Traffic Science TSC1125N

EXAMINATION ANSWER BOOK
STUDENTS TO READ AND COMPLETE

ALL INSTRUCTIONS MUST BE READ PRIOR TO COMPLETING THE EXAM
1. Ensure that your student number is 5. The "examination code" is the
correct. thirteen-letter code of this specific
examination (refer to your question
2. Please note that it is your responsibility paper for this code).
to provide the correct student number.
6. By submitting this examination script,
3. The “qualification" refers to your study you agree to abide by the rules and
program, e.g. Diploma in TMPD regulations related to assessments as
4. The "subject code" is the seven-letter code set and periodically revised by Lyceum
of the subject, e.g. TSC1212 College. Complete the cover of this
script in full.
STUDENT INFORMATION (Please complete this section in full)

SURNAME: NGIDI STUDENT NUMBER: 166625
FIRST NAME(S): THAKASILE NGIDI DATE: 5 AUGUST 2022
REGULAR EMAIL Thakasile72@gmail.com CELL NUMBER: 079 123 1489

ADDRESS:
ID NUMBER: 8702080345088
SUBJECT TSC1125N EXAMINATION

CODE: CODE:
BY SUBMITTING MY EXAM, I CERTIFY THAT:

· I have read the rules and instructions governing the examinations as set out on the inside of this
examination answer book.
· That the information supplied by me in this answer book is correct and valid.
· I undertake to adhere to the procedures, rules and regulations of Lyceum College as published in the
policy documentation.
ASSESSMENT PROCESS (For Office use only):

Q MARKS Q MARKS EXAMINER MODERATOR
NAME: (in lieu of your signature) NAME: (in lieu of your signature)
DATE: DATE:
FINAL MARK: FINAL MARK:
TOTAL:
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© Lyceum College
Private Bag X32074, Braamfontein 2017, Johannesburg, South Africa / Tel: 011 712 2000 Fax: 011 712 2156
E-mail: info@lyceum.co.za / Website: http: //www.lyceum.co.za
_______________________________________________________________________________ Page 2 of 9
© Lyceum College
EXAMINATION INSTRUCTIONS –READ AND FOLLOW METICULOUSLY
1. Candidates who have pre-registered for the exam must log onto myLyceum using their own student
number and password in order to access an October 2020 exam.
2. This Application-Based Exam is unsupervised. The College relies on the integrity and honesty of students.
3. This Alternative / Application-Based or Mini Desktop Research Exam is an open-book examination.
Nevertheless, your submission must be entirely your own work.
4. Candidates must complete the exam themselves and must agree with the declaration on page 1 of this
book. Should the College suspect that someone else has completed the examination on a candidate’s
behalf, they will be disqualified/ awarded 0%.
5. Candidates may not work in groups or consult others.
6. All quotations from paper or online sources must be properly identified and referenced in your work.
7. The College reserves the right to subject a candidate to an additional oral examination should we suspect
any form of cheating.
8. Where copying from a source, collusion with another student, or any other form of dishonesty is found,
this will lead to a mark of 0% for all involved, followed by disciplinary action.
9. The examination will begin at the time and date specified on the latest provisional / personal timetable.
10. Alternative/Application-based and the Mini Desktop Research Examination must be submitted within the
specified time frames. As with all exams, no late submissions can be accepted or marked.
11. It is the responsibility of each candidate to ensure they have access to uninterrupted electricity and
internet as necessary for the exam. The College will not be responsible for any power failures during online
examinations. Candidates are encouraged to make alternative arrangements such as visiting an internet
café or using a power bank in the event that load shedding may occur in your area.
12. Candidates completing the Alternative/Application-based Examination will have 3 hours to download the
paper; and 48 hours to complete and upload their answer, in this document.
13. All candidates automatically receive an extra grace period of twelve hours to accommodate problems with
technology or load shedding during the examination. Therefore, papers downloaded in a morning exam
session, should be uploaded any time before 11PM at night, two days later. Papers downloaded in an
afternoon exam session, should be uploaded any time before 4AM in the morning, two days later.
Do not wait until the very last minute to upload your answer, as no further extension can be given to
compensate for technical or load shedding problems.
14. Read the questions thoroughly.
15. Use the allocation of marks for each question as a guideline on how to structure your answer.
16. Candidates must answer all the questions.
17. Do not use WhatsApp language when answering questions. Such answers will not be marked.
18. Students who have no facility at all for submitting a typed examination may submit a handwritten
examination on the official examination answer book, scanned and uploaded via myClass as shown in the
video. Students are discouraged from choosing this option. Handwritten exams will make the marking
process harder and slower and may prevent us from giving timeous feedback.
19. Candidates that do not have access to myLyceum, must contact the College urgently.
20. Use one examination answer book / file per subject/examination.
21. Complete the examination cover sheet above and make sure that your email address and all
other details are included. These pages must be included in your upload. Do not alter the cover
pages or format of the document in any other way.
22. CLEARLY NUMBER YOUR ANSWERS JUST AS THE QUESTIONS ARE NUMBERED ON THE PAPER.
DO NOT CHANGE THE NUMBERING OF THE QUESTIONS TO THE EXAMINATION.
23. BEGIN YOUR FIRST QUESTION AT THE TOP OF THE NEXT PAGE. LEAVE THREE LINES OPEN
BETWEEN QUESTIONS.
24. DO NOT USE THE RIGHT-HAND MARGIN. THIS IS RESERVED FOR THE MARKER.
25. Format your text in 12 point size Arial font using 1,5 line spacing.
Convert the assignment to PDF online, and upload it to myLyceum.
Any online PDF converter may be used. Versions other than PDF will not be accepted.
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ANSWER ON THIS SIDE
SECTION A
TASK 1:
1.1 The main objective of this functional are is to improve road safety by means
of training, Education and communication. All the role players in road safety
have to consider national, provincial and local projects and actively
participate with their implementation despite the fact that this remains a
primary responsibility of the National Road Traffic Management Corporation.
The activities can be divided into different phases for example traffic training
and education phases, pre-adults phase, adults phase, mass
communication phase.
1.2 Crime prevention however, is a wide concept and allows municipal law
enforcement agencies to establish the frame work within which they will
function. Municipal policing also include the concept. Crime prevention is
the attempt to reduce and deter crime and criminals. It is applied specifically
to effects made by governments to reduce crime, enforce the law and
maintain criminal justice, for examples fraud, theft, illegal possession of
firearms.
TASK 2:
2.1 The main objectives of traffic policing center around ensuring compliance
with legislation, the promotion of traffic flow and to ensure the safety of road
users, the objective of the traffic engineer is to ensure an effective, free flow of
traffic and prevent crashes and accompanying death, injuries as well as
damage to property. Engineers are involve the planning and geometric design
of streets and roads and the economic transport of passengers and freight on
the road infrastructure. By focusing on road design, the traffic engineer restricts
crash risks inherent to the road environment and minimizes the decision-making
process of road users. This is accomplished by means of sufficient signs, road
markings, channelizing traffic on to divided roads, It is very important that there
are continual interaction and co-operation between the traffic engineer and the
law enforcement fraternity. The relevant engineering functions which are
normally performed by traffic law enforcement agencies may include the
following
 Traffic studies and counts
 The erection of traffic signals (traffic robots) road signs and road
markings
 The identification and studying of high frequency accident locations
 The compilation of crash and other diagrams
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 Recommendations in respect of road improvements and

 The implementation of temporary one ways during peak hours
SECTION B
TASK 3:
3.1 The road communication standard is a common language for

communicating information about roads. In human conversation people use the
same language to communicate with each other. Its systems use a common
language called the road communication standard to mutually exchange
information road safety projects.
 Primary school pedestrian programme
 Young road user
 Participatory education techniques
 Leadership champs
 Adults pedestrian
 Church programme
 Road safety and sport
 Peak / Holiday programme
 Marketing and mass communication, The function is primarily geared
forwards traffic safety consciousness by all road users.
 The marketing of traffic safety products and services
 Mass communication directed towards general and specific priority
groups
 Demonstrations and exhibitions at shopping centres, public shows
exhibitions
3.2 Drivers: Over-speeding, rash driving violation of rules, failure to understand
signs, fatigue, alcohol. Pedestrian: Carelessness, illiteracy crossing at wrongs
places, moving on carriageway. It is actually an interaction between a series of
factors that combine or occur at a critical moment that result in the crash. When
considering the interaction between the various causal factors caution should
be exercised before a specific percentage is attributed to the various factors
human vehicle or road environment everyday life examples, fatigue,
drowsiness, emotions, age, the use of alcohol and drugs, driving ability and
behavior. It is clear that there are various causative factors for every traffic
crash. It is also clear that the human elements is the single most important
factor in road crashes. Efforts should be concentrated on the person and his/her
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role in the road environment in order to successfully address the traffic crash
situation.
TASK 4
4.1 The reaction and response times of emergency and medical services are
of the utmost importance for all relevant role players.
 Medical services (Ambulances) The effective treatment and
transportation of injured persons from crash scenes are important
to reduce unnecessary fatalities, injured persons may be
stabilised and removed by means of an effective ambulance
services. Services vary from basic to intermediary and advanced
life support.
 Fire and Emergency Services, Fire and emergency services
generally render a rescue service such as the removal of persons
from vehicle wrecks and the protection of crash scenes from five
hazards and secondary crashes. These services are also
equipped to deal with hazardous chemical spills.
 Vehicle Recovery Services, Vehicle recovery services, although
not always recognised are indispensable at crash scenes as they
play an important role to clean up these scenes. Their
involvement may reduce the risk f secondary crashes by the
removal of the wrecks from the roadway It is important that the
activities of operators are co-ordinated in order not to restrict the
work of crash investigators.
 Traffic Department / Metropolitan police department. Traffic and
metropolitan police departments play an important role in
restoring traffic flow during and after the cleaning up of the crash
scene. Although the investigation of serious and fatal crashes
remains the responsibility of the South African police services.
Certain traffic law enforcement agencies have assumed
responsibility for the investigation of crashes.
 The South African Police Service (SAPS) The South African
Police Services is responsible for investigation of all serious and
fatal traffic crashes. The SAPS is also responsible for traffic
control and the protection of crash scenes, where traffic law
enforcement agencies do not have personnel on duty.
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SECTION C
5.1 The quality of a trip is often measured in terms of speed, while speed
or rather differentiation in speed is also an important factor in crashes, A
speed study will indicate to what extant a speed limit is ignored and
whether a speed limit is realistic. Speed trends can also be determined
by periodical speed studies. A speed study is based on a random
sampling of speeds. The valves observed must be processed statistically
in order to determine the average. Speed the standard deviation and
distribution of speed. When making speed observations, it is important
that equipment and persons should not be visible to an approaching
driver. It also important that the random sample be representative of the
population. Care should be taken against taking random samples of only
the slower and faster vehicles on the road. If the traffic volumes are too
high to measure the speed of every vehicle, it is recommended that say
every fifth vehicle be selected. Various apparatus are available for
measuring speed. The following are commonly used. Stop watches is
used to determine the time takes a vehicle to travel a specific distance.
Radar meters, Radar meters are based on the Doppler principle,
According to which radio waves are transmitted to the moving vehicle.
Laser meters, laser meters overcome the problem of radar meters since
it is possible to measure the speed of a specific vehicle in heavy traffic
conditions. Electronic velocity meters, these velocity meters utilize
pneumatic tubes or electronic cables to measure speed over a short
distance. Electronic speed observation, this apparatus utilizes induction
loops which are placed either on or underneath the road surface to
measure the presence of vehicle.
5.2 Traffic control devices are introduced to ensure that an acceptance

level of traffic safety is attained by the orderly and predictable movement
of all traffic, inclusive of vehicles and pedestrians at all levels of the road
network. The most commonly used traffic control devices are traffic
safety cones are most common traffic device that you will see near
construction zones or other areas of immediate danger, Traffic cones are
often used to divide traffic lanes, divide opposing traffic lanes, and offer
short-term maintenance and utility work. Traffic barricades, traffic
barricade is a portable or fixed device that comes in variations with one
to three rails and appropriate markings, this traffic control device is used
to control traffic by closing, restricting, or delineating the right of way for
vehicles. The functions of traffic control devices include the following:
 The control of traffic indicating right of way
 Warn road user’s hazards
 Direct traffic by indicating direction, distance
 The provision of additional information to road users
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TASK 6
6.1 The capacity of a specific road is influenced by various factors that

must be taken into consideration in capacity calculations.
 Freeways
 Design speed and poor design standards reduce capacity
 Number of lanes
 Lane width and lateral clearance to obstructions along the
road
 Terrain (flat, rolling, mountainous)
 Length and gradient of inclines
 Heavy vehicles (buses, trucks)
 Driver behaviour (behaviour of local drivers from that of
holiday makers who are not familiar with the road network).
 Multi-lane roads
 The same factors apply as for freeways and
 In addition, a distinction is made between divided and
undivided roads, as well as between rural and suburban roads
 Two-lane two-way roads

 Type of terrain
 Extent of barrier lines
 Division of vehicles in the two directions of movement
 All these factors relate to the opportunity vehicles have to
overtake slower moving traffic and
 Apart from this, lane width, the width of the useable shoulder,
inclines and traffic composition are also applicable
 Weaving areas
The factors used in the analysis of weaving areas are
basically the same as for freeways, but specific attention is
also given to the following aspects:
 Volume of traffic that performs a weaving movement
 Number of lane changes required to complete the weaving
manoeuvre
 Number of lanes in weaving area and
 Length of weaving area
 Traffic signals
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Although there are a large number of factors such as parking

And the presence of bus stops which are sometimes taken
into consideration in the analysis of the capacity and level or
service of traffic signals, the following factors are adequate in
order to make a good estimate
 All turning movement volumes
 The lane lay-out on all approaches
 Traffic composition (% heavy vehicles) and
 Traffic signal settings
 Stop street
The capacity of a stop street is usually influenced by three
Factors;
 Traffic volume on the main road
 Number of lanes and operating speed on the main road
 Lane layout on side street (which is controlled by the
stop or yield sign
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EXAMINATION ANSWER BOOK

STUDENTS TO READ AND COMPLETE

STUDENT INFORMATION (Please complete this section in full)

FIRST NAME(S): THAKASILE NGIDI DATE: 5 AUGUST 2022

REGULAR EMAIL Thakasile72@gmail.com CELL NUMBER: 079 123 1489

SUBJECT TSC1125N EXAMINATION

BY SUBMITTING MY EXAM, I CERTIFY THAT:

ASSESSMENT PROCESS (For Office use only):

FINAL MARK: FINAL MARK:

ANSWER ON THIS SIDE

 Recommendations in respect of road improvements and

3.1 The road communication standard is a common language for

5.2 Traffic control devices are introduced to ensure that an acceptance

6.1 The capacity of a specific road is influenced by various factors that

 Two-lane two-way roads

Although there are a large number of factors such as parking

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