Vedaniti, eam UNE Online Exact Differential Equation Last updated date: 16th Mar 2023 - Total views: 296.7k - Views today: 3.77k Exact Differential Equation Definition: Exact differential equation definition is an equation which contains one or more terms. It involves the derivative of one variable (dependent veriable) with respect to the other variable (independent variable). We can represent the differential equation for a given function represented in a form: f(x) = dy/dx where “x” is an independent vanable and “y” is a dependent variable. In this article, we are going to basically discuss what is the exact differential equation, the standard form, what is the integrating factor, and how to solve exact differential equations in detail with various examples and solved problems What is Differential Equation? A differential equation is an equation which contains one or more terms which involve the derivatives of one variable (i.e., dependent variable) with respect to the other variable (ie., independent variable) dy/dx = f(x) Here “x’ is referred to as an independent variable and “y’ is known as an dependent variable For example, dy/dx = 5x A differential equation contains derivatives which can either be partial derivatives or can be ordinary derivatives. The derivatives represent a rate of change, and the differential equation describes a relationship between the quantity that is continuously varying and the speed of change. There are a lot of differential equation formulas to find the solution of the derivatives. Exact differential equations are not generally linear. In other words, this can be defined as a method for solving the first-order nonlinear differential equationsVedaniti, Lear UNE Online + The exact differential equation solution can be in the implicit form F(x, y) which is equal to c. + Although this is a distinct class of differential equations, it will share many similarities with first-order linear differential equations. Importantly, we will discover that there is often (although not always!) an integration factor required to make a differential equation in the “exact” form. The integration factor we have discussed will take a different form than that of first-order linear equations Exact Differential Equation: Let us consider the equation P(x, y)dx + Q(x, y)dy equal to 0. Suppose that there exists a function v(x, y) such that dv = Mdx + Ndy, then the differential equation is seid to be an exact differential equation solution is given by v(x, y) = ¢. Theorem IPQ ay On 2° continuous functions of x and y, then a necessary and sufficient exact differential equation condition that Pdx + Qdy = 0 (1) aQ is oxact, is that [— = + Oy Ox Proof of the Theorem Suppose that (1) is exact. Then by definition there exists av such that dv = Pax + Qdy But from total derivative formula, ave eae ia N= Bp By ee &eeam UNE Online oP ay OP &v comparing the above equations we get P = .Q= These two equations lead to —— = ——— and = Oy OyOx Oy Oxdy oy aP_ ag Sine = we ge es 0a Let O(x.y) be a function for which Or = P(xy) @o _ OP oo 80 OP _ GQ OyOr Oy” Then ‘Gxdy ~ Oye ~ Oy ~ dy On integrating both side of this equation with respect to x holding y fixed we get, Q+A(y), where A(y) is an arbitrary funtion of y Now define a function v as v(x.y) = B(x) -JA(y)dy Ov On 2) dy = dx + (=~ -Aly))dy = Pdx + Qdy Oy” Or Oy Hence the given equation is exact. Then oN en dv = ——dx + Ox Testing for Exactness (Exact Differential Equation Condition) Let's assume function P(x,y) and function Q(x,y) having the continuous partial derivatives in a particular domain named D, the differential equation is an exact differential equation condition if and only if it satisfies the following condition: OP _ 9Q dy ae Exact Differential Equation Examples Some of the examples of the exact differential equations are given beloweam UNE Online + (2xy — 3x) dx + (x? — 2y ) dy equals 0 + (xy? +x) dx + yx? dy equals 0 * Cos y dx + (y*—xsin y ) dy equals 0 * (6x? — y #3 ) dx + (3y?— x — 2) dy equals 0 “oY dx + (2y + xe") dy equals 0 Exact Differential Equation Questions: Question 1) Solve 3x(xy -2)dx + (x? + 2y)dy = 0 oxact differential equation solution) P = 3x(xy -2), Q = (x7 + 2y) First a = ax? and 2 = 3x aP _ aq Me. 5 Gy Ns the vfmetions andiderlvlives eracontinupus:, Hence!the! equation Is exact Therefore the solution is given by [P(xy)dx + I(terms in Q(x,y) not containing x)dy = C [(3x¢y - 6x)dx + [2ydy = C Or, x8y - 3x2 + y2=CVedaniti, Lear UNE Online Courses (Class 3 - 12) aaah? & vi JEECrash — NEETCrash NEET JEE/NEET CBSE 4,000 %7,400 24,000 = 7,400 Founcaton %37,316 zai048 ICSE 2 19,940Vedaniti, eam UNE Online Vedantu Improvement Promise We promise improvement in marks or get your fees back. 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