1 Code of the Philippines Book OBLIGATIONS & CONTRACTS ANNOTATED with NATURAL OBLIGATIONS, ESTOPPEL & TRUSTS ULPIANO P. SARMIENTO IIT” JOSEPH FERDINAND M. DECHA\The Civil Code of the Philippines 1 5 cones © Title I OBLIGATIONS Chapter 1 General Provisions ‘Art. 1156, An obligation is a juridical necessity to give, to do or not to do. (n) Concept of Obligations. An obligation is defined in our Civil Code as a juridical necessity to give, todo or not to do." A tie which binds us to pay or do something agreeably to the laws and customs of the country in which the obligation is made. Justice JBL. Reyes, who noted that obligations must be considered not only from the debtor's side, and that there is no debt withoue a ‘credit; the credic isan csset in che patrimony ofthe creditor, just as the debt isa liability of the obligor,» offers the definition given by ‘Arias Ramos as a more complete definition “An obligation is a juridical relation whereby a person. (called the creditér) may demand from another (called the debtor) the observance of a determinative Condust (the giving, doing or not doing), and in case of breach, may ‘demand satisfaction from the assets of the latter.” ‘Accordingly, obligation must be viewed as a (1) egal duty; as ‘opposed to physical compulsion; (2) a duty incumbent upon an individaal, of a specific and limited number of individuals, as ‘opposed to a duty imposed upon the world at large; and (3) the right to enforce such a duty, (jus n personam,) as opposed to such a right as that of property, (usin rem,) which avails against the World at large-*In the words of the foremost civlist Manresa, it is the legal relation established between one party and another hl Code, re 1156 2 fase 3 14 See Black’ Law Diconary, 4° EA, p.1226 2 yer’ oura 31 fan. 3951,p. 7, sealso Reyes and Puno, Quizzer in Ci aw p 403. + Mosley & Whitey.‘The Gill Code ofthe Philippines 2 stare Sana pion INSP amet da ie tej elton ‘etait afr ef rs or oe pr sroeety te of tren, browse Ce CO “unr tion tearreihe = Element ofan Obligation Like ny other uri relation, the! gtr elatonequres* 1 pig ee et pers, namely the set lnort i gear aio ober erred ‘jon noc ded he line of eign ‘nde panera kas he ogra eer Tear ite geno spit wh toga as Sian te ot te pon etcort ‘ptonal power end shen oan eho CE ty sor and rey soc ear Steen holga nh er hand rected ‘teh actranac)inasccraned wey oresesbcion ott corsa eet 2._Object Its the prestation a conduct requ te cbeerved whch may eter ta give to door nt tod. The ligation represents result onthe ery of another psa ‘ot a restraint United in its exten The preston must present money vale although th cer mayor may ot Sinan lose bythe debtor's lure to behave a he shoul pe et 4. unica ends prt de ihc aoe es Pn, Seen fry wi gees Se eae oboe the eg cndt mut Daley ‘Sorter sorte ‘ee ‘The iv Code ofthe Philipines 3 astiaton of Obligations. ligt maybe cased the olowing manner: 1 Accordingtosrengthor eieay naw egatons sy tbe nature perfect of, gel. Natrl obligations ffonot gah a BK of ation renee their prfrman but ‘ter voluntary falinent the og they auton te eteon of what hasbeen dsvered rendered BY ese (hort They are ot based o pote lw bu on ey am etl" Thus. whe th ean as pee sige! sd on the ‘xu ofmtations. a tural aigation sss tough the ‘ie bliption Is caged Here. tere fe 2 jr etween persons ht which is nt genet by lane ‘oti flline may be anderson ssprtancus te {rom fader coercch ores tromeroe Mean. ts cS ‘vuknowedge that heart be empl pay Onte other ind col eblgatioks ave a ight of aoh fo compel thee patfrmance. They ave tse postive i. They may Be ‘ald orvoabie 2s to unl o versity of reatins deed therefom, higaions may euler oat The san higation where aly one cbipation ars invovingan dar Sndone credo whe the liter Is an oblgaon where rch ary Is the ceitor of prestaton nd promises grater Pestation nretrn In unter obgston one party he: Sh express agreement or undertakes 3 performnc,vthast recivng in return any express engagement or pros or Ferforance om thetkor inter wor, tne promi ie ideo he onideration ofthe other beingeneen so Dieter or reciprocal obligations, bothobigation ise a he sie Sour, Bach of thems signed to be the equate oF ‘counterpart ofthe ee and that nthe contemplation of he fries the prformance of ooe blgton i condition {expres or imply upon he pertrnance te ote husj j j “rheCivil Code ofthe Philippines 4 get 2 sider ofeach othe. et elena cane. 8 which the (airin mate eahndaghinse tothe other eine ere to salagacronad "Ae . sand ne which aes Bath is F Sach ade Oe coping mal rome 2a coh pars eighth prombar and promise: 4. Acordng 10 the-numbersotysubies oF be een ei of tine ey peel Cte gins ay i now ane che Pa ene panes compo lese fuente cates aide= ig he S85 maior bon i mn ‘Shc he as amp i tht Sie styrene tlie rh Dy Poet snare hse rg atl tena sci gut sae pions ecang og ay wate SSRs sea amu a PrODIO heer a et aM ee rare ae sets ee ced ibe tenant ol sare gua get dans aT eitin ime sumot rasan va TS SNPs SS asa stamens teers seen Sopranos Seinecintana oceanic ant ia cl soa te ty pt se et ‘pho PRC ee ya ner cou open eng “Eigen th cy pane ito ‘Sica ef sc nse cy Prag sc“The Civil Code ofthe Phlippines cect ons a ‘ ssn gee hye ee wai nt AGM may be ell le ghd vaeninerly mies Rice etunanin arora ‘nt en epi oi, steers “sag a le em eon ld be ee SRGiiae Sk ern lin ere Stoner ncn we cnn non se ale became or Seagate nd el ramen ‘gh ec tr weet a be ‘CoS pmerorgnedar Ow manor Ue Seine Sm ta ‘ety Svea site a tp elo ‘amon es 15) tee ‘SSetnewert tna tenet i SRG imiior csi Spmcctecee “Jeep eee sa bette ae Pras 6 lags eee “ ‘The Civil Code ofthe Philippines 1 ome tt mma soracern ee ees ae seen artlineete Se aan eames ‘pemintedongi shu cena er ciartisteagget eran ae MB nietctsmasnind ere et Saag eae ee mer = te te pa ‘ens en Article 1160, Obligations derived from quascontracs shale subject the provisions of Chapter 1, Tie XV oF thie Book (0) ‘quasconracts a Source of Obligation. Quasars ae Mand purely solamary 2¢s whereby te does tigated toward another and tasty, ‘Bben cent betwen the pres concer 1c not ave on ncn or consent th parties, ut fone ‘Shaan aaa ey in i ‘arid’: Under tie 2142 Ci Code, cera law ‘humay and unintera at pv rst the jr elation 8 “gunna to th ent nae sale nity etree ou Se pie Mee mee Ss) ape Fe esa sie Ly BON‘The Civil Code ofthe Philippines 16 1. The Chapteon Qs ates poirum gesio and mera proves for te Sato ideo sions tye coniered 3 Sotwion inde The other Pow ome qs contracts. egcorun gest festa jude elation which arses vlan aks charge of 38 BER OF vem aertn usns or roperty of ano witout any aaa pony om te ter, More special, Aide Sin ae test wire vee es of Bae eter mangement ofthe bss oF OPE o ee Cu ny power trom theater bled onnue sta ennaton ft af an stent ‘Aedes eso concerned oss he ome ih aaa do mnt ented that he oa eatin eres when th propery or business ot nected oF sedan rites anager hs ben cy authored phe Senor nthe fst cae the poisons of ais 1217, Mea and aot rgardogunautorzed cons shal vera ne send ae the som agony Tae tS ose be opiate Meat dbl fers tj elton which arse whenever perianal vers ating through OF By fst of ster who has no right to demand 1 More ‘pect, Ate 2154, Cl Coe stats that something ‘Rese when teres no ight demand i ant was unduly {ivered trough mista, he gation etry arses, For Instance, nam otgatn sujet 0a ens the debtor port the fale esa conan, ay that haji by tal Sisry na ligation sujet 1 aparece 1% Gl Ce pies at ‘yng pd Sneed fore he rae pr the aad Ser aeree maton omen ay 18 games ain aang stort preci puro ef nts tothe eplver, pat ofthe proceetings fF) (Reese of he ame v2 ton ul ey an eb me on cor flapeueerrngbe se anu sane er oh ‘next raps tre hs nas ome Rs Iroc Rein es st atic Ste sot of FSO, ety as a PBeAh so ace asecivil Cade ofthe Philippines nie 1 et came aed Pe eo nen ea Se te sie amy eset te, Tk ‘et er aay te mes a crap tech, Tae a cena nh Sr aaa i ecco thee a he ai ‘on pee stash wnt sre coe rie ng ate een ee mene og ee eee pan aaa ave Wich ay ay of in titre ae ESTA sete ss Sto A a dt seed Mate “aay ety fae pee a ity cana ee set pre ‘See Sat ees te pe ‘sin ety ney aes ‘Seon hae sr ano, em i of era 8 al i Hecoeaeiae cee Piatti aeecn epee opt aa ‘ice oe ri squeal ecm sce drt we day ind) _—— ‘The Civil Code ofthe Phiippines 29 es copie Tobey hay er any ae te ee eto eb cy et eect h pes mil mgt 8 1 i kad coor esto i ays dai retin emer yl a eee devant cml ce ao ‘eer yeaprput ee tne Same Aet may be Crime and Quasi deli at he Same PeeATe treats ener and agus deat these Time egg tat 4 neghget at may ie ef acon de Ree gd oe evo Fale, Arle 2177 re Chapter on Gus det, Cl Ce proves that the seman or aehenes under ais el ny tee a dati frm the cabs for “ers nde te Pel Code, he latamsleeve eergectate othe some star omits othe defendant ‘hacen yoo? [AR aay to cate cl B+ ma tsi Jest] tm arte aig Apt as Ho, Be pa! tas in bcc of ‘Seon er, ao eat tam sess iy ten oe Werth can oda ab? eae Sat et Tatra 7301) keyg oe QE erentialSonal genoa agin etna sect Code ofthe Philipines at eum r 2 tc aE tewete renee a i ne wea Sens ten rc SRR Se adem _—— ‘Te Ci Gade ofthe Piippines a ot oman atin cia ec = str tense sbaconny sett too td ec lpeann eee ea cba we ‘cer eg cee ci at kr et ‘Becca rncees tt SS egeomiewtarcntaoee‘re civil Code ofthe Philippines n See Sree canine oe opbing te same. _and comiering at ee ce gh at ee Trabty and independence of Mabulity ‘inlet nha bos nee ots Pines rely soeed he ore al earn ef pe aun nes voluntary a oe Smee Saas] Tred arcs and Amaro (GN C006 J 802 gee connec ee a “The Civil Code of the Philippines ro en Mal pr, Prowace of lah there Se dren tar aia ‘aera court the oe lt cas eae ong 10 tenant et rn tcl Th math fb i ht he a “StS Cd hence ati sar gered hee ‘SAAS ere hos tee sl conan atrecont an smaae oP enact cgem, REE ang Bee ted i's cl son and i peppery hae Zum conn etn ESceeeRa ieee cea vids ari 1903 fe CC‘Te hil Code ofthe Philippines ein tn isnt RY ad ae ure eid nd Cl ‘San aroma SSN aint Pe fsa Se Pe ‘Gate eco eo sehen btr on _ reece eng ng sug tr al ea ‘Siero cso ean SEA pesca ere [bee ors Te ott op eo Bote sare cn re oe Sri suing bone nc eect ane pees sweet ees atone ‘ie eto om 2 ne Perrier aad (ease grate ca oe pm pm ae erat ome egal inn cei er seats n fee Sunt recy pcre a er a Pe en Tete ‘na a sss ese bu pa Fama ns) ay oe SS dn lob e e feces pp anben eto ede ann emerge ato inl my nd a wt tr Marta ered mc ‘oem oie pk se p Monde taoy nue Prune wee aed ‘Sey etn rani he peri hey 3 Ee ‘The iv Coe ofthe Pilippnes Eo panne verity ou eigenen se chose So ‘ei escent sei a Reece eae mea = arenas % Mt en lee = Seo ena Scene ecg ome ga tye ncn te Seana ce ime naa cae, ieroetaeranteatnneces Sees mewon sfbecipsopion cable 2 ta ome cigs cle em eee sie Sac ta a os GS rcs scat Re a isan er Ney‘The Civil Cade ofthe Philippines on bong in congrats Cin Ferenc ea epgzacetonerend y the Penal Nea emaapr ier segigmse ac aie 1902 CEA EF aE ean ar e ne nena Eins ce venir lal eee het irae ced mdr nape coc a revsan authors nde end ihe hu! se mii tbe appropriate tnt tei oundatio ia. Raed Ppl Cae in aie 385 panies ot ony gual ewe tl a ee ibe de rn or ona ‘ented yi erage rl impr a arc 109, Bee ele tee ntaton of ip sane woul ave ru stp sn psn nual Death or nry Yo clans ae lag proper tau an eee Ree Poet designee = neldtwretbeingeneied ony uns SE ees el en er ear ee ln ern aoa meron ‘Sieblataetthelnes apna poll hele hati ‘Sean ep at ah ee le he ee ‘icp fh ancient origi dtc grown development ‘Zn ans oS whch concen made nds 108 110th Spi Cade ay ete asd pty narnia cate pot 36 _— rhe Civil Code ofthe Philippines 37 damages There ae numero case fein eae “rata ee Ieee ogee critic gore ‘ieee cadre gate om barn tes Pa Seyi ig a a Smarr nnn oa Senne re ea se pri ane eh me ret ee sh pathos oe and oie espunmy of croplyers and thelr presumed negligence Fe Fe soe soprcen orders aoe} specs. de ba ght tat Wey sould arante the ates Sa merece tomas ot ot SS trace ee Ente adnate tnt perzam who could ot ere Succ me poder (a pe 2 (nie prince ot ropretnetion of the prin y the at ‘hate ye wate ce 7.70) a, ‘now prnale por funn dt epee ade (en emp othaa” become ss one pronaty ty the2) 38 “The Civil Code of the Philippines 39 “the Civil Code ofthe Philippines obliged to pay forthe damage done: atresia mtn : sooner tae mmamennacen macs eer eae ERESS Scotia room Sed Siete nusstonroae —— tster of Laity. nations based on quas deli order Reale his right to'a recovery, the injured person (the a Rrra ete ee oF {ay Damages to the planet Negligence by act or omission of which defendant fomeay. nly ar as erin civ code, 2) uy. or some person for whose acts € must respond, Was ‘She i me se ae = Spain alec em ona? hp fey. The conection of cause and fect between the Siecle re rei Rana feet rn ne at flere a te rman ty. (aE Form rma geste cn SALE Mtn eelathne forgeries fa omega ee atura channel tht va Coe Tri s beleved, enn Di LEE “Tete nvesuigation reported shen ae nepaie ny te BESS ha eae Sahl apenas coco rt Spending yrs ra eromene othe ty Later on DseDela Las wa oped on her spine ae operation lead he impinge the et Article 1162. Obligations derived from quss-dellcts shall ‘Spa eta ims om hs aie a ee aes bbe governed by the provisions of Chapter 2, Title XVII of this Fea eee eon foot nie bt ongreuned Oa ‘Book, and by special laws. (1093a) To ee enter damages tare the RTC. She Prag hase asthe mii het at a 2 regu the Quast detiet as Source of Obligation. Quas-delit refers othe UM edit and cme. PIGKGGUOD Tor er mee! Fratton neggenee of = pers whe. by his act or omission ‘Spee rie ing becom and an age ‘cae res ot TERA con ny ona Sea Saadibemenge is igre va: Ve RR ‘Dee cen ranges plea ore i cabs whch orn rept he conde of hams Con Tema Pager ghee ee Si 9 see toee sau st rl coe eS cere Greed rete. BL, Ce Wraman Ketabioed CC Sposa LouryThe Ci Code of he Philippines “0 str pln an ea he ‘horse pr se he i Se Ra et = den ie ote een Sarteeaerkat tl teem ssa nabreagabe yt a a ndn a he pien the bea tn one ‘yn sodapmo se TSaeaaae, — ngs uy ere tn ‘The Ci Coe of he Philippines a pa ig tS Stns GGapeuatathewcand ene ea OU APRSOM ranma aT ad ie ear terr ‘ue sd cpt te am af Phen Cnc reel ee See oes Tite "piesa dag Aare ts nme ri cg soe erm da eats f ing Trae atone \G cree necro e mecs Woe euegnpaal“The Civil Code of the Philippines ceand een ortat enti) htt Ne cnr hat rt ha Be ears aac ao - clear that oe ere Ta SASS Sard nae ad ten Seu mle rc Sop cee asa “iecaniitan did er oro og ha pate ag Pa er tat be ad tha Ch 4 cerrarentke The rcerance of ponesionor nom possesion of Seer ee oman wines nd wha? ead id ur ayn before the cede erat ac nd pay ny te ole Soest cane er ne to on ER, ci ti appear omen he tne ih ln ion te sn gt ‘igen wath ie of tg ting ary 300 mere awa, Parlman Cayo tested ‘Sarpope wha hadgueredst besten the aed od Mo 2 “the Civil Code ofthe Philippines a septic oy him thru oil information and had nate re cron is take cent Sno ah aang Seine fig cont ey suey sarung in mtare sss ree sudifaptmaching os soonary eet ath Sad of i 8 selene atte pong ats a Oe, jira the rex peta and” avoid have beat Sti ph a a tw ls tart est have purported i deze quanta the precee ‘Sia wich Donsio was tavelng ut before impact A GLRTESTED i wheter Dionisio prposely turned off sie ESP whcthor hn headlights seiently font oon tet te cred Sea de cPitate etueset vmtntbn tar pd Potpose shat aff hs healt ven before he reached the [erect a0 as rato e detect bythe pole the police precinct whic he ecg esto in he aes Ret was nt Ear {esp trom the intrecton Webcleve hat the penne theory "iy pret {2°s’ moe sree explanation tha tat o ‘eon lotic tha ha eas on uta.“The Civil Code ofthe Philippines of aough be suede voy alana nd "gh ltseondeac ce oo ae 5 PITTED es wt Den motets Then teens ‘Tike ony a Fuad ayo to the eg a rhe ‘Sone Di safe he ne bem ‘chal nes cha Norn ‘teats de Th ertnay at hen ‘Smee wh th sinsin Deni tat he ba kn ‘Son ure tea wtih ‘Stay trench tne ‘hat enna gg cmt ae SSRs oer eh ma he a ln ‘it an eae ta poi al ees pei Ingenta sere esse te ‘attrac ma at deen eon ie scl see bh ee rapt Di ws Serta ote News ng hoas tat apt ‘Snares stoalebane been Were meng ‘Sto he he esc af ape an Cw Sty Se ths tee amp at ‘ued ewan st ctentser me and Proxima Cause que ‘amavis wan wit Court ft tar te sete erie rene tern np rw ped nhs ‘re ele ptone ane ean ‘one reese abies sgt ce nnd te ale sede sh ‘then te ar Pan gy iret he ‘Saget he mp tvs rnd ‘es enc teachers epee 2 pts, wee, um it the task deers ue 2 pai tae ns at [it rept “oa pas ‘tie Dis ngiect ‘Sh dl tie pipet et ‘arti ter opm bet eh he 4% eer ttt ‘Theil Code ofthe Philippines 6 emt nom tg sie ea sg cttrton Werte yrs nid Sie ag sie TAPES Passer emanate trout ae nt cies ‘enor soso ack ‘Meth ool te ld gate test lon cone ne ‘alsin sre cme he wee fess ‘vant Sy cain 82 ee cece = eee Ee ies eee Eee pred moe aewemeeter season Th etcanceapepeaentent, einem ae sl aor ch Eigementie nmr ech Sndetentcns Tw el etn te po 8 he Sarton ene EIN‘The Civil Code ofthe Philippines ae epi woul sy ntact ‘hemp thn prods wt oe seer deve Tape args a ‘fod mnt ty ors ig ‘inal Scam Stand rg a io ‘emit baron nr boa ee ‘ou apo ne ok es ese Sol hee a ‘ung wr an een ‘ners er pdt mp tr ‘Tre te poner ru ee ove 4 a ae ‘pence asad oer am sate tne iaieend Deans ‘noo eget en snes srg gece Fane a ay tome ‘san rae Satcpmste pr cote See mes re eee ee tlw ould fom wid in nt pe ea SSSthui lene mr ep a ae dm ra hms en ‘Stel inen ee led ele css ‘Boer npomse pana trysk roy, teint cnt be eed fom ny bye a ro sd Imp thw be ete as ‘ese tps ole [Stenger sr sd te te ads pe Te ts ae ae orth apr 8 "ee ‘The Civil Code othe Phiippines ” Somer rst rcer tering ree wh aes ‘nacre ee Ser pin i ee SHE ese iiacanae cc ReRabAST PERT wae ateny oiecerternetrarmcsy” Siemens ne te asec = a I My meester ‘sronsy repent Don map eae? ae oth SiS agente as Gear Chance he pete tc er a eit, oe ends osgaree seca ieee‘The Civil Code ofthe Philippines Sontariretrraear ey Sa gece i cansbesch a t Schima SAiceeaia ano ars ia eter paps eta cance sche ane at my eed at oon ow mad ld SGataces tne ana itm eta scores sistem iedetne socmptn eae {hata ansng orn ont stone ‘phen teras te arcing ener heat ate the ‘Srinnam fe te pt he ents ei soi ny oe ne my ionomers re a ‘Some Te peony ee the rc rer at thei be ee om apna ‘cm pr soc tech nae peed inh pred one wah ad ee may Relcpctet neti oarsmen ‘sn fn sy an hae emg he peat tet cin’ pein mat Fes cece oman, ct dee cane tsi ace _—"_——e—e ‘The Civil Code o the Philippines ° resumption Negron the arto ne Eagar Presume Saige aonas Tee onto fren ee eee elt een Seiguepertemcaetnspgas Tema Sie en aaa {ai ora nto i te ae hw rr nrgaiaaneme mma Sao. Sete ener ‘Ar: 2100,l Code provides ht the sigaonsrsingtog ut dele = devant ne sly Vor S's ov Bes rasans, bat aie for tose of ped for whos pone or (i), The father an cas of his death o napa the moe are responsible for the damages eased bythe minor ‘ee ole te ope (2) tick ae lnc er eng OF = or apatata pass whoare une he aon) ade inthe company (@) The ers ad-manapers of an ostablehnent or coup ei espn for dag eused yi players a he servic ofthe branches neh the ter a nla orn the ocatan of thr a) Eaployersabel befor te damage cous eit employes ant household eps acne whim the scope of ‘her eget, een hag the former are no engages ‘ny snes rind (G). The Sais response i tke manner when ats bet gh hen the age eb "hap pei {Sant 67 allo whom be au done papery pra= invhch coe wit preied nade I 76shl be pete,‘The Civil Code of the Philippines 50 46) Last echarsoneads of ‘ans Gr apprentices, 50 logasthey remain intr cast Note ht the shall case when tara erin ertioned prove a thy ‘served al he igen of god father of fly 0 prever ‘mage ate pg aan nme rte conn ded whe mpg fo ps oh he og ‘Tverd Tees eye “mrss twas madi coe Teoma ‘tiveness ionrar een ir we tn a ‘ower cyt ave meme he atees ‘ernest Angin “GR fe une are ere ws aoe mS 75S aph sateen een he a and he rool sed aren alot ering etre ‘getoared mee ows rreet esp Isr hte a tars Gtr ath ua fh png od th aa Se eee see tne ee ‘il dr ld hat te dante the ner utah wt mainte ee eI oi {he rs eso on a lien r= he egtserperats orn wer ec ‘ett te ena psa totems (homers tiny arte cheng Te hay for ‘hate rumieft mache yy? mrs ‘tasty sith pee he nesta phe Fir tpt tc Sade outer iat rss 4 yah le 0 Me ae (13 98482, eee ot ars ant ries sa be ile fr dap red fer ult spicy tested WARE-280. Cll Code, “TheCiuilCode othe Philippines st my tf nrc wh we be tice Eee rien eared bonus Pater Fomias pte omiins nh ion nepal o- eompuyantbe aug eee te cee Sea eo ition ton i rat So an ice oe ‘Swe An cle connie ses ‘ate deine ete pen of ‘nde cbse eco eaten on ane ‘meting "bem thay Secor eee ae ige bv one ote pers ated his postion. tt See aes See teed eee meee, oes Sermo ee cea 1 Fins hd 443 2 Plein pi asathe Philippines ‘The Civil Code of | ot come at ers RDAs escent tne tant ou eitcers apr eae nny Sie ie ate rata ‘firintntce af the iaterssoined tasks wold ere het tan lege ne ete fo Sa rea Se tet cea Ears Ce Foarns pabee eae 82 aa rhe Civil Code ofthe Philippines antec anor wl Fos plans through wh whchs ese day an st example, the company actually own and Sac many heed an tie ate ony se eraorare {SM Spon rac en caovenem tr mer cen‘The Civil Code of the Philippines company's ings a cmpany owes a epensity ‘eres cea ha ne manageia or oer SBT? er cl anbmied woe of company sad TRONS Tico un eapay an sro was am asta Manager 0 eta undo commer, ne, err eat, Ecce cote Mtoe ha ciate meting beeen Li aod lens by Sly a ner scones onde ‘Penn Passe a Tino chee ‘See ren ome om fica Place, he me ‘Steines reetansnetey wvetoese our etc that erred the cve ae igen Of oe ‘Sime orth nes sessed a Lourdes Valen tay een ee cinema "nteded to enrich he plane tthe expense of defendant 54 Tr cette “The Givil Code ofthe Philippines augur nce Beaune th, Vall wil ee Feet tt othe ch was pand frye Septem nym er pets dv eRe a a ete ices hve be repo Dar Nysted vo changes nthe size a her wer ht fected DY erecancnty changing nd adjusting tothe physilog changes Sires wow erly ener hb hae he Must,” changes and sepsis wh equa cere g aces phys and ecupaional therapy Al ‘Behe hasbeen coment re pan te mate a "sing damage eau ni by ie na ai A most, See: Roweer cel ‘encuons are forever tose Te resultant tet, seeps. ‘chaos iry mem ad pea pn ae nesta asco wit theapnon tbe su 10000003 ‘Panel fy the tl cunts n pete aor the extent 2d atree'he inary seal and papceleia nlrb Micah Sacra the conan ou the sent 55“The Civil Code ofthe Philippines 56 ‘The Existence ofa Contract Between the Parties Constitutes [No Bart the commission of Tort by One Against the Other, Theveistence ofa contrat between the partes consues no fareo he commission fa tort by ane against the other ad the Peet recoery of damages tndsed, tis ie has been, inven reerated in Ar ronce .carrasco, nealing an Leslie presnger who. despite his sca tke, had Been AIep seed tom hs irst-dass accommodation and Teele to ake eat nthe tour compartment, wa Held Fare Sccover damages from the all-cariet, upon the Heart fees on the laters pare, or although the relation ‘Roea'spusenger ands carrer “contractual both origin 2eisiture thetac tat breaks the contract may also be 3 tore race Cang war anemplye Mai ranging tm ware Tory beige om an ERRE tessa amen He and the eat ir parse ceo waerson when mae im al ee etch Say se pao ander the moving tin hal radond crate rhea beppe t ‘SS 9 Spm sn ne ation a por he Cane ar wat Se eis ise china sate eas cighied tes sovegrait ela aes lta ine Rune oe preset cused eS Eien meee So Sy asta err 37 “The Civil Code of the Philippines Fan a ur toma by rns te feo Sirsa (cepa rer vic can be ‘emutted bY Gre espa its gest $Bu"srhe ees ony to culo oullona aed 00 Sr the lc rom hee reins oer an Rohan at eiio members of ace others geal ‘Sign ment epigentat or bmsion sell Comparative Negligence by mpm ey ay i rst an to provide sae aval imputsbletoerenants servants The raion companys ‘Eten inves the aseumpion that even arama that the eplgent conduct ofa servants nplcngan oberon upon the ‘tim scatman ait tine ce of Be ny sled by plan was is own to's comple stp bere aighting (Doctrine of comparative elgnce Raker deci) header enue by pants Sen ncpigene moa is posed upon defendant“The CivilCode ofthe Philippines ssn ii rte iy erg shou be apeione| ee sedan EES ‘hernia deminer eset earsimeemccccnancagc rane tte csr vicar rin een i ne ecm, acs SEEM tenet wb the alten te woe oo ‘eamamer nora a nas ry mw el id acy rate yn Cae eg see red on re ‘ett dnenbon rss aerate eee ay ponies enka ta se es ostatinat ir tliat mr oe a 20185 sre are hapa i eases as a ‘pd i om bans a on ng octet Gls take Hage Seanurehiee see ‘eee we mt he ge ‘Sopher eo ned nee te ats care ed ay of te on eprne an sigs ee ca ‘cy cet oa ed pie Me Serpe omar er ‘The Civil Code of the Philippines wight We the white a and sont a EN a ae cont eft ee espend iene Sa tract (occ le ene nae ri eo estos a 5 sei it hous be al 2 a pn re heh rt are a ei i nea hr or iene aes © va Dapromemamtnr as: se ea nt sayin ee emer innarmvanarard och ‘Blea a ac a Skene outa herpetic Aen enemas cis oeebere sri srg Soe Os Baga Tea SSE Aste mnt iepeine ed fSoa cas emt amon Tr ht eee tats edie "gare ethan der cube alse Actress ue einai eg tam by eer at slgoe wre the so“Te Civil Code ofthe PliPPeS pepe at crt SPs hse ea i Sr cts ng ‘Sl ge See emt ih at Oe Th. pecaan aoa es ‘Sie a ar epee a ese Sasa oe cet tide eis “a whe as Saw sn 2 ae at yt a ep a ‘eter de hem damage ae wl saci aon accopl aaron ain et me etn hin ee ser wo ceo 20 ee ee ne i Traci Serve so aed ci nema fa oe wl se eam ig ees Tee rr ready Kuba Poh porate eee eee sees eter recat ti ‘one ‘oer a ee SaSa eee ae We nbn en er etna en pe i a Ct rn tl ee ‘pe Civil Code of the Pilppines eons Se iat reac ce Serco en “atthe wen stealer a al nga ey dae naples evra ce oa at oh es i ae cat. Aa rm a Sie coe Seen cae tow on eye Renee rc ang See ee ene 6EM NATURAL OBLIGATIONS Arie 1423, Obl cred by reason Forth ta the Concept of Natural Obligations atu obligation sn ‘ich ingot be eorsady actin whi aig warty who makes it in conscience and accordi to mala NSU Nata olor may Dewees Ty ei carens 35 bea tnos eog See eras ee erie voluntary pal ‘the debtdi, anc irom the civil in that it ages sbtee be toan action to compl ts pertormange ‘1423.0 Cod psa igang cor nati can aipateg ge Pat weed ee star Ml nahh aan Daten iy aed gata ie cif the peta ater ans 1g suthorige the tenon what has been deliver ov Feidered by reasog@pareb. ts acs ow ichony enforcing compliaice by invoking the Intervention of the cout. The following conditions, therefore, are necesciryad) that there ond tings OB GMaFyn Go Empiogos (To carn ite oe eal hy oe ra age ay eet Feet wp wh se: mpee ea lr 3 Chi Onion The proms ta perform 4 Tatura billion isa eteaive se pREESRES TOA ol "Sere igi ne» Stina tga wl ee rac bath. Ths a prs cou fpoiedges the correc ofthe deb and promises bayii sespe Know tte debt has already rescie, Safed the bene afte preserplo he e e parta ete dtd SB igang hment ofthe Balad cannot ‘unset tg we Yet thewa ft hth the knosedge or aginst h il person pays lebl which th Article 1426. When a ‘one years of age whe has entered ino a contract without ment othe Feceived, notwithstanding the faet that Henetted thereby, tere fs no right to demand the Article 1427. When amminor between eighteen and twenty the oblige who (1160a) cmot he rescndedby the payes Article 1420 Wh noi een exerted quired by Taw, but one oft Setlement