Comparison between LPFs

Ideal Low pass filter:

 Ideal Lowpass Filter (ILPF) is used for image smoothing in the frequency domain.
 It removes high-frequency noise from a digital image and preserves low-frequency components.
 The filter is applied at the centered spectrum with radius Do.


 The sharp cutoff frequency of an ILPF cannot be realized with electronic components, although
they certainly can be simulated in a computer.
 Ringing effect (Gibbs phenomenon) can be absorbed in LPFs.

Butterworth Low Pass Filter:

 Butterworth Lowpass Filter (BLPF) is used for image smoothing in the frequency domain.
 It removes high-frequency noise from a digital image and preserves low-frequency
components.


  This Do is the transition point between H(u, v) = 1 and H(u, v) = 0, so this is termed
as cutoff frequency.
 But instead of making a sharp cut-off (like, Ideal Lowpass Filter (ILPF)), it introduces a smooth
transition from 1 to 0 to reduce ringing artifacts.
 The higher the filter order, the sharper the discontinuity – it approximates an ILPF.
 At low orders, it approaches Gaussian LPF.
 Steep and tight transition at cutoff needed, BLPF is more suitable

Gaussian Low Pass Filter:

 The filter is applied at the centered spectrum with SD


 H(u,v) = exp(-1/2) = 0.607 when D(u,v) = D0.

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 GLPF profile is not as “steep” compared to BLPF of order 2 for the same value of cutoff
frequency D 0, thus achieves slightly less smoothing.
 Advantage is that GLPF assures no ringing. Important in situations such as medical imaging
where any artifact unacceptable.