eam UNE Online Thermodynamics Formulas Introduction to Thermodynamics Last updated date: 12th Mar 2023 + Total views: 175.5k + Views today: 356k The principles of thermodynamics have wide generality, making them relevant to all physical and biological systems. The laws of thermodynamics arose quickly during the 19" century in response to the necessity to maximize the performance of steam engines. The rules of thermodynamics, in particular, provide a comprehensive explanation of all changes in a system's energy state and its ability to do beneficial work on its surroundings. What is Thermodynamics? Thermodynamics can be defined as the branch of physics that deals with the study of the relation between heat and other forms of energy, the subject also encompasses the relation between heat, work, temperature, and energy. The major thermodynamics equation is listed below. Specific Heat Capacity Formula Specific heat can be defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a compound by one degree celsius. The unit of specific heat is Joule/Kg Kelvin (J/Kg kK). The mathematical equation for specific heat capacity formula is c= 4% mAT In this equation, C represents, specific heat AQ represents the heat gained or lost during the reaction. (Heat capacity) AT represents the temperature difference m represents the mass AT represents the change in temperature. Itis calculated by AT = (Ty-T)), where T; is the final temperature and 7; is the initial temperature.Vedaniti, eam UNE Online Heat Capacity Formula The heat capacity and the specific heat can be calculated by rearranging the equation for specific heat. The mathematical equation is as follows Q=mcAT Q represents the heat capacity. M represents the mass. AT represents the change in temperature. And c is the specific heat of the compound. Adiabatic Process Formula The adiabatic process can be defined as the process during which there is no exchange of heat between the system and surroundings. The energy is neither transferred nor exchanged in compression or expansion of the system. The adiabatic process is found to be both reversible and irreversible in nature. The mathematical equation for the adiabatic process formula is PVY= constant In this equation, P represents the pressure of the system. V represents the volume of the system y represents the adiabatic index The adiabatic index is defined as the ratio of heat capacity at constant pressure Cp to heat capacity at constant volume Cy. Work Done in Adiabatic Process Formula As the concept of the adiabatic process is understood, the work done in an adiabatic process is dependent on the variables of the adiabatic process formula. The variables of the equation are pressure and volume, the equation for work done in an adiabatic process is given by, W=JPdvVedaniti, eam UNE Online W represents the work done during the process P represents the pressure of the system V represents the differential volume of the system. Enthalpy of Vaporization Formula Enthalpy of vaporization is also termed as the heat of vaporization. It is used to define the amount of heat required to be absorbed to vaporize a specific quantity of a substance (which is liquid) at a constant temperature. The mathematical representation of the enthalpy of vaporization formula is as follows, He= In this equation, Hy represents the heat of vaporization q represents the heat ‘And, m represents the mass of the substance. The First Law of Thermodynamics Formulas The first law of thermodynamics states that “the energy can neither be created nor be destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another.” Since thermodynamics encompasses the relationship between heat and work and heat is considered as a form of energy, all the thermodynamic processes must follow the laws of thermodynamics. The mathematical equation used to represent the thermodynamics formula of the first law is, AU=q+w Where AU represents the net change in the internal energy of the system. qis the algebraic sum of heat exchanged between the system and surroundings. w represents the work done by the system or on the system. Work is also expressed as equal to the negative external pressure on the system multiplied by the change in volume, the mathematical expression isVedaniti, eam UNE Online w=-pAV Where p is the pressure applied on the system AV is the change in the volume of a system due to pressure applied This mathematical equation is specifically known as the pressure-volume work. The Second Law of Thermodynamics Formula The second law of thermodynamics is also known as the law of increased entropy. The law states that the entropy of an isolated system will never decrease to zero. In other words, the entropy of any given isolated system will always increase. The mathematical equation used to represent the second law of thermodynamics formula is, ASuniv = ASsys + ASsurr 2 0 Where S represents the entropy. Entropy Formula Entropy is the measure of randomness in a system. The standard unit for entropy is joules per kelvin (J/K). the mathematical representation of entropy formula is, S=Ky In(Q) Where S represents entropy. Kp represents Boltzman’s constant In represents the natural log Q (Omega) represents the number of microscopic configurations. Conclusion Thermodynamics is the branch of science that deals with the study of heat and work. There are three main laws of thermodynamics named the first, second and third laws. These laws govern all the physical processes of the system. The important formulas of thermodynamics include specific heat, entropy and adiabatic processes that are explained in the article.Vedaniti, Lear UNE Online Courses (cjass 3-12) éah*? ivi & JEECrash NEETCrash JE NEET —_JEE/NEET CBSE Icse z4000 = @7400==« 24.000 «©7400 Foundation @37310 © 18,980 a10as