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    18 views17 pages

    Motion in Plane + Circular Motion

    Uploaded by

    Nayan Bera

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Motion in a Plane 1 eee te (PROJECTILE) 1. A projectile is an object which is p intitial velocity making an angle with the hor 2. As a matter of fact its.rhotion is the resultant of a horizontal motion with constant velocity andthe vertical motion with a constant 2c celeration (acceleration due to gravity). If air resistance is negligibee, then the path traced by it is a parabola. 3. In case of such motion, the horizontal velocity remains constant throughout its motion. 4. At maximum height, therefore, it possess both momentum and K.E. 5. Time of accent (Tq): It is the time taken to reach the maximum height. uy =u sine Ve oe : t pu. using | Tz 2 a Soe ke mM Ups Klose <— RANGEZR —» 6. Time of decent (Tq) : It is the time taken to reach the ground from maximum height Ta = Ta lif resistance is negligible]. 7. Time of Might (Ty) : J is the total time taken to reach from ground to ground, 2u sino = 8. Maximum Height (H) : It is the maximum vertical distance travelled. . $. Horizontal Range (R)°: It is the total horizontal distance travelled in total time of flight. R = H2 2sino cosce _u? sine. g 8 Mo‘, a ina Plane 67 10. Maximum Horizontal Range maximum, when angle of projection a : Horizontal range is Rina = 8 11. For two different angle of projection (o and Q), the horizontal me for a given velocity of porjection, if 8+a=90", or, @=(90°-a) EXAMPLES 1. A projectile is projected at an angles of 30° from the horizontal with a velocity of 98 m/sec. Calculate (a) time to reach the maximum height, (b) maximum height, (c) Time of flight (d) Horizontal range. Ans. (a) 5 sec, (b) 122-5 metre, (c) 10 sec, (d) 490V3 metre (a) We have time of accent ext te sino ae 7 oy = see. (b) Maximum Height 1 aay 98x 98x 4 usin? 4_980_ Ha agen ee 1225 mete (©) Time of flight Ty = USING _ 10 sec, 8 @ Horizontal Range. Raw sin2a _ 2 ing. Cosa 8 & 2x98x 9x by B =———..—_—— = 49013 metres. 98 2. A cricketer throws a ball with a velocity of 60 m/sec. at an angle of 60°. He then runs. to catch the same ball. What should be his minimum velocity so that he may catch the ball before it striks the ground. Aus. 30 m/sec. The minimum horizontal speed of the cricketer. 2 uy =u cosa = 60 30 msec. 68 3. a Numericals in Physics ‘A man can throw a ball to a maximum horizontal distance of 100 my then what would be maximum vertical distance upto which he cay throw the ball assuming the ball to have same initial velocity. Ans, 50 metre. ie tall fa 00 Here, Ra =p = 100; Hmax= 59" 79 = 50 metre . Aman can throw a ball to a maximum vertical distance of 200 metre: then what would be the maximum horizontal distance upto which he can throw the ball, assuming the ball to have same initial velocity, Ans. 400 metre. ‘What should be the angle of projection from horizontal, so that a body may cover (1) Maximum vertical distance and (2) Maximum horizontal distance. Ams. (1) 90°, (2) 45°. . What should be the angle of projection so that, (1) horizontal range cf a projectile is equal to its maximum vertical height, (2) Explaine does this angle depend upon the velocity of projection. Ans. (1) tan~! (4); (2) No. 2 sinc 2 sin 20. Here, R =247Sinovcoste oa Ho ‘ia 8 2u? sino coset. 5 Hence, ~SSose. - g 28 tana=4 0. a stan“! (4) If the maximum height attained by a projectile is equal to the maximum horizontal range of another projectile then what will be the ratio of their velocity of projection. Ans. V2: 1 . A body is projected at an angle of 30° from horizontal, what should be the other angle of projection for which the horizontal range will be same. Ans. 60° The horizontal range will be same for two different angles of projection, if a+0=90° o=90°-8. 10- 12. 14. « A ball is projected in order to cover maximum horizontal rang: Motion in a Plane 69 Jn the above question, if Hy and H) are the maximum vertical distance -covered in the two cases, then what is the relation between Range, Hy and Hy. Ans. R= 4 VH, He It is observed that for two different angles of projection the horizontal range is same. If the maximum vertical distantces covered in the two cases are respectively 36 and 25 metre, then calculate the horizontal range. Ans. 120 metres. . A man can jump a maximum horizontal distance of 2m, then with what minimum velocity he should run horizontally along the road in order to cover the same distance in same time. Ans. 3-13. m/sec. Rmax = Wg: w= V2g Horizontal velocity = u cosce = V2g -x cos 45° A projectile is projected at an angle of 60°, if its time of fizht is 16 sec, calculate its horizontal range. Ans. 724-2 metres. We can prove that, 1? gP _9-R x 16 x 16 oR anc. 2x V3 tana = = 724-2 m. e. In this ve tnd: case what will be the ratio of its maximum horizontal maximum vertical height ? Ans. 4:1. Here, angle of projection @ = 45° we fg Ba = A projectile is thrown making a certain angle with the horizontal. 1 its time of accent is four second, then calculate the maximunt vertical distance covered by it. Ans, 78-4 metic. Hence, Hay = = 5 X OSS Ax 4 = TH metre question, if the time of flight is equal to ® second then te the mavunum vertical distance covers An. 78-4 mere. Ty)? . deds (%) =q5 yt BRO8x8 B=78 -m 2 710 Numericats in Physic: 16. A projectile is projected at an angle of 60° from the horizontal, Ay maximum height does it possess (1) Velocity (2) K. pg, (3) Momentum. Ans. (I) yes. (2) yes. (3) yes 17. A projectile is projected at an angie of 60° from the horizontal, Calculate its K. E. at maximum height, if its initial K. E. is E. Ans. E/4. Velocity at maximum height: Vy =u coset. Initial K. B= hme A el K.E. at maximum height Ey = 3 Vi? 5 Muercos?o 2 5 E, = E cos*a| = E/4. 18. Inthe above question calculate its momentum at maximum height, if its initial Momentum is ‘M’. Ans. M/2. Initial Momentum, M = mu Momentum at maximum height, My = Vx = mu cosoe M, = Mcosa] = 2 19. In the above question, calculate the P. E. of the projectiie at the maximum height. 3E 4 Ans. 7+ 20. A bullet is fired horizontally at an object P from B. The object P starts falling the moment the bullet is fired. Prove that the bullet will hit the object. Let the bullet hits the object P at C. Let it Pp B happens in time ft. For the bullet, since its vertical velocity is zero, hence =PCat op H=PC=> gi For the object, its initial velocity is also zero. therefore distance travelled in time /, 1 ath i? PC = 5 gr. Hence, in time ‘1 the object and bullet both will be at C, therefore it will hit the object P at C. | 21. 22. 23. 24. 26. 27, 28, 29. Motion in a Plane n An aeroplane is flying a horizontally at a height of 400 metre with velocity of 1000 m/sec. A packet is dropped from it so as to reach a man standing on the ground. At what distance from the man should the packet be dropped (take g = 10nv/sec?) Ans. 8953-2 metre. ‘The distnace between the man and the packet at release | 2H 2 x (1000)? x 400 aN THN 9 t (400)? = 8953-2 metre. A body of mass m is projected at an angle of 45° from horizontal. Calculat .2e change in momentum from its departure and arrival positior: in a vertical direction, neglect air resistance. Ans. V2mu. A projectile is projected making an angle 60° with horizontal with a velocity of 147 m/sec. Calculate the time after which its inclination with horizontal will be 45°. Ans. 5-49 sec. a projectile is projected at an angle of 15° from horizontal. Its horizontal range is found to be 3-5 metre. What would be its range if it is projected at an angle of 45° from the horizontal ? Ans. 7 metre. . Two projectiles are projected with same initial velocity making an angle & and (90 — ox) with the horizontal. The ratio of their maximum vertical height will be equal to how much ? Ans. sin*a/cos?a. A projectile is projected into air. If its range is 200 metres and its time of flight is 5 sec, then calculate the angle of projection: (¢ = 10m/sec?.) Ans, tan ~! (5/8), An aeroplane is flying at a height of 1969 metre in a horis nts. direction with a velocity of 100 m/sec, when it is vertically above an object M on the ground it drops a bomb. If the bonb reaches the ground at the point N, then calculte the time iaken by the bomb te reach the ground and also find the distance MN. Ans. 20 seconds; 2000 metres. A projectile is projected with an initial velocity of Goes ms~! then calculate its horizontal range. Ans. 9-7 metre. In the above question calculate th: (1) maximum height and (2) Tune of flight Ans, (1) 3-2 metre, 1-6 sec. Q i a Circular Motion eee 1. Uniform Circular Motion : A motion in which a particle moves in acircle with a constant speed. Itis a case of accelerated motion, 2. Centripetal Acceleration : In order to maintain such motion an acceleration acts: at right angle to the direction of velocity. This acceleration is called centripetal acceleration, and it acts along the radius towards the centre of the 0 J > : circle. » vy Centripetal acceleration 3. Centripetal force : It is the force directed towards the centre. Its magnitude mv? = = mro r 4. A particle moving in a circle with variable velocity has tangential as well as centripetal acceleration. 5: dy sat (a) The tangential acceleration, fy = 4 » where v is the instantaneous speed. v2 (b) Centripetal acceleration, f=" * (c) The magnitude of the instantaneous acceleration is given by LeNiP +h (d) The tangential force = m # (e) The centripetal force =m ; 5. Motion of cyclist on a circular path : In order to maintait the motion the cyclist bends himself through an angle O from the vertical 2 where, tan ="— 8 7 Circular Motion 73 6. Banking of Railway lines and Roads : The outer rail is a little above the inner one which is towards the centre of the ised f ich curvature of the railway track or road. This is known as banking of railway F an v2 fines, the angle of banking 0 is given by tan6 ae 7, Motion along a vertical circle : (a) Atany point B, we have mv? T- mgcosa =~ (b) At the bottom, a=0" cose TT) -m, my 2 or, Tho ome Where v) is the velocity at the bottom and T, is the tension (c) Atthe top, @ = 180". cosa =—1 ‘ mv? T, +mg= or, Ty =mv?ir—mg Where T; and v; are the tension and velocity at the top position. (d) In order to maintain the circular motion, the minimem speed at the top is v, =Vrg and T,=0 and, (e) minimum speed at the bottom is V2 =V5rg, and T; =6 mg. (f), At C, when o = 90°, we have cosa = 0 2 _ mv er Solving we get, ve=V3rg and T;=3mg EXAMPLES 1. A wheel of radius 2 metre is making 60 revolutions per minute then calculate the linear velocity of a point on rim. Ans. 12-5 m/sec. © = 2nn =2nx st = 2m radiansee. Also, v = r@ = 2 x 2n = 12-5 msec. 74 Numericals in Physics 2. Calculate the linear velocity of the tip of a seconds switch of engi, 0-02 metre. Ans, 2:1 x 103 misec. 3. A gramophone is making 60 revolutions per minute. A coin of mass 12 gm is placed at a distance of 10 cm from its centre. Calculate the centripeteal force acting on the coin. Ans, 0-047 newton 2 2 my? _ m (or) “J 3 Centripetal force =~ = = mtr =m (2nn)?r 60 = 4n2x “(Hy 7p 7 0047 newton. 4. A body of mass 1-5 kg is making 2 revolution per second in a circle of radius 0-25m. Calculate (1) linear velocity (2) centripetal acceleration (3) centripetal force. Ans, (1) 3-14 m/sec. (2) 39-5 m/sec’, (3) 59-2 N. 5. The electron in the H; atom is making-6 x 10!5 revolution persee, calculate the centripetal force if the radius of the circular path is OS3A. Ans. 68 x 10-8 newton. 6. A body of mass 0:5 kg is rotated ina horizontal circle of radius 80 cm, calculate the dension if the body is making 5 revolution per sec. Ans, 394-7 N a ; morr 7. Mis observed that a string of length 8 metre breaks under a load of 515-64 ky. It this string is rotafed in w horizontal plane with a body-of mass 4 ky -Hached to its one end, then calculate the maximum number of revolute per see which this body ein do without breaking, the string Ans. 2 Leta be the massun no. of revolution per see, then my? Maxumune cision, Ting, = = mrs mn [2m Pr , Tinay 0 ee = tem 10. 11. 12. 14. 15. Circula: Motion 15 An object of mass 10 kg is rotated in a horizontal plane by means of a string of length 4 metre. Calculate the centripetal force, if the object is rotated with a constant speed of 6 m/sec, Ans. 90 N. In the above question, what will be the centripetal force, if velocity is increased 2 times and radius is halved. Ans. 720 N (increases eight times). Is it correct to say that a body in circular motion is in equlilibrium ? Ans. No. If a spirit level is rotated in a horizontal plane with tne help of a string, then where the bubble will lie ? Ans. At the inner edge. In uniform circular motion, calculate the work done. Ans. Zero. Calculate the power required to maintain the uniform circular motion. Ans. Zero. A circular disc is rotating in a horizontal plane with a time period of sec. At what distanc in of mass 10 gm may be kept so coin may remain stationary; ihe °* ‘ficient of A friction is 0-52. Ans. 1-274 metre. The centripetal force; F = ime ar pe te ots he Outi ow 1.274 metre. An object is moving in 9 avrizontal circle of radius 600 metre. If the speed is increasing at “xe rate of 8 m/sec, then calculate the acceleration of the particle when its speed is 60 m/sec. Ans. 10 m/sec?.; [acceleration = Vi + f,71- SN 6 ‘Numericals in Physics 16. A chain having 125 links is 125 em long. Its mass is 2 kg. Its ty. ends are connected and the chain is rotated with a frequency 59 revolution per second. Calculate the centripetal force on each link, Ans. 100m newtons. [F=m' wr). ‘A body of mass 0-5 kg is attached to massless spring of Spring constant 100 Nim whose other end is fixed. The length of the spring ig 0-5 metre. If the body is rotated in a horizontal plane with angular speed rad/sec, then calculate the elongatio: produced in the spring, 17. Ans. 0-01 metre. : morL Hint 31 = 77 ‘A rond of width 20 metre forms an arc of radius 15 metre, Its outer edge is 2 metre higher than its inner edge. Calculate for what velocity the road is banked. Ans.'14.7 m/sec. a tan@ =— LA + veNrgtand 2 2 2 for small angle, tan = sind = 3, i fe VEN ISxX98x a = V 14-7 m/sec. 19. A cyclist goes round a circular path of circumference 34-3 metre in V22 seconds. Calculate the angle through which the cyclist has to bent from vertical in order to maintain the balance. Ans. 45°. 343 Yn 2 34-3 x 34-3 x 2m ° =" el 4.5 See seas Ge 20. A cyclist is moving with velocity of 9-8 m/sec around a circular path of radius 17 metre. At what angle he should bent himself from the venital in order to maintain the balance ? Ang. 30°. A Scooterist is going round a circular path of radius 15 metre with a Velocity of 18 km/h. At what angte he should bent himself from the venical so thet he cen ineintain his balance, Ans. @ = ton! (1/6). Here, speed of the cyclis msec, and r= 33 ewe 22. 23. 24. 25. 26 27, Circular Motion 7 A sccoterist goes round a circular path of length 400 metre in 20 Second. Calculate the angle through which he bends from vertical in order to maintain the balance. Ans. @ = tan”! (0-64) Acar whose wheels are 1-5 metre apart has its C. G. 0-75 metre above the ground, Calculate the maximum speed at which it can go round an unbanked curve of radius 20 metre. ‘Ans. 14 misec. Let, A = the height of the C. G. and 2d = distance between the wheels my? red mv ch=mgxd 5 xh=mg or, i 20 x9-8 x 0-7: or, v2 =20%9:8X0-75 14 misec. 0-75 Calculate the maximum speed with which a car can take a turn on an unbanked curve of radius 15 m if the coefficient of friction between the road and tyres is 0-32. Ans. 6-85 m/sec. - IR = ng Vurg = ¥0-32 x 15 x9-8 = 6-85 misec. Calculate the smallest radius of the unbanked road over which a car can trurn with a speed of 9-8 mysec; if the coefficient of friction between the road and tyres is 0-2. Ans. 49 m. < There is a bridge in the form of an arc of radius 15 metre. Calculate the maximum speed of a car at the highest point of the bridee so that fhe car does not leave the ground. Ans, 12-12 m/sec. vaVrg=V15 x 9-8 = 12-12 msec. A pilot is pulling out of a dive at a speed 200 m/sec. If his path is a vertical circle of radivs 1000 metres, then calculate the total force which his body experiences due to the air at the lowest point, if his mass is 60 kg. Ans, 2988 N (upward). If F be the upward force then 2 z F- Mg = ME, or, -ME Me F 60 x 200 x 200 -8 = 2988 N. 1000 + 60X98 B Numericais in Physics 28. In the above question, if the pilot experiences an upward force 1009 kg, then what would be the rad..1s ? Ans. 260-5 metre. Mv? Mg 60x 200x200 _ or, T= 7900 & 9-8 — 60 x 9-8 = 2005 metre. 29. A body of mass 10 kg. is moved in a vertical circle. When the body ig at B, then calculate its tangentia, acceleration; [g = 10m/sec?) “Ans. Sm/sec?, 30. A bucket full of water is attached to a string of length 9-8 metre. The bucket is moved in a vertical circle with one end of the string as its centre. Calculate the minimum speed at the top if water does not fall from the bucket, Ans. 9-8 m/sec. Here the minimum velocity at the top = Vig 41. A sphere of mass 1 kg is tied to a string of length 10 metre. The sphere is rotated in vertical circle with ‘one end of the string as its centre. At the lowest position the velocity of the sphere is 80 m/sec. Calculate the tension in the string (1) at the lowest point (2) at the same level as the centre (3) at the highest point. ‘Ans. (i) 649-8 N- (ii) 62031 N (iii) 590.98 N (1) Atany point B 2 T- mgcosd =" 32. Es 34, Circular Motion 79 2 —-— T= + mgcosd At the lowest point; v = 80 m/sec, 6 = 0° mvp? 1x 80 Tp=— > + mg = x80 19.8 = 649.8N r 10 (2) At the point C, 8=90" ~. cos@=0 mv? . 1 m conservation of energy, 5 mv,? + mgr = 1 mvp? +0 fror 2 2d Ve = 78-76 m/sec... Te = 620-31 N. mvy? (3) At the point A; T, =~“ ~ mg. Solving, we get va=77:'51_ .. Ta, = 590-98 N. In the above question if the sphere is given a velocity of 20 m/sec at the lowest point, then it will be able to complete its motion on the circle. Ans. No; The minimum velocity required at the lowest point is =V5rg=V5 x 10x 9-8 = 22-13 m/sec. which is greater than the velocity (20 m/sec) given at the lowest point. A sphere of mass 10 kg is attached to a string of length 9-8 metre and is rotated in a vertical circle. Calculate its minimum speed at the (1) top, and (2) at the bottom (3) at the same level as the centre so that it may complete its rotation on the circle. Ans. (1) 9-8 m/sec. (2) 21-91 m/sec. (3) 16-97 m/sec. A bucket full of water is attached to one end of a string of length 10 metre. It is moved round in a vertical circle with the other « «! of the String as centre. Calculate the minimum no of revolution p: minute so that the water may not fall from the bucket. Ans. The mi imum velocity required is v=Vre or, =rg @? = rg or, (2nn)? = g/r n ag Ver 80 Numericals in Physics 35. In the given figure, from what minimum height a small body of mags A m should slide so that it may take a turn on a vertical loop of radius 4 m at C, (the surface ig smooth). Ans, 10 metre. 36. A-small sphere of mass m can slide over a frictionless vertical citcle of A c Ves B ij radius r. If the sphere is given a velocity equal to Vrg atc along the downward tangent as shown, then will it be able to just reach the highest point of the circle. Ans, No. 37. A small sphereof mass m is kept at A on a hemisphere of radius r. If it A ° is slightly displaced then where it will leave the surface which is smooth: Ans, At a ht. 2 above the centre. 38. A wire is bent in form of an arc of radius R, A. small body is placed on it which can move along it without friction.Calculate, what horizontal velocity may be given to the body at C so that it may reach again at the point N after flying a certain distance through the air Ans. \f re (

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