Year 8 Geography Learning Pack This topic is all about the Middle East and the diverse nature of this amazing continent. | would like you to work through the tasks set in this booklet using the information provided. if you have any questions, then please email a member of staff (ideally your geography teacher or myself) to help support you. Enjoy, ‘Mr Lomas Track your progress (tick when you have completed a section) | Revision Week 1/2]/3 )4]s5]6]/7]8]9 ||| 2 Read through the information [Completed the | taskIn this unit you will learn: fo ter in Preqress in Geogrephy. you nave \qvestigated! three ‘neationel unis: Russie, 2 sourtiry, Bnd Peis anc Anica, two continents. Now you are going to stutly he Micidle East. & region. 5 region ani stea that has certain characteristics in comenon thes make it unique “Trese i ro tingle. egreec’-upon. cetintion of whet rakes up the Miele East Defining the Mids East through ethnicity, religion, or national entity i eithcult. es the region is 50 diverte. 50. for the purposes of this unit. the Miccie East rl Inciuce the countries shown on Map A 14.1 Why is the Middle East an import ant world region? Middle of what, east of where? Cre of the reasons why this region is $0 important is that itis locatec where the continents of Asia Euroge enc Arica meet. The Midcle East can eiso be calles) Southuvest Asis. The term the “Midole Exst’ was fist usec by European colonialists in the ninateerin century Tracers used i as 2 way of Ustinguishing this area from India and the Far Eest (Southeast Asia anc Cina). Atter the Second Wont Wer. Micdle East’ became the cominant term for the whole region. The Midcile East is theretore. en outsiders term describing ne:ther geogrphy nor cutture. This explains why different Countries can be inciuced in this region. This is an itpertant econeme region that is rich in oi However. tis also 2 region in turmoil often in the news because Of war and confict @ Oitprpetines in Babrain {© The countries ofthe Mice East reglon (the Gaza Strip and West Bank make Sp the Palestinian States)@ Exploring the Middie East Px 1 Wratie region? © The war in Syria makes 2 Wnyis it oitfeut to aefine 3 region? neon nee a Us 3 Wrat coes tne term "Mice East rear? newspaper, 7 April 2017 A iiopemelary io 4a) Lstine sniteen courtnes ana one state of re Mile East bb) Which sre tre largest arcl sales: courtnes? c) Name the seas that border tne region. d) Tre rep0n is located wrere tree cortrerts meet Name te continents and expisio why you think tris might be imporart in the developrrent of the region, 5. a) In groups, ciscuss what you already know about this re9Ion. Use Photos 8-E to get you started 'b) Snare your knowledge with the rest of the class ¢) List the ten main things your class knows about this region. 6 Look carefuly tf. it shows a screenshot and photos froma ‘website which you have visited before in earier units, What is this website, end what do members collect? 1b) Wrat s the lattue and longitude of the clace visteo? ¢) Which country ere theyin? ) Why do users of tne website include a photo of their GPS. and what does this show? ¢@) Look catetully atthe photo ofthe location shown in F. Use tne five We enquity questions to describe what this pice is lke. f) Mark this location on an outline rrap of the Middle East 9) Visit the webste and find five other confluence points in cfferert courtries in the Middle East. Carry out actives coifovirese tie cations Burj Khatita, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Please complete the tasks aboveWeek 1 AnswersWeek Two Learning objective d the Influence of physical Main physical zones This large and diverse region can be simply divided! into two physical zones. In the north are the Pomiic and Taurus Mountains of Turkey, and the Zargros and Etburz Mountains of iran. Much of 3 the rest of the region is made up of lowland areas ™, n. of desert. The dominant feature of the region 2. 1s the Arabian Peninsula, mainly covered by the Arabian Desert and the Rub’ Al Khali or Empty Quarter. The western and southern parts of the = peninsula are fringed by upiand areas. There are three major river basins in the north ana west: the Nile, Euphrates and Tigris The Middle East physical geography@ Plate boundaries and earthquakes in the Middle East How does plate movement affect the Middle East? Go back to Unit 11 page 203 and look at the photo of the earthquake in Van, Turkey in 2011, Map E plots all the earthquakes that have occurred in the Middle East over 116 years. They are the result of late movement. The Arabian Plate was part of the African Plate about 500 million years ago. 1. a) Use Map Ato name the main mourteine and rivers of the reason b) Describe the aistibution of physical regions across the Mingle East. 2 Look carefuly at Pnotes 8-D. They show the Irea| city of Seghden on tne banks oftre River Tigts, he Elbutz Mountain iran and the Rub al Khali Seugi Ares. 8) Match tne photos to ther Iccstions. b) In each case justify your creice: ©) Explain which photos challenge your views of wnat the Miogle East s ike. 4) Wratis the other reme given to Rub’ al tal? €) Looking at the ehoto of this srea, why do ‘you thinkit was given this rame? These two plates have slowly spreac apart, ‘eading to the formation of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Persian Guif. The Red Sea is (ined with volcanoes. The Arabian Plate has been moving northward, currently at 3. cm a year, and colliding with the Eurasian Plate. This collision has created fold mountains in the north of the Middie East. Please complete the following tasks 3 Look carefully at Map E it hes been created by ‘the United States Geological Survey Imagine yOu work for the USGS, as ¢ geologist Write & report to describe and expisin the serthquexe activity inthe Middle East «Begin by describing the distribution of eatroueies, ‘+ Deserive the distribution of yolesnoes shown on E. a + Now explain how the movement of plates nas led to these earthquakes enc, the creation of fold mountains inthe north of the region. Use your understanding of plate tectonics from Urit'll to write this report. and look back at the diagrams of plate boundaries t0 help youWeek 2 AnswersWeek Three Learning objectives > To know the cimmate zones of the Middle Ease Climatic zones ‘There are two main climatic zones in the Middle East: desert to the south and a Mediterranean climate to the north (see Map A) The south ‘The Arabian Peninsula is predominantly desert, Rain comes mainly between May and September but there is only light, brief rainfall in most of, the region and in some areas it never rains at all. Table C shows how many days 2 month on average rain occurs in Riyadh. In the deserts, which are baked by the blazing sun, the daytime temperature often rises to more than 52°C. Yet at night the deserts are cool or even cold. > Todraw and interpret imate graphs > Tobe aware of the issues ‘cumate craates for the region The north ‘A Mediterranean climate has two distinct seasons: hot dry summers when Climate types in the the weather is similar to a desert, and warm and wetter winters. This mainly Middle East arid (dry) climate in the region creates major problems of water scarcity, see Map B and Article D. You were introduced to this global issue in Unit 2. Countries in the region are trying to find new sources of water and make better use of this precious resource Rainfall levels, Throughout the + Semeee oimm region Palisa ‘Temperature and rainfall in Tel Aviv and Riyadh 415 ——Middle East faces water shortages for the next 25 years, study says ising population and dwvindling water supplies will ffece ons of people and increase coniict in the region “The World Resource satu hs pushed «report sting that water ‘applies actors he Ndle Ea are derenorsting threatening ecesomi= gowss and maioml zecusty and forcing more people 16 mere 10 already overcrowded cies, New world ranking: place fourteen ef the ‘vould: 33 mox watersoeed councie: in te Middle Ease and North ‘ASica regon, inciuding Bahrain Kuri Quar, che United arab Enmirare, Paleine, lzad Saudi Arbus, Oman, Ian and Lebanon. “The world: demand for water i Baie co sage in the nest ‘ew decades, Rapidly growing popuhtons ‘ill duce inercsed consumption by people, fim: and companie:, Mote people wi move 16 cic, father saaining Zapplies ac the authors Midele Ease water supplier depend henily on undexground aguten, but thee ae deving outa alarming rates Inthe Sanaa Basin seVemen, she goundwater able # Bling near sx mene: per vex anv goveramens ha: debazed moving the capa ine In Egope whese Gensand for ware is growing fat populsion ses, the coun hat Jess water per penon each yess Water horuger ae aiveate common aeros che region ich supple reacted re only afew hours dy, bu hs wear many mraler csses have ran out of water complete, One reazon whe water #25, rearce & because farming waite: 10 much, Anak arge the ee oF ‘matt irrigation technologaes to reduce ater los: en fara @anarticie edited trom The Guardian, 27 August 2015, Bens te for eech 9) Using your climate graphs and Ma rainfall pattems are $0 in-ponant in the nater sucoly a) How is sae, b) Use Map 8 to exciain wiry versier water ¢) What and wre are ce: d) What environmental problems Sesalinaticn in the region? fe) What s ar aquifer arci where sre they Migdie Please complete the following tasks eavace water sean ve In Baas Arasia, 40 per cert of our water sore ‘em uederatoura sauterk, wrave tee eck ie saturated wen water sree ter troveante ct ‘years We need to Fe ove secets teat ce Beets w9e 6 100 9uctly Faeng war areae anceraly ute rea iegetice, wre oaeree a 7 ch oazer pas tarware cae saeyelea water ara nave age severe dep mgacen~ anal parcic pee nFece rat pet water right ar tes cers chee, ‘The emee 40 20°Week 3 AnswersWeek Four The Middle East has @ population of about 410 million people. Its population, as shown in Map A. is very uneven and is clearly linked to physical geography. The vast deserts of the region are sparsely populated. The north of the region and the fringes of the Midate East, particularly along the coasts, are more densely populated and Egypt contains the most densely populated areas. Why Is the population so diverse? The location of the Middle East, where three continents meet, has been very significant in its tong history. Itis at the junction of trade routes that have existed for over 5,000 years connecting Europe, Asia and Africa, and all the cultures of the Mediterranean. The movement Cf people and ideas for so fong has led to the formation of a very diverse and complicated region, with many languages, cultures and religions. While the majority of the inhabitants of the region speak Arabic, there are several countries in the Middle East that are not majority Arabic speaking, including Turkey, iran, and Israel ‘The region is the birthplace of the three main religions of Judaism, Christignity and Islam. islam is the most practised religion across the region, although this can vary by country, For example, 40 per cent of the population of Lebanon are Christians, and in israel 70 per cent are © Population density across the Middle East region © Popuiation figures tor Middle East countries in millions, 2017@ The ethnic populations of the Middle East Jewish. There are many different ethnic groups in the region, but as Map C shows, Arabs are the majority group in aimost every Middle East country ‘The exceptions are Israel, Turkey and mostly- ie 1 Look carefully st Map A 8) Deserite she distribution of population across tre resin b) Lock closely at the population dersity for Egypt. itis very diferent to that for any cher countty in the Middle East. Compare: ‘his map with an atlas map of Egypt. Why are the tentely populated! sreas of ne country shaped fhe this? Compare the copulation density of the Midiole East wth Mac A in Lesson 142 page 264. arc Map & in Lesson 143 page 266. Explain how otysical geography nas inflvenced the dsirioution Of population in wre tegen 2 Table B stons the total poatlation for each ‘ourtty in the region in 2017 a) Create a rerk over Ist of courtres Persian iran. The ethnic Kurds have no country of their own but big communities in iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. according to their population. with the largest frst 'b) Draw a ber graph t0 show the population totals for each Country in the region. ¢) Write a paragraph to summarise what your graph shows in terms of the varety of population size for each county. Look carefully at Map C. 2) Write a lst of the main ethnic grouns that lve in the Middle East b) Describe the distribution of these groups across the region ©) Wry is she copulation of the Middle East so siverse? 4 What is the rain religion in the Midale East? in wrat ways is the population of Israel Oiflerent to other countres in the Midcle East?Week 4 AnswersWeek Five Learning objective > ‘To understand the importance of otto the ‘economies of the idle East and the world, Crude oll reserves in the region in Lesson 14.2 you investigated the impact of ‘moving plates on the physical geography of the Middle East. They have also had an impact on the economic geography of the region. The Middie East is the source of the world’s largest and most important reserves of crude oil. The Arabian plate currently holds 48 per cent of the world’s oil reserves and 43 per cent of the world's natural gas. This wealth of oil and gas is the result of the slow continual movement of the Arabian plate. The Arabian plate experiencec around 570 million years of nearly uninterrupted sedimentation, an ideal setting for the creation of hydrocarbons, the compounds that make up crude oil © oil anc gas in the Middte East The oil was discovered in 1908 in what was Persia (now iran), with later discoveries all over the region, as shown in A. These discoveries were made just as the car was becoming an important ‘means of travel and oil was needed as a source of fuel. The world’ richest countries, such as the UK and USA, have become very interested in what was, until the oil discoveries, a very poor but historically important part of the world. Oil has brought great weaith to the region sad tba far tor “hse asmconsumezon Test tows Auvavas muon, baresa sr - The importance of oil The discovery of oil has revolutionised the ‘economy of the region. Map A and Table B show. how important the region is today for world economies, dependent on oil. China, for example, which you investigated in Lessons 10.5 and 109, thas to import 60 per cent of its crude oil needs to sustain its rapid economic growth. 1 Lock back at Lesson 27, pages 34-35, ‘andl explain why Oil if 80 imiporant 70 the economies of the world. What has caused the formation of oll nd fatural oa8 in the Midlle East? What are hydrocarbons? When was oil frst 2iscovered in the region? Look carefully at A a) How inrportant are the oll anc gas reserves of the Micole East? b) Make a rank order list of the countries io tre region whieh nave oil arci gas reserves c) Which countiies in the Midale East do nct have oll Or gas reserves? d) Descrive tre retort cattern of oll and gas poelines across the region €) Wrat evidence can you find to show how fat oll andi gas comirates tre economies of courtties in the region? nd © the globat batance of trade in ol Over 50 per cent of this crude oil comes from the Middle East. Although oil has stimulated great ‘wealth for some countries in the region, their economies are still reliant on one product ~ oil They therefore lack the maturity and range of economic sectors found in countries such as the USA and the UK. Please complete the following tasks 6 Lobk cavefully st Map B. 8) What tree sets of data does tris map show? b) Which areas of tne world consume tne MOSi 1? ¢) Which parts of the world produce the most oi? ) Which pans of the world are tne most telient on importing oi? ) Compare A with Map B. Which areas of the ‘world do you think will impor il from the Midiole East? Wrat potential problems do you think are created by having an economy that relies on. money ftom exporting oil? Consider wnat you have learnt this lesson about the balance of trade in cil and then write 8 paragraoh to enswer tne lesson enguiry question: Wry is the Midcle East a major economic region of the world?”Week 5 AnswersWeek Six How has the United Arab Emirates developed? Governments across the Middle East face @ diverse set of challenges that can hold back economic development, including an arid environment that can lead to water scarcity an overreliance on oil exports creating @ need to find ways to diversify their economy, to protect them from falling cil prices, oF of running out © high unemployment, particularly among a ‘growing population of young people unrest and conflict among the many ethnic ‘groups in the region. ~ Overcoming such issues in order to develop fequires strong leadership from governments. In Q The Human Development index for UAE, the next two lessons you will compare the progress 1970-2010 of two contrasting countries in the region, the oss. United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Yemen. The oil and gas industry in the UAE —— trang tgrcounes ne Siren Seaiserene nae Peseerrterm semeHow is the economy diversifying? A strong and consistent government, since 1971, has been very successful at diversifying the economy to reduce the dependence on oi! exports. Dubai has been particularly successful at this, becoming a global city. Oil revenue has been invested in developing modern ports, airports and airlines, tuming Dubai into a world ‘communication hub. Dubai promotes itself as ‘a gateway to global trade, as a dynamic and diverse economy at the crossroads of the world’ The city’s assets, inctuding its architecture, modem transport system, high-class hotels, shopping mails, theme parks, year-round sunshine, beaches and deserts are all the result of economic investment using oil revenue. As a consequence, the city has developed into the fifth largest world tourist destination How Is the population of UAE changing? Only 1.4 milion people in UAE are emirati as the country has one of the largest proportions of migrant, mainly male, workers in the world. This has had a distorting effect on the population structure of the county (see Graph C). immigrants Ey Lock cack to Lesson 72. cage 124 Mao C. a) Find the Miagie East on tne woris mao. b) Compare it with Map 4 in Lesson 42, page 262. ¢) Draw a tabie fo snow wnicn income grous ‘each Micale Eastern county isin. Write a Ust cf ine challenges Countries in tne Middile East need to overcome in order to develon, a) What is the UAE? 1b) How is ine country governea? ) What makes 2u Drigoi and Ducal tne most important emirates? 4 Locket Mapa 8) Describe the distribution of ollin the county. @Poputation pyramid for UAE 2017 (total population of 9,397,598) 100+ 95.98 soos 55-89 saat TOM G8 GH 4H 265 ON 28 Ae ose BS 10H make up 90 per cent of the workforce. The biggest numbers of workers come from the nearby countries of india, Bangladesh, Pakistan and the Philippines, but also a small minority from Europe Including, in 2012, 240,000 from Britain. 1b) Why's oll important’o its economy? Why's it important tnat tre courtly doesn't secorre /elsrt on 1 revenue? @) \irat is tne orocess calee wrere a country becomes lass felant on an exzor product by varying its economy? 5 Study Gaon 8. How successful nas UAE Deen in developing since 29707 6 Look carefully at Graoh C. a) Wny/is the snape of tne ayramia so sistorted on the male side? b) Why Go you think UAE uses so many migrant workers?Week 6 AnswersWeek Seven ‘Yemeniis the poorest country in the Middte East. Itis also 8 country of great beauty and heritage, including four UNESCO Worid Henitage sites. Yemen's population is 25.4 milion and approximately 54 per cent of those people live in poverty, surviving on fewer than $2 per day. Approximately 45 per cent of the population is malnourished. In 2017, the latest civil war in Yemen has created a humanitarian crisis (see B and C). This war is the result of extreme poverty and the poitical instability and corruption that has hindered any possibility of economic development. In this lesson you investigate why the country is so poor and make comparisons with the UAE. Yemen economic report Conflice (Until 1990. Yernen was divide! into two cifferent ‘courtries = the nenth and south, Regula outbreaks of ‘hl war Between thage two areas Nave oroined the wealth created Gy oul reserves, Instead, wealth has ‘been usec on milzary end arm spending Imporisfexports Virwslly Do products ere exported. Agriculture is poorly developed and most food is imported. The econerny \@ elant on oll expors, foreign aid and money sent from Yerrenss ling abroad. in the 1970s ang 19805, “every family Fad at leas: one rae relstve workeng in ‘Seudi Arabs who sent home large sums of money But when Yemen declared izelf neutral during the Gutt Wer. many Yemeni workers in Saud Arabia were forced to leave. This meari much less money received by Yemen fiom the source. Governments and wealth from oil Many corrupt governments have murused waai, In 2008, ol revenues accourred for 67 per dent of governmant income, and 66 per cent of ‘export revenues. These oll reserves are running out ‘eutgas fee have baen decouered. Exploration and investment by oil companies have not develozed due to the insecurity of the country. Oil ppelinas in Yemen's eastern desert were destroyed by opponents of the former president 10 pravert the government ‘getting export revenues Infrastructure There ate ro raways leaving many areas inscoassble and many people unable 10 access medical, ard Population “The popLteton is due to double te more than 40 milion in the pe 20 years. ang to reach €0 millon in 30 years. Two-thics ofthe poouaton are under 24 but ‘Uremplayment among young peonls i estimated at 60 per cere and ths wll only worsen asthe Eogulation rons, Gender equality The World Economic Forum named Yemen the worst countty for genaer equality Yemeni ort fen taken out of schoo! to marry young er care tor relatives. Ae a result schoo! attendsnce and ‘graduation raies for women are far lower than for ‘men. Approximately 49 per cent of Yemeni women are uiterat. Water Yemen it ranked as the Seventh most wster-stessed ‘county on the planet Ths i¢ due ¢o mismanagement of water supplies. In Yernen's capital cry. Sara’, water i oniy availble once every four days forits 2 min people Tourism, Yemen has potential in tounsm. ie physica! ‘geograchy is spectacular Yemen's cultural heritage, Inciusting tx dlgunctive archtaccural syles, has in the past etvacted travellers worldwide, Future development of this dependent upon solving Yeren’s securty crses. Geveloping toursms infrastructure, and grovding a sable 3nd secure ervrenmert105% OH 6% 4% 2% 0% 2% 4K 6H BX 10% Population pyramid for Yemen 2017 (total population of 28,119,545) Yemen at ‘point of no return’ as. conflict leaves almost 7 million agencies have wamed that Yemen i ‘ar the Opes ea ere eee er gee yeas flee Rien tea food insceurity and wal fall prey to famine without gent humaniorian anistance, due co ch lest war ieee Reecitpaeed dre hee haere Wesbi fc reer Aighing taut with ar wit and four searold son, Jamal relocating 10 16 icy 30 mile wo the non. "We ran Gom our Bome breawe oC the confit: he id. et fod proved hard 2 come by in Ib) where makeshif tens house thowsnds of Pee eed arena {-Weibi loo his wife tothe cold weather and servgghing ro fed Jal "We ran fom the war o bein nother oi, yer my 10m and Tuer fom malnutrison hereon daily basi! "Our survival depends on what i lef hom other people. Sometimes we ext bat other sie: me dont find anything to ext, we cat only ome meals dan ms eg So er Lit is lf fom people’ food some rex and bres {We eat com with water and the water nor clean @ Atticle trom The Guardian, @ March 2017 Read the Yemen economic report a) Jin back to Lesson 76, page 132, and reread. the causes of poverty b) Draw a spider diagram as in Lesson 7.6, page 132, and use the report to summarise the reasons for lack of development in Yemen Read B and C about the impact of the latest war in Yemen. C was produced on 21 January 2015. a) Identify fve key points from the data that est identify the issues, b) Write a paragraph to describe what life must be like in Yemen ¢) Why has this organisation oublished the poste? What do you think is the main reason Yemen is poor? Look carefully at the population pyramid for Yemen A a) Describe the shape and structure of the pyramia. b) Which stage of the Demographic Transitio Model (page 146} do you think Yemen is in? Justify your choice. ) Wite @ pategreph comparing A with the population pyramid for the UAE on page 213 Go back and look at the Sustainable Development Goals in Lesson 79. page 138 identify the four goals that would best support the Yemen Draw Development Compass Roses for UAE and Yemen Use your DCRs to help you compare the development of UAE and Yemen Write @ paragraph to explain why there is such a difference in development between the two countries. What do you think are the three most important reasons for the differences in development. between the UAE and Yemen?Week 7 AnswersWeek Eight Learning objective ‘= To understand some of the reasons for conflict in the Middle East ‘The conflict in Yemen you investigated last lesson is part of wider ongoing conflict in the region. There are a variety of reasons for this: Borders: Some tensions have been created by regional borders, which were first created by Britain and France when they were trying to colonise the region. This has led to divisions between groups such as the Kurds, who are divided across five different states. Israel was also created in 1948 as a Jewish homeland, This led to the division of Palestine and has caused ‘ongoing tension and conffict in this region Article from The Guardian, 27 January 2017 ‘Saudi Arabia sees Yemen intervention as defence of ‘backyard’ jonservative kingdom blames Iran for backing. thi rebellion on ics southern neighbour's territory. Saud! Ausbia defends ix miliary intervension in Yemen 35 being based on 3 UN resolution authorising the restoration of the meermationlly recognised government in che Yemen. ‘The coalition has conducted alike: and har blockaded she only pore for importing goods into the country. I a0 size that the intervention is necesary to defend its own, steurite The conservative kingdom sees is neighbour. the ‘Arab would: poorest counny, a i backyard, and blames ic stearic rival Ian, for backing Houta rebel. The Saudis ay their psocity isco have a sabic neighbour to the south and tc protect their souther cities Religion. There is a religious dnvision in the recion ‘between «vo main siamic sects - Shia Musiims and Sunni Muslims (see maps D and €) Two of the most powerful countnes in the region are Sauoi Arabis and iran, Saudi Arabia is the leading Sunni power {and iran is the leading Shia power. Neighbouring Countries look towards one of these two for religious and political support. These religious tensions have increase¢ since the iraq War in 2003 by Sun en Sadcam ‘The onaoina war in Yemen is a result of many of these tensions. The Yemeni Government is fighting against a rebel Houthi group. Within the region, a coalition of Middle Eastern countries led by Saudi Arabia support the internationally recognised Yemeni Government in the fighting, (see A and C). Recent wars in@ Countries for and against military action in Yemen © Estimated distribution of Sunni M @ Estimated distribution of Shia Musims in tne Middle East Middle East Xai 1. Create 9 spider ciagram to summarise tre 5 Look carefully at Aand ¢ reasons ‘or corfict in tne Miodie East a) Why s Sauo| Arabia leacing a coalition of 2 Loot carefully at Map B. Create a timeline to countries to blockade and Domb Yemen? summarise the rajor conflicts that have b) Compare the countries in the region otcutred in the region. offering military support in Yemen with Look carefully at Maps D anc E. Write a ‘Maps D ang E to explain why they are paragraph to cescrive the cistriouticn of Sunni going this. and Shia Muslims across the Middie East ¢) Why do you think iran is against military Wry did the overtnrow of Saddam tussein in action? the lag War leac to growing tensions 4) Wry are courtnes outsde the regon Detweer Sunni and Shia Muslims? supporting the corfict?Week Nine & Ten Why is the Middle East an important world region? Part 1 Im this unit. you have learnt about the diversity, contrasts, wealth and issues of the Middie East as well 3s why itis such an imporcant region of the ‘world, In the next two fessons you wal investigate ‘a major world isste, war in Syria. This will provide “opportunities for you to use anc apply, not only ‘what you have leamt in this unit, but also much ‘of what you have learnt throughout Progress in Geography. You will investigate the causes of the war, anc consider its consequences for places and people across the Middle East and into Europe. A visual summary of the effect of the war in Syria from Global Post, 2015 mmm SYRIA'S S7tRERioies iw on a a? 240.000 2 @ iis eeSttttt = Q How did the war in Syria start? Syrians Sime Scene” 19-day y= Wes 2028 — iteraWhy did people start to leave ° Syria? “The war has led to the mass migration of people from Syria This is a forced migration, where people have little or no choice, but to escape the ar ~ 11.5 per cent of the population have been Killed or injured! in the war. Syrians began to fiee their homes when life became unbearable, see D and F Syrian children have experienced and witnessed relentfess violence and brutality and as 2 result have lost family, suffered injuries and missed years of schooling, In order to escape, hundreds of thousands of people began to flood over the borders, initially into neighbouring counties, Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon, They became refugees - peopte who are forced to leave their country as # result of war. Most Syrians would prefer to have stayed in Syria or somewhere ciose by, where family, culture and language are familiar. Indeed, the fist to flee settled in neighbouring countries close to the border, expecting to return quickly to their former les. And in fact, the majonity of Syrians are still living in their war-torn country (see C and B) Poop cs she rove ae J: death an somttuction, ‘has eh sacle wating ak “ee my eae oy ecu How cola anv Myst expec) orate odes ege, he oly erared 484 re norien thet ery day the set of curiae, Her oly Wiehe to he 2 enn cur rntor tty. Te popiaher are ‘era, Ty ate cetSgreere~ they et wart Reason ‘hom che reine, The @ su tard ards targets ve pecad varce we tote Klas cot cout hovee ard ie 1308 1 depace ve ele ners toe thar honse My home wae aeetrajad by tombe Newent £2 he tn my pacerse But ‘thoce nae rot oven 208ce theee, only Homing. \ideappie,iling. Trav hy we ha Te oars frase tr the ise and Due to the sensitive nature of this topic, the peopie on this page wish fo remain anonymous. foture frm sharers has 19 protect ther: J14.10 Why is the Middle East an important world region? Part 2 Refugees were pushec! out of Syria by war, and ‘These refugees thought they would live in refugee pulled by the prospect of peace ang safety There camps in neighbouring countries for a short time, are now over 5 milion Syrian refugees. For the anc then hopefully return horne. Years jater, they ‘countries which host this huge number of refugees find themseives stil there. Many Syrians have now {see Map Gi there are ongoing probiems as they given up any hope of returning home. With attempt to support these people. Shelter, food. work nothing left. and their piaces of exile under and services must ailbe founc!toaccomrocate _increasing strain as more refugees pour out of ther. Itis aso very difficult for refugees to adapt to Sytia, hundreds of thousands of people are ready. 2 different way of life, language and culture, in anew to travel much further to find security, They make country, particularly when they are traumatised by, difficult and often dangerous journeys into Europe and fleeing from, war. in hope of a better life ico 15 fureoean cours applications, Apr 2017 0 Nor20%8 iismman etugessrepsteed ‘raghbounog ecu, pte 19 ian 206 Number of etugeer + f 10.990 100.000 500.000 @A cartoon on the Syrian refugee crisis I eealy i Deven te realy Poi an -78 eaty th argags ns Dhar ouetoRe Ta ovate e sereperely iMarart 20 cure |e cut cFpiace vaareg el na corhisein deere Mean | came te Eurore,| raver though thas 208 aay the00 coeracing souls male we chime oP goltg tack 10 20a. Tre eoncelad ‘promeea ina! @ ar iuelor. ‘Due to the sensitive nature of this topic, the people on these ‘pages wish (o remain anonymous,| hare the Turion nation, Tay 220928 | ve ae # queer. tie have bean hare for Fi | _yoare They ga ue jab, shay gav0 8 feed, Bur ow a Wat Torture home, Iiiee my aountry my fam, my ilags, nie eerythieg thas Please complete the following tasks. 1 Read the text in’ a) What was Syria like before war broke Out? b) Think back te what you learnt last lesson, about the cause of conflict in the region. Use this and Ato write @ paragraph explaining why Syria is at war. 2 Look carefully at B a) Discuss with a partner and write a list of what you think are the five most significart impacts of the war. b) Share your ideas with the rest of the class. 3 Write definitions of forced migration and refugees. 4 Think back to Unit 8 when you learnt about migration. People make difficult decisions to move or stay in a place. considering push and pull factors. Now read views C to F. a) identify the push and pull factors for those who left 'b) Why have the majority of people stayed in Syria? ¢) Discuss with a partner what you might do faced with the same choices. 5 Why did people initially move to neighbouring countries? 6 Look carefully at Map G. Describe and explein the distribution of Syrian refugees. 7 What point of view is portrayed in cartoon H? 8 Look carefully at G and H, as well as K 2) What problems in the refugee camps are Oxtam trying to deal with? b) Why do you think Syrians started to move from these camps into Europe? Well done for completing “here are ote of Syrian rmonion the etresta in our ‘own with cothing to de ‘Thay haeelo me and poetir ma when Fn using by. makoo me afraid, Botore the refugeoe came, we could go wherever wo wanted at right. But now we sre ered 2 9 Initially European countries wanted to help the refugees. but |. J. Kand M identify growing problems. ‘@) Why do you think European countries become concerned about takirg more refugees? Lise the evidence to justify your answers. b) What are the main teasors for this change? 10 In Unit 8 you learnt that the attractions or pulls of a new place to live are perceived. and not real, until the migrant actually experiences them. Read carefully the views of refugees in | JandL, a) What have they learnt about the place they moved to? b) What problems have they experienced? ©} What do you think many refugees would prefer to do? 411 Tris issue demonstrates why the Middle East Is important to the rest of the world. a) Think about what you have leamt in this unit, and identify five things that make this region so important. b) Why do countries like the UK and USA Keep getting involved in the politics and wars in the region? 12 How hes this unit progressed your understanding of development. population. migration, economy, plate tectonics. and natural resources? 13 Look at the vision statement flap. What progress have you made towards this vision in this unit? bookletWeek 9 & 10 AnswersCANSFIELD [DEVELOPING POTENTIAL « CELEBRATING SUCCESS Geography Department Year 8 Work booklet Name: Teacher:Your task: Annotate the diagram explaining the process of the greenhouse effect Why might INCREASING POPUALTION be a big problem linked to global warming ~ try to provide several reasons Annotate the image below to explain the cause of global warming that is shown (which is U. )SOURCE 1: Urban areas are growing faster in LEDCs than anywhere else in the world, but this growth brings problems and challenges, all of which require good management and solutions. A lack of employment opportunities in the countryside. Overpopulation and poor crop yields are all push factors - why people leave the countryside. | SOURCE World Electricity by Source 28000 | 20000 os | other renew 2 15000 solar 5 “wind 10,00 | senuclear 000 Shyaroeecte ‘oss Fuel 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2008 2011 ‘SOURCE 3: This graph shows the changes in global __| population Population in Millions 1750-1800 «1850» 1900-1950 1999 20502150 DateWhat does source 1 show? ‘What does source 2 show? ‘What does source 3 show? Using the evidence (Sources 1-3) What do you think is the biggest cause of global warming? © Urbanisation © Use of fossil fuels OR * Population increaseWhat does this graph show? — describe the patterns and trends that you can see us! z gua saz 14 140 29 138 war Global average temperature °C (5 yen 135 ‘1860 1800 900 19201840 Your 198019802000 Renewable Energy: Type of enerey ‘Where itis from ‘Advantages Disadvantages Solar Energy fromsunlight | Potentially infinite energy | Manufacture and is captured in solar _| supply. Single dwellings can | implementation panels and have own electricity of solar panels converted supply. canbe costly into electricity Wind Wind turbines ‘Can be found Manufacture and (modern windmills). singularly, but usually implementation of wind turn wind energy | many together in wind farms can be costly into electricity farms. Some local people object to on-shore wind farms, arguing that it spoils the countryside. Hydrological or Energy harnessed | Creates water reserves as | Costly to build. Hydroelectric Power from the movement | well as energy supplies. _| Can cause the flooding of (HEP) of water through surrounding communi rivers, lakes and dams. Does not create poll to the environment, No fuel costs so cheaper when built and landscapes, Dams have major impacts on the local area as areas have to be flooded.What are the impacts of renewable energy? Create a mind map describing the good and bad thinks linked to renewable energy How do people contribute to global warming — list as many activities as you can and tell me which you think is the biggest problem (and why?) Key Words - Global Warming: Global Warming — a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere * Climate Change - a change in global or regional climate patterns largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels Urbanisation — The physical an human growth of towns and cities © Deforestation — the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by peopleBenefits and Problems of Deforestation: ® Deforestation is a large contributor to climate change. Carbon stores are being reduced and stored carbon dioxide is being released © Deforestation supports many national economies, e.g. Costa * Deforestation provides people with vital resources © Many species of flora and fauna are affected. They are often unable to adapt quickly to change Do the benefits of deforestation outweigh the environmental problems? Me a vi pt Describe the distribution of tropical rainforest‘The Hydrological Cycle What impacts will deforestation have on the hydrological cycle? What human activites can affect the hyrdrological cycle? Causes of Flooding Cause Reason Impermeable | These rock do not let water through so water is forced into Rock the river as surface runoff Hard Dry Soil | Hard, dry soils do not let water sock through so water is forced into the river as surface runoff Very Wet Soil__| if heavy rainfall has fallen earlier the soil may become saturated forcing water to run directly into the river ‘Steep slopes _| Rain falling onto steep slopes is unable to enter the soil so. runs as surface runoff into the river Deforestation | Cutting trees reduces interception and so more water directly enters the river Building Rain falling on concrete or tarmac is unable to soak into the ground, Drains quickly direct the water into the riverWhat are the physical and human causes of flooding? What human activities contribute to climate change? 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