The Complete Home Networking Manual > | i i@ Ty oa XN \ ’ ) \ oY a) / ; - r a3 wc The essential step-by-step guide to mastering your home network and smart devices Piva a) Ue nM Foyer a ada)1 \D AMAZING APPS & GAMES INSIDE} = we a. Head over to your web browser and follow these simple instructions... 1/ Enter the following URL: www.pelpublications.com/exclusives 2/ sign up/in and from the listings of our exclusive customer downloads, highlight the Tech Shopper Magazine option. 3/ Enter your unique download code (Listed below) in the “Enter download code” bar. 4] Click the Download Now! Button and your file will automatically download. 8/ Your file is a high resolution PDF file, which is compatible with the majority of customer devices/platforms. PCL37862RE NOTE This is limited reader offer running from Ist January 2025 to Ist September 2023 Terms and conditions apply and can be found at www.pelpublcationscomThe Complete Networking Manual Your home network is constantly under pressure to serve volumes of data to your computers, smart TVs, games consoles and more. While most of the time they work without too much hassle and interference, there are times When the router will drop its connection to the Internet, or your Wi-Fi stops working altogether. These are the times when knowing a little bit more about how it all works will help save you a lot of headaches - mostly from other members of the family! This book will help you get to grips with the technology involved in creating your network. What equipment is needed, and what it does, and how you can get the best from every piece of the networking puzzle. Inside you'll discover how best to setup a home network, how to improve it, and how to secure it. There are sections on protecting yourself online, how to avoid viruses and malware, how to encrypt your data, how to recover from a digital disaster, and how to become more Internet and social media aware ‘and secure. There are in-depth guides on using a Virtual Private Network, ‘advanced tips and tricks on Windows networking commands, and how to protect your data when out and about. if you want to improve your networking, and digital security knowledge, then this is the book for you. £5) Papercut www.pclpublications.comHOME\NETWORKING 8 YourHome Network 10 Routers: How do they work? ‘6 _ Introduction to Home Networking, 12 Switches: What are they, howdo they work? 14 WiFi: Whatisit,how doesit work? 16 Powerline Adapters: Extend Your Network 18 Network Extenders: What ae they, how do they work? 22 Benefitsofawireless Network 24 Makinga Plan 26 Wireless to Wired and Back Creatinga Wireless Backbone 28 Improving WiFi Security oe OCMC auto ~~ 30 Getting the most from Wired Networks 32 BenefitsofaWired Network 34 Toolsand EquipmentNeeded 36 HowtoWireand Ethemet Cable 38 Installing YourWired Network. Networkingaan Entertainment System The Google Home Collection Google Home First Time Setup 48 AllAbout Google Stadia ad > oo o—d6h CPW SO °2e¢ @@ @.-Same 52 Combat Network Issues 112 Howto Secure Yourselfon Twitter 54 Windows Networking Command Cheat Sheet 414 How to Secure Yourselfon WhatsApp 56 _LinuxNetworking Command Cheat Sheet 116 What to Avoid when Creating a Password 58 Troubleshooting Your WiFi Network 118 Password Generators and Tools 120. Top Ten Password Managers 122 ShoppingOnlineand Security 124 HowtoRemovea Virus or Malware from a Windows PC 60 Troubleshooting Your Wired Network Rasa eal 64 Typesof Security Risk 66 Hackersand You 68 TheVirusTop Ten 70 BeSmart 72 Setting Up Windows Security 74 WhyUpdatingis important 76 Whatto Keep Updated and How . 78 Howto Secure Your Web Browser 80 Howto Secure Your Home Network Coes 7 82 Whatare Wireless Security Standards? 4128 Windows Privacy Settings 84 — Howto Secure Your Wireless Network 130 Howto Check which Apps are Sending information 86 Whatis Encryption? 132 Whatisa Firewall? 88 Encrypting Your Windows Laptop 134 Improvingthe Windows Firewall 90 Top Ten Encryption Tools for Windows 136 Creatinga Security lan 92 WhatisaVPNn? 138 Windows Security Checklist 94 HowCanaVPN Improve Windows Security? 140 Whatisa Sandbox? 96 —TopTenVPNs 142 RunningWindowsasa Sandbox 98 —_Usinga VPN for Added Security and Privacy 144 InstallingVirtualBox 1146 Installing Windows in VitualBox 4148 Creating VirtualBox Snapshots of Windovis 150 CreatingaWindows Recovery Drive 152 Howto Back Up Windows 154 How toCreate a Windows System Image 156 Extreme Windows Lockdown Tips 158 Cyber&Windows Quiz 160 Whatthe Experts Say eo @ CM eed 102 HowDoes Information Move Around the Internet? 104 HowCan Intemet Data be intercepted? 106 _10Tipsto Protect Yourself Against Interception 108 Howto Secure Your Devices. Aa COT-] ste) aa 1-11) 110 HowtoSecure Yourself on Facebookroduction to Home Networking Your Home Network Your home network is something most of us don’t even consider when we power on our devices and computers and surf the Internet; however, there's more to it than you think. How do we get on the Internet? How do we print from all our devices? How does it all work? Let's have a look. Consider the average user they contact an internet Service Provider (SP),sign up for broadband deal, andin day or two they receive theirrouter through the post. This they hook upto their exiting telephone tne, power up, then walt as the lights on theroutertum a certain colour indicating that a connection is made They canthen turn on their computer or device, locate the Service Set entier (S810, therouter'sname), enter the wireless password and connect tothe Intemet. _After that, they tend to forgetallabout the routerand what's geingon. Unless theresa problem then usually {qickreboot ofthe router wil soe the issue “AE timetolearn a itie about how networking works, thenyoulldiscoverthat you're able to got more out of your network This Includes better speeds, more capability suchas setting upahome entertainment _sjstom, better security, and yout beable to ‘quickly diagnose any problems should they ever aris. Inshert, creating and msintaninga good homenetwerk will make your digta and online ie significantly better inthe long un. Getting the most from your network Wile you may think yournetworkis running perfect fie, there are Undoubteclyareasofimprovement. These ares include suring the Internet online gaming, watching streaming video services, watching contention multiple devices around the ome, being able to get acess to yournetwerk rom the extremities of yourhome or garden, and more. All these elementscan be enhanced on itsust knowing hat to tweak and howto get the most from what you have available Before we begin tolook at how toimprove your network itswonthnting thatyoudohavea physical imiton what you can achieve. There's only so much bandwidth avalableto your home from your SP, sowhileyou can streamline your access tothe inemet, you'renot going tobe able to increase that imi. Likewise the data that moves around yourhome willalo ita physical iit. Most wireless devices wilfind thefastst possible connection to your outer, and wired devices (using an Ethernet cable), and computers willcommunicate at ther 100M or 1000s (or Gb/s I's possibleto improvethe connection, but nt increase the imitsof the actual hardware, good rule ofthumb to always remember hen networking, ether ona home network office networks orthe contre Internet thatthe connection speed sonly as fasts the slowest componenton the network} N Cee (its te OI ee eee Ce cece (a pail co now CORE ane fe er ee een eer Ct eee ee tee een ee eer ey CC Ce ey Pe et eee Ne Ee on ee POL etey ee ir Home Net Eee ey eee ee eae a Oe J creas es Sees, ees Eenso.usingthesimpiied ca ee eee ete ey eae Fete ETE sks ee ey eee eee eee 1 Pees een eet See. Coo | eee ae) ene Oe ee Dee ee. ee eee te eee B/sec, whereas witha gigabit Ethernet steer ports onthe ee eee your heme networkwwth a See pene Pe ee note Oe ee et ey eee Ce ad Se ee ee See eee eee tee asIntroduction to Home Networking Routers: How do they work? Every Internet connected home, office, and multi-site megacorporation in the world uses a router to connect to the Intemet. The router is the bridge that gaps your home network to the wider world of the internet, as well as being the hub of all your connected devices. -Arouteris simply a piece of hardware that's designed to interconnect ‘one network to another. They can be used to connect two individual office networks together, so the teams in each can share resources but ‘more specifally,interms ofthe home use, they reused to connect all ‘your deviesto each other and ultimately the Internet. Routers come invarious shapes and sizes, offering many features with some ofthe higher end models offering more. Typically a route, theone youlreeiefomyourISP when you sgn upto a broadband deal willbe able todo the following Connect to the Internet Yourrouter wilfunction asa bridge between yourcomputer andthe InternetviathelSP's network What this means, youriS® has sentyou device that's configured to access their network, so when you connect itat home, til bein to transmitand receive datato and from your computer an the ISP. The SP itself wilhaveits own connection tothe Internet, avery bigone, nd willshare that bandwidth out with ltt customers Withyou being a customer, you'll gta share of bandwidth ‘equalto the broadband package you're paying fr Assign Individual IP Addresses to Connected Devices (One. the outers primary funcionsisto allocate IP addresses. An IP adéressis a unique network identifier that allows communication acress ‘the network every computerconnectd to the ntemet has aunique \Padkdress. These addresses workinmuchthe same vay 36.2 postal adress they contin the information needed to get to whee they te goingand where toretum, ‘There aretwotypesofiP address the fistsIPut: IP uses 32 binary bits tocreate a singe address onthe network. An Ped address expressedby fourrumbers separated by dots. Each numbers the decimal representation fran eight digitbinay number alsocalled anoctet. For ‘example: 192.168.1150 1P6 uses 128 inary bitsto create single unique address onthe network An PY6 address is xpressed by eight groups ofhexadecimal numbers separated by colons 3s in 2900:237:87:d1OL:8al:c3d7-baTes bb. Groups of numbers that contain all zeros are omited to save space ‘when viewing the adress leavinga double-olon separator to mark the sap, suchas fest tfetSd115. Eachof yourdevicesathome willconectto the router, andthe router willallocate an Pvt and Pus acdressfromits available poolof adresses. The outer self has its oun Padres which tconnects tothe SP with, ‘ofwhich he ISP llhave purchased large groups of P address frm the |ANA Internet Assigned Numbers Author) Form a Layer of Security to Protect Your Home Network ‘Yourrouterwilcontain a bultin firewall, whichis designed tohelp stop unwanted accessto the devices on yourhome network Forexample, hacker from the interetil nedto get pat your routers frewall security before that can access your home network Offer Wireless Connectivity to Devices Cutan oviousne this The outer have bul protocols aniennaeto communicate and allocate Padressestoany wireless devices that have cleared the password stage, _ABuiltn Sth, so Multiple Devices can Connect via Ethemet Cables Most routers wl featurea four-part switch (more on switches later) that allows multiple wired computers and devices connection tothe route ‘Thesuitchillautomaticaly sense thenetworkspeedofthedevice connected and communicate with taccordngy Network Address Translation (NAT) eco des Translation transatesthePaddessesofomputers inthe home netorktoasngleP acres That singe Pacresispart the isPsrange of adresses Basal, NA conserves the numberof public adresses used within an ognisition and tatows foster coniolofacessto esourceson bth eso theater For example, advice inside a network makes arequest toa computeron thelnteret Routers within the networkrecognise thatthe request isnot fora resource inside the network, s they send the request tothe firewall, ‘Thefrewall sees the request from the computer wth theintemallP.t Routers: How do they work? Cal then makes the same equestto the ntemet using its ‘wn public adress, and returns the response fom the Intemet resource tothe computer inside the private network From the perspectvecf the resourceon the Internets sendinginformationto the addressof the rewal rom the perspective ofthe workstation, it appears that communicationiscrecty withthe siteon the nteret When NAT used in thisway, al users inside the home neworkacess the Inte with the same publilP address. That mans only one public addressis needed for hundreds or even thousands of uses Resource Sharing As theroiter connects al the devices tothe same natok thay al abletintercommuniate with eachother andtheeoesharresoures For eal alldevcescan it toyour har’ networid rit Parental or Safety Controls More madem routers now offer beter parental const help cu the amount of te younger people have accesstothe intent. No, they canbe used to limit the websites that younger people can have acessto Port Forwarding Por foruaringsanther bind the scones rocesthat theoutar tates on interes tfc oan fom home networked devices tothe interna can eect themtoa specif device on the network ‘Alnetworkconnections include a port number, Pot 8 isused or HTTP requests, and these ports define whatthe service's For example, if youwanttohosta Minera server, you would need toallowoutsde Minecrafeusers access to your server. They would connect to your Router'sIP address and the specific Minecraftport, which ells the router what computer ishostng the Minecraftserver. Upgradable Firmware As telecommuicatonsprotcos advance, anda secuyfowsar screed an SP hs sponsbiltytenurtatalithe routers Rhassencouto customers are uptodate. The Pcandothisby automaticly parading stwareon theroute called the fimware. The new fear wicontinupdetespatchesand upgradesto security and wil add new features and improvementstothe routerke) Introduction to Home Networking Switches: What are they, how do they work? Most modern routers contain at least a four-port switch built into the back of the unit. These ports allow for physical, Ethernet connection to the router from networked devices. But what are they, and how do they work? Suites come in many snes Some are uite “jy, smal offering just afew ports to connect iy, svete sd ly by Zz companies, canhave ensof ports. Inthesimplest terms, aswitch enables multiple computers toconnectto anetworkusing F aphysicalcable,called an = Ethernet cable (orRJ45 cable Each computerisconnectd tothe ‘snitch, aed matte switchescan be connected o eachother: Thisallows "hundreds of computers lt'ssay on the florof an office bulding, tobe connected tothe Roorsabove and below, aswell as tothe company/'sservers and routers Sites also come witheliferent backbone speeds, whichis the physical limithe datacan travel toand from each ofthe ports. These speeds range rom 10b/s t01006b/s The most popular, anltheone that’s likely buitinte your routes 1Gb/s although 100Mb/s sil possbleto find on some routers. While Etheretisthe primary connection port ype, alotof switches wilalso have fibre portconnectons too, wich is much {aster Thsallows multiple svtchesto connect to eachother and forma, inch faster bandwidth backbone connection, ‘The primary fnetionof a switchs to transport data around the network, usualy rom areas ofthe networkthat are outof each from ts core For ‘example, youcan haveallyourcomputersconnected to yourrouter's switch, butifyou wantthe computersupstars connected, youl need to factorina witch, You would aseaswitch with the required number cof ports, use one ofthe portsfora cable that will un downstairs tothe routersswitch, then connect your upstairs computersto the new sitch, ‘You've now crated a mult-svitch networks the one upetsirsiscannected tothe witch thats bultinto the router and allthe computers can happily sain accessto the networkanlthe Internet ‘That’sa very simplistic example, butts nt toodiferentfrom how a ‘cal. worldskuaton will work nthe ofce you would have matile Neos, teams rooms and soon. ach ofthese probably has is own such, which is inturnconnectedto the main switch that the company's servers re connected to. Naturally dependingon thesia ofthe company and bow‘many computers, printers and soon are connected tothe network the setup can quickly become quit lage molving many switches across ‘mulile loos andeven buildings. Managed Networks Aoother core function of asvtch sto manage the network, Thismens that svitchiscapablofbuitinga mapoftscomected devices, and crsngthat the comect dats sent tothe comect devicein as ite tine as posible, anda cleanly as possible bythe shortest route. ‘A good example isifcomputerA needs to send something to Computer B.Both computers arelocatedinclfferent partsofthenetwork.Aswitch Isabletomonitor and deliver the data package rom computer directly tocomputerB without havingtointerogate anyother connected dviee ‘onthe system. Should computer orB be moved inthe future the switch Can nteligetlaltertsunderstanding ofthe location ofthe devices and change the route accordingly; building amap ofthe network for beter ceficieneyand avoiding packetcolisons onthenetwork, which wil ‘realy degrade the overall speed ofthe network. “The typesoswtches found bultint outers are usta unmanaged, but thisdoes"t mean they don’t managethe network tosome sal degre ‘An unmanaged switch il stil automaticaly earn and map the network, _voidingcolisions by routing dat toitsintended devices, the ust wont feoturesome of more conplexelementsofamanagedsvitch. Switches at Home you have no wireless devices inyour home then using switches to connectalthe computerson the ntworkisyourbest bet. Auitch oul therefore be positioned upstairs fedingto the builtin sitchin ‘the router another could be located inthe garage, fedingtothe router, ‘and anothercould bein your shed atthe bottom ofthe garden, again {feeding into the router. The router willow be lackingin ports, <0 one ‘more switch or the dovnstars wllsatisy any computers connocted| li, Been tere nis os “ny, senatoveveting’s “y, connected teach (Switches: What are they, how do they work? Cal fee Pree et eee te ee eee ee ee ee aeons ts entre EM Est eee ce er eee See eee een Sea eee eee ee repeated asitflowsin.Arepeaterhub can therefore only receive See ene ee eee) ee ees eee) eee tet dware Seen ee es See eee eee eae Se ee ee ee eed ee eee cd Ceres Alayer3 switch can performsomecr allofthe functions normally Poets ey See nar Sees ee eo ee ee oe ee Lone _ PSE firewall, Virtual Private Network connection or higher-level forms aoe Qe “A ur “om nyWi-Fi: What is it, how does it work? It's not that long ago when wireless communications across the network was akin to witchcraft Atthe time we had coaxial cables networking everything, then Ethernet, and then Wi-Fi began to emerge, and it was utterly brilliant. We take WEF and wireless connectivity for granted these days. Thephone that most cofuscarry around, with its or Bluetooth parte another devices simply an amazing piece of technology. As we saidin the into, itwasn'allthatong ago when connecting to anetworkovera a wireless setup was simply out of the question. Wile thas exited since the ery seventies as UHF wirees packet rtwotkng wasn't worth he exorbitant ot ofintallaion, ep and maintenance. But WF, hich stands for Wireless Fly, has ‘come long ayia shor tie, Inessonce, as you steady suspect, Wi Fils witelessconnectaitythe ability to connec toa network and therefore the internet wees. ts ast protocols and data packet exchanges hat enable aPC, laptop, tablet and soon to connectrecty toa routerorother Aeros Point using a number of available radio equencies. ability tw connect to anetwork, These frequencies ange from 900M, through tothe 3.6GHe,4.96He, Sl, 96H, and 60GH bands; and are caledchannels. They use a set of protocolscalled IEE 802.11, and spinto standards such a¢a,b, :n,ac andax, These standards basally denote the age ofthe wireless vic, where 82.11 was the fist standard ad createdin 1997, 802.110 camenet in 1998, then 802 1b, 892.11g, 802.11, 802.13a¢ and finally 802.11 You can also get 202.11 and 602.LLady, butthese are reserved for higherratecommurications. Each ofthese standards connect to wireless nt access point such as your outer, at deren speeds, 2.4GHz sthe most commonconnection channel and cancterup a theoretical speed of js, Dualband WeFidevices areableto connecton both 24GHE nd Ste channels, and have 9 maximum throughput of up 07Gb/s{althoughin theory. sidan hie 12Gb) nyWith WiFibeing constantly updated, there are equent increasesin the connection sped between wireless devices. Generally an accepted improvement from one wireless standard tothe nextoften means a perfomance increase of around 30a 40 from the previous generation standard. There ae other factors at worktoo, suchas MU-MIMO (Multi User Multiple input, Mutiple Output, which nceasesthe number of antenna ina route fr transmitting and receiving dats, thus improving the capacity for witless connections Working with Wi-Fi Ais Firouterworksby converting the netwarcommuniatios signals ito rao waves thentransmitngthem arundel cretngtsown smalLocaea Network hich icidetaly sy itscaled WLAN, Wises Locale Network. a “ae Devices that can pick up and receive the adi signal, such asatablet ‘orphone, are ableto connect the WLAN and decode the radio waves backinto readable form of network communications The paver of ‘the routers Wi Fist very strong, and doosnthavea otf range, but independ onthe fequencybeingused astohow faryou'reableto ‘communicate witha router Forexample,a24GHzbandcanreach upto round 150 feet, and'ScHscan reach even futher. However, asrouters are placedinsde curhomesthere's alot ofinteference forthe signlto get ‘through. Walls, doors andl even some furniture no, Christmas lights don't affect your WF) ill apy degrade the signal, so while the theoretical lstances sound good at several hundred fet, in realty youllbe lucky to _geta good signal within thirty tofory feet of your router. ‘Ontop ofthat, the signal willbecome weaker thelongerthe distance, and ielstarttodop in power very quickly too, Due to this, yourrouter needs te have several antennaein orderto transmit and receive the signal, and they need tobe ‘powerful eroughto push tha signals fara posible beforet naturally start todop. Interestingly one ofthe ey festures of keepingthe signa ascleanas possible wascreated as aby-productof alld cexparimentto detect exploding miniblack holes the size ofan atom parte; and was Invented by an Australian ado astronomer called ‘John o'ulivan, together with his colleagues Terence Percival, Graham Daniels Dit Osty and John Deane. The Future 1n 1928, Nikola Tesla thoorisel the World Wireless System’ and he sid, “We shallbe able to communicate with one another instantly, mespectve of dstance. Not ony this, but through television and telephony we shal see and hear one another as perfectly as though we were face toface, despite intervening distances of thousands of mils; and the instruments ‘through which we shallbe able todo his wil be amazingly simple compared with aur present telephone. Aman willbe able tocaryonein his vest pocket” Tesla may havehad hisow personal demons to bat, butyou haveto admitthe man was pretty muchon te ball. But what oes the future hol for Wi? ‘sheen tongthought that thefutureof WF be tighter frequencies, but with cetraoidiarly boosted power. This entra power vill beable tocutthrough most oftheobstacles that facecurent WF frequencies, and throughthe sect more secure roaminghotspots, \wellbe permanently connectedto aW-i network swe move around, ‘There are even conceptsbeing worked onby ‘communications companies to eventually remove wired telephony, an Instead ourhome routers ill communicate directly va WiFitothe ISP. Ofcourse althats some yearsf Until then,wellenoy the ever Increasing speeds of WEF anditseaseofusein ourhomes. rome wating (_ Wi-Fi: Whats it, how does it work? Ca=D Introduction to Home Networking er an Powerline Adapters: Extend Your Network Ifyour home network doesn’t reach the furthest corners of your house, maybe because some rooms are too far from the router, or a thick stone wall blocks your Wi-Fi signal, powerline adapters area potential solution. But what are they, and how do they work? ‘There are many reasons why yourhome Wi networkdoesn'treach into every partof your house. The outer’ wireless signal might nothave therangeto geo the furthest roome, or the walls might be very thick and heavy, which makes it ficult for Wil to penetrate Somaybe you need tomake a cabled connection toone ofthe router's Ethemet ports, butdon't want trailEthemet cables through the house. Powerline adapters are a potential solution frextending both your wirles and ‘abled network using your home's electrical cabling as data cables. [Apowerline adapter it comeswithat leat two plug adapters, which aresmalldevces that pluginto your electrical sockets. They usually have atleastone Ethernet port, and they might alo have WiFi access points and“through ports, whereby you can plugan electrical device into the adapter, and thus use itwithoutlosinga socket. One of these lugs shouldbe fted near your router Plugs with through ports are very useful here 35 you can plug the powerline device nto the mains, ‘then plug the routerino the powerline adapter. An themet cable — ‘which should be supplied with your powertine adapter kit- should be used toconnect the adaptrto the router. The second powerline adapter should be positioned elsowhere inthe house, somewhere your curtenthome network antreach, litle more seting up might be necessary, probably using fre software supplied bythe powertine adapters manufacturer, When youre done, the two powetine adapters ‘communicate wth each other and can transfer data between them, Hone eng ae Uusingthe household etectcal cabling asdata cables. the adapter that'snot connectedto your router offers Wireless Access Pint, WiFi enabled device can connectto it and get online (and alzo onto your local network, ofcourse, by connecting wirelessly tothe powerline adapter. Thisadapter then connects tothe router's powertine adapter, through the houses electricalcables, and thus to the router tsounds complicated, butitsnt just works Cabled Connectivity Wile mostntere devices connect your rer sng fr some things you might prefer acabled connection Agumesconsoe for example right benefit om the addtional stability offered by there adiour TV shows regular butler de to congested wos network, uegngnan thrnet able might sche your problems, Kyourrouter ‘Is close enough to the device in question, there's no problem; simply, connec the twowthan Ethernet cable Unfortunate sistent thecaseTheconsclorSmart TV might bea log distance frome router quite pssibyn a erentroomentely Thisiswher powering dapescomein handy Instead of walling Ethernet cables through the house, and citing holes in ‘the wallsto passthem through to the next room, youcanusea powerine adaptor satup With an adapter connected to your router, you simply need to plugthe second untnearthe devze you want to connect throughEthernet. You then connect the console, TV, video streamer or other such ‘device tothe nearby powerine adapter ith another Ethemet cable. Your house's electrical cables are used asa continuation of Ethemet, nd your device enjoys a cabled connection to your router Wireless Connectivity Problems whirls networking are common and are usualy cased by he outer ot reaching the furthest comersof your hae, cetng blac molds houses heavy bck walsmight edie heroes wiles ach Whatever thereasn fou need wessconecsiyin a place wher your Fneberkisweak or even abe youcanuse powern adapters it ound the problem With apowetine adapter that offers airless Access Point, ou can make WF connection othe adapter which reaches the router trough the ther powetine adapter and your household eletrty cables. Datalssent between the adapterconnectedto yourrouter andthe one positioned ina \Wi.Fiblackspot, nary oominthe house. fycur powerline adaptors offer Nerney Ce ee eee ees ey similardesign, eee et ater ee ee eee et alt eee pter without losing an elect Ree eer ene ee eee ee eae eee eee eee etc eet eee ene ‘mesh WF its completely seamless. Theres no neeto disconnect your ‘wireless device rom the routerandreconnact othe powerline adapters \WiFrasyou move around the house, asi done automatically Adding More Adapters Having et upyourfstw powerine adapters ont ontherouterandthe cthersomewhereesinthe house, youcan add moeiyou wish They allconnecttothe rots anda cachothe roughyourhome decal cables Some powerine adapter packs contain more thantwo adapters tobegin wih, butifoursdoesnt youcan aways by more units anda themtoyournetwork needed Intheearly days ofpowerine adapters, almost aldevices conformed to ‘the HomePlug AV standard You could therefore mis and match adapters ‘rom diferent manufacturers, as they were allompatibe witheach other This ess tru today, asalsorts of iferent standards have sprung up. Me recommend, therfore, that youstickto the same brand when adding more plug to your powerine adapter network, Prot Cee ee Thesamep ne Cet eee ee ete eee eee eee Powerline Adapters: Extend Your Network Caloe) Introduction to Home Networking Network Extenders: What are they, how do they work? Ifthe cabling option, together with powerline adapters, doesn’t work for you, then you can easily ‘expand the reach of your Wi easy to setup. Network extenders fallunderdiffrentnames, depending on whe youtalk oor what company, isselingthem. They canbe called wireless extenders, signal boosters, WFirange extenders and soon, buteffectively, they alldo the same thing: extend the signalof your available WiFi network, Mosthouses withave one or more dead ones, where the Wi Fisignal from the router drops tothe pointof being vituall/useless Asweve mentioned previously, the Wi signal isaslavetoitservironment andcan be affected by walls funiture, microwave ovensandallother manner ofobjects we regulaty use throughout the home. you have your router inthe font room of your house, for example then the upstairs back bedroom may provetobe one such dead zone, due tothe Wi signalhavingto get ‘through several alls and aloo. i network by utilising wireless extenders. They're cost-effective and Anetworkextecer can solve that issue by acting as bre between the devices needing acces, andthe oute'severneakening W-Fi signal ‘There are diferent formsof netwerkextenderavalable butthe vast ‘majority are similar to that of powerline adapter: a plugin device Yourneed to plug the networkextender Into ree electrical socket, use wy ern ws) e Its accompanying software to locate tandconnectitto your exiting WF network ‘and away you go. While 1 powered up andthe network sup and running it willextond your WiFi signal by asfaragainas the routers signal, thus giving you access to ‘even the most obscure comersof your house and property.Mesh «@ Mshis term thats ow being used together withalotofWiFirouters SF Manyroutersthesedays - 12:59 PM Settings Wi-Fi Wi-Fi v Hidden Wi-Fi Network ‘[ENCRYPTION - WEP, WPAand WiPA2 areal encryption types for rls etivors, WEPIsthe weakest so ensurethat our routers tracking data onits nemorkwiththestengest pes encryption-WPA2 Donte tempted to go forest support elderharware Mode: (80211 bigin ¥ Security Mode: | WPA2-PSK (AES) Open sky) WEP 68 (sky) WEP 128 (sky) WEAPSK (TklP) WRAPSK (AES) WEA2PSK (TKIP) Channel Selection: Channel: Network Password: WpAWPA2-PSK (TKIP/AES) (recommended NNotwork Password: ‘TURN IT OFF - Ifyou re notat home, or you're any forawhile (maybe onhoiday, then tum of yourroute fits netneeded, such _asremote access the heating contesor secur cameras tuming tffsthe best orm af sect ince anecanhacksomethng that sn powered, ‘USE MAC ADDRESS FILTERING - Every networkinterfacehasa unique identifier known as a MAC (Media Access Code) address, regardless of whether computer tablet games console. your router ‘supports MACfiterng you can obtain the MAC adressesfor each device ac ‘enter them nto therauer Ory those devices willbe abet connect MAG Filtering MAC Fitering Setigs Source UAC Aaaress Fitenng: Poly for MAC Acaesses Listed Below @ Block nd Alow the Rest ‘ow ana Bloktne Rest Enavie Oresut foune (tte | 0a STATICP ADDRESSES By defauityourroterillaocatelP adeeessesto ay connactingdeviceout ofan avalable poo you remavethis feature and use your oun adresses, then anyone tying to gain access won have an address to see the rest of your netork fa ———S aeet a ud ROUTER POSITION -Route postions just forthebest pessble signal Limiting the router tothe mile ofthe house wil beneitntjustyourwielessnetwerk broadcast but twas iit acrssto the signalflom beyond thewallsof your home. ry i BTGEEDD Mowror Your FIREWALL-Ws2 goodiceata esp tabs on \what'sbeing ated to your router and computers rewals Wtsnoteasy butnotimpossblefor malelous content to secretly add areute ‘trough frewalforhackersto gin en oa networkGETTING THE MOST FROM WIRED aa fe) Ue ne aaiseee a cee cece ences ee eee] wired network setup. A wired network is on the whole faster, more durable and not subject to range or obstacles. However, it does come with a few caveats. Wires can be messy, soyou'll need to plan outyour wired setup, Enea Muerte Masaru’ cables, using specialised tools. However, with this chapter you'lllearn how to deal with all these elements, and more. rom planning, to cabling, we'll help you get the most from ‘wired network setup.¢ (Getting the most from Wired Networks CE ronennctine IEES Getting the most from Wired Networks Benefits of a Wired Network Wireless s a much simpler and neater process to opt for when setting up your network, however, wired networks offer just as many benefits. Here are ten good reasons as to why wired may be better than wireless. FRSYSane RD RELIABILITY AND sraBILITY-When configured ond FSM SR ER) SPEED overa wired networks are faster than wiles. sup propery, wired networkls incredibly dependable, Wiles componentsonanetworkmay be advertised at though wrelesstechnologes are alvaysimprong youlipobablyfinda__speedsfater than 1Ghs, butother factors havea negatve affect on those wired networkmore table and reliable overtime. speeds Wired there can operate at 16s rom one computer tothe next. FENESIERD NOINTERFERENCE-Wvrelessnetwortsawayshaveto RENNER) SECURITY Airless network oul potentially have ‘contend with other elements ins envronment sch as someone net culty hacking inte your network. tha wal otherwirelessnetwors, mirors and even waterinashtank Avited —_ wirednetwork they would ned tobe physically pluggedin tothe networkin network ossn’thavethose ess. True, jouwouldnrunthecablettraugh order ogain acess tots resources, abody of water-butit’s posse wih therghtcabing ——— i Hone ongFSS DIGRD SCCURITY-Awirclesenetwork could potently have semeone neat quel hacking into your nator, With» wired network, they would need tobe phys plugged into thenetworkin order to gain accesstoRsresources FRSSSRGRD P= -Power verEthemetisa benetthats often ‘overlooked with wired networks POEs the ability er the suite ta cary an cecal suppl to a desl on the network, suchas an cess pont, ecu camera andsoon FRNA UPCRADEABLE-1uthavirecnetnor, any suites, owetne adopter ortheroutercanealybe upgraded ‘thou the need to vist every component onthe network to reconfigure. Thissavera tof onthepartof the use y N Benefits of a Wired Netwo! FESS RCRD Ncreo1e1e eacksone sPeEDS- you wanted, you coud install ied netwerkthat has abackbone speed of upto 10Gb, using fre channels. This speeds incre but the ovine that itean costo an arm and ale. However, second hand bre svitches are alwaysbeing sod somewhere. FESR toNceR DISTANCES wired networks canbe setup over longer distances than wielessretwotks.AsingeEthermet ‘cablohas, ought, working mit 100 metres Soyeucanhave two ‘teh, 109m apart, and the networks sound, To dothe same for wheess wouldtakecourtless extenders nd nodes, FSM SSREED SeTTERcONTROL with avireessnetworkyoucoule ikl there are countless devices having access to your network. ith wired, though, you have better cotrolasto what has access and whenitcan access the neonEz Getting the most from Wired Networks Tools and Equipment Needed Ifyou're considering going down the wired networking route, then you'll need a number of tools and equipment. Some of these are essential f you're making your own cables, others not so much, but still handy to have around should you need them. Fee E CABLE Youre bestot purchasing cat (Category 6), Ethernet cable instead of ats or Cat, Cats fe, but Cate ofers better sleldng against electromagnetic disturbances. Cas unnecessary at ‘thehiome networking level. Around 100 metres of Cats canbe purchased for und £35, dopendingon where yeu shop. BTSIEED F245 cRIMP TOOL -Inordertocasp the cableend tothe cable, tomake a good connection, youl need an RS Crimp Teal Again pices do vary, and don’ always go forthe cheapest mode as ‘hey canbreak quckly. However, theyre not expensive and can be picked up for round 8 Frere cATs/nsas cABLE ENDS -cableendsarecertany necessary, since you can plug anything nt the Ethemet portswithout anEthernet nd onthe cable The prices do vary rom placet place, shave a shop around, but expect to pay somewherelnthe region of £5forabagof ten R45 /Ethemetcableends ‘CABLE TESTER - Although not strictly necessary, cable testercan save yua otf botherinthelongrun. Adecent 145 cabletestr wl set youback round £15, but there refer more expensive models avallable ee)(Tools and Equipment Needed CE ETSPSTIE switche switch you pckwilldapendonthe numberof ports you'replanningon using Most ilsufice with four or five pots, but eight ports ormocemight be necessary However many pots you decide on, ensures aggabht Ethernet sitch you'ebuyng For ‘example, an 8 port Netgear gigabit svtch canbe had fer around 35 PPOWERLINE ADAPTERS - Extending vied networktoother reasof th home con be achieved easily with powerline edaptor Make sure’ 3 fast as possible, witha minimum a 1s Ethernet ort. power pass tough sa great feature tohave and wlsave you a plug socket. Expect to pay around £25 or lgablt powerline adapter, tha pase trough, foamy Pe, e ‘ a ‘WL FUETHERNET EXTENDER -Sometimesttsnotpossbletorun ‘able orth powetne adapters may beonadiferentelectical ret nthese cases fsbestto tnd your ied network ia, Youcan pick upaWiFiecender uth an Ethemnet port braround 50 £6 butersurethe Is dust-bnd, andasastaspesible andthe Ethernet prt bit. fe TRUNKING -Toneatn up thecablinginyourhome, consider opting for waltmounted trunking hide the cable and cate network and power faceplates Prices vary wll rom £5 permet, to £15 permetr, dependingon the quality ofthe trunking Selfadhesheisthe ezsest option, though HTooLe FACEPLATES - Faceplates ar ke plugsocketsfornetworking. ‘They contain one, two or fournetworksockesthat youl plug your device's Ethernet cables into Behind he scenes, the Ethernet abl runs ‘trough trunk from oe faceplate othe ner, creating a howsewide network. Expect to pay around £4fora double socket Taceplte, \ ‘ POWER OVER ETHERNET you're wartingtorunthe network to something he security camera, or weather sensor, then you'l need Power over Ethret. PE switches offer labit. connectivity as ella asmall amount poner supply forthe equipmentin question, Expect payinthe region of £50 ieoet— Getting the most from Wired Networks How to Wire an Ethernet Cable Although you can buy Ethernet cables of differing lengths, there may come a time when you need one that's a specific size. Similarly, if you ever come across a cable with a broken end, you'll need to fixit. Here’s how to wire up an Ethernet cable. vv ‘Thankfully, you don'tneed tobe a qualified electrician tobe able ‘to wire up an Ethernet cable, but you willneed some tools at hand before you start. Before we get into the nitty-gritty of wiring, weneed ‘tw takea look tthe types of Ethernet cable available. Cats “Thete are twotypesof Ethemet cable that you'll come across when you're cabling: CatSand Cat6 These ae Category standard cables types, spectcally standard and standard 6, They are both used for networking and feature the same wing inside the cable ay SO neee ty cassanoler sandr bu cnstleanstr \ Ss speeds o and from switches and routers up % issuewith holding those speeds overtime, A “Stowe sbereicee S 106s, athoughthat would pushing &_tecabesabtesto ne macnn gi themainaiterence between Cats and ‘iy Wn MMi catgisthe reduced Crosstalk Electomagnetic EDD -ncnemoning = signals that come rom Ethernet cables can cause whats known as Crosstalk, when multiple cables are close to one another within 2 network. Te interference caused by cables being tooclose to each other canstow speeds and also degrade the overall quality ofthe connection, Increased ertors can result from Crosstalk, aswell aslost packets. Through te incorporation ofa new twisted cable design, nd by improving the shielding of the cable, thelikelhood of Crosstalk between Cat6 cables s greatly reduced, and therefore a better option Ay we “ny Cabling Toboginwithyeu' ned tomake sureyou have enough Ethernet ss cable, set of 85 cableends (or plugs, connectors), plastic cabebots anes Cipngtectents oonbleacabitter —%, “ny a eginby lyingout one endot trina your Ethernet cable ad lou have ‘one, place the rubber boot ever the cable.‘The rubber bootisnt important, twillprotetthe cable end clip from being snagged and broken, Strip off abouttwo inchesof the Ethernet ‘ables plastic sheath. Inside the Ethernet cable you'l see four pairs ‘of wires, twisted nt pairs which is why Ethernet cables also called Twisted Pat Alco, under the cable sheath, you'll notice thin piece of plastic called the Rip Cord (or Dental Floss, depending on where you ae). If ‘youl ths, ewillcutthrough a section ofthe sheath allowingyou. to folditover and around tzalf. This will help you cleanly cut away the plastic sheath without damaging the wires underneath. You won't, need to use the Rip Cord to slice away much, around halfan inch, ‘When you've folded back the plastic sheath cutitoff (called Futing}, and cut the Rip Cord “The four pals of wires are broken up into colours: Ablue pal. orange Pai, green par and brown pai. Individually they're called white blue/ blue, white orange/orange, white green/green and white browny/brown. ‘Thote ae two standards of Ethernet wiring: T56BA and T68B. Mostcomponies and engineerswilluse the T5588 standard (as we Understand the US Government requires type A hen used forwiring done under federal contracts, however. In short, aslong.as both ends ‘match, and ary wall sockets you plug them into match, then itreally doesn't matter, Forthe TS688 standard untwist the Wires int the folowingorder: WHITE/ORANGE ‘ORANGE \WHITE/GREEN awe WHITE/BLUE (GREEN ‘WHITE/BROWN ROWN ws \ Hing Now you wil needto grab one ofthe RJ45 cable ends and identity Pin TT doso, hol the cable end with theclip facing away from you. Pin is the frst pin onthe ef. Snip the cable untilthere's about LS.inches free from the edge ofthe plastic Ethernet sheath, Hold the wires, and arrange them inthe order ‘shown above. Fly insertthe wiesinto the cable end until thecopper (_ Howto Wire an Ethernet Cable CE Wire at the centre of ach witeis touching the back of the cable end, and ensuring thatthe following colours match the pins: PIN Whiteforange PIN2: Orange IN 3: Whitejreen ina: Blue INS: Wihiteyblue PING: Green| INT: Whiteyorow PIN: Brown (Once the wires arein place, grab the crimp tool and place thecableendin ‘the appropiate slotin the tol Squeeze the crimp tol allthe way down unite ratchet is released fithas aratchet function). yw “Oy “m a arn un therestof the Ethemet cable out tothe desred length, ging yourself fewrestra inches incase you mess upone ofthe ends, and repeatthe process to crimp anotherend an tothe cable. Grab the cable tester and check your ends falls gone to plan you should have length of theret cable that's god for networking with, The Extra Mile Youcanof course go the extra mile with yourcabling, to make tok ‘eat andtidy. But you willed to planthis out carefully. With your wired network plan, ensue that you've measured the dlstancesto and from the equipmenton the network tothe ‘outer. Youcan then opt fr trunking thatwll tothe als and ensure the cables ae neal hidden along with having network and power pointsmaunted on ast ov" “ny the walls, foreaseofuse, Remember, you might also need toensurethat you candiltvoughthefborksiingtonintiecables totbeupererlowertoosctycurtome.nsome % con poetoattrntstinecestinn My ‘ith very good powerline adapter between the loots extend the network ny Ws my a TT ronnie EEGetting the most from Wired Networks Installing Your Wired Network With everything now ready, toolsin place and equipment ready to go, its time to install your network and get it up and running, Take the time to plan a few preliminary steps, and have everything at hand to ensure it's as easy a setup process as possible. ERED PL AHEAD Tole momentto getaplantogethec Where EEEESENM swrcHes withthe cabls all planned out, and the ends areyou golngto star, what the route youre going oak, boing made, make sue thatthe switchs are inthe right ceckthehouse for potential obstacesyou'etkalyto cone across when _plae,and that there's enough pert feed the numberof devices that are yeu te cabling, Have you got powerline adapters and extendersready? {going to connect to them. SUS ea ETESED CABLE ENDS Ifyou'eplanislooking good, and you've got EBEESPB) POWERLINEAND EXTENSION —Finally,makesurethatthe route ead, then lay outyourcableand start making up powerline adapters rin place plugged in and talking each the ends. youre using trunking, makesureitsallcuto izeand ready to othe. Pls, ensure that any Wi F to Ethernet extenders rein pace, and stckilon tothe wall. agai talking tothe routers W Fisignal, senenewoingThe Installation (_ Installing Your Wired Network CE Ifyouve gota goodplan, then the restfthe process should go relatively easly Be prepared, hough forthe inevitable hiccuphere and there The golden re ‘tonerworking is keepitassimpleas possible % Myou'vetakenthe % tinetocabloup yourown ends, its avayeworth just double S chockingthat S theyreingpod fo SS tere Sorting onder Test “ny, an tesienloth cable Manga tester, and gve the ends alittle tug to make sue they're ‘crimped on the cable tightly enough, and won't fall ff should you ‘atch them with your feet when under the desk. When cabling, it always bestto secure insmalllengths. youve measured the distance to and from one network location another, such as rom therouter‘oalving room switch, then take the timetolay the cable and pint tothe edge ofthe room (orwithin trunking], every couple of fect. might seem tke overkill but hep the cable aseat as possible, Whenyou runeach cable twits snitch ordevice, Itsbesttotesethat device orcheckthe potton the switch tomake sue that theconnection is working Theres nothing worse than spendingall day running several metres ‘of able only tofind youve snaggedit somewhere along theline and t's now no longer working Which means youl need otrace the cable backand see where itwent wrong. yougot loadsefable, then itseven more dict. Powerline adapters and WF extenderscan bethe worse offenders when setting up anetwork Often theyre working perfectly fine one minute, then stop talking to each other when you vecompleted everything, Thishappens usually because you vemoved someting in the way ofthe signal in the case of WF, so you may need todo a quick WiFi survey againto test the signal strength. As for powetine adapters, they don't often stop working, but they can un-parwith eachother ‘wien there's another couple ofadapterson the electrical wiing, tsa simple case of powering offal the powerline adapters, then powering pairs backup again, They wl eventually all'se’ eachother and the network wil be backup and running. ifyouvve run cable ouside to any outbuilding, make sure that you've marked the location of where the cable goes nto the ground, where its laying and where itcomes out. it’s not under the ground, then make sure iésmarked where tes You don’t wantto lose connection nthe summer due to digging up the garden. Finally have fun. Wing up the house ora home networkisa great project. Yes,iteanbe abitofa headache attimes,anditdoesn't always go.uiteto plan butts going to bea solid, and dependable setup when you're done and everythings working68) Networking Home Entertainment Networking an Entertainment System One of the most common setups when it comes to networkingis the all-important home entertainment system. This can be as simple asa smart TV and the latest console, or as complex as an entire home theatre setup with Al integration. Someone's home entertainment system isa very personal setup. While most will have a smart TV, some form of Blu-Ray or DVD setup, and perhaps a games console, others willopt for more exotic ‘components such as WiFi speakers, Google Home automation integration or some other Al assistant, multiple consoles retro ‘games setup via emulation on Raspberry Pi and much more. It'simpossble to target just one specif setup, but we ‘canmake some educated guesses ane suggest the best posible way foward for those wanting to getall ther entertainment equpmentontine and talking to each other Main Setup Before we gino depth eardng the individual components, worth looking atthe bce instalation ist. By this wemean themainnetworking component that lee allyur entertainment ecuipment. Formos peopl, the obvious chic placing the routrin the same oom 2s the home entertainmentit- such the hing rom. Nie outof tenhomes wilhavealving room thattakes up most ofthe downstairs ‘loo, 0 having the router near the entrance tothe lng room wil place itasnearto the cente ofthe house as possible. Of couse fyoute the tenth house, then your setup wil need tobe altered, With a router inthe livingroom, ou'ein easy reachof ks bitin ‘switch ports, as wel ashaving acessto a good WF signal You'e also cutting down on the amount ofetworkng equipment between the TV, for example, and therouteritset ifyou can'thave the outer in the fiving room, then in our opinion using combination ofapowertin adapta anda switch the bestoption In thisscenaio yout able to cable upallthe necessary equipment othe suite, hich can then feed into the powerline adapter, andintumcan feed into the router viaits paired partner. Thereareathercomponents ‘that may require more networking kt, so let's break some ofthem down, wv AITVssold now are smart ‘enabled, which meansthey have the capacity for going online ane streaming content. This ofcourse means they! comewith ether an Ethernet port or WiFi, or even both. The ‘Wis where alt of bandwidth isgoingtobe heading, soit makes sence to connect the TVtoa gigabit itch = despite the fact that most natal, TVsonly have 00Mb/s Ethernet pots bult into them (despite the manufacturers claiming you need Catt cables forthe best connection!) _00Mb/s though is perfectly fine fr transferring the data needed for and ven 8k content, asthe TVitselfisnt doing anything else other than sorting the data into viewable image and sound -andits processing canhandle the hard workthere,Forthe TVthen, an Ethemet cable intoawh, fdinto a ponetine adapteristhe perfec stp. no ty and gtitwerkingonthesScHechanel andhaveitasclose oa cod wireless network extender as posible tT Games Consoles eng Thethreemsingamesconsles: Piaystation Xbox andSwitch areallcapabe of wng FibutonivthePlasatin mnditorhaeantiene 2 port. Surprisingly all the ‘consoles dont require 2 ¥y fast connection tothe home “mn, ws network Even though theres alot ‘of data to shift when gamingonlin, the requirement can easly be met by connectingalltheconsolesto the Wireless network However, ifyou wantto squeeze the last drops of performance from yourconnection, then we'd recommend connecting, the Playstation and xbox tothe wired network This eaves the Switch Using wireless, which wil eut down trafic Media Computers/ Retro Emulators Therés0groing number cf people who have opted foramedacomputeras part ther ving room entire. These areofen smal subte base unis he the Raspbeny Pithatftn nicely withthe restof theunder-TVequipment,butean stilrun Windows, Linux oreven macOS. These media centrescan be used for streaming content from a ecal device, such as aNAS unit, o via the Internet. Theyre good for watching YouTube content, gaming and any ‘other duties you'd expect roma computer ‘The Raspberry lis also great asa retro emulation console, enabling you to play arcade, console and home computer ties fromthe last forty: plusyeas. With regards to these, wold sayputthem onthe wired network, since theyre going to use a lotof bandwidth forthe content, as \wellasupdatestothe OS. As {for the Raspberry Pi, again, mH ( Networking an Entertainment System GE weld say wired network, as we've always found the Ps WEFlacking uti whenitcomestosteamingcontent. Other newraleasessuch WSN My asthe Sega Nga Die Min ae main WaFienabled ands valor seamlessly on a wireless network Al Assistants Most TVs and other entertainment equipmentcan be controlled with one of the Al asitants, such as Google Home, The Al assstans are allW-F enabled, andthis is perfectly fine. What you're best doing is ensuring that “ny : there's a good ScHeWiFinetworkextenderneartowberethe —“inyyqW0 assistants located, This wl cut down onthe traficon the other channel and improve the bandwidth oftheunit. Blu-Ray/DVD units Whiea lato eopleus ther games console as a Bl RayDND dite, there are some who eter dothavea console or prefer the advanced festresospecialiedunitcan offer. Wh these unis, he connection to the networkin as mpotantas the comecton tothe while they may hav thems connections, WEF wl sfc (ules they dont haveWiF access, ofcourse. yw Wty NAS oo Yon, One final element tothe home entertainment setupisthe addition of @NAS unit. These mini-zervets areideal for toring movies and ‘Tshows, game les that aretro emulator can access and stornga lifetime of digital photos Inanideal word, you'd have the NAS connected directly tothe router’ switch so alltrafctoithas ‘the maximum bandwidth, However ft'snotlocated near to the outer, make sure i'sconnected toa gigabit site, Powerline Adapters/Network Extenders !fyou're stuck for which one to use for your entertainment equipment, wet sy opt othe powetine adapt (ata ax you can gt aca siqnbitwich. The eouipment that requires Wiis probably within reach theouters sig. and fot, youcan adda Fistender elseerein the comand fed the wireless kitunder the Anything Else (such as a Roku etc.) Assessthe needs ofisbandwith, its ping tobe using altof rac enlieoron the network ty and connec tothe wired network, terse go for WiFi andthebest channespeeds youcan.68) Networking Home Entertainment The Google Home Collection There are now six different Google Home devices to choose from, including the tiny Home Mini and the new Google Home Hub. The specification and size varies greatly, so if you are not yet sure which Home speaker is best for you, check out all of the details here. Google Home Max sachsen See notearthearhtntendedandicelereybeatwihhenr poundig. “bottlaun ns Peabo aR hardware delivers deep bass and crisp treble in stunning stereo sound. It analyses, tunes and updates itself automatically, so allyou need todo is isten The far-field voice contro allows Max to hear you across the room, even while the music's playing PCpsctine touch ser tal Thoughts: The best auco-only based productinthe Google MMI sspsuacange —_»Anbntiptsener Home ange. Aeidpoheubentehoing cle Wirstess 2.-rm ackwith analogue oun re tueooth ‘AC power {on sthgi/cl24ebescha) Wf SUs@ ype. ond UBB are teem Netperformancesveoming ‘fus@implenentrs Forum + Chrome bitin pean set Speaker other Tyo lltmmbighescusion(e/ it + Malwem audio Google Home Mini Dimensions Pe key Features: A powerilitle helper, Google Home Minikeepeyou Hage m5) | posi caso informed anduptadteithinstant news weather and commute owercaie 5m + came and concen updates without fing finger Master the kitchen; Google ome Weight. ssl Mii helps with timer step by step recipes, and conversions and = Dv: Stet 4 inner substitutes. Star your mart home + rasa te ey ies always improving wth seamless connections to the atest compatible rest Cont qu csc with 40-m civer ‘smart lights and + Durable fabric top nic array Final thoughts ponorumerscripaste” ower The budget range of = teste ae wa Google Home fers Steere frmats Part conto agent podutfor trewopeerscein sone Opernting yom(_ The Google Home Collection GE Google Nest Hub Dimensions Sensors Key Features Seeyeurlfeinoneviewsnd “wan msmva>)———emmetvy frtthings donetandefee,cooleNsttib “ways mes) Sere Felpeyar nalethemestofmomentzathome, —Set up new devices. cooge sada serene Seb BRED er rors eaten stint wane One select, tow thenstctons andthe Googe useyourooge sala ome app as your deve tour hme newer: hs enabling aa onyouriyoUoeed > Steaming fe yourchomecast setup your Google CChromecast utr fst. NOTE: You need an Home iiname sacrss Android orlOSmable ‘ert tne ter es nme nhs device tocomplete setting up Chromecas, ‘On your Android device, you need to download the latest cna bull ofthe Google Home Apa Sign in using your Google ‘account and then connec the Chromecasto your TV vis the HOM! nput and USB for power PD Finaty. Deonre = you wish to = play games on your Secttop orton. you cs ned open ach © Googie ‘de browser on the video: Get more done with == device you wish to use the new Chrome : 6 and vist: google com = = chrome and download the latest build ofthe — Chrome browser A akel ec a Maem slo). e2 Se eee gene coerce Seo Tee Ce mene rony ere ee ate eae ee eee? seers pia) esos ceedESTEE Now ietstuin ourattention tothe Google Stadia Control ‘once aut of thebox you need to ensure that your devices fully charged before you start setting up the controll isa oe ° BSED Once the devices uly charged, unplug the power ‘able, Pres the Stadia ago button on the controller for ‘two seconds to turn ton. A vibration confirms that you have powered up the device You need to enter your WEF password and then tap Connect to WeFito complete the process. Your controller may automatically install an update ft srequired and then youare ready to play Switching to your mobile device, open the Stadia app, sing your invite code (if required), and tap the Controller icon tothe op right you may need to enable Location acces fist Select your controle from thelist of devices Ss Unlock Stadia with your invite code EE TSSETRD Your stadia controler starts to vibrate to confirm connection an then, when prompted, tap Yes onthe mobile app Now tap Connect to your network using the same account SettingsAll About Google Stadia GE Google Stadia Controller Controls Explained With Stacia, the controls the console, so understarlng how this al in.one vio works sgingto be essentialta your gaming experience Left Bumper y) Left Tigger Stadia i = | CC ________\ Status Light Buttor Under Button) Understanding TRL Iara Eee E peeere eet Ce ee ET Prerirepeecietoene ttn een cme BSiclel-Leiiel-]6s) 0 peered) r es Ce ee = cy cea Internal Se ee complete, theiCombat Network IssuesNetwork Troubleshooting and Administration Windows Networking Command Cheat Sheet Windows contains numerous built-in commands for networking, These utilities and tools will help you discover problems with your network, as well as help you improve performance and monitor what's going on aout are ete ot pence rae pene an Eeraeoig aerate os = NbtStat The nbtstat command is a Aes ld diagnostic tool for NetBIOS over Cee Ron TCPIP Its primary design is Dee eae to help troubleshoot NetBIOS Fae e ee ae name resolution problems. It OCA a md will display the human-friendly re ed names of devices on the network a ame Ted along with their IP addresses. Ie ae Va) .: Pathping See e Ree scat Thisisa handy command that Reece Ue SAE eE Ur) combines the best elements of Re See ee Ping and tracert. Itwilldisplay eva Meet kod the latencyand packet loss Cee ese hs between one computerand store IP addresses and their re- another (either locally oron the PON eam Cun ird Internet, and after 300 seconds Pelee go display a detailed report.Ping Ping is probably the most familiar of networking command line tools With it you're able to send an echo juest to a device locally, or on the Internet, and receive a reply. Se « Netstat Cee ed eae ees ee eel Soar CES etd pene ee Ce eee «3 Tracert Stands for Trace Route willexamine the poth {o.aremote computer, either lacaly on the Internet. For exomple, entering tracert google.com will display ihe hops taken over networking devices to get to one ofthe Google serves. Peeters Peers aren eeee sy ees renner emcee hat fem eer TS MAC address of a Windows Pen eee ares Windows Networking Command Cheat Sheet BT reyiit Bo pan etre nee EU Tuas Ipconfigwill display information on the ead Dee eed Peay LE ecu Poco cos = Netsh:. This is a complex command that, when entered, will put you into a different shell, the Network Shell (netsh). It’s capable of displaying and configuring information regard- ing a computer’s networking setup. Nslookup UU os ert trae Perey rT TT LT ees ey re S network or Internet. Haran The Windows Route command allows Oe RC Ree eee Le gs) eae a DE ee au eee ac) CTT Da aedNetwork Troubleshooting and Administration Linux Networking Command Cheat Sheet Linux has many networking commands available to it. Some are built in to the OS, whereas others will need to be installed; but all are great in their own special way. Thisisa single HTTP Re) Peers eer) interaction with eared De aed lots of support, Preece One of the most used networking commands for troubleshooting and testing network connectivity. Ping works by sending Echo Request packets toa user-specified IP destination, and waits fora reply. Pl: Bee Te ees rae TES e Team el Ca eat e CCU ee Cech Rm irl) PEC eee eaten eect | control such aslimiting Isused to configure traffic She guten RN ance telly ie Banewnith toate eth It’s perfect for shell scripts, as . |. rn it can be used without user CR icc interaction. Internet connections. Ty« Ifconfig :. Stands for Interface Configuration, and is used to display and configure the local network adapter. With ifcon- fig, you're able to view a computer's IP address, gateway and so on. Can also be used to setup a network port. att So DLs » eee ert Roa Cres With it you can Be eae ead ates Can help you keep an eye ‘on your network traffic ‘and bandwidth usage inreal time. It monitors Incoming and outgoing traffic, using graphs, and provides adaitionat Information on the total transferred data and network use. Pen SS Tanase cs emer Uae eo Sen corre Cees eens ees ue Ce Cee ees Linux Networking Command Cheat Sheet Seco) eee) display information Bite ee) Cee eg Oe Oticd neta Re eng Sy ret ue Xs _ oer aey = Traceroute Atool used to diagnose and display the route of packets to and from user specified locations. It’s great for finding slow areas of a network, so you can tweak any network ex- tenders that the packets hit on their way to the location. ar te Oe aes eae Perret Perera) Ceeroe) network. With it, Sores Cee aed Caryn transfer files and so on. Brady} Pes ce) tool that’s a packet Pa ee MTL og network packets that are being ee hod CLT ee ote5 Network Troubleshooting and Administration Troubleshooting Your Wi-Fi Network Wired networks are often a lot more sturdy compared to a wireless network, but they're not bulletproof. Thankfully, problems can easily be fixed, so here are our top ten troubleshooting tips for solving wired network issues. FEE sow on wonccessmsouenooMsThrcsagoeschnce ErUsA To connect-casonay es adevc at thatthe rominuestn astecme sof Feo se ‘esto ssh seamen hours eo Ft Lsadupanewottanayaranéchecktecputeupuinteroomin”— Singioty sepia tbat comecton tase twos ‘heson heist boot on netted and te ove reistlngtete res onthe dee htt pose ote Merve: oleae tthe dees cd PuTTY Fatal Error x FTEED stow ITERNET—rhiscouldteoneaftwothings:aproblem TRY RANDOM Loss OF BANDWIDTH -Fistcheckisto establish a with the outer and your network, ora problem with he ISP Test patter. Does it happen when ou power on something ele inthe the connection by directly plugging advent theroutersEthemet parts. hous i's, tcouldbecausnginterfeence wth hesgnal. oesithappen the prabiem esis then alyourSPfts okay, then tn fal your ‘en certain devices connected? Check the deve, as could be networkingequipmentandoneby-onepowerthem up. uhietestngto find downloading» hue fie, oritcould have some frm of mawae. theculpt