‘SS8H7 Analyze the political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia, during the New South Era, b, Distinguish how rights were denied to Atrican-Americans through Jim Crow laws, Plessy . Ferguson, disenfranchisement, and radial violence. JIM CROW LAWS Jim Crow laws were passed to establish “separate-but-equal’ facilities for whites and for blacks. The laws resulted in separate restrooms, water fountains, railroad cars, waiting rooms, lodging facilities, dining areas, and schools. in 1889, the Georgia General Assembly segregated (separated by race) a number of public faciities including theeters, prison camps, water fountains, and restrooms. Although facilities for African Americans were separate, they were rarely equal to those set aside for Whites. African Americans protested the Jim Crow laws in public meetings throughout the nation Georgia's Henry McNeal Tuer, a bishop of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, called the new civil rights laws and the segregation that followed as a result of them “barbarous.” ___ 246. What was the purpose of the “Jim Crow” or segregation laws passed by Georgia’s government at the turn of the century? A. to make alcohol illegal B. to continue white control C. to promote industry in Georgia D. to provide equality for black Georgians ___ 247. Which of the following was NOT segregated as a result of Jim Crow laws? A. theaters B. churches C. prison camps D. water fountains PLESSY V. FERGUSON In 1892, Homer Plessy bought a train ticket from New Orleans to Covinaton, Louisiana. Because he was seven-eighths white and one-eighth black, he took a seat in the “whites only” car. When he refused to move, he was arrested under the “Jim Crow Car Act of 1890,” which required separate- but-equal accommodations for whites and blacks on railroad cars. Plessy staged the incident to test the constitutionality of the 1890 law. In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court heard the case and, by a 7-1 vote, upheld the law. A southerner, Justice John Marshall Harlan, cast the single dissenting vote. Plessy v Ferguson gave states the right to control social discrimination and to promote segregation. Throughout the South, numerous laws segregated such facilities as parks and public transportation. Schools soon followed. Plessy was soon tested by a case originating in Augusta. Until 1899, Richmond County had the only public high school in Georgia for descendants of enslaved Africans. The school board, supposedly for "purely economic reasons,” closed the school, which served 60 high school students, and opened itas an elementary school for 300 students. Three parents sued the school board based on the Plessy decision that ensured separate-but-equal facilities. They fled for an injunction (a court order stating that something must or must not be done) asking that the white public high school be closed until another high school was opened for African American students. The lower court agreed, but the Georgia supreme court overturned that ruling 94 (Copyright © Client Press, Ine, DO NOT DUPLICATE. 1-800-874-863878.8638 Pres, ie. DO NOT DUPLICATE, 1 ‘The case reached the U.S, Supreme Court in December 1899. The court ruled that (1) African ‘American students had the right to be educated only until the eighth grade, (2) closing the white high school did not relate to the equal rights granted by the Fourteenth Amendment, and (3) the use of funds to open the elementary schoo! and close the high school was a state issue. It was not until 1954 with the Brown w: Board of Education ruling that segregated schools became unlawful ___. 248. What became legal under Plessy ». Ferguson? A, slavery B. black codes C. integration D. segregation ___ 49. Plessy v. Ferguson gave states the right to promote A. integration. B. segregation. C. equal rights. D. voting rights for blacks. _— 250. According to Plessy v. Ferguson, what Constitutional amendment was NOT violated by establishing “separate-but-equal” faci A. Fifteenth Amendment B. Sixteenth Amendment C. Thirteenth Amendment D. Fourteenth Amendment ___. 251. Homer Plessy sat in the “Whites Only” car on a train because he wanted A. the only seat available, B. the comfortable seats there. C. to sit with his traveling companions, D. to test the legality of a law requiring separate-but-equal facilities. ____ 252, What Georgia case tested the decision in Plessy ». Ferguson? A. Roe v. Wade B. Worcester v: Georgia C. Brown v, Board of Education D. Cummings v. Richmond County Board of Education