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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    10 views55 pages

    Chemical Equilibrium

    Uploaded by

    Adarsh Mishra

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 55
    felteuee ere ea) One eee Reversible Aemhon t Ac De Tae POT be freward ov we) an ce) e UNE) (AD P+q=— ess i? Sear a 2 Fy dD; a yt eee EEL De rary a al Se MLD an Red Seca fF For any vescion at equbium em oar ae Sac are pV Re laurel ela) Saale Mees ONL a ee Oren ne ar Roa aCe ea CT er eID. ORIN Yaised ty My Power cf Purein rterchomebic Cooruent ae LO oD Ut te auhive mam = a (Tt is cletesmind Seed cares CT eee Gi Cy fe eet NOB] ©) A04n eos dice omen ae eee ae Cee men] rag Deeds @ (3) @ @ a NAAT Ce coe a Pal aL ee a este U We ailtion ic Oe Ro aa aaa ee moot ras (When y= axtivly Co chidenl ) aan amy Peal Ddluhion = ym Gay ae) Zara GOe a = isa aes i aes Ee erro on Law of mass achen ic ye ce LI Sa Aes ae 7 @a + 6B == eC = 2 i pyr Lo LC ae en Sean ee yoeelaaadd oe eC Crear ae detal en er ee foucertas ee Neal) eas Aisles pe ries q SE Ti a oa ee reece Cea a Ae eve BD lcs nv wea) hb but ib path ol "NDS eae ae cael CL Eat lee | NM Bel alae CU a) Cy data Gelatin print, What over be be Urmdsbion to th soteatea — No Afern in moar aod in padi geet naka TEE ee TM or SOY Oe Ok ae a eae ee by Ce ie Cer efi a Ging tn A++c40 At petiicam nner Pat = kac.an Gl iz Ee. gi = See = n= cy > Jk aM te ca Oe replasasl r ae Pn, = Guus Cm a ey iar ee ve by ed cs bes 7 ifualoe We com defn tl Deer ae Pu = HRT ps Wy Vv eee) @ Ww — A kp = Lanai Cb a on ears) lap = is Pm res CO ens Car ip Si a eer Cea ro C7 ar i) ce tty fap &-bp er Here p = evtent of wochon, interme of Preise tere oma 3 se os a ee Pa Degree of dissociation ( Itis valid for single reactant system. GA == bB + eC tro Ww tig tory By fy « = No of moles reacted per unit mole taken %® ——> ¥ 1— 92 se = Ye Me Wy 0X bag 2 tnet aaelia 2NH == N+ 3H, tee 10 lo-27 7 ay te, WOM) beh 150 2HT === 4+ Ta feo lo t te lola) 5k 5h Q For the reaction Nx Oalg) @ 2NOx(@) ‘The equilibrium mixture was found to contain 2 moles of NzOx & ; tmoles of NOzin'@ 10 lit container at 300K; Calcolate Kp solution, Nyo4 == 2 NO, Ve tub Ts 30k R= FET. @vsoouaixse — gox0.082 7 Fer be Pry Pyog = eh Tabet tery Pr 1 et 0-082 te ten tte gry Spr = dene z 3PT Aranale Z a Nog ano, Const) x te ee He). 00" 905 w Tie Toe eh Kp = ke(#T) = 0.05 ¥0-D8Ix200 wo ‘Q Calculate the equilibrium concentration of He (g), I (9), & HI(g) at 300k if initially 2 moles of He, 8.2 moles of iz ae taken ina closed container of volume 10 it. Given Keq = 109 at 00K pn. Hyg Tye 2H an te 22 tel oe 2% tretcterte |Z) = 0 $n ne et x= % n 2-5/3 ary a (hist) = p> ARF wry Be BS LL 33 I > 1D 3 QA mixture of SO2,SOs & O2 is maintaining equilibrium ina 10 lit container. 2803 + 0; 2803 Ifthe no of moles of SO2 & SOs at equilibrium are equal. How many moles of O2 is present at ‘equilibrium. Given Ke = 100. solution. Ol te aA b+ ec t=o A bs 4 tete wel) boot Lane np = wlio) + Baee + Lok Fer pela =| eel | Ore ars 7 OF (Poteet ke te ty ee be Soe aAgs +b8q ——= lt A ord B a taken Ina wale 4 3 tty Irae Sobx on Yer np? CC + AD yp rekon 13. an Q Calculate the volume % of Clz at equilimum for a reaction Posi = Pdstgy + U2 > Given Kp=0.2, under a total equilibrium pressur solution Pog == Pos t+ 4, tee 4 k teh 1-8 pe HHO = Lee pos RENEE) Gabe |_| ue) ot ao o> > a oo ) {ha re of 2 atm. 2a? #) Wey 0-1 -0-1e0* ol ri Vat 7. Of = Mak f of Oy = Xuyx 100 Ted - 100 We t Shifting of equilibrium. ‘A reaction at equilibrium can be disturb by changing the temperature, pressure, volume & concentration. A+B = C+D Due to disturbance made the reaction restart in a perticular direction to achive the new equilibrium, point, we can say that the equilibrium has st Ex: - Removal of some D — Froward direction. Removal of some A — will shift the equilibrium in backward direction ‘Addition of some B — forward direction Addition of some C — backward direction. d in that perticular direction to the disturbence made. Q The degree of dissociation of N2O« gas into NO2 gas at 1.5 atm is 0,25. Calculate the degree of dissociation at a pressure of 10 atm keeping temperature constant. Note :- Data is always given at t = 0 or t = tea. solution: Nj0q == 2ND, kp 40029) yg = OSS SBE = o¢ ~@ 25)" 0457S, Pr = leat wie? N04 —=——2No, Ht tho 1 > Myog > pe Latest ep! ald ey, oh | i Pr wr leew! = l4en! 9 AND A vp = Trin 2 [eigen Pr)” 4a'Pr Frye Se ee “rt tes eT a i+ 04 = 4s"? x10 Tota 04 04a = 40D doe oae® = OF oe (404) = 04 eo = OF © 0074 QIn7 lit vessel 0.5 mole of Hz & 0.5 mole of l2 gas react at 427°C H2(g)_+ l2(g)_ = 2HI(g); Ke for the reaction is = 49, (1) What is the value of Kp & total pressure in the vessel at equilibrium? (2) What is the partial pressure of each gas at equilibrium? solution i RRS rer ee passe = ax Np = wo qn = O35 Qy-OF kobe dx ber O35 eS 0g hy = Qo tbo tu (c4d-oth 7 1 z Pay xu =MRT Go + bo +x (Ong) Ferg ~ (YD ORY HO Th ana=o irr = ante Pon, = 0°D82IK990_ 94, Wa 1, = 2HT os 05 © kp= 49 Pr, = PL, = XQY¥ Pr bas 95-% 0:5-% 2x Qnzo = ohysa) Shen Kye en tait og2latn ~) Par = Mare y= OB yay 2, Gu = 44 Peet + 6528 aim Ke 5 m4 solution: Q Ina vessel No and He are taken in a mole ratio 1:3, At 64 atm pressure, the % of NHo under (mole method) equilibrium is 33.33 by volume. Calculate Kp for the reaction. MN + 34, === 2Nng tee 1 2. 3 4) trte I 3-3H 2x job SLa Ie ip 4-2 149) (13 144 J Aye Pee 5 Key = SBE 5 Ming ar eo gaan Se PMS ate Et Gers) K sh tiny by lume = 35°53 ; 32 x (32)? Mole Yak Nay= rate frechom = GL AU ae Lease | aia TB Eee cn 4-2 i ia 1 > i 2 we bros i + = OS K64 7 kp =o O41tc .821 lit & heated to 1000 K. QAsample of CaCOs js introduced into a sealed vessel of volume Calculate the mass of CaO formed at equilibrium for the reaction CaCOx(s) = CaO(s) + CO2(g). Given Kp = 4*10%-2 atm solution. - bp = Pom = 4010* Po.xy = hw eT uo, = Peorxv = Sei *xo8e) - gx eT o-oB21¥ 1000 Moles of cao = 4x10 4 _ le Mess of ad = rig tse = 224 X16 +22 4mgr QA solid dissociate as Solid = 2NHs + CO2 In @ closed vessel the solid in equilibrium with its product. At equilibrium some extra NHs was added such that the partial pressure of NHs at the new equilibrium becomes equal to the total original equilibrium pressure. Calculate the ratio of total pressure at new equilibrium to that of original equilibrium total pressure. pole SP anayst solution Ald == 2NH, + WH, Aiege sp F bp| le eb le alee ko = Grr’ = 4P 31%, ve) ag? a ne fetintn (Py), = 2PtP = SP ae Mad PF $ a ke = PP P= 4h? i (ios setae = SIP! ‘Q Consider the equilibrium P(sol) + 2Q(g) = Rig) The reaction is at equilibrium with concentration of P as 3M Q as 4M. When the volume of the vessel is double suddenly & the equilibrium is allowed to restablished. The ‘concentration of Q at new equilibrium is 3M. Find (1) Kc of the reaction, (2) Equilibrium concentration of R at two different equilibrium stages solution: : Pes + 2.2q) ——= Ri aM 4M cM i Wee G=se elt tte L kes axqe ” 2g CCE ETE Gt vature double tke = feb he 43 15h OM & om" ab noaem = Atay rsx 242% A container of volume V contains a equilibrium mixture that consists of two moles of each of PCls gas,PCls gas & Clz gas the pressure is 3 atm & temperature is T. A certain amount of Clz was now introduced keeping the temperature & pressure constant until the volume becomes 2V. Calculate the amount of Clz that was introduced. solution Ab eke Now a moles of Clz was added. 2+e 2-* 249-% Peas = 24% 249-5 1 pasciTe (ela Me Meh Calo eee eee aoe ‘At any time t but not equal to teq, we write the same expression as that of equilibrium See nee carte Croan eer eee eens UN eae Sure eae CNR Rok ela Ce aes a Forward direction ee Coll ee ree eed Q=K eC eet an aR n of Q& K are same. Ce CT aed Cae Qn —> Kn eae) Ce carr a ane? pay bc = CA Ee sane Pare cae meres Parr Paar QLet Aig) = Bia) Pc) ae Sec eae eee ee aia? eee) er SO Eee 7 Ca aan i eres So reaction will move in forward direction. | pos A(g) = Big) 7 H ia Bal oy t=teq 2-p 1+p ers For any reversible reaction Eat eto DC) Tn eu Ue n(@A + bB = cC + dD) DOE Bee oean ECD) ea Te ea) eee co cC + dD = aA + bB- (3) pec eee et i Sa eee eer ae ae 3 non ee an a a oa tO) E=0 kha =O CE ae arse Ake == Bat |[ealstaea CMa Rae re) oz Cetra ner ante ed 2 % & PR Reecue sce Panerrestee oes Seer} Hyaroscppic substance ee OD Mes ON mes eats) become solid : ELCs he Me cer hac a nee pace ees cy (era Cey TD) Sa eNO Ra TO) Moist air Moist air oes ore eet ere Ma,6) + ¢6H,0(4) = mag, a on as 2? (4 COMET SRO RC ea COL Ca b) OR DE cae Mee Re RR CD pressure of HzO gas will be the best drying agent aad 2 = (ar i! (Frye) REEL an = Partial Pressure ot water Vapow vas Sere eens pert Re uC Cue ate ec icm aicus Vapour density and degree of dissociation. ates sd DICT me oad eee SU eC te ae Ce Ane aT) SEO ok eee OIE ee aa ee ace SA ee ACC eC tan ec Cd US PY oN a See Cee ee tb n NT = Go-Go +nane CA eae} Mt OU Sou eee ee ete Soa erie ie ua a Pry Ca Pe et as GeO Sian Meee CSR eld BA re Lae) = (elo? aan TTC Sees wis). jafeypo 2 et Mol- wt @bs) SPEC in Jesolo TAS Re eee eel) nhg ——= Awg) co cr . b Dra isa CnC} SS OR ete 7 OH sea Ices Be LCC ald Mol wt(ebs) Vbbes) P, AO a Oe erg Smee 1 Ol ee Tt ae ms geo’ a a re Stag S| So ert ae TT Rens toe ol, aos oy eo gS @ +282 53 —_ k, a ras Ar es a a9 rs ra eS PEE SNe NG el eT oy DOR BERS ea CR ole ed oa aa s SO ee ee OM CC eed Sa ae (I) which is an effective drying agent. VAS oom ON ed eden ee) (lll) At what R.H NazSOs will become delequscent (water vapour gain) Nt eet mene eke aCe un ete a Rene a WO Srd,enow = Sch e Ho +410 1g) kp= 6x10! (an es Pro = 1189 bes NCES ar a aerCay OMe eC eee) (eee eat ie [ee oe eas No, So4.10 HO (s) == No,So4 +10 H,0 eS Lue Coe ed SIC ne relent nk iit cad ee ee eS aE ee 9 Ry = 152 yin = 35-337 ued LaCie Bee SS Rene Reed ("\1) If RH above 33.33% it will become deliquescent. eerie awa) ak ead oe ee Uh (1) Calculate Kp Oy ee ec ce oa Ra Pe) solution Oe ee LECCE is De} Lae ELS “4 eee rT 64 aT oe Caan ord ra eT Z ev eT Did we ol rs 2 kp = (Pna)® _ (2245)? guts eras ices ee ers Fat res A ny) 4 ® N,04 == 2N0, era a MEM) js; hei?” MaHobs) a8 = pe(b=0) 2” pET eo ras call eee cay eT Cae f ens ae kp = {Fuoa) 5 Cae ae rae ns Bea nP ae ra . a Pe ae eo oe) ay a P i LT ad Ce Cae fo a ra ele Meee OMX a EE RCe eee a ee eR een) oll Pd5q) == Pusiqr + 4p CR LU RU [NODC en Cs Ce Pear rd (Cones 7 Poa anes ie a CoP pers ny @ | G20% “a Cys eee) be on) | ror eta eC Ey Pe ee fay = cr Cre Peery eal ere ee een (oe) ee nO Re Re a LU ca 1.16 times as fast as Kr(80) under the same condition of temp & pressure. fee emu eam TUL ouo) Tol loa te) poll. ke | pes Rmx 16 aaa i Ee A Rey ae ea @igy = 22 5 SO) Muni) = 82. = Xu, Ma, + XaMo (Ula Gl, =— ac os ace = Ge er ln =) CMa ed Sa Ce hed ye) ata = Ig @ape Ea (es 2 kp = Sor) Eee Ys Caro ce be = Ke(RD) p= 2 = OS a rca ay Orr anes QA mixture of Nz & O2 was heated to 2500K untill the equilibrium was established. Neo ROY SLE At equilibrium the volume % of NO was 1.8 Calculate the initial composition of the mixture in terms of mole fraction of N2 & Oz. Romie Ree ray - Ww — |00-w Ale 4» 8 Se lat lad * S er el Cie aa ss rea A ay =o 0 21x00 rOnie (Ce) Us oS . 2 eo oh 5 TTY a Yoo a DY ey = Cages) et ee RB Na @ (ome Cal ene CER ee CERES Ga Prec on Rae eee eT elae a a) 2 oo) \ Se >) 14 Ye mee we eos e* Jer or aan = aR San CS eee) era = | _ | ar Kouey | 5 te 1 ee Gee eee solution: Ag’ +anny = cou aa CET od Neer te oa earn oa & 10! 2ol jy % cae een a Seana) Simultaneous equilibrium When ever two or more equilibrium, gas established in a same container having at least one of TCM he etn CCM eu ue ro) pO an Tr array => [p) neal a cary Pu = Dip + 6 > kp Bor a rae EE Ms) => App = Sag —> rag eed hares Eo) a ey ears r rd Sait as) Parr eee es iad a ae es ® lo ered any a 3p ate Fe are eS aE) B+zE =—— GG Sema raat veer ees. Pi aeaet) Sr Seu 2) anes Q When NO and NO2 are mixed, the following equilibrium get established. 2NO2 = N2Os, Kp=6.8 NO + NOz = N2Os, Kp=? Initially NO & NO2 are mixed in mole ratio 1:2. The final pressure at equilibrium was 5 atm & the partial pressure of NzOs gas was 1.7 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas Eee nme aera Sel PS ee =— peo oo ert ee BR Sa ie al a ee % P= 2R-ZR-B + + oh tS ee aa al Se ea Nemec ony ere i (re er Ae ce ae - (Coy a) AH = OOFEO —O Cih= Cee NOL Chey ee Lea aap AO oS ‘i EZ eo! iy cat ore y ia ng Jf = 3G) Crore ews O55 Q When one mole of a gas is taken in a tlit closed vassel. The following equilibrium was Perna) eo one eee Od rt een mo nicer eet er te? er en Tae a ear a eer) SC aC eae ro eet ORE Ar cer hele aga cree From question Rear ne) 7 7 eres abe rd lam 37 24) SIEGE SD S a) Keegy] = des Poe) Nee ae tReet eRe ce een Ma Ws cn) eee en eC eee tee ten cae Perec ne he eo Rei ue SO Wu ec Ca eeeeReau oeecele NEC tee ene Re i CCRC E¥ H20(e) ———> #,0(q) (Phase change as well as state change.) ne en ee ee ae trey See ey CT aL, De ee AGC RT) ae ee Ip = ae fir LLY Pa (On > aoe any (a) Let ong zo CRYPT) eerie oy kp = % Dp ane QR Pane OO Te DE Percy ( let ang co (PT PL) a. RTT An en Farad) PP ri! aed > forint diatom fereite Weer Bp Rr CPT) See RAUL ROR. BURL es ire RR Rae eke eR eee ae a @) % Oty Do Ln ne ke = kelp r'eht) —> fewesd (Oe ea ay Pe Ss ea forse ce 4— backward See en eid formation of gas is higher. (OD) pe ain SO Lndepurdent ob Py SARC kn Cesk as cea ets ce erent R ray cent dere Prange) hha SA, === a sity Oe MRR eR SS REN NaC ear ce enn eyeay enero re enc eet a roeee Ac Pec ee To oa PS ce Hence all the three concentration will + OT an aT Ce eee a eC reer eC Croatoa Senn a a [ze = Lobel SCs] Hence to maintain equilibrium constant same, concentration of all the three term | Effect of inserting inert-gas (at constant Temp) Emule lip = y(lte a ag Ee rence _ iP aa a Oa) a 7 n PO OY PP ee alee Ty ong

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