Name : Nicole Ava Chang

NIM : 022111133033
Class : IUP
Assignment Anti-Inflammatory

1. What is the mechanism of action of carragen in causing inflammation?

The mechanism of action of carrageenan in causing inflammation is by releasing
inflammatory mediators such as serotonin, histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins
which cause rapidly developing oedema.

2. Explain how to calculate the five inhibition of inflammation!

𝑉𝑡
%inhibition= 100(1- )
𝑉𝑐

Vt: Control group edema volume

Vc: Volume of edema in the group given the tested drug

3. Explain the mechanism of action of dexamethasone, aspirin and paracetamol!

Dexamethasone: as an anti-inflammatory that will suppress the process of neutrophil
migration in the inflammatory process, reduce the production of prostaglandins, and
cause blood capillary dilation, so that it can reduce the immune response to
inflammation that occurs.

Aspirin: inhibits the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and inhibits prostaglandin

synthesis.

Paracetamol: works non-selectively by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes (cox-1 and

cox-2) and inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis, especially in the CNS.

4. Rank the effects of the largest to most negligible anti-inflammatory effects of

dexamethasone, aspirin and paracetamol!
Dexamethasone – Aspirin – Paracetamol.

5. Mention the side effects of dexamethasone, aspirin and paracetamol!

Dexamethasone has long-term side effects such as gastric ulcers, blurred vision,
hypoglycemia, skin atrophy, muscle weakness, irregular menstruation, and headaches.
In the eye organs can cause posterior subscapular cataracts, increased intraocular
pressure, glaucoma with optic nerve damage, reduced vision, secondary infections,
exophthalmos. Cardiovascular: thromboembolism, arrhythmia, syncope, hypertension,
myocardial rupture, chronic heart failure. Central Nervous System: seizures, vertigo,
headache, neuritis, psychosis. Effects on the gastrointestinal tract include pancreatitis,
nausea, vomiting, increased appetite, and weight gain.
Aspirin: digestive tract disorders, increases platelet aggregation as well as respiratory
tract disorders, gastric irritation, allergies, and bleeding.

Paracetamol: hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, nephropathy, hepatotoxic.