CAMBRIDGE ENGLIS. CAMBRIDGE we cae Assessment i Fart ofthe University of Cambridge Cambridge English EMPOWER rupeNT’s BOOK Adrian Doff, Craig Thaine Herbert Puchta, Jeff Stranks, Peter Lewis-Jones with Mark Hancock and Wayne Rimmer“ak about animals leering lanaage 1A Tatkabout second language laming Adverbs and adverbial oivasas 1B Describe languages and how they ‘The perfect aspect change 1 Express yourself in an inexact way 1D rte web forum post Review and extension Wore practice Languoge learing; Word stress: noun forms wih Noun forms ton and iy Describing changes Sentence stress Sound and spline: €2, 22 and. WoRUPOWER Idioms: Body parts Exqressing yourslt ‘ai? Going oxremes Geling vated Tak about rece of creme contons 2A Describe extreme sensory experiences Comparison Matt word ver Social interaction CCorsonant-vowe! inking 28° Takabout plans ntenions and Inter and Vertscfmovemert Word goupsand main sress rangement arrangements ie ace Emphatic tess hing adie tea repr Review and extension Wore practi WoRuPoWeR Idioms: Movement iS Tavel ane advent t fetlng saad Tak about amstapen aad ip 3A Emphastse pesve and regaive Inversion experences ‘38 Deserve journeys nd landscapes Future inthe past Narative tenses 30 Paraphrase and summarise 30 Wie a trove review Review and extension More practice Tone in iverson structures Word sess Weath and poverty Landscape features Glo tons Corsonant groups across two words WORDPOWER Idioms: Landscapes Paraphrasing and summarising “Unit Consciousness Gating started Tak about manipuing the sorsos 44k Tak about using snc and reson Noun pases 448 Takk about memories and remembering have get passives 4¢ Use tactin femal ascussions 40 Wile peo artete Review and extension More practice ‘Tait Faimess i = Geting started Tak about aces fr prisoners 5A. Talc about crime ae punishment Resative classes $58 Takatout jo requrementsard far Witness, obligation pay and necessity 8¢ Recall and speculate 50. Wit an opinion essay Review and extnsion More pr Instinct nc reason Sound ane spire oss! 55 Memory Sentence sess Homophones in words and connected spaech WOROPOWER mind ime and usice ‘Sound and sping sand ss Employment Word stess: nouns and verbs Main stress \WOROPOWFER Idioms: Crime Being tactalin formal clecussons Recalingand speculatingContents BBC iterdew: Second language veamieg Quotes: four celebrite language learnrg experiences Monologue: the origins of words ‘cle: How quiet is the Eris Four monologues about how languages language changing? Describing experiences of language learning Discussing language leaning factors ‘Speculating when Engish words crates Discussing interesting fac abeut your Five poces of vice for language learners (charges in your werd change Factfile: How arguages ere special language and others ends and hats Sharing rough deta of an experience Monologue: he dominence of English Four discussion board posts Pretictina the main points ofa takand Web eum post asa world language discussing our predictions Expressing opinions Monologue: My vow of sence Article: ve been fo te quietest Questionnaire: How sensitive are you fo place on Eat, sound? Discussing diferent views on commurication Intondew with a base jumper Leaflet Itching fra good thr? Giving opinions on exreme sperts aed Blog neta new Aricl: Why some ofus are thil- dangerous actos ‘parca sealers Discussing blogpost ‘A guest oversays his welcome [Advieing a fend ona icky stution eke Four monclogies about universty Report Review ofa soca Discussing the mers facies or asocial Report sal pegamme acts Frogramme and recommendations programme Linking: contrast ant ‘BBC talk The prcblem with “Tworetiews: Thinking of Discussing volunteer work abroad Blog gost: an unusual voturteerrg, Daniele Pap volunteering broad? Describing new experiences travel or tourism experience BBC aucio blog Journey ofa ietime, Nara arte: Survialon the Telingthe story ofan adventurous tip Article an adventurous ‘Mar Maro River journey A disastous interview Rarshesingend summers iniomal | gargs sey - conersatons| Two monologues about rogue Traveler's reviews Prague getanay Describing tho best and wars places you Tavel iow weckond have been as a tural Deserintve language: Expressing an opinion about place Wirtig rely (Que: Do you havea sith sense? Diemmas: woul you go with your gut instinct? “king about ehidhood memory Giving an eyewitness account ofa crime Discussing ways to improve memory Giving opinions tact BBC rao ciscusson ut instinct in medical cages ‘tice: Learn to trust yur gut! Four monologues about chikhood ‘tice: Fase chiahoad memories ‘ticle: How eyewitness evidence can be urvelatie Feedback and an unexpected cnpertunity Interview musicen Nora Manning Asking and answering questions about being Prfleartile interviewed fora profi article Organising information: Inerewirga classmale for @pafieatise Showing time relationships Profle arte: Nora Manning: “came back fom reveling woth mya fl of musi Recionews: bizare crimes ‘ticle: Can we havea swimming Ging defitons of cme vocabulary : poo? Lie at alden Prison Four mandlogues aboutempiyment Fou job descrgtons: Bomb scose iver, Private bute, Bical hacker an Soca engineer Opening up ‘Two monologues about job applicators Essay: Soca media and and socal meds recnitmant EEL Discussing punishments for crimes Discussing employment terms and const Exchanging infomation about diferent bs Negoistng salaries for range of bs Deeingwithastuaion witout te facts garners sy Discussing how an employer should respond Opinion essay toemployee cernments on social eda Essays Linking: adtion and renforoementGoting stated Talk about the impact of 3.D sree art {8A Describe photns and hobbies ‘Simple and continuous Adjectives: Sentence stress verbs Describing images (8B Tella descriptive narrative Petite clauses mations Main stress and emohatic stress (aterbs a adjectives) 6¢ Organise presentation Tone in comment phrases Organising peseniaton © Wea keto appicaton . Review and extension More practice WoRDPOWER Idioms: Feelings Goting started Tai about technologies inthe classroom “TA. Speculte about inentions and Specuaton and Compound adjectives Main sess: compound technology ‘educton adjecves "7B _Emonasse opinions abet the Cat santances Nouns with sutfes: Tonein cleft structures ial oae Society and ‘eatonships 7EAgoogise and adr faut Sound and speling: wand ooking and ou ‘citing aut TO White a proposal Review and extension More practice WORDPOWER self Geting tated Talk about physical ectiviy n old age 8A Describe seeping habits and routnes Gerunds ard infntves, Sloop Sentence stress Talk about fess and fe expectancy Condonals ‘Ageingand heath “Pitch extra information 8G Negotiate Intanation in impli questions Negotiating (80 We promotional material Review and extension More practice Geting started Tak about obstacles to urban deveonment 9A Tak about cy ie and urban space Reflsveand reciprocal Verbs with e- Sound and sping: re pronouns 98 Describe architecture and buildings Elsie and aubettution Daserting buildings Word stress 80 Dealwith confit Sound.and splirg:fordign _Daaling wth vwordsin English confict ‘90 Wrte a discussion essay : jeviow and exonsion Mowe practice ‘WoRDPOWER built Cetin started Tak about an unusual wedding 10K Give 2 presentation ar speech Regret anderiicsm —Cammunicaian Word groups and main siress structures veras 108 Talabout supersttens and tuals Passive reporting verbs Supersiions, CCorsonant soups customs ane bells 10 Take tus in mare formal Tone in queston tags Turan conversations | 100. Write fim review Review and extension_ Wore practice WoRDPoWER luck and chance ‘Communication Pus p.127 (Grammar Focus 9.138 ‘Vocabulary FocusContents co z= or peak t Interview with an amateur ‘Article: Lessons Et Erni has Discussing pholowrapy skis photographer laugh me abou sree photegapty Tang 2tout your favcurite photos Nrratve: the conclusion of Yew are Shorts: Youre noweenering Discussingthe themesiof piece of ition Creatiwan altematve row entering the human heert the human heart Readnga shat sion aloud encng ta shot sory A tig presentation Presenting an application fora grat bos goceres Five conversations about things to see Advertisement atcle writers -—‘Takingalbout what going onin yourlocal Letter of apolleation and do'nthelecal res requted fr local magazine area Forma eters; Giving 3 postive impression Tee menolggues: enters that Arte: about to lvervew ——_—Dscussing queso to ak a robot would make the ware a biter place 2 robot. Presenting 2 new invention Radio programme: From My Baakshe? nicl: Lonliiess and temperature Talking about what you read online Explaining How you woulé overcome. hypotnetia problem Unsofcited suexestions Dealing witha sua where you are at fault earners Four monologues: people express their Proposal tearm-buling Ordering the pesoraliy attributes required to Proposal ‘ninians af ther colleagues programme for seice management bea effective lea member Liking: highihng anc vingexamples Radiointoniew with slo resarcher Article: Top tps to lp you slagp Discussing tips for goo nights sloop Radio phone.in programme about Article: The myth af the eight-hour Pinning typical day for somecne with a waking un t right hep segmented seep pattern BaCintenievsIvngonacaire Article: Anttageing restmen's Discussing ant-ageng treatments reatites it Intern: We dort ave fo got sick Presonting your ews on heath and agar 25 we got oer ‘ves An exclusive story Neptatinge beat apatucer sevice gp sre Radointeniew: The tone Age Diet Homepage: AnaéStos Restawant’ Discussing what's important when you Promatonal material eataut Using persuasive anauage Podcast: ne ideas fr ‘smart cites’ Article: Evibiion Read London's Sharing information about intatives to first example of Shared space’ —_nprove cies Fact fies four cy itatves Presenting ideas fr smarte’ cies BBC ens report: Panis’ skyscraper? ticle: Zaha Hadid dont make Desoiting buildings China reacts against test culking nice fie bulrgs Presenting a proposal forthe redevelopment fa derelict bulking Roleplay discussing the stat of town Aleak and afl out : LS Unit Progress est} Conversation: fe ina rural community Essay: urban migration Discussing rural and urban Bving Discusion essay In New Zealand compared to fein Linking reason and resuit actly Three monclogues about giings Article: How tage a aller Discussing what makes a good presertation presertaton presentation ‘ving a one-minute speech: (2aming fam my mistakes Racin terion: supestiionsinthe Ace: The game before the game Discussing superstions, customs and beliefs The og of the Macbeth theate Role play taling about plans and responding superstions te theatre Explaining teatreal superstions A successiul inteniew Taking tums in an interview Fourmonologues about how people Two i reviews: Whiplash Discussing how much reviews influence your Flim review bse reviews choices (Concise descrnion Wilting focus p.169 ‘uloseips_p.175 Verb patos 9.190 regular verbsCET mae) CTA Ls HEREADING a Ww Do you agree with these statements about second language learning? Why / Why not? 1 It's helpful to get feedback from native speakers, New words are more memorable if you ike the thing they descr 3. Communicating in another language makes you behave a bit cferently 4 Grammar is 2 waste of time - | don’t even know it in my frst language 5 The biggest reward is being able to relate to people from another culture 6 Its possible to learn a language without writing anything o 7. When you've learned one second language, is easier to learn another "Native tanguage: ‘Second language: Thomasin ff vavetied to Mexico after fishing schoo! twas the beginning of a love affair with the country’s world famous cuisine and its language. BEBE, elearning of Spanish directed me to land in Mexico because wanted to go and speak Spanish. | wanted to talk to everyone, | wanted to eat everything cout see | wanted to Jst oink everthing Wiha Tove about tho Spanish language Te how gata and earthy and unpretentious was The chef explains how se scked up the language lish by dish. = When youre traveling round the Yucatan coast youre tasting acts and youre having habenore chilis and having cores with pipe. Theres tis whale resonating language goin on tat Gras you In Te favour and the language or Inked because yo know the taste andthe memory and the words ae al Mn of Caught up and bound Into one so theres this whole tanguageof fou and emotion Ellen MacArthur's career forced her to brush up her schoolgirl French. {had to repair a boat there [In France] and was working in a boatyard where nobody spake English - you learn very fast when you ‘nved to n onde to get a job done. You could say that my Ife depended on understanding the seneaage. | wos certafny able to be more competitive in the ess result of speaking French - the experience was @ freat Immersion. IH tert, trough Nevin learnt he language PD, M nile Tvng n the country my writen French is tere. She retlects on her acquisition of French. nto a word that Tt opened up the warmth of culture to me; 2 way I Morena He rely understand, or evan kre exited my earty teens. Learn to talk about second language learning Wiener nonce Pete ete canon b Read about four language learning experiences. Who might agree with each of the statements in 1a? ‘Al Read the texts again and discuss the questions. iN © do you think studies the systematicaly? Who do you think has/had the strong metivatidn to learn? Why? Whose language learning experience was the most challenging? Which, if any, of the people do you relate to most vain neers: fl | Second languages: Caroline had a bilingual upbringing, | struggled with the pronunciation of some words in English when | was very young, ‘and | still can't say Tunch’ or ‘shoulder’ Having another language from a Very young age accustoms your mind to the idea that there are many different ways ‘or words with which to express concepts ‘and objects, and | suspect it must also Shape the brain to make more connections between things. Her ability to speak German got her 2 job as a journalist with the BBC in Beri. ‘Speaking the language makes a huge difference to how people relate to you, ‘and the experience that you have of that country it enables you to relate to people in a different way, and understand vital nuances that are otherwise lost. She believes that using different languages ‘changes her personality and mannerisms. She says she uses her hands ‘whilst talking in French, and in Gorman becomesEAGRAMMAR Adverbs and adverbial phrases Notice the fIGBIBEHER acverbials in the texts. Ada them to the lists below. The first one is done for you. 1 Comment (oc to express the speakers point of view! ‘leary, apparent, actualy, basicaly 2 Degree (used to make the meaning Songer o weaker: very, quit, Manner (used to sy how slowy, on foo, Time in the eighties, overnight, 5 Frequency never, 3 4 'b What position(s) can each adverbial take in these sentences? Which adverbials change meaning in different positions? 1 a intheend 1,3. b eventually 1 managed to hold @ conversation in Japanese a extremely often 1 found it afcut, 2 frequently ball the time 21 2madesily mistakes ° 4 a slomy b clearly 11? would tke native speakers to speak to me 5 a naturally well "im 2quite envious of friends who can already speak the language °. CHRIS PACKHAM is ieee ied Having bought a house in the Boon taee feoe erence mm pera eee = ‘saying. Then I said to my neighbours: ‘L oie eh Fon oy rae Eo shaky start, his confidence has grown Mie woupet ste op hee Gok Mee ate aoe) a byte ond of tot | wn engin en oe ptr gtr aren ey ab fo polghbours av anliuss ough rho. Peale have been | ‘welcoming. Til speak to unit 1% ¢ B® Now go to Grammar Focus 1A on p.138 d Ch Use the adverbials in the box to describe an experience you have had of learning @ new skill, without naming the skill. Can you guess what skill your partner is talking about? in the beginning obviously extremely eventually properly clearly incorrectly naturally in the end ‘Obviously, | was hopeless in the beginning. In order to do it property, ‘you have te concentrate ‘on the ball Playing a complete game involved @ lot of walking and I was extremely tired afterwards. VOCABULARY Language learning a Look at the underlined parts of the texts. Match the words and phrases 1-4 with the definitions ad. 1 C1 pickup 3D gasp 2 E] beush up 4D nsy understand something, especially something dificut 'b less able because you are out of practice Cc learn something quite easily by being exposed to it d_ improve your knowledge of something you've party forgotten 1b Now go to Vocabulary Facus 1A or p.158 © Read the questions about your English language learning background. Add two more to ask a partner. When did you frst start learning Engish? How Song wast efor you could hol a conversation in Engish? 3 When did you frst put your learing into practice? 4. Have you progressed as well at you expected? Have you ever been immersed in an Engich-speating culture? If'so what was tite? Frnotis there 3 cule you would tke to get to know? How important i to you to speak accurately? Why? What level of competence would yor like to attain eventual?"unit 1 LISTENING a 2B Discuss the questions. 1 Apart from English, what's an important second language in your country? Why isit important? 2 Do you speak this language? Is it widely spoken? Why / Why nat? 3. In your experience, are native English speakers good at speaking second languages? Why / Why not? b iM Listen to language expert Susanna Zaraysky talking about second language learning amongst native English speakers. Tick (¥) the points she makes 1 [1 Native English speakers don't see second languages 2s being necessary. 2 [1] Native English speakers lack opportunities ta practise their second language ski 3 [1 Having to learn the grammar ofa second language can be demativating 4 (1 Being surrounded by different languages often helps people to learn a second language. oe peer jguese, Serbo- rans ea ¢ @ME Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Why does Susanna think Brazilians are motivated to learn english? 2. How can media and music make it easier to learn @ neuage? 3 How did Susanna's childhood expasure to Spanish impact on her formal leaming of tas an adult? 4 Susanna says ‘your heart has to resonate with the language’. What does she mean by this? How does she suggest people do this? 5 What three reasons does she give for believing ts worth learning a second language? second d CW Discuss the questions. 1 Doyou agree with Susanna about the importance of media and music fr language learners? What ere your earliest memeries of English language media and music? 2. Are people in your country generaly enthusiastic about language leering? EX SPEAKING and VOCABULARY Noun forms 4 © What's the noun form of the words in brackets? Listen and check. 1 Isthis (reluctant to lean foreign languages Justa feature of Britain, oF do you think, all English speaking peoples? 2 agree with your previous speaker tht there's a lack of — (necessary) 3 People dont see the necessity and, so, necessity breed’ (rmotvate, 4. English speakers have litle to no the sounds of foreign languages. (expose) to 1b BD Now go to Vocabulary Focus 14 on p.158 ® How can these factors have an impact on second language learning? + the right mentality ‘© financial limitations © distractions ‘opportunites for interaction first language interference natural competence the prestige of knowing a second language d Choose a person 1~3 and write five pieces of advice for them, 1 an English speaker who wants to lear your language 2 atriend who wants to pass a state English exam 3 a teenager who finds languages at school a turn-off —B Work in pairs. Compare your ideas in 5d and prioritise four suggestions which are useful for all language learners, | couldn't agree more: | also think putting your leaming The most universally into practice whenever you Useful suggestion here {s to invest in a good can is really important. ictionary.teeta Eee Ee gee en ner Reese NENA NT Se ESPEAKING =] a ® Look at these words. Do you know what each one means? «= g) SD 5 ~ is < 0 o babysitter = + . 1 Te >t 5 Pe Oo = %& 0 brainwash ® < Bollywood & b C® Each word in 1a was first used in a different decade, from the 1900s to the 2010s. When do you think each word first came into the English language, and why? Put them in order. © GHW Listen and check your answers. What is the significance of photographs 1 and 2? fC Do you know any words that have come into the English language recently? EAREADING How quickly is @ Read the introduction to an article about the way English has NS eComm ah eted PEIN changed. Which two points does the writer make? C1 English has become less complex over the years 5] Many changes to language take place gradually so we may not natioe ther. {f) We all know language changes, People's favourite music 5] Modern technology has helped us to see haw language is changing. || was far-out in the 1960s, rad in the 1980s, wicked in © the 1990s and avesome in 2010. You just need to watch a film from ten years ago to hear phrases that have ‘come and gone, language changing? b Answer these questions. 1. Wat do you think the worcs i tain paragraph 1 mean? 2 Can you think ofan example of the annoying inconsistencies feteen speling and pronunciation in Enalish However, there are far more subtle ongoing language ‘changes taking place at any given time. These changes. ‘may have a hugely significant impact but can go entirely unnoticed while they are in progress, ¢ B Communication 1B Work in pairs. Student A: Go to p.127. ‘One aa cheaee to. Enel that a ee ‘| dent Bs 37, perceptible et the Get iy athe eau ae Shife. Over a period of 350 years (lrom 1350 to 1700), a the long vowel sounds of English drifted so far that 4 CW Look at each pair of sentences below. Do the sentences peskert ot ether end af the pers tan show a change you read about? Explain the change to understood each other, However, nbody noticed lar about 100 years after it had happened! The Great your partner. Vowel Shift was a major contributor to the annoying 1 a Shall we meet at 6.00? inconsistencies between spelling and pronunciation in b Do you want to meet at 6.007 English that have plagued users ever since 2 a | was fred from my job, days no such important change would go I got fred from my job. ‘unnoticed. Linguists can now analyse huge collections 3 a Shestarted to cry of text and transcribed speech and identify ongoing D She started crying pattems of change that in the past would not have been irae : Visible for many years to come. Here are some of the 42 Vought to ao soon, less noticeable changes that are occurring in English 1b I need to be going soon, ight now x ——=—— ss eC"unit 1 EAVOCABULARY Describing changes Read the sentences about language change. Which words/phrases in bold tell the reader a thesspeod ofa change ooo © thata changeis in progress a © howeasy a changes fo see Ooo00 d_ about something thet is decreasing — ] [[) @ howbigorimporantactanes = OO f thata change is long-term or permanent [] about something that is increasing ==] 1) You will write some numbers more than once. “These changes may have a hugely significant impact but ean go ‘entirely unnoticed while they are in progress. “There was a steady shift toward more frequent ‘use of the verb + -ing and these forms are still 7on the increase. “The use of continuous passive verb forms has also a rapid rise, Stiff, formal words like shall and ought are "on the way out. 1¢ use of get passives has “grown substant b CX Write sentences about real changes. Then ‘compare your ideas with other students. 1 something that is on the way out in your eulture 2 a place that has changed substantially in recent years 3 a problem that is on the increase 4 a fashion that has taken hold recently amongst the younger generation fs ersulliecchenge tra populer product ie LISTENING and GRAMMAR The perfect aspect a @MM Listen to four people commenting on the article in 2a and answer the questions. 1 What kind of language change does each speaker focus on? 2 What specific examples does each speaker give? b Clb Are the kinds of change the speakers mentioned happening in your first language? © GiB Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Then listen and check. + Language *___ much faster since people sterted using the Internet. (change) Ina few years time, they 2 ‘out of fashion and other new words» Into he language. (go, come), I mean, people Using strict rules for punctuation (stop) + In about 50 years, most dialects of English =_. (die out) ‘+ Older generations *__ about language changing, They *____stronaly about it (always / complain, always / feel) + People photos of themselves before 2013, but they hadn't had a single word fort. (take) ‘+ The word Wireless ‘completely diferent meaning Lunil computers came along —it meant ‘radio’. (have) Answer the questions. 1 What time period do the examples c1-9 happen in? a 2 peticd up tothe present? a period up toa time in the past? © a period in the future? 2 What do all perfect verb forms have in common? Choose the ‘correct word to complete the rule. All perfect verb forms describe actions, states and processes in the time period before/after particuler point in time. @ Gila Pronunciation Listen to the sentences in 4c again and notice the pronunciation of the words you added. What kind of words are stressed? What kind of words are usually unstressed? 1B Now go to Grammar Focus 1B on p.139 g CB Talk about words in your own language. Think about: ‘+ word in common use naw which Rad been invented when you were a child + aword that people have been using a lt this year word that wll ave fallen cut of use in 20 years time + aword that has changed its meaning.unit 1° EAREADING and SPEAKING @ What is unusual about the remarks in zeae HOW LANGUAGES ARE SPECIAL pictures 1-3? What would you expect the people to be saying instead? b Cm Read the fact file and discuss the questions. 1 What do you think each fact tells us about the soeakers’ culture or environment? Or the way they think about the world? 2 Which language feature do you think is most unusual? © Language in context Expressing meaning Read the dictionary definitions and complete the example sentences with the corect form of 2 ENN word from the fact fle 1s doce wi he mertag camremic Its very hard to the animal's behaviour. 2 tonatice or understand the difference between ‘wo things Its very difficurt to between the 3 to show the difference between things The thing that her fram the others, is her taste in clothes. 4 to explain something more clearly by showing examples, pictures, et. Why don't you include some stories to our points? 5 to show, point, or make clear in another way She shook her head to that shouldn't speak. 6 to express a thought, feeling or idea so that it is understood by other people Her face her featings even if her words aid 7 to represent an abstract quality or idea exactly We need a siogan which the philosophy of our business d CB What facts about your own first language would you add to the fact file? Think of + an area of meaning where there are many mor cr many fewer, words than Engish + anigiom which can't be translated ito English + Brammer or vocebulary which might reflect the cule. Explain your list to a partner. € (2B Read the opinion below. Language is the main influence on how people view their world, Do you agree? Why / Why not? oud you move se tomweastane sop Teihis sate cart ‘The DANI OF NEW GUINEA only @SHi@UIBA colours fron one another using two. Words, one for darkcolours and the other light colours. Iclsbelleved that the INUIT IN NORTHERN CANADA have about So different vords forsnow and about 40 ways to distinguish diferent kinds ofice from one another. ALBANIAN has 27 diffrent words for kinds of moustaches Posht, fr example, means ‘a moustache which hangs down atthe ends HAWAIIAN LANGUAGES have 108 words for sweet potato, and 47 for banana Inthe NAIVE AMERICAN LANGUAGE HOP he vers on: SE betwen stand pete rata erect or the speer aon e GUUGU YIMITHIRR, a language spoken in northeast Austalia, does not have words fore and ight escectog tah sted they weer south ato wet When they want someone to take a turn in the road they'll say, for example, ‘Turn @ Mei wes Inthe language of THE MARQUESAN ISLANDS, eos re RE with teferenceto geographical features which can make ther tad RBI fou don't know exactly where you ar. Fr exarple, a Marquesas might ay that yout bicycles owtream ofthe house‘ that you should Wal inland, then seaward to ett your destination UNTRANSLATABLE Mos languages have unique vd and tloms wich are mpossibleo translate exactly These words often the culture ofthe people who speak the language, Some examples that this ENGUSH: cosy = pleasantly warm and comfortable (GERMAN: Fernweh =a longing tobe somenerefar away JAPANESE: Mono no aware= a gente sadness tthe impermanence of things DUTCH: utwaaion = walking in windy weather for fun (GREEK: parea =a group friends who meet to shareideasand experiences KIVILA [PAPUA NEW GUINEA: mokifa =the truth thateveryoneknows but nobody tals about ——=—BUTT ae Ua Coa TT Discuss the questions. 1. Have youl or someone you know worked with ue for a long time? Who? How lone? od working b Cd Answer the questions about picture a. here do you think Sara and Alex work? at do you think ther relationship 3. What do you think their conversation will be about? Why? fatch or listen to Part 1 and check your answers in 1b. How and why does ‘Alex think Sara can help him? inguage in context Irony and understatement 1 Match Sara's and Alex's comments a-d with situations 1-4, a 1 Fullot the joys of spring | see! b [_] Don't sound so pleased to see me! c Li tts not exact 4 [J That'd be something of a surprise. {good news. expecting the exact opposite to happen, lex notices th thusiast 3. Alex sees that Sara looks unhappy. has received a worrying message ara's greeting is nat 2 2@ Why do you think Sara and Alex don't say exactly what they mean? Do people do the same in your culture? Answer the questions. Watch or listen to Part 2 WA Watch or listen to Part 2. What is t ‘again and check your answers. relationship between ... ? 1 What does Nadia want to talk about? Necia and Sara» Sara and Osca Wat cone Nadi vento tk eran 3 What does Nadia want tram £6 *# 4 What does Alex suazest is Neca’ reason for wo Sar 5 What help does Sara ask Mex fo? 6 What's Sar’ mma? g AW Discuss the questions about Parts 1 and 2. 1 What do you know al work for? Do you think Alex do similar jobs? How do you think Sara feels atthe end of this episode! What would be a suitable title for this episade of the story? the company Sara and Alexunit 1 USEFUL LANGUAGE Expressing yourself in an inexact way @ In informal conversations, we often express things in an inexact way. Read sentences 1-4. Which character said each one? Match the expressions in bold with their uses a-d. 1 [1 ‘plese’ and thank you"and stuf ike that 2 Fj Max whatsisname 3] sixauthors, give or take 4 F1 Im outot here, or words to that effect 'b Which three expressions in bold below could you use in 1-4 in 2a? Rewrite three ideas in 2a, changing the word order if necessary. 1 There were somewhere inthe region of 100 people. 2. She said something along those fines 3 Whatsorname was late, os usual 4 | neesi some bits and pieces from the shop. 5 I sald give thingy it Which two expressions can’t you use in 2a? Why not? Match them to their uses: 2 [J used to refer to things of ciferent kinds b [) used when you can't remember a woman's name, exactly El PRONUNCIATION Sound and spelling: ea, ee and ie a @IMA Listen to the words in the box. What sound do the letters in bold make? |s this sound always spelt with two letters? pleased meeting decent serie: b @im The spellings ea, ee and ie are not always pronounced with the vowel sound in 3a. Listen and put the words in this box in the correct column 2-6. “cheerful bear research great friend ¢ @IEA What sound do ea, ee and ie have in the ‘words in this box? Add them to the sound groups in 3b, Listen and check. Practise saying the * words. learn Greek hear heard meaning meant increase steadily niece pierce idea break breakfast early pear career Which is the only short sound in 3b? {2 used to give an inexact amount bused to report someone's words in an inexact way (© used when you can't remember someone's name exactly d_used to refer to things ofa similar type in an inexact way © Rewrite these sentences using expressions from 2a and b. 1 William Shakespeare, who wrote A Midsummer Nights Dream 2 went to the market and bought three items 3 She told me to go away, saying, ‘Please would you leave 4 | know a ite Polish ~ "hello, ‘goodbye’, the numbers cone tote, 5 ve been to 15 countries, d © Listen and compare your answers in 2c. Are they the same? Practise different ways of saying each sentence in 2b and c. SPEAKING a © Listen and answer the questions. 11 What experience does the speaker talk zbout? 2 The speaker says, the full horror of the situation dawned ‘on her. What is she referring to? b @iHEA Listen again and write down the expressions ‘from 2a and b that you hear. © Work alone. Plan to talk about an experience you have had, and make notes. Decide what exact details, you will give, and what you will mention in an inexact way. Here are some ideas: ‘+ Atime when you got to know someone new on 2 long journey ‘= Aime when you travelled somewhere new on the spur of the moment ‘time when you made an unplanned purchase d Clb Work with a partner. Take turns to talk about your experience. Use expressions from 2a and b to mention things in an inexact way.Skills for Writing You're spot on there! Learn to write a web forum post EI SPEAKING and LISTENING Cl Look at these borrowed words trom English used im other languages. Why do you think they are used? b Cw Write down some examples of English words that ‘are commonly used in your language. Then discuss the questions. 11 What are the main topic areas of borrowed English words in your language? 2. How do you / people in your county feel about adopted English words? ¢ Cl You will hear a linguist, Maxwell Kingsley, talking about the dominance of English as a world language. What do you think he will say about ... 7 1 around a billion people 2 an easy language 3 Latin 4 effect on the diversity of human languages 5 the only real disadvantage of the dominance of English 6 English as a tuly global language dima Listen and check. Make notes. Are there any points he makes which you find surprising? 16 EAREADING Read the posts to a web forum. Which two people agree with each other? 'b Which post ... ? + doyou agree with most, and why? ‘= do you think makes the most interesting point? EIWRITING SKILLS Expressing opinions @ Which elements (A-E) are used by each writer in the web forum? ‘A agrecing/disagreeing with a previous comment B stating a new opinion on the topic describing cultural trends to support an opinion D including personal experience to support an opin E making a summarising statement bb Write the fIGHIIBHEEH phrases in the posts in the correct part of the table. Disagre That simply isnt true. ment Agreement That makes a lat of sense. ‘That's easy to say, but You've hit the nail on the head. How can you possibly think || would go along with that that? 5 Thats a load of rubbish. u 2 3 Uncertainty Partial agreement / disagreement I've got mixed feelings about You've gota point, but this Its true that .. ut 4 On the other hand, | do feel © Look again at the fiBHIIBHEBE phrases for disagreement in the forum. Answer the questions. 1 What phrases do the writers use to soften the disagreement phrases? 2 Dayou know any ather words and phrases for softening your opinions? {Look at all the expressions in the table. Which ones are informal? Use a dictionary to help you. @ B Now go to Writing Focus 1D on p.169DOCU om CR Uae Lu reer cuca a) nae MC a os Dee eet acd that there's benefit to be had from a shared global language a ~ especially the opportunity to travel and DYING D _ SPeak to other people without constantly having to learn other languages. On the ther hand, as people have said elsewhere, | do feel the dominance of English interferes with the uniqueness of ‘many languages, for example, the way words ere borrowed from English ‘The worid is made infinitely more fascinating by having a variety of cultures. Different histories, cuisines, habits, styles of communication ... A huge part of this is our meny Unique languages and dialects. Using the English language is by no means the only thing that's been undermining this uniqueness, but it clearly contributes to R repr SS Ityou ask me, ve lived in various countries and people speak their ‘own languages 99% of the time Many do speak English as a second cette arguage or rterationl sonmentaton, NEULING — putas far as | can tell that doesn't have ‘much impact on their cultural identity. It's true that people ‘are constantly bombarded with advertising words like ‘she’ oF ‘action’, but these are justiempty buzzwords'so they don't matter that much, - ‘Most non-native speakers see English as a simple tool, bout they don't use it when they need to convey subtle etails and differences. A reply reat comment, (SUFTERERA there. {speak English fuenty but | use Finish {and Swedish!) in everyday life, and, as far fs I'm concerned, English is B taking over my life. We all know i's a global ARIETE language, but so what? Some language has. tobe. | get alot out of being able to use English but I'm ever going to stop using my own language. Why would I? Gon't quite get what the fuss fs about here. REPLYS, It scems to me al of Bit here. cven if Engish does replace fthor languages, its not the end of the world just the opposite in fact. | think that having one international language is 2 get way t0 nlp unt the world and the humen race in generl. How can we expect cultures to Keep peace between each other when they cant understand each other. Unique languages tend to oolato those communities which are most likly t be economically weak. ur heritage is onl history, end histery will never end can never be more important than the present or the future rept a PARSAUK unit 1. f Compare Flying D's and Ariete's posts. Whose ‘comments are more formal and abstract, and whose are more informal and personal? How can you tell? Think about... + abstract nouns «+ sentence length and structure + personal examples ‘= questions and ‘exclerration marks ‘+ colloquial expressions: ‘first person 2 What style of comment would you post on this forum: formal and abstract or informal and personal? Writing Tip In order to write good discussion forum cemments + Choose a syle and keep tof It canbe informal and _ chatty rit can be more formal and se%ous, but its botfor act to mix difront styles together. + Before you respond toa comment, red it carefully to make sure your response is relevant + Evonityou steely cisagree wth someone, try not to be impolite EAWRITING @ Read the opinions below and tick (V) the ones you agree with © © Countries need to protect their language (from the influx of English words. 99 The effect of English on other languages 217] has been more positive than negative. © © international English’ used by 3] non-native speakers is destroying the English language. 99 If you want to work for an international 4 company, you should learn English. 1b Choose one of the opinions and start a discussion forum. Write a comment of about 5-6 sentences giving your point of view. © Pass your post to another student. Read another student's post and add a comment. It can be a response, or a further comment on the topic. d Repeat 4c until you have commented four times. © Read the discussion forum which you started. Which comment do you think is most interesting? aUNIT 1 Review and extension Correct seven mistakes with adverbials, Please siowly try to speak, He will be probably late. We do by hand our washing. ‘We will be living in June in London. ‘She made me so loudly laugh lim the end managed to get in touch. You can compare easily the diferent brands. b Choose the correct form. 1 | have never visited / never visited an English-speaking country in my lif. I"ve been learning! {'m learning English forages. | had been crossing! was crossing the road when the car hit me, 4 | have wanted / wanted to give up at the beginning but! kept studying She has had / has her hair cut. Doesn't it look nice? 6 | will have been studying / will have studied for five hours by the time you get home VOCABULARY Replace the words in italics with an expression in the box. ‘acquire rusty brush up get to grips with hold a conversation immerse yourself in struggle with 1 Sally realy used to have problems with phrasal verbs, ‘The best way to leamn is to get to know fully the culture. Vladimir is amazing, he can talk with anyone in English. How do young children fesrn their fist language? Id better improve my French before the trip. | can't understand the complexities of German gramrnar. Mum's schoolgi Spanish must be worse thar it was b Complete the missing letters in each word. 1 Her popularity with teens has been on ar drs. 2 Even as___e change in his hairstyle gets comments. 3 There has been a steady s {toward part-time work, 4 This will not result in a | g change. 5 Black jeans are on the wy out. 6 Theo____g changes are affecting productivity. 7 Perhaps the benefits will nat be p. for a while. 18 Idioms; Body parts a GBA Complete the idioms with the words in the box. Listen and check ‘Shoulders hands tooth nose tongue head neck 1 Mark obviously has a for business investment; he has never lost us any money yet. 2 I walked across to the photographers, shouting and yelling. | completely lost my 3 Colleagues regard Mika as a safe pair of| who can be relied upon to step in when Svs. @BS required, 4 It may happen, but | vertainly wouldn't stick my. ‘ut and promise anything, 5 After five years training for this event, he's head and above the competition. 6 Ihad to bite my ‘when my manager took credit for my work. 7 wl ight and nail to prevent any scheme which threatens local livelinoods. b Match idioms 1-7 in 3a with definitions a-g a Di take a sk Ei try very hard to overcome opposton and get something you went © [be good at finding spect thing 4G] stop yourset rom saying something Ey lose control of your behaviour +E] someone other people tut todo good job & C] bea lot better than other competitors © Complete the idioms from 3a in these questions. 1 In what stutions do you tink its important to out? 2 Who do you know who's got for something? 3. Who's an actor you think is above mast athors? 4 How do you reactf someone you Know loses in front of you? 5 What's something you would fight 1 prevent? 6 Im what situations do you think people should tongues? 7 Who do you know who's a inan emergency? 1d CW Discuss the questions in 3c. Bea Oe Ate How well did you do in this unit? Write 3, 2, or 1 for each objective. 3=very well 2= well ICAN... talk about second language learning describe languages and how they change ‘xpress myself in an inexact way write a web forum post 1 = not so well OoooORE ae CNM ULE II SPEAKING a EL Listen to six sounds. Note down what you hear and ask and answer the questions. 1 How often do you hear these sounds? Where? 2 How does each sound make you feel? b B Communication 2A Now go to p.12 BAREADING a C2 Look at the picture, read the caption and discuss the questions. 1 What do you think an antechaic chamber is? 2 Do you think you'd like to go to one? Why / Why not? b Read about George Foy's visit to an anechoic chamber ‘on p.21. Was it a positive experience overall? © Read the text again and answer the questions. 1. Why did George begin his search? 2 What makes the anechoic chamber at Orfield so quiet? 3. Do most people enéy being in the anechoic chamber? Why / Why not? ‘4 What physical and mental effects can the anechoic chamber cause in people? 5 Why was George concemed about going into the chamber? 6 What was Georges frst reaction to being in the anechaic ‘chamber? 7. Did he enjoy all of his time in the chamber? Why / Why nat? 8 Wal does George say people should do to deal with sensitivity to noise? Cover the text and try to remember why George mentioned these things. 1 the New York subway 4 his scalp 2 amonastery anda mine 5._beating the record 3 his blood ov @ ©® Do you think you could have lasted as long as George in the anechoic chamber? Why / Why not? f Language in context Sounds 1 Match the definitions below with the Figalighited words in the text, strange and mysterious and a bit frightening (ad.) bso loud you can’t hear anything (ad}.) © to make a sound by repeatedly hitting something hard (4) dto.complain in a high, unpleasant voice (v) the sound an empty stomach makes (v) f allong, loud, deep noise (n.) the sound of a heartbeat (n.) the sound made by using only the breath to speak (n.) units that measure loudness (n.) 20 Learn to describe extreme sensory experiences fete PO ee eect The anechoic chamber, Ortield Laboratories, Minneapolis The quieter the room, the more things you hear. You'll hear your hoart beating, ‘sometimes you can hear your lungs, hear your stomach SURGING loudly. Inthe ‘anechole chamber, you become the sound. 2 Underline the adjectives in the article that describe these nouns: roar, whisper, thump. Learning Tip ‘When you make a note of a new word, i's a good idea to note dawn the collacation(s) as well. You can also look in dictionaries for other collocation ta add to your notes, 3 Notice the words noise and sound(s) in italics in the article. What words in the text form callocations. with these nouns? What part of speech are they? Use a dictionary to help you. block outnolse (v) a source ofI'VE BEEN TO THE PLAC ON EARTH by eorge Foy \3 My search started when was nthe New sow. Myce wee ‘HAG vais camo sereaing inthe staan tone and put my ands over my er nd covered the oe was Ince, the ever resent ul of planes car, machinery and ices is aft of Me. Ther fn ezape om tan | wes begining to be dave mad by. nated oad a place where end recapture a sense ef pace The quite tis place was the more reling it wou be {éecaed a goon amiss to cece wheter aoa lence evs {traveled toa monastery and amine 2 km undergound — both ery cuit but ot the uletest place on earth. The oe lage was mast ‘xctad abut ting was he anche camera Ori Lebratoes in Mimosa Tis a smal oon, nated wth yrs of concrete and ste to lockout ett sures fae and italy ned with utes that Absa al sound Even the oor i suspended mesh tsi an sound ctfooals I sot ISG is measured at 20 BEE he enh chamber i one stent tht The anectoe chamber i coneraby duit than any oer lace oneal rom being peace ost econ its perfec ut useing, Beng deprived fe uu Teasing ambert sounds can create et - empl vay sensory depron a foro rr. Atona do part the ting in ‘anechoic chambers at NASA, 30 they can learn to cope with the silence of space. The presene of curd means tings re woking; ushess 2s ul when sound i absent tha signals mauntn. had heard being in an anectoc chamber fot lnger an 1S iat can case ctromesyptons, fom causropobia and nasea a pan atacand ‘aural hallucinations — you literally start hearing things. A violinist tried it and) ‘on the door after a few seconds, demanding to be let out because he was so tube by be slnce. I boked 45-minute session no one had managed tsa in for at long beers ok apreensve fortwo reasons: wold | go mad and EXGRAMMAR compar B An 1 @ Cover the text. Complete the sentences with the words in the box. Then check your answers in the text on 3 considerably the (2) and infinitely nowhere near more 1. The quieter the room, more things you quieter this place was the more relaxing itwould b - 3. Theanechoic chamber is quieter than y other place on earth q 4. The sound [of my breathing) became more om more noticeable 1 5 Your ears sensiiveas the place 2 sets qu 3 The experience was, 2s disturbing had been led to believe 7 «you become. more accepting of the cf every tear ff my cts? Or would | smo be dsappointed wasn't as enjoyable a hoped? Wen the hea dor st behind me, was punged int darkness (tts can make arise. Forte a fo seco beng in such ‘a quiet place felt utterly peaceful, soothing for my jangled nerves. strcnes to hear something an herd. nig The, te a minut or wo, ecame aware ry onn rating. The sound became more and moe natceable 2 has my breath “ecu of heartbeat became pparent = noting cul about tat. Ashe mints ticked by. started thea the blood ‘shag in my vs, Your ears become more erste asthe place ets alter and mine were going verte rane ae heard my ea moving ove my sul which was Band a stance metalic seraping nos | coi expl, Was naling? The eling ot peace was spied by ate csappoinment~ is place wast quiet atall You'd have tobe dea for absolute since Then stopped being sess wth my ody an bagan to jy. cide’ fel ata and came out ny because ry tne was would api have stayed longer in here. Everyone wis impressed that eaten he reco ut having spent so on searching or ule, Was confortable with he feeling of absolute stiles. Aterwards ft onder rested and ea, The exgerence was nore ner as disturbing 25 | had ben le to boteve. iy desi fr sence changed my if. ound tht making space for !momens of qustin my dy ite oy to hapriness thoy gio you a chao to tin about what you watin fe Hew can you realy focus on what’ important youre dsractedby constant backaround reise? ¥ you can acasonaly become master your on sound ‘environment — from turning off the TV to moving to the country, ‘as | did — you become infinitely more accepting of the noises of vray ite sswer the questions about the sentences in 3a Which senten in these sentences independent of Which sontonce(s) describe somet 2 contain two comparative forms? Are the two qualities leperident on each at ing increasing progressively, Look at sentences 3 and 6, Which words in the box bel ineach gap? nothing like slightly @ good deal decidedly not nearly significantly Now go to Grammar Focus 24 on p.1.40 W Think of a place or an event that you had a Strong physical mental reaction to. Tell your partner. Was this place eifferent from your expectations? Why How did you feel? Did your feelings change the longer you \Wiould you lke to go back to this place? Why / Why not? The first time | had ‘ sauna, It was considerably hotter than Id expected it to be mmm °'"UNIT 2 LISTENING a 2W Discuss the questions 1 Havel ever ses peak ta arieisonn Wi How you communicate? 2 What different reasons can you think of for stopping speaking? b Gia Listen to the first part of Lena's story. Why did she decide to stop talking? © @\HEA Listen to part one again. Summarise what Lena says about these things 1 the dinner party 3. a spintual vow of silence 2 her reasation 4a public vow of silence d Cle What rules do you think Lena should make for herself for her vow of silence? What situations might be difficult? @ GEM Listen to part two, Does Lena mention any of your ideas from 4d? £ GaMEM Listen to part two again. What does Lene say about these people? + hese» the person in the café. « her fend * the woman in the supermarket « her landiors How did she feel at the end of her experiment? g QB Discuss the questions. 1 What do you think of the experiment Lena did? Would you try an experiment lke this? Why / Why nol? 2 Are you surprised by the reactions of the woman in the supermarket and her landlord? Why / Why not? VOCABULARY Multi-word verbs: Social interaction @ @EA Complete the sentences below with the correct particles in the box, Listen and check. down with to across out (x2) in off back about 1 Talking is a way of fitting. yknow, a way of showing that we belong to a social group. 2 How would | come —___ to other people?” people go into some kind of retreat to cut themselves from the outside world 4... when someone held a door open for me and a ite “thank you'stipped —_. 5. The most interesting thing was the way other people related __me. 6 She bombarded me __ questions. 7. He always goes on sotnething when | go and see him He usually likes to um__ some politician or other | often ft thet my silence brought the best in people 10 | often wanted to, but | had to hold myself —_ 1b Write the multi-word verbs you completed in the sentences in 5a in the correct column of the table. social interaction in general | spoken interaction icin slip out ¢ ED Pronunciation Listen to the phrase below. What sound joins onto the beginning of across? Why? How would I come pero to other people? 4d GiHEN Listen to these phrases from a again, Where is there consonant-vowel linking? What ‘sounds are used? 1... cut themselves of fram anda litle thank you’ sped out 3... goes on about something 4. gny silence brought out the best Practise saying the phrases with consonant-vowel linking, @ C® Think of people you can describe using some of the mult-word verbs in 6a. Tell your partner. Someone you know who + comes across wel new people + relates to other people well «often goes on about a problem they have + brings out the best in you + tends to cut themselves off fom the outside world + sometimes bombards people with questions + likes to run down famous people Ca When you learn new mult-word verbs, thinking of personalised examples can help you remember the new vocabulary, You can record them in your vocabulary notebook TEASPEAKING ‘(2 Read the ideas about communication. What situations do you think the statements are referring to? How true do you think each statement is? 1 Communication ist about what you say — i's about how you say it 2 It not the silence that’s uneasy; i's your own thoughts that fil the sence, Sometimes talking about a problem only makes it worse. Good listeners make good leaders. People who talk a lol often have the least of value to say.2B Mem UR tn ‘Leam to talk about plans, intentions and arrangements eee Reged READIN PEAKING WB Do you like speed and danger? Which of these activities would you enjoy? tying ina two-seater plane 123 mountain Lo going on a roller coaster Di ctving at 130 kot on a motorway acing on a smal boat in a rough sea D skiing Order the activities from 1-6 (1 = least enjoy). Compare your order with other students. B Work in groups of four. Read about one different sport each. Find answers to these questions where possible and report back to the group. 1 Where do ya ie 4 How dang 2 What do you wear? 5 How expensive i it? 3 What do you do exacty? ¢ Bb Have you tried or can you imagire doing any of these sports? Rate each sport by writing the initials, 1, Z-L, Z, Von the scales below. Then compare your answers with other students. exhilarating no fun at al absolutely terrifying scary a al th every penny ‘a waste of money PCL Ta | PO Te aaa Ps ‘Sd lndlosr skydiving LED Consider its wa ‘un before jumping Out of @ plane. At Fy facilities Adrenaline junkies: head forth to Nicaragua. Prepare to zoom down a steep, 1,600-foat voleanic slo r voleanic slope, on a plywood board ‘einforced with metal and Formica. One of the latest additions tothe extreme-sport sceng, its only done on Cerro Negro, a charcoal-black active volcano that’s erupted 23 times in the bast 00 yeas. (Th threat of another eruption always ons though there hasn't been once sin i 2 ce 1988) Tourists pay for the experience. 1 Tourists pay $28 pation yuo ight aut a heimat nd go sorng nec vec wid tumo. These are etn meter and aneate wind speeds of upto 1e0mies perhourHgneeeac th exparence ef eel siya without the perschie between ages and 163, Jou can dot Cost pica ranges rm S800 fall skydiving ‘Globe-riding, Orbing. Zorbing. This you're Gree apr cma ths Sta yical feet Basi ling dowel toh tame elors ikea anthanster emesis he Oxo va rant Zola, 2 sports valle neers ne, now eal, ers re sap wnt er ta ats wal Nn i nought 888 Ivrea segs aout galons the oeragsonger sp and slash Cerne tal ls"unit 2 READING a CB Why do you think people do extreme sports? Choose from these reasons. Read the article and check, 1 toimpress other people tofeet more alive to eel they are in contro} Lo fee! par of an exclusive group (1 totest ther imts Oto feel great afterwards b Read the article again and answer the questions, 1 The article mentions volcano-boarding, What four other actives does it refer to? 2 What does the expression “Type T’ refer to? 3 How is biology relevant to Type Ts’ betiaviour? 4. What personality characteristics do Type Ts typically have? 5 Why da people feel happy after going on a roller coaster? © Language in context Synonyms: want, like, love 1 Cover the text. Which expressions in the box were used instead of the words in italics in the sentences below? Check your answers in the text. crave be drawn tobe inclined long for thrive on 2 Thrilseekers really wart that rush: they ove it bb These are people who want exciting, meaningful challenges. © Dopamine and testosterone appear to affect how much someone wants to play it safe. d_ Margaret J King studies why peopie ke roller coasters. 2 How is each expression in the box different from the ones in italics? Which words have very similar meanings? Use a dictionary to help you. d CB Do you think you have any Type T Characteristics? Who do you know of who is definitely a Type T? @ ©MBEG Pronunciation Listen to the comments and mark the word groups and main stress. 1 keto rake my ov decisions and | never play by the sues. 2 [need a guide in naw cites in case | gett. 1d fet scared when face danger but | know that Il be OK. 4 im paid to innovate at work, so spend half ry time daydreaming! | thnk people should dress nesty and lok respectable, specially in public £ Complete the rule with first or lat. Practise saying the comments in 2e. The. ‘word that carries meaning in each word group usually has the main stress. ¢ CB Which ofthe comments in 2e co you think a Type T person would agree with? 24 ‘Skydiving? Zip-lining? Volcano-boarding? Yes, say thrill-seekers, and there's a reason. Every adrenaiine junkie knows the feeling. Heart pounding, Hands trembing. Blood racing. And then all of a sudden — ‘ying. Plunging through the air, 18,000 feet above the earth, ciinging to a parachute that could by all means fal, Hurting at 60 miles an hour down a 1,600-foot valeanie slope, on a. volcano board popularised by young adventurers. Whooshing down whitewater rapics on a fimsy rat. Or being strapped into a zero-gravity ror coaster and preparing to whirl upside down, ‘again and again. Thil-saekers crave that rush: they thiive on t ‘Ws the excitement,’ says Frank Farley, a professor of educational psychology at Termole University in Philadephia, ‘Itmakes things interesting, keeps you going. When thi ifs Is over, you want to be able ta look back and say, "ved." ‘As Helen Keller once said, “Lie is a daring adventure, or t is nothing.” In the 1980s, Farley coined the term Type T personality to describe thrl-seekers, or thase who crave varity, novelty, intensity, and risk. Thess are people who long for exciting, meaningful challenges. Some enjoy the physical sensations that ‘come from being scared sily; others lke the idea thet they're pushing themselves to the extreme, ‘Atleast to some degree, Type Ts are bom that way, Farley says. ‘Though researchers don't yet have all the answers, it clear that biology plays a ale, Neurachemcas like dopamine and testosterone appeer to affect how incined someone is to play it sale or live on the wid side, as does the amaunt of white mater in the brain. i ‘Other factors ere psychological and roctad in personaly. Thil- seekers tend to be creative folks who lke to make up their own minds, ‘They're energetic and self-confident,’ Farley says. ‘And ‘they feelin control oftheir fate. When they cimlo Mt Everest, they figure they're going to come back, I someone tells them: otto do it, that sounds Ike a rule, so away they go.” Margaret J King, clrecter of Cultural Studies and Analysis, Prladeiphie-based trinktank studies humen behavour anc more specifcaly, why people ae crawn to roller coasters, “Those days, riders ae in for dangling seats that throw tham Upside dovin end backwards in gravity-detVing loops and | twists, You wouldn't think we would put ourselves in such a terriving postion,’ King says, ‘But terror gives us a chance {o test ourselves, our own tolerance. We Ike the idea that we ‘can get through it’ Boarding a roler coaster makes us fol | tke ‘we're in imminent danger of dying, she explains, “ll the signals in our body telus we're headed in a bad olrecton. We can't get of, We can't stop the thing. And then when we do, theres a tremendous rush of adrenaline, of ecstasy and lation, That's why you s8e people bouncing off ides with thei ends."VOCABULARY Verbs of movement @ Look at these sentences and answer questions 1 and 2. ‘a You'l go Soaring inside a vertical wind tunnel You'l go whizzing over ski slopes. This isthe sport of rlling downhill at high speed. Prepare to zoam dawn a steep, 1,600-foot valeanie slope. Plunging through the air, 18,000 feet above the earth Hurling down a 1,600-fot volcanic slope Whaoshing cown whitewater rapids on a flimsy raft Preparing to whit! upside down, again and again 1 Can each vert in bold above deseribe movement... ?, through water» through the alr W/ Anext to a-h, Use a dictionary to help you: the sound that the aetion makes? b B Now go to Vocabulary Focus 2B on p.159 LISTENING a @MEM You are going to hear an interview with Ada who is going base jumping. Look atthe picture. What do base jumpers do? 2 What do you think Ada might say about Note down afew i « before the jump «+ after the jump Iwas afraid : Listen and check your ideas, GME Answer the questions. Listen and check. 1 What do these numbers in the intrviow refer to? 2 1Ominutes > 300 jum © 900 metres d 25seconds © 20seconds 30,000 2 What does Ada say about the risks of base jumping? ¢ C2 Would you consider going base jumping? UNIT 2 EAGRAMMAR Intentions and arrangements a @EQ Both future forms in each pair below are possible. Which sentence did the speakers use, and why? Listen and check, 1 a SoAda, you're about to go base jumpin b So Ada, you're going to go base jumping 'm due to jump in about ten minutes, bm planning to jump in about ten minutes 3a jump from 900 1b be jumping from S00 metres 4a 'm definitely going to do it again. b Im definitely doing it azain. b @imEM Complete the sentences below with the words Ada used. Listen and check intention planning aiming thinking 1 mal of trying 2 tandem jump sometime. 2 There isa platform which sticks out over the cif and 'm____ to jump off that or 3 'm to free fal fr exactly 25 seconds 4 You come here with the ‘of having 2 great experience and ... and that's what you do, ¢ B Now go to Grammar Focus 2B on p.141 Prepare to talk about your plans for next year. Are you planning to do / thinking of doing ... ? ‘= anything you've never done before anything exciting or risky db. Think how you could use expressions from 5a @ OB Tell the other students about your plans. Is anybody planning to do something you'd like to do? SPEAKING and WRITING a C2 Look at the photo. Where do you think itis? Why might someone want to live there? b DB Communication 2B Now go to p.135een CLM ela’ EELISTENING a 2 Discuss the questions. 1 In your éountry, at what age do people usually. ? leave home + rent or buy thei rst roperty 2 What ae the pros and cons of living with. 2 * clatives * people you don't know ‘= fiends your own age 3 What factors are important in making the decision to leave home? b © Look at pictures a-c. What do you think the connection between them is? ¢ @©MEA Watch or listen to Part 1 and check your answers in 1b, d @MA Watch or listen to Part 1 again, Answer the questions. 1 What is Emma's problem? Why exactly is Max annoying her? 2. What has she done abut it so far? 3 What is Alexs advice to Emma? 4. How do Emma and Alex feel about Max ‘and his book? © @REB Language in context Being tactful or frank 1 Match the halves of the expressions from Part 1. Listen and check 1 LPs ike walking 2 EI keep cropping 3] Why donttyou just tet 4] Dont beat around 5 [There's lotto be sald for being the bush him straight, hen? € hints, but he doesnt seer to notice. 4 upfront about things. © on eggshells half the time 2. Look at the expressions in 1. Which describe being tactful? Which describe being frank? ¥ AW Discuss the questions. 1. Da you think Emma is rt to drop hints to her brother, or should she stop beating around the bush and tell him straight? Have you ever had the experience of ests who outstayed their welcome? What happened? 26 er eee aT ema) fs ee Cece sm tcry Ce (oem) PRONUNCIATION Emphatic stress @ @MHE Listen to the sentences below. Underline the main stress in the word groups in bald. Which word in a word group normally has the main stress? Check the rule on p.24. 1. Maxis due back soon. 2 He's getting on my nerves. 3 Isnt itabout time you asked him to leave? 4 Did you say his name is Max? {EEA Sometimes main stress does not follow the rule on p.24, Listen and underling the main stress in the word groups in bold, 1 He's not stil sleeping on the sofa, is he? 2 He is the guy who wrote Solar Wind, 3 You mean itis him? 4 Your brother isthe Max Redwood! © Look at 2b again and answer these questions. Why don't the phrases in 2 follow the rule on p.24? 2. What does Alex mean when he says ‘the Max Redwood d_ Emphasising different words in a word group changes the meaning. Match sentences 1-5 with their meanings a-e. Practise saying the sentences with the correct main stress, 1 DD Alex has read Max's book, 4 Alex has read Max's book. 2 Ei] Alexras read Max's book 5 [] Alex nas read Max's book 3. [i] Alex has tea Maxs book The speaker is teling us: ‘what Alex has done with Max's book bb whose book Alex has reac who has read Max's book d. that Alex has read Max's book, nat his letter, emal or blog that we are wrong to believe Alex hasr't read Max's book. @ (2® Look at this sentence with the main stress in three different places. Work in pairs. Create a short conversation for each sentence. Then practise your conversation. Il give youa ringlater. Ill give you a ring later. 1 give you a cng laterEALISTENING @ ©2® Look at picture d. Who do you think says these sentences, Emma or Max? Iean't think about any of that right now. There's nothing else to say about Solar Wind! Don't get so wound up about it It’s only an interview. 1 ust go far far away, take a vow of silence, live ona desert island somewhere | b Gila Watch or listen to Part 2 and check your answers in 3a. ¢ GED Watch or listen to Part 2 again. Answer the questions. d C2 Discuss the questions. 1 Why does Emma think it wouldnt be a problem for Maxto move outnow? 1. How would you fel about doing alive radio 2 What advantages does Emma mention for Maxi he buys his own place? interview? 3 How does Emma suggest Max prepare forthe radio interviow? 2 What are the worst things that could happen? 4 Hows does Max feel about Emma listening to his interven? 5 Why does Max suggest hel eke a vow of sence? USEFUL LANGUAGE Giving advice @ Answer the questions, 1 Is the farmer's advice in picture e appropriate for the situation? Why / Why not? 2 What would you expect the farmer to say if tain ‘was coming? 3. in what other situations might you use the advice in picture e? © ® Look at the pairs of sentences from | b ©mm Match 1-7 with a-g to make sentences from Parts 1 and 2 ‘wo conversations. Which conversation | Listen and check. is more formal? What do you think the 1 Ltt aout a wel context for each is? 2 There's atotto be saia > tie you asked him to leave? Conversation 1 | 3 Co fave you thought about © favea tink aout what you could a ttt eaboukioe yourere upkont the possibility sx anes about i? 4D temight be in @ of fncing your cwn pace to lve? b Dont beat around the bush! 5 C2] You migh want to for being upfront about hires. Conversation 2 6 Font ect so {wound up about it 2. tmight bein your interests to contact 7 teat ae your interests to invest some citin asd, rope bb Have you thought about the pessiity of changing the terms? © Which two expressions in bold in 4b sound rnoce polite and formal? aie f Ch Work in pairs. Use your ideas in Complete the advice with the expressions in 4b. 44e to have two conversations. 1 You to read up about the company before your interview, 2 Have you working overseas? 3 There's having your own car. 4 You well sell it and get a better one, 5 it might be in keep on good terms with the director. EA SPEAKING B Communication 2C Work in pairs. Student A: Go to p.127. Student B: Go to p.137SSCS Om tered PSECU ORCUTT Ua UE You have to choose a sports activity for a student social programme. Which of the activities in the photos would you choose? Think about: appeal ofthe activity cost skills requi student safely IED Listen to four students talking about the sports activities on a social programme at university in Australia. Make notes on their feedback. Positives Negatives bungee jumping ‘whitewater rafting other feedback ‘Think about the students’ feedback in 1b. 108e any two sports activities for next year. lain your choices. 28 Read the report by a member of the social programme committee and compare the content with your notes in 1b. 1 Which aspécts ofthe students’ feedbac 2 What negative feedback isnt included? ‘Are the recommendations similar to your ideas in 1¢? SOCIAL PROGRAMME The purpose ofthis reports to review aptions for sports activities that would be suitable as part ofa social programme for foreign exchange students. Last year we had tw cudents: whitewater Fafing and abi jump, both of which rece based on feedhack on the 2 F last year activities, some felt they were too challenging, Many young tourists who come to Australia are keen to do these actvitics. HGHBRE. not all our students necessarily fee not confident swimmers. possible for students whe SEEGER. the bungce jump did not require any particular skill or expertise. NEVBRIRBIERE, che idea of jumping from a bridge was seen by several as being riskyEX WRITING SKILLS Reports; Linking: contrast and concession @ Add these headings to the correct paragraphs of the report. ‘+ Safety concerns Introduction ‘= Recommendations + Level of challenge ‘= Cost and budget b What phrases are used in the report to give ... ? 1 the reason for writing the report 2 recommendations ‘Are these phrases formal or informal? © Which word in italics in each phrase below is not possible? 1 The purpose / aim / agenda / objective of this report is 2 I would establish {recommend suggest {propose that 3 My recommendation(s)/ conclusion(s)/ suggestion(s)/ resolution(s)isiare 4 Look at the fHNRHE\inkers in the report and decide which word(s) in bold in these sentences they could replace. 1 Unlike whitewater rtting, bungee jumping relatively sae. 2 Go-kating is cheaper than shytving, Despite this, skydiving is til more popular with students. 3 You could go pony trekking, Altematively, you could go bungee jumping 4 Inspite ofthe cost, many people go skydiving result 5 Although very expensive, many people go skydiving regulary Safety issues were raised with both activites, One whitewater raft ‘overturned and a student suffered concussion when he hit his, Inead on a rock. Likewise, another student sprained her ankle in, the bungee jump. 4 pl atone Gane expense RR he pres budget, we were obliged co ask stugents to make a contribution, ‘which many were not happy about. The cost of providing transport to the venues forthe activities drove the costs up further. 5 For the students who are due to arrive tis yer, we would recommend that we choose sghty cheaper options and that vweolfer one exteme sports actiity as well as something that 's BERGRBRHEGR. consceraby ss challenging whitewter rating, ree-top adventuring isa relatively inexpensive fnreme sport with an excellent safety record. Ahemarvely, ess adventurous students could try paintballing, which is a low-cost and fu option that doesnot require any skal, Use of the lca ‘aisbaling venue would ext rarsport costs, and we would suggest ‘using the savings as a way of subsidising these activities for students. ———— unit 2% @ Match 1-6 with a-f. Underline the linkers of contrast and concession in the complete sentences. Include any prepasitions that form part of the linker. 1 For al that extreme sports are generally seen as fun and excking 2 (1 despite the fact that many students sai they ‘were keen to try a bungee iumo 3 [1 Some students had no objection to paying a small amount towards the cost ofthe activity. 4 [1] When compared to contac: sports like rugby and ice hockey, 5 [] Regarcless of savings we make on transport 6 C1 White many students indicated that they have to live on a tight budget, 2 On the contrary, they had assumed they would have to make some kind of contribution. bb there has been same negative feedback on last year’s activites. Several said thatthe activites were affordable d_ we cannot afford to subsidise very expensive activities, extreme sports begin to look very sae. many failed to book when this activity was advertised. £ B-Now go to Writing Focus 20 on p.170 EAwritine a (2B You are on a comimittee that has to organise a three-day tourist itinerary for a ‘group of foreign students. Imagine problems previous groups might have had. Think about: «range of sits visited «transport «refreshments ‘+ time to visit sites ‘= availabilty of guides costs, ‘b Plan a report that discusses these problems and suggests solutions, @ Writing Tip ‘You probably discussed @ lot of ideas in 4a, However, it may not be passibieto mention them alin detail in the report Ina report ofthis nature, you should address thre or four key issues, 50 you may have to prioritise some points | over others. ts preferable to mention problems that you can suggest a solution to. © Write a report of between 250 and 300 words on the tourist itinerary, Read another student's report. Do you both mention the same problems and solutions?UNIT 2 iT i @ GEA Replace the words in italics in each sentence Review and extension Mamie ne tenia iehin eto lien and check. GRAMMAR plunge whizz soar rift whirl craw! 1 a Aftera clover marketing a Complete the sentences with one word. tampelgn, le companys Ie 1 The sotind quality wasnt as high __a>__ | expected. profits are going up. 2 30 films are a great more expensive to make, b Temperatures went down 3 This is by ___ the tastiest meal I've had in months! -suddeniy to a record low 4 The higher you go, further you can see. of -35° lastnight 5 | was getting more and worried by the sounds, 2 a Isatlooking out of the 6 Real coffee tastes nothing the stuff from a jar. window, ting my thoughts 7 They didn’t make anywhere as much messas ‘go where they wanted. | thought they would, bb My mind was ful of thoughis 8 The fist place was realy noisy and the second was just ‘going round in iy heact bad, ‘and | simply couldn't decide k ‘what to do next. b Choose the best option. 3. I'm enjoying my job so 1 My brothers are going to/ are thinking of attempt to much that time seems to limb K2, be just going really quickly \ 2 The race wil! bagin | beginsin five minutes, so get ready, past 3 How ate you getting / going to get there on time? © BT hate long-haul fights 4 What will you be / are you wearing when | see you? E Time always seems to go 5 The police are to/ thinking to speak to those involved, very sloniy past. 6 The plane is due to’ about to arrive at 7.00 tornarrow morning b Match the expressions in bold with their definitions. 1 Don't be so scared of going back to university. fm sure EAVOCABULARY itl be great. Come on, take the plunge 2 Climbing down the rock surface, | felt a rush of adrenaline! @ Match sentence halves 1-5 with endings a-e. uN nas i Ss gry vad wee 1 Unfortunately, she can come hanes. 2 [1 Iwish you wouldn't eo 4 Hrmon a roll with my academic work, otherwise I'd be 3] Living ina smal viloge | fet cut realy Tadic atau wig eater, 4 F1 Don't worry about fiting 5 | know you don't tke technology, but I'm sure you'l ove 5 DO) Acrisis brings ‘this phone if you give it a whirl, 4 on about the neighbours all the time eta sudden stron feting out the best and worst in people (Vescosbeamcinins es in, your new colleagues are very trendy 1 Elo something you are afrad of 4 across as a bit arrogant Ey ty something forthe frst ime off and isoated. | Ei] having serias of successes b Answer the questions with one word, © Choose two words or expressions from 3a or 3b 1. Would you strolfn a park oa tran station? park and write two sentences but leave a gap for the 2 What could furtie past you — a feather or a cat? word/expression. Read out your sentence. Can other 3 something whi, does i travel ina straight ine? students guess what goes in the gap? 4 What could whoosh past you -a ruck ora tortoise? 5 Who might stagger — someone ill or someone angry? 6 What might craw! a small child ora plane? ITT U 7 What could rol better ~ stones or boxes? 8 What surface can you siide on — ice or sand? How well did you do in this unit? Write 3, 2, or 1 for each objective. 3=verywell 2=well 1 CAN describe extreme sensory experiences ‘talk about plans, intentions and arrangements ‘give advice waite a report jt so well o000 "30NCAT Ta EVM a PM CTA em eye a TCH) ad such Have you ever done any of the activities in 1a? Where? When? Why? Would you be prepared to use your @ Which of these volunteer jobs looks most holiday time to help? Why / Why not? interesting to you? Why? working ata chiki caching sport to s ren’s home in Belize children in Ghar 3 rescuing and caring for endangered bears in C: 4 conserving coral reefs in the Caribbean as ai Cees \ DEBBIE Looking ater children, Ghana There rea fe ilagelife truths that everyone forgets to you will get bitten bya million a fairfew things, However, despite all this, you will forget all these worries in a heartbeat. No sooner had | woken up each morning than | would see a smiling face and hear a child’ giggle that would ‘melt my heart. Whether you are going to Ghana to build a school orto build a childs future your people become your world, Never have had such 8 rewarding and truly enlightening experience. Without a doubs, it will be the same for you. The day starts with breakfast at 7 am. worked Inthe kindergarten so it was up to class for 8:30 anything from extra classes, arts and crafts, sports coaching or even digging on the building site Evenings were for chilling around the fire or havin yam parties with the neighbours or playing silly {games with the other volunteers. Normally we we all so tired from the long day that we were all fast asleep by 9pm. It difficult to adjust tothe intense heat and. itreally does sap a lot of your energy. It's also difficult when you want to do as much as possible toholp but find yourself restricted by your own physical shortcomings. The most rewarding part for me was the relationships that I built; there is no better feeling In the world than having a child run to you in the ‘morning with pure happiness on their faces at seeing you. mention. You will sweat profusely different insects, you will miss home comforts and no doubt fe! frustrated by heart will break when it’ time to leave because the where | worked till lunchtime. Afternoons could be Read the two reviews of volunteer experiences. Answer the questions. nbodia 1 What are the similarities and differences in the two 2 What specific negatives does each review mention? Here are two inspiring stories from Sree ere Raa projects organised by PoD (Personal Overseas Development), an ethical, non-profit volunteer organisation. LINDA AND MALCOLM Working at a children’s home, Belize >My husband and I spent two weeks at the children's home in Belize and we both thoroughly enjoyed every minute oft. The ‘experience of ving with these warm, friendly people was something we will always remember ‘and we would certainly ike to return ina couple ‘of years. We were not really prepared forthe intensity of the heat even though we had holidayed in the Caribbean previously. The children were d joy and such characters, and we created some very special bonds. There was alot of maintenance work to ddo and Malcolm, who was able to carry out more manual work, ‘was at an advantage. We also did a lot of gardening and helping in the kitchen (my favourite). Time off was when you wanted itand with Belize being such a beautiful place with plenty of history and places to explore, you realy need to make the most of it and see all you can, Volunteering was something | have always wanted to do. We made some lovely friends and worked out of our comfort zone quite ‘often, which for me made the experience even more special. At no time did we regret the decision to go there. We loved being with the children, giving them litle treats and helping make their environment better. We made them a special ‘meal of burgers and chips, and the enjoyment on their faces made it so worthwhile. Litle do children back home realise how the food they take for granted is a genuine treat for children here, 9¢ Which review would you find more helpful if you were a prospective volunteer? Why? € Language in context Unusual experiences 1 Match 1-8 with a-h to make an expression Used in the reviews. Check new expressions in a dictionary 1 E)misshome 9 yourenergy 2 EXmetyour ——b special bonds 3 Co havearevarding © comforts 4 Elopabte — dd ileskits 5 Lleestesomevery e heat 6 Fi) make the {and enightening experience 7 Cte tr & goried 8D) acquire 1 most oft 2 Complete these expressions with the correct preposition. Check your answers in the reviews, 1 ___ahreartbeat a= cof your comfort zone 3 afeeling self-worth and satisfaction GRAMMAR Inversion @ Notice the phrases in bold in the sentences below. Why did the writers use these phrases? Ditoremphasis [1] to soften 1 No sooner had | woken up each morning than | would see a smiling face and hear a child's giggle that would melt my heart Never have I had such a rewarding and truly eflightening experience At no time did we regret the decision to go there, 4 Little do children back home realise how the food they take for granted is a genuine treat for children here One ofthe great things about volunteering is that you are acquiring life skill and experiences you will get nowhere else. A volunteer does nat do the work just to help others, but for themselves too, to geta feeling of self-worth and self-satisfction, to learn and experience the way other people live and how ther cultures work, and tobe part ofthis. unit 3° 1b Look at the phrases in bold in 2a and complete the rule. For emphasis, the writers use a positive ! negative adverbial and “statement / question word ord: adverbial + auxiliary verb + subject + verb © Rewrite the sentences in 2a without an inverted word order. dB Now go to Grammar Focus 3A on p.142 SPEAKING and WRITING a @IHEA Listen to the examples. Who or what do you ‘think each person is talking about? 1 Not only are they the nicest people inthe world, they'e the bast cooks, too 2 Only when we got tothe beach ais tll tecome worthwhile 3. Not unt the end ofthe holiday di we realise how attached we had become to them, 4 Never before have | seen such enthusiasm and exctement. 5. ‘Notin a milion years would | have imagined butding something fram seratch b GIES Pronunciation Listen to the examples in 3a again. Does the tone of the phrases in bold ... ? + rise then fall fall then rise Sor ¢ Cb Tell a partner about the highlights of a travel experience. Use inversion after some of the adverbials in the box. Make sure you use the correct tone. at no time rarely ..._no sooner not in a million years ... only after only when .... not until + frst impressions of the journey/slace ‘= new experiences you had and your reaction ‘= a moment when you realised something ‘= something unique about the experience wes staying with @ host family. No sooner had larrived than everybody rushed to meet me. went to India in January. Not in a million years did | think vegetarian food ‘could taste so good, d Write a paragraph for a blog about your experience Use two sentences with inversion, only by chance ..._ litle seldom... never before hardly Little di | know how ever this holiday was going to be. Never be 4 | experienced such heavy rain,"unit 3 LISTENING 2 lb Imagine you and your friends wanted to start @ volunteer project to build a schoo! in @ developing country. What problems could there be? b @MER Listen to Daniela Papi talking about her experience in Cambodia. Does she mention any of your ideas in 4a? ¢ ED Listen again. Summarise what Daniela says about these topics. 1 her intial plans for volunteer workin Cambodia 2 problems with this plan 3. hersix years in Cambodia 4 er beliefs afer ten years’ volunteer werk 5 thepr jems with good intentions and praise d QB What specific criticisms do you think Daniela will go ‘on to make in her speech? What questions would you like to ask her about this kind of work? EX VOCABULARY Wealth and poverty Do the words and phrases in bold below relate to wealth or poverty? Make two lists. Which word/phrase applies to people with any level of income? Many farmers are fcing real economic hardship after the drought killed all heir crops. 2 There's na money to hop impoverished communities build ‘asic facts like schools and medical centres 3-In affluent suburbs like this one, house prices are extremely hin. 4 There’ direct relationship between a good education system and the economic prosperity ofa county. 5 Even though I got @ pay ise last year, | stil ind it ificut make ends meet 6 My grandparents used tobe relatively well af, but they fost al their money in bad investments 7 He lives with his parents 2nd pays no bills, sa he has a lt of ‘disposable income {8 Inthe most deprived areas ofthe cy, unemployment stands at around 50% and social problems ae nie 9. We can't go on using our credit cards all the tne, We have to Joarn to five within our means. 10 They lost everyting they had inthe flood and were fet he words and b Answer these questions abo! phrases in bold in 5a. 1. Which noun has the opposite meaning of hardshi 2 Compare the adjectives impoverished, deprived and destitute. Which one is more severe than the other two? 3. Compare affuent and well-of, Which one are we more likely to use when we speak? 4 Compare make ends meet and five within ich expression suggests more of a struggle? 5 Which of these noun phrases has a similar meaning 10 a ving expenses b spending money ¢ @lES Pronunciation Listen to the sentences in 5a and underline the stressed syllables in the words and phrases in bold. d CW Look at the phrases in italics in 5a. Think of an example of each from your own knowledge/ experience. Compare your ideas with a partner. People here faced economic hardship during the recession, SPEAKING Think of someone you know well. Choose a suitable volunteer project for them, or think of another. 1. saving cheetahs from extinction in South Attica 2 conserving the Amazon rainforest in Peru 3. helping build schools in Ghana 4 coaching sport to schoolchildren in Nepal What could you say to the volunteer about ... 7 + practical preparation learn|ocal customs + psychological preparation + positive impact of volunteers + negative impact of volunteers + likely personal development and life skills ¢ C2 Tella partner about the person you chose in 6a and what you would say to them about volunteering.| | was expecting aOR cya fH READING and GRAMMAR Future in the past 2 Look at the journey on the map. What do you think it would be like? Think about what you'd expect ta see people you might meet « skills needed Read what Will Millard says about his journey. Answer the questions. 1 Why does Will describe the forest as a one-off environment? 2 Why dia Will take the journey? Haw did he travel? Why do you think he chose to travel that way? 3 What would yau look forward to on a journey lke this? What wouldnt you look fora Look at the underlined event in the article, Complete each sentence below with a phrase from the box. There is one phrase you do not need to use. inthe future in progress in the past nen When Il arrived in Siera Leone, this event w il wrote the article, this event was Underline six more examples of the future in the past in the article. What four verb forms does Will use? © Think of other things that Will might have considered before his trip. Write sentences using the future in the past It knew that it was going to be cif ‘ping to see some elephants. £ Cr What do you think will make Will's journey difficult and dangerous? Aivocas a How are the fIHIBHIGE words in the article different in meaning? Use a dictionary to help you, LARY Landscape features b Complete the collocations below with the words and phrases in the box. Check your answers in the article. _attopical a emote theheart ofthe dense_an untouched rainforest 3 og 5 area capital vegetation forest jungle undergrowth village rainforest. 4 ____ wilderness storm forest isiand plate of food ¢ BD Now go to Vocabulary Focus 3B on p.160 eee Se eed pee acre) Tolo, SIERRA LEONE Survival on the Mano river My dream journey became a reality when I received a grant from the Royal Geographical Society to explore the Moro and Mano rivers. The grant was intended to cover expenses, radio training and kit to record my expedition for BBC Radio 4. | was planning ip sat athe tp of he ola Skene mili it descent of the river border of Sierra Leone and Libera right through a chunk of Africa's most threatened [ORG environment - one of the last untouched RSBSSES ofthe Upper Guinean forest bet. More than a quarter of Arica's total mammal species are found in the belt, with bizare creatures such as the pygmy nippopotamus found nowhere else on Earth. The need to orotect wat still remains ofthis one-off environment could not be more citical In Sierra Leone the Gola forest is already designated a national park, but | wanted to find out what life in the heart of 2 tropical RE was realy like, so | was going 10 paddle down these rivers. hopefully as far as the sea. knew that, although I would be in radio contact, | would be on my awn in one of the most remate forests in We Arica, and | would be separated from the outside world by dense tropical JegeIaHO. | was expecting it to be tough but in fact it was to become one of the most difficult and dangerous journeys | have ever made,"unit 3 LISTENING a @A You are going to hear Will Millard describing his journey. Listen to five sounds from the recording. What do you think each sound is? b © Now listen to the whale recording and check your ideas in 3a. ¢ MED Look at pictures 1-5 below of the things from Will's trip down the river. Listen again and ‘summarise what he says about each one. ‘Learning Tip When listening, there may be words which you don't know, You can either ignore them or guess roughly what they mean from the context Just atthe end of the day there was quite a large eataract ‘and I digin't realy fancy taking itn til tomorrow. He's rafting ona jungle river so we can guess that a cataracts some feature ofthis erviranment which is dificult to get past. d_ Read the sentences below from the listening, Underline examples of informal conversational style which Will Millard uses. 1 Thanks, mate 2. Managed to just get my camp sorted 3. Ididn't really fancy taking ton till tamara. 4 | guess il find aut 5 If lose the raft 'm finished. How could you express the sentences ina more neutral style? @ @HEa Pronunciation Listen again to part of what Will says. Notice how he pronounces the words in bold. Practise saying the phrases a-c. 2... hit this big rock bb Just managed to get control of it again its got my shetter on it -B What would/wouldn't you have enjoyed from this part of Will's trip? EA READING a You are going to read about how Will got malaria while he was still in the rainforest. Before you read, discuss these questions, 1 Why would this be particularly dangerous? 2. What do you think his symptoms were? 3. What would he need to do in order to survive? bb Read the text. Check your answers in 4a. © Read the text again and answer the questions. 1 Why rating down rivers a good way to see willie? 2 How did he know there were chimpanzees nearby? How close did he get to seeing them? ‘3. What was he planning to do when he got to the coast? 4. What made him take his symptoms seriously? He says he survived thanks fo a mix of luck, except ‘support and money. What events and facts do you think Willis referring to in this sentence? 6 What does the last sentence tell us about Africa? I love rafting in rainforests .. “This near silent method of travel gives you an unencumbered and discret approach, perfect for ado, but rivers are also among the best possible places to spot wide retuming from te foest depths to feed, ‘rink and socialise. This section ofthe Upper Guinean was one ofthe finest frets | ha ever experience. twas 2 storybook jungle with ite Fora couple of diye Lhad been fearing primates everywhere in the banksides, up the trees, behind distant nds, but never quite close enough to see. At dawn I'd hearthe piercing screaming cal ofa chimp, but it was impossibly faraway, the last hour of light would often bring a flash of fur. a sufl inthe bushes, a waming shrek but nothing more. Alter ten days onthe river believed | was through the worst and started to think about the finish line - where the rverenters the Atlantic ~ and all the fied and liquid-based treats that would be waiting forme atthe nearest vile Then | started to get sick. | tried to fHIIR it SIE with ibuprofen and ‘id, putting it down tothe exertion of paddling daily inthe 40°C heat. But as my headache developed into a fever I began to fg. not Jeast because arong the last words of warning given to me before heading soo into the bush was the tale of European woman who had compbined of flu-like symptoms, not gone directly to hospital, and. died ofan undiagnosed haerontagic fever 48 hours ates. I desperetely needed to make contact with someone onthe Siera Leone bank and find my way tothe road the hospital and proper treatment. In the morning | started to paddle out. My headache had worsened to the point that | could barely keep my eyes open in daylight and the pain in my joints was bordering on the spectacular. My bones fl iked © Discuss the questions. 1 How well da you think Will coped with the experience? Would you have coped as well as he did? 2 Da think what he did was worthwhile? Why / Why not? @ Language in context Descriptive verbs Match the BIGEIBEHER words and phrases in the text with the meanings below. C1 nb against a hard surface (in order to make 2 powder) C1 contain large numbers ef ling creature © C1 pullsomething heavy 4 LJ physical support [1] bend down witn knees bent f 8 A put, ikea skin [Ly treat something worrying 2s tits nt important Dy wor) call someone to be present "they were to dust with every movement. | had GPS marks. rll ofthe vilages along the ver bar one ~ Too, which had been written on my map in fl tip by one of the Gola Rainforest. National Pack researches. It was by far the closest settlement, only _athee hour paddle downstream. The river was much wider and ‘almer. | was dropping out ofthe heavy forest and knew I ust had tohang.on. fo] Al midday a gap in the forest revealed a lone figure ~ a woman, ‘washing her clothes. I was difting by this point, almost incapable of going through the motions ofthe strokes "remember her shouting then multiple hands on me as Iwas ARERR fron nyc. was na tree-stump stool ‘against a mud:-brick house. The chief was SSURNEONRD. | might have been the fist Westerner to aie in the vilage in such 2 ‘condition but this place was no stranger to what todo with people ‘camrying my symptoms. My gear was divided up and | was #160 through the forest to the nearest village with a motorbike, then on ‘to the roadside and eventually to hospital I sunved thanks toa mix of luck. exceptional acl support and money. An estimated half milion Aican people wll not beso fortunate this year. UNIT - EXGRAMMAR Narrative tenses a Cab Read sentences 1-7. What is each verb form in bold? Why is that particular verb form used? D1 past simple D1 past cortinuous 1 past perfect simple] past perfect continuous (pest simple passive] past perect passive 1 wouta+ intitve 1 Fora couple of days, | had been hearing primates, everywhere 2 At dawn I'd hear the piercing screaming call of a chimp 3. My headache had worsened to the point that I could barely keep my eyes open 4... and the pain in my joints was bordering on the spectacula 5. Tolo, which had been written on my map in fet tio 6 My gear was divided up and | was haulad through the forest to the nearest village with a motorbike | survived thanks to.a mix of luck, exceptional local support ‘and money. b BD Now go to Grammar Focus 3B on 9.143, © How would using a different tense change the meaning in these examples? Fora couple of days, | had heard / had seen hearing primates everywhere, 2 Atdawn, | heard /"d hear the piercing achimp. 3. The chief was / was being surnmoned. EAWRITING and SPEAKING Look at the first line of each paragraph in Will's article and answer the questions. 1 How do all the paragraphs (except two) 2 Which paragraphs start differently? What are the purposes of these paragraphs? aming call of b Think about an adventurous trip you have been on, or one you have seen in a film / on Ty, or read about. Here are some ideas. + atime you visited a wild or remote p ‘= a time you fel il far from home ‘© atime you travelled by an unusual form of transport ‘= attime you were alone in an unfamiliar olace © Write an article about the trip. Use narrative tenses and descriptive vocabulary. Describe plans you mede ‘what you expected when you started the trip when the main events happened and what happened how you felt about it at the time and afterwards, and why. had been looking forward to going to Australia for month wath friends Parte d CQ Work in pairs. Practise telling your story. @ (OB Work in groups. Tell your story to the others and answer any questions. x 7aEveryday English SRO a CNS ae LISTENING Have you ever seen or heard a live broadcast that went wrong? What happened? Answer these questions, 1 Whats happening in picture a? hata ou think Oscar will ask Max dluring the interview? IFA Watch or listen to Part 1 and check your answers in 1b2. 3A Watch or listen to Part 1 again and choose one true ending for each sentence. 1 The inhabitants of the remote planet in Max's book are aliens who a look very different from humans. look like humans but have a different culture. © want to expire other planets, 2 Oscar suggests that Max’ ideas might come from 2 his experiences while travelling b another science fiction novelist. © experiences in his chldhoos 3 Oscar suggests that Max's next book 2 will be published in the near futur. will be a sequel to Solar Wind. ¢ will depend on the success of his fist book. B® Discuss the questions. How do you think Oscar and Max fee! about the success ofthe interview? Why? Have you ever been interviewed for any reason? How did you feel... ? before the in afterwards © Consonant groups eS Coho | Consonant groups across two words SEA Listen to the words and phrases in the box. Underline the letters which correspond to the consonant groups given afterwards, Notice that consonant groups can occur within a word or across ‘two words explorers space travel /sts/ aliens look long story /gst/ bestseller Ki Match phrases 1-7 with consonant groups across two words a-g below. Listen and check your answers. Practise saying the phrases, 1 (2) deep space a 2 Ey dense jungle > 3 Ey Max Redwood 4 [) science fiction d (1 six plan 1 tourism statisti 7 [wealth Liste’ to the pronunciation of the phrases in groups 1 and 2. In which group can you hear the letters in bold clearly? 1 Mor/W/ before a 2 Mor iW before a ‘2 Westgate Street eslgate Avenue travelled much travelled a lot © remote planet remote area different culture ent abilies @ Solar Wind 2 Wind 8 {top secret classified top secret information 1 Complete the name of each group in the table in 2c with vowel or consonant. Practise saying the phrases in the table in 2c.LISTENING a CW Look at picture b and answer the questions 1 What do you think Emma thinks of Max’ radio interview? 2 What do you think she will say to Max about it? dishonest? ¢ ©IBTI Complete the sentences with the words you heard. Watch or listen to Part 2 again and check 1 Tm sure itwasn' that 2 ‘never be able to show my again 3 Mput on, Language in context Exaggerating 1 @EM Complete Max's exaggerations with the words in the box. Listen and check, ‘outright complete and utter totally blithering 1 Itwes an disaster! 2 I came across asa___idict 3 A____embarrassment 4 My career’s ruined! 2 © Why do you think Max exaggerated about his Interview? In what situations do you think people choose to exaggerate? Why? {2b Discuss the questions. 1. Do you think is better to be kind or to be honest when people ask your opinion? 2 Have you ever ...? * tald someone a white le to avoid hurting their feetines «+ felt someone has told you a white lie to avoid hurting your unit 3% EA USEFUL LANGUAGE Paraphrasing and summarising @ Read the excerpts from Parts 1 and 2. Match the expressions in bold with their uses delow. 1 What happens next? Or, to put it another way, wher will Solar Wind 2 be published? 2 All things considered, 1 think my fest and last radio interview ... was a complete and utter embarrassment. [Ly poraphrase = expres the same idea in new words L] summarise = express only the main points) ‘b @iEB Complete the extracts from Parts 1 and 2 below with the expressions in the bos. Listen and check, in other words in a nutshell. that isto say to-cuta long story short what | meant by that was 1 And basically visting a remete planet populated by people, —_ liens! 3. was planning a trip across Asia but, w | had to cancel it 4 So____, ital just came from your imaginatio then? s you're not allowed to ive any dates yet? a group of explorers are © Add the expressions from 4a and b to the correct, group below. Paraphrasing ‘Summarising d Complete the sentences with a suitable expression for summarising and paraphrasing and your own idea, 1. We had some ups and down throughout the trip. All 2 People there spend a lot of time visiting aunts, uncles, cousins, that is 3. Thad loads of problems on the trip, but to 4 tim sory, | didn’t express myself very clearly. What 5 The novel is quite long and complicated, but in SPEAKING B Communication 3€ Work in pais. Gc to p.129AY CSS Cm mL UCR TCS CUT 4 SPEAK What is the most rewarding place you've been to as a tourist, and what is the mest disappointing? Why? Read the description of Prague from a tourist website. How much does it appeal to you as a tourist destination? Culture, magic and romance Its no wonder that Prague is on everyone's list of must-see places in Europe and attracts four milion visitors every year. Prague has everything you'd expect of a European city a historic city centre so compact you can walk round it ouple of hours, though you'll want to stay much, longer 2 romantic castle built in the 9” century, with great views across the city splandid examples of Baroque and Renaissance architecture and scores of fountains, squares and parks the magnificent Ct which flows througt les Bridge, spanning the River Vitava the city delicious local food and drink at reasonable prices a diverse nightite, from f2 restaurants to atmospher hionable clubs to sophisticated cates H Listen to Tony and Lola talking about Prague and answer the questions. 1 What do they say about the places in the photos? 2 What similar points do they make? 3 Do you think that Tony and Lola would both go back to Prague? Why / Why not? Tony and Lola use descriptive phrases to talk about the city. Match the words in boxes A and B. Then listen again and check. A 5 wel romantic stre atmosphere skilfully cobbled of tourists view des breathtaking | | roofs with people teeming tiled restored preserved Discuss the questions. Consider the issues from the point of view of both residents and tourists. 1 What are the good and bad ef (on acity ike Prague? think popular tourist cities should try to lim tourists or charge them to see the city? cs that tourism canREADING Read the traveller's review. What further information (beyond the descriptions in the listening) does it include about ... ? + Old Town + Charles Bridge Use your answers in 2a andior the audioscript on. p.179 to help you. Underline the information in the review. = the castle EA WRITING SKILLS Descriptive language; Writing briefly Write the FIGEIERIGR words and phrases in the review in two lists: Positive hospitable Negative pretty basic (@ Writing Tip When writing a description, try to use words which carry ‘a more precise or an extra meaning, Sa instead of There were stais on the bridge: = The bridge was lined with sta. (extra meaning: they were in lines along the sides) ‘+ The bridgo was crowded with stais. extra meaning: there were too many, so there wasn’t enough space) You can also convey your attitude by using words with @ pestive ora negative meaning. So instead of The streets were busy: ‘= The streets were lively. (= there were lots of people —it ‘was good) ' The streets were overcrowded. (= there were lots of people ~ it was bad) | Which BGHIIBHIE words or phrases could replace the words in italics below? “The food was not oo expensive The centre is fof tourists. Walking along the streets was ver oificut “There are good opportunites fo take photos. The restaurant had tracltional food trom the county. It's an attraction you definitely should see. “The castle looks rather ordinary The onners wore very help © In the review, the writer sometimes omits certain words. What words could you add to these examples to make complete sentences? 1 Lots of music and very ively and laid-back. 2 Took hundreds of photos. 3 Then back to the hotel for a quick shower, Look at the third paragraph of the review and find three more examples of words which are omitted. What is the effect of leaving out words in this way? 1 Itsoems more formal 2 ‘-seems less formal and more Ike conversation. B Now go to Writing Focus 3D on p.170 ————=—— unit 3° Prague get-away weekend We stayed atthe Stavka Hotel ~ a smal hotel h a residential ut he owners Were very ur large double room was To our suri, it cost jst $00.00 per night, ilusing a delcious brakist wth resh ft, ‘excolentcofee and freshy bake! os. We spent most of he day wandering around Old Tawn~the ty centre. The architecture is @ stunning and mind-boggling mixture of styles from every period - Gothic, Baroque, Renaissance, ‘xt Nouveau ~al absolutely immaculate, al beauty restored. ‘Only one problem ~ it was quite ike us!) and especially the narrower streets were | to got through. We found afew nce ite squares wher thee worent so many people and we coud st and acme the bulings We wrapped up our dan the ty with a walk across Charles Bridge, flowed by a vst the castle. The bridge f about 800, ‘metres long, pedestrian only, and lined with impressive statues ~ SRRLERESSEREERERS yu vot Preque. Lots of musio and ver ey and lac-back, but «bt SSEAATSE sof soueris. fom the rice overlooking the ver end ot. On the other side of the river you can wander up ty winding lanes to the castle. | loved this part of the city - still has such ‘n untouched remantc atmosphere. You can magine youre back in the Middle Ages. The castle itselt ‘29 though it dates from the 9 cert its ben restored 99 ttdossn't even look pariculary od. But the vews across the City and the river are abso ely breaking, Took hundkeds ‘of photos. “Then beck to the hotel fora quick shower and something to eat Near the hotel here was a estauant with ‘ory RESSSRBBIBABE. A much oeter bot ran the restaurants inthe tourist areas of town. WRITING @ Make a list of tourist attractions in the town and ‘area where you are now. Include: + airactions you think are worth visting ‘= attractions you think are less worthwhile b Imagine you spent a day here as a tourist. Choose ‘two or three attractions in the list and write a review. Include comments on your accommodation and somewhere you ate too. (© Work with a partner. Look at what you both wrote and see how you could improve it by: + using adjectives and phrases with a stranger psiive or negative meaning + making some sentences shorter ty omiting words. Read your review to the class. Which reviews do most people agree with? x