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Statistics and Probability

Activity Sheets
Quarter 3 – MELC 9
Solving Problems Involving the
Mean and the Variance of
Probability Distributions

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Activity Sheet No. 09
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other
things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Statistics and Probability Activity Sheet

Writer: Ian T. Tacsagon

Illustrator: Ian T. Tacsagon

Layout Artists: Ian T. Tacsagon and Rutchel J. Ngipen

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Jezereel Grace G. Tiron
Bernie P. Alcedo
Division of Iloilo City Management Team:
Ma. Luz M. De los Reyes, SDS
Ernesto F. Servillon Jr., ASDS
Arlo L. Villalva, CID Chief
Dr. Jerry M. Lego, SGOD Chief
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Regional Management Team
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga
Mr. Donald T. Genine
Mr. Adonis Mosquera

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Introductory Message
Welcome to Statistics and Probability for Senior High School!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Iloilo City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic
Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed

to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using
the contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School will help you
facilitate the teaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and
learner. This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to
ease the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School is developed to

help you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material
provides you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning.
Being an active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then
perform the activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your
facilitator on the agreed schedule.

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 Quarter 3, Week 3

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 9

Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade and Section: _______________

Date: _____________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET

Solving Problems Involving the Mean and Variance of Probability Distributions

I. Learning Competency with Code

Solving problems involving the mean and the variance of probability
distributions. (M11/12SP-IIIb-4)

II. Background Information for Learners

Do you want to be a millionaire? What would be the first thing that you will
buy if you have millions of pesos? For instance, can you have millions of
pesos by just spending a small amount of money? Yes, that is what the game
of chance can offer.
Usually, a game of chance such as lottery, raffle, and jackpot involve
paying a small amount of money by purchasing a ticket. The holder of the
ticket will get an equal chance to win a prize.
For sure, lotteries are purely determined by chance. You don't need to
have a skill. It is just a luck. What do you think are your likelihood of winning?

Example 1: Weekly Allowance

A group of SHS students was tasked to study on the number of times a
student will ask for additional allowance after receiving his weekly allowance.
The group randomly selected 50 SHS students from different strands and
asked how many times they have asked for additional allowance after
receiving their weekly allowance. Three students asked for additional
allowance zero times, 15 students asked for additional allowance once , 24
students asked for additional allowance two times, 6 students asked for
additional allowance three times, and 2 students asked for additional
allowance four times.
Find the expected value or mean of the number of times a student will ask
for additional allowance after receiving his weekly allowance. Calculate the
standard deviation of the variable as well.

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Solution:
Let the random variable X be the number of times a student will ask for
additional allowance after receiving his weekly allowance

X P(X) 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋) 𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥)

0 3 0 0
50
1 15 15 15
50 50 50
2 24 48 96
50 50 50
3 6 18 54
50 50 50
4 2 8 32
50 50 50

15 48 18 8 89
𝜇 = ∑ 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋)= 0 + 50 + 50+ 50+ 50= 50= 1.78

The expected value or mean of the number of times a student will ask for
additional allowance after receiving his weekly allowance is 1.78. The number
1.78 is the long-term average or expected value if the student receives his
allowance week after week after week.

𝜎 2 =∑[𝑥 2 ∙ 𝑃(𝑥)] − 𝜇 2 = 0.77

𝜎=√𝜎 2 =√0.77= 0.88

Therefore, the variance of a probability distribution is equal to 0.77, while

the standard deviation is equal to 0.88.

Example 2: Raffle Tickets

An organizer of a show sells ticket worth ₱20.00 each. 1000 tickets were
sold with equal chances of winning. The first prize is ₱5000, the second prize
is ₱3000 and the third prize is ₱1000.
Answer the following questions:
a. Illustrate the problem in a probability distribution table.
b. Find the probability of winning any prize in the purchase of one
ticket.
c. Find the expected value of the random variable, then interpret the
result.

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Solution:
a. Illustrate the problem in a probability distribution table

X 4980 2980 980 -20

1 1 1 997
P(X)
1000 1000 1000 1000

If the ticket holder will win the first prize, his net gain is ₱5,000.00 less
₱20.00 (amount spend for buying a ticket) or ₱4,980.00. The probability that
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he will win the prize is 1 out of one thousand tickets or1000. If the ticket holder
will win the second prize, his net gain is ₱3,000.00 less ₱20.00 (amount
spend for buying a ticket) or ₱2,980.00. The probability that he will win the
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prize is also 1 out of one thousand tickets or1000. If the ticket holder will win
the third prize, his net gain is ₱1,000.00 less ₱20.00 (amount spend for
buying a ticket) or ₱980.00. The probability that he will win the prize is also 1
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out of one thousand tickets or1000. However, his chance of losing is higher
than his chance of winning because it is equal to the total probability that is 1
less the probability of winning.
3 997
That is, 1 - = .
1000 1000

b. Find the probability of winning any prize in the purchase of one

ticket.

Solution:
Probability of winning any prize = probability of winning the first prize +
probability of winning the second prize + probability of winning the third prize
1 1 1 3
Probability of winning any prize = + 1000 + 1000 = 1000
1000

c. Find the expected value of the random variable, then interpret the
result.

Solution:
The expected value is the same as the mean and is equal to the product
of net gain and the probability of winning (in this case you have three chances
of winning, you may win the first, second, or third prize) plus the product of
net loss and the probability of losing.

1 1 1 997
𝜇 = ∑ 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋) = 4980(1000) + 2980 (1000) + 980 (1000) − 20 (1000)
𝜇 = 4.98 + 2.98 + 0.98 – 19.94 = - 11

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 The expected value or the mean is – 11. The negative value means that
one loses money on the average. In particular, someone who buy tickets, and
although has a chance to win losses ₱11.00 per ticket purchased.
This idea will help us make a wise decision. We should always remember
essentials should be prioritized. If we can afford to buy tickets without
sacrificing our essential needs, it is okay to take a chance sometimes.

Example 3: Pick 3 Number Game

Suppose you play the Pick 3 Number Game. You have to choose three
digits in the range from zero to nine. Every entry costs 10 pesos. Keep in
mind that it is possible to choose all three numbers to look the same. In that
instance, your ticket will look in the following way: 7-7-7. To win a prize,
players have to match both the winning digits for the respective drawing and
the order in which they have been drawn. Otherwise, the game would
become way too easy, and the odds of winning will go up exponentially. You
could win a prize worth ₱4500. Over the long term, what is
your expected profit of playing the game?

Solution:
Let X = the amount of profit.
If your three numbers match in order, you will win the game and will get
₱4500. That means your profit is ₱4490 (₱4500 less ₱10.00). If your three
numbers do not match the order, you will lose the game and lose your ₱10.00.
That means your profit is –₱10.00. Therefore, X takes on the values ₱4490
and –₱10.
To win, you must get all three numbers correct, in order. The probability of
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choosing the correct first number is 10 because there are 10 numbers (from
zero to nine) and only one of them is correct. The probability of choosing the
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correct second number is also 10 because the selection is done with
replacement and there are still 10 numbers (from zero to nine) for you to
choose. Due to the same reason, the probability of choosing the correct third
1
number is also . The selection of one number does not affect the selection
10
of another number. That means the three selections are independent. The
probability of choosing all three correct numbers and their order is equal to
the product of the probabilities of choosing each number correctly.

P(choosing three numbers correctly) = P(choosing 1st number correctly) ∙

P(choosing 2nd number correctly) ∙ P(choosing 3rd number correctly)
1 1 1 1
P(choosing three numbers correctly) = 10 ∙ ∙ = 1000 or 0.001
10 10

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 Therefore, the probability of winning is 0.001 and the probability of losing
is 1 − 0.001 = 0.999.

X P(X) X ∙P(X)
4490 0.001 4.49
-10 0.999 -9.99

𝜇 = ∑ 𝑋 ∙ 𝑃(𝑋) = 4.49 - 9.99 = - 5.50

You would, on the average, expect to lose ₱5.50 for each game you play.
However, each time you play, you either lose ₱10 or profit ₱4490. The ₱5.50
is the average or expected loss per game after playing this game over and
over.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites

Alferez, M.S. & Duro, M.A. (2006). MSA Statistics and Probability. MSA
Publishing House. Reprinted 2016.
Belecina, R. R.et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex
Book Store, Inc.
CHED. Statistics and Probability. Pasig City: Department of Education -
Bureau of Learning Resources, 2016

IV. Activity Proper

General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet
(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. All answers must be
written in a separate sheet of paper. Read each problem carefully and answer
it systematically. If a solution is required, encircle your final answer.
Exercise 1. Raffle
Raffle tickets were sold for a charity event. A raffle ticket costs ₱60.00 and
there are one thousand five hundred tickets to be sold. Only one ticket holder
will win a prize of ₱80,000.00. Construct the probability distribution of the
discrete random variable, compute for the expected value, and interpret the
result.

Exercise 2. Roulette Wheel

A roulette wheel in a fiesta celebration has the numbers 1 through 9. If
you bet ₱7.00 you will have a chance to win a prize worth ₱65.00. Let X
denote the net gain for a bet.

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a. Complete the table below showing the probability distribution of X.

x -7
P(x)

b. Find the expected value if you play a bet and interpret the result.

𝜇=_______________
Interpretation:__________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
__________.

Exercise 3. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following represents the expected value of the discrete

random variable?
a. mean b. standard deviation c. variance d. mode

2. Which of the following best described the expected value of

probability distribution?
a. It measures the variability of the values assumed by the random
variables.
b. It gives the difference between the highest and lowest values
assumed by the random variables
c. It is the square root of the variance of the probability distribution.
d. It is the average value of a random variable over numerous trials of
an experiment

For numbers 3-5, refer to the following problem:

Five hundred tickets are sold for ₱5.00 each. A ticket will win
₱1,000.00. Let X denote the net gain from the purchase of a randomly
selected ticket.

3. What is the probability that you will win a prize if you buy a ticket?
1 1 1 1
a. 5 b. 1000 c. 500 d. 995

4. What is the probability of losing a prize?

1 499 495 1
a. 5 b. 500 c. 500 d. 500

5. What is the value of the random for winning a prize?

a. 5 b. 1000 c. 995 d. 1005

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Key to Solution