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Presentation on theme: "Adenovirus."— Presentation transcript:
1 Adenovirus
2 Introduction
Adenoviruses can replicate and produce disease in the respiratory,
gastrointestinal, and urinary tracts and in the eye.
Many adenovirus infections are subclinical, and virus may persist in the host
for months.
About one-third of the 51 known human serotypes are responsible for most
cases of human adenovirus disease.
A few types serve as models for cancer induction in animals.
Adenoviruses are especially valuable systems for molecular and biochemical
studies of eukaryotic cell processes (gene delivery vehicle).
3 Properties of Adenoviruses
Important Properties of Adenoviruses
Virion: Icosahedral, 70–90 nm in diameter, 252 capsomeres; �ber projects from
each vertex
Composition: DNA (13%), protein (87%)
Genome: Double-stranded DNA, linear, 26–45 kbp, protein-bound to termini,
infectious
Proteins: Important antigens (hexon, penton base, �ber) are associated with
the major outer capsid proteins
Envelope: None
Replication: Nucleus
Outstanding characteristic: Excellent models for molecular studies of
eukaryotic cell processes
4 Classi�cation
Adenoviruses have been recovered from a wide variety of species and grouped
into four genera. All the human adenoviruses are classi�ed in the
Mastadenovirus genus. Long Lasting Pain
Human adenoviruses are divided into six groups (A–F) on the basis of their Relief
genetic, physical, chemical, and biologic properties.
Perskindol Open
5 Classi�cation Classi�cation Schemes for Human Adenoviruses

Hemaggluthination
Oncogenic Potential
Group
Serotypes
Result
ToPercentage of Gwork,
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DNA
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Tumorigenicity In Vivob
Transformation of Cells
A
12, 18, 31
IV
None
48–49
High
+B
3, 7, 11, 14, 16, 21, 34, 35, 50
I
Monkey (complete)
50–52
Moderate
C
1, 2, 5, 6
III
Rat (partial)
57–59
Low or none
D
8–10, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22–30, 32, 33, 36–39, 42–49, 51
II
Rat (complete)
57–61
Low or nonec
E 4 57 F
40, 41
6 Adenovirus Infections in Humans
7 Pathogenesis
In fact, the name "adenovirus" re�ects the recovery of the initial isolate from
explants of human adenoids.
Adenoviruses infect and replicate in epithelial cells
Most human adenoviruses replicate in intestinal epithelium after ingestion but
usually produce subclinical infections rather than overt symptoms.
8 Clinical Findings
About one-third of the known human serotypes are commonly associated with
human illness.
Adenoviruses 1–7 are the most common types worldwide and account for most
instances of adenovirus-associated illness.
.
Disease :
Respiratory Diseases
Eye Infections
Gastrointestinal Disease
Other Diseases
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9 Respiratory Diseases
Typical symptoms include cough, nasal congestion, fever, and sore throat.This
syndrome is most commonly manifested in infants and children and usually
involves group C viruses.
Adenoviruses are responsible for about 5% of acute respiratory disease in
young children, but they account for much less in adults Long Lasting Pain
Adenoviruses—particularly types 3, 7, and 21, responsible for 10– 20% of
pneumonias in childhood. Adenoviral pneumonia reported for 8–10% mortality
Relief
rate in the very young.
Adenoviruses are the cause of an acute respiratory disease syndrome among Perskindol Open
military recruits. This syndrome is characterized by fever, sore throat, nasal
congestion, cough, and malaise, sometimes leading to pneumonia. (types 4 and
7 and occasionally by type 3).
10 Eye Infections
Mild ocular involvement may be part of the respiratory-pharyngeal syndromes
caused by adenoviruses.
Pharyngoconjunctival fever tends to occur in outbreaks, such as at children's
summer camps ("swimming pool conjunctivitis"), and is associated with types 3
and 7. Duration of conjunctivitis is 1–2 weeks
A more serious disease is epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. This disease occurs
mainly in adults and is highly contagious.
11 Gastrointestinal Disease
However, two serotypes (types 40 and 41) have been etiologically associated
with infantile gastroenteritis and may account for 5–15% of cases of viral
gastroenteritis in young children.
Adenovirus types 40 and 41 are abundantly present in diarrheal stools. The
enteric adenoviruses are very di�cult to cultivate.
12 Other Diseases
Immunocompromised patients may su�er from a variety of casual and severe
adenovirus infections.
The most common problem caused by adenovirus infection in transplant
patients is respiratory disease that may progress to severe pneumonia and
may be fatal (usually types 1–7).
Children receiving liver transplants may develop adenovirus hepatitis in the
allograft. In addition, children with heart transplants who develop myocardial
adenovirus infections are at increased risk of graft loss.
Patients with acquired immunode�ciency syndrome (AIDS) may su�er
adenovirus infections, especially in the gastrointestinal tract.
13 Laboratory Diagnosis Detection, Isolation, & Identi�cation of Virus

Serology
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14 Treatment
There is no speci�c treatment for adenovirus infections.
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Presentation on theme: "Adenovirus."— Presentation transcript:

5 Classi�cation Classi�cation Schemes for Human Adenoviruses

6 Adenovirus Infections in Humans

13 Laboratory Diagnosis Detection, Isolation, & Identi�cation of Virus

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