Karl Anthony C.

Gamalo

BSAMT-2

● A chemical substance is a form of matter that has a constant chemical composition and
characteristic properties. The natural changes that we see are caused by chemical
reactions like the ripening of fruits and changing of leaves.

● Chemicals are essential for economic development but are also a risk to human health. If
exposed to these hazardous chemicals it can contribute to chronic health conditions like
cancer, allergies, cardiovascular diseases, congenital defects, etc. We benefit from these
chemicals but it is important that we handle them with caution to prevent and reduce
risks and its harmful effects.

● Chemical process safety - The process of focusing on preventing and reducing accidents
and incidents in the manufacturing of chemicals and pharmaceuticals.

● Chemical safety - is ensuring the safety and health and preventing damages to nature
when using occupational chemical substances.

● Safe Chemical Components

1. scientific knowledge of potential hazardous effects
2. technical knowledge of safe-handling and use of procedures
3. effective communication of chemical identity
4. safety profile of all substances

● General Chemical Safety Guidelines

1. Maintain an organized and orderly facility.
2. Communicate hazards to everyone in the facility.
3. Follow basic safety procedures.
4. Use engineering controls.
5. Use PPE as needed or required.
6. Follow requirements for high hazard chemicals.
7. Prepare for accidents and emergencies.
 ● Basic Safety Rules
1. Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire
2. extinguishers.
3. Know emergency exit routes.
4. Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals.
5. Minimize all chemical exposures.
6. No horseplay will be tolerated.
7. Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic.

● Chemicals We Used In Everyday Life

1. Cleaning products
2. Clothing
3. Fragrances
4. Insecticides
5. Paints

● Safety Precaution For Handling Acids And Bases

1. Face protections - face shield
2. Apron or disposable gown
3. Acid-resistant gloves

● Four Different Ways Chemicals Can Enter The Body

1. Inhalation
2. Skin and eye absorption
3. Ingestion
4. Injection

● Acute Toxicity - exposure to chemicals that humans aren’t around, or are in contact due
to an accident.
● Biological variation - characteristics that may be unique to an individual - sex, height
● Particulates - solids or liquids that are dispersed as gas - mist, fumes
● Toxicity - measure of how poisonous a chemical is

WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM (WHMIS)

● Using Chemicals Safely
 1. Get fresh air immediately if you experience dizziness, nauseousness, or getting a
headache.
2. Working area must be ventilated.
3. Wear protective clothing.
4. Never leave chemicals unattended.
5. Wearing contact lenses is not recommended. If chemicals touch any part of the
body, rinse it immediately with warm soapy water.
6. Do not light a match or use a lighter near the chemicals.

PRECAUTION STEPS IN CHEMISTRY EXPERIMENT

● Basic Safety Rules
1. Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire
extinguishers.
2. Know emergency exit routes.
3. Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals.
4. Minimize all chemical exposures.
5. No horseplay will be tolerated.
6. Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic.

● CHEMICAL SAFETY RULES THAT EVERY CHEMICAL USER SHOULD KNOW

1. Know and understand the chemicals you use.
2. All chemicals being used should be labeled correctly and disposed of properly.
3. Always wear protective clothing when handling chemicals.
4. Proper control and ventilation is needed.
5. Properly store chemicals, only get what is needed.
6. Do not work with hazardous chemicals alone.
7. Clear and free access to exits, showers, cleansing stations and emergency
escapes must always be available.
8. All trip hazards must be removed. All work areas and their stations must be kept
clean.
9. Always clean yourself down on leaving the workplace.
10. Under no circumstance should you eat, drink, smoke, or perform any other such
distracting activity when working with hazardous chemicals.

● Hazard Classifications:
1. Very Toxic
2. Toxic (if100g/100ml or more)
3. Explosive
 4. Highly Flammable (if100ml or more)
5. Carcinogen/Possible Carcinogen
6. Mutagen/Possible Mutagen
7. Toxic to Reproduction

● Proper Trapping Techniques

a. To prevent contamination, all lines leading from experimental apparatus to the
vacuum source should be equipped with filtration or other trapping as
appropriate.
b. For particulates, use filtration capable of efficiently trapping the particles in the
size range being generated
c. For most aqueous or non-volatile liquids, a filter flask at room temperature is
adequate to prevent liquids from getting to the vacuum source.
d. For solvents and other volatile liquids, use a cold trap of sufficient size and cold
enough to condense vapors generated, followed by a filter flask capable of
collecting fluid that could be aspirated out of the cold trap.
e. For highly reactive, corrosive or toxic gasses, use a sorbent canister or scrubbing
device capable of trapping the gas.