 (−𝑒 −𝑡
+ 𝑒 −𝑡
)
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑2 𝑦 −2𝑡
𝑑 2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝐷𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒: =𝑒 −
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
 2
𝑑𝑦´´ −2𝑡 𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦′′ 𝑑(𝑒 − 𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑡 −𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 −𝑡 −2𝑡 −2𝑡
= = = 𝑒 = 𝑒 −2𝑒 − + 𝑒 −
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑3 𝑦 −3𝑡
𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝐷𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 = 𝑒 − 3 + 2
𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

𝑇𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟, 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎:

𝑎𝑛 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛 𝑦 𝑛 + 𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛−1 𝑦 𝑛−1 + … + 𝑎1 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑦 ′ + 𝑎0 𝑦 = 0

𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑡
𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 = 𝑒𝑡, 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑡 = 𝐿𝑛 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , =
𝑑𝑡 𝑎
𝑑𝑦 −𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 2 −2𝑡
𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑3 𝑦 3 −3𝑡
𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛: = 𝑎𝑒 . , =𝑎 𝑒 − , =𝑎 𝑒 −3 2 +2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜 1 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥(6 − 𝐿𝑛𝑥)

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑑𝑥
𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠: 𝑥= 𝑒𝑡, 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑡 = 𝐿𝑛 𝑥, = 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝐷𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠: = 𝑒 −𝑡 . , =𝑒 −2𝑡
−
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜 2. 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 (2𝑥 + 1)2 𝑦 ′′′ + 2 2𝑥 + 1 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦 ′ = 0

𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑐𝑖ó𝑛

𝑑𝑥 𝑒 𝑡
𝐻𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑒𝑡, 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑡 = 𝐿𝑛 2𝑥 + 1 , =
𝑑𝑡 2

𝑑𝑦 −𝑡
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 −2𝑡
𝑑 2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑3 𝑦 −3𝑡
𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝐴𝑑𝑒𝑚á𝑠: = 2𝑒 . , = 4𝑒 − , = 8𝑒 −3 2 +2
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 3 𝑑𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑠

𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠:

1. 𝑥 3 𝑦 ′′′ + 4𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥

2. 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 2𝐿𝑛2 𝑥 + 12𝑥

2 ′ 𝑦
3. 𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 + 2 2 = 𝑥𝐿𝑛𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
4. 𝑥 3 𝑦 ′′′ − 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦 = 𝑥 3

5. 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 1 + cos 2𝐿𝑛𝑥

6. 𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ − 3𝑥𝑦 ′ + 4𝑦 = 0, 𝑐𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑦 1 = 1; 𝑦′ 1 = 3