eel Expected CroP Science - II °. CHAPTER — tchid's 77 Q. 1 (A) Fill in the blanks Marks - 06 1A. Fill in the blanks. anting of i Ps 1) faehae adsali sugarcane is done in the month of July 2) Seed rate of sugarcane is 25000 - 30000 sets/h 3) wee nae is a serious disease of sugarcane ae uring gul preparati ; F . ae ae Lio ts Eason point reaches ene Sweet oil or castor oil i 5) final stage a faectenet to prevent frothing of at 6) Cane should be crushed within 24 hrs. after harvest. 7) Pyrilla is a serious pest of sugarcane. 8) Woolly aphids is a serious pest of sugarcane. 9) Grassy shoot is a viral disease of sugarcane. 10) When sugarcane juice is salty kagzi lime juice is added in the boiling juice. 5 11) Hydras (sun powder) is temporary yellow colour to gul. 12) Indian cane has been originated from Saccharum barberi and Saccharum sinensis. 13) Sugarcane Research state. 14) State sugarcane Res Satara district. 15) Bagasse is used as 16) Molasses a by pro alcohol. 17) Sugarcane juice contains 11 to 14% sugar. : 18) The Brix reading between 21 to 249 Brix indic of cane. added in boiling juice to give station is located at Coimbtoor in T.N. earch station is located at Padegaon in fuel and for making paper. duct of sugarcane is used for preparing ates maturityOrchia, is Saccharum Officiner, i Expected Crop Science F sugarcane tanical name © , Grameneae. 5 : 19) Botanica snes 10 fa et Manjari (Puy Expected Crop Scierice I 20) Sugercaee ar institute is LOM Ne), | 9) Sorghum bicolor is BN 21) Deccan Susi 10) CSH-12-R is variety of 11) CSH-1 is variety of Jo 12) Satpani is Fodder vari 13) Ramtek is variety of J 14) SPV-346 is variety of 15) MS-2077A and CS-35 16) CK-60A and IS-84 ar 17) Optimum tempt. ran; is 27-32%. 18) Sowing of Jowar seed is called as Dhool p 19) Grain Sorghum is g} 20) Kawali variety of Jc i ineae. 1) Wheat belongs '° fa ca 2) ‘Triticum aestivum is BN. of Bea oe 3) Seea rate of wheat varies from g/ha. tof wheat largely affects the quality of p,, . Gite oak wheat is used for making Rawa and Su ea &;. Hard wheat has been originated at Abyssinia. 7) Rainfed wheat is sown at 8-10 c-m- depth in soil 8) Irrigated wheat is sown at 3-5 c.m. depth in soil. of wheat is 88 kg/ha. 9) Optimum seed rate 10) Optimum tempt. range required for normal growth of whe is 7-21°e. 11) Sonalika variety of wheat matures within 105 days. 12) Kalyansona variety of wheat matures within 116-120 days 1) Bidi type Tobacco 13) Malvika variety of wheat matures within 120-125 days, }@2) Nicotine content 0 14) Research work on wheat in Maharashtra is carried out 4f@3) Nicotine content 0 Agriculture Research Station (A.R.S.) Niphad. 4) Tobacco seedling @ 15) Lok-1 is variety of Wheat crop. sufficient for plan 5) Seed rate of tobac 6) Orobanche root | © 1) Jowar has been originated from India and Africa. 7) Harrison's specia 2) Jowar plant starts synthesizing Hydro cyanic acid (HCN)] ©) Tobacco belongs from germination up to 8 weeks. 9) In pit storage To ey 7 ae is the root parasite of Jowar. an Nicotiana tobac jowar seed is treated with sulphi 1) Tobacco is impo f smut disease before sowing. pher powder to prevent $ 5) Wani vari 7 a oe variety of Jowar is used for hurda purpose. ) M-35-1 is variety of Jowar crop. 1) Potato belongs 2) Solanum tuber 3) South America ‘Up to date’ is 9 ae 7) Seed rate of fodder J ‘ . jowar varies f, y 8) Nilwa is fodder variety of jowae ao anesExpected Crop Science -II Orchid’s 9) Sorghum bicolor is B.N. of Jowar crop. 10) CSH-12-R is variety of Jowar crop. 11) CSH-1 is variety of Jowar crop. 42) Satpani is Fodder variety of Jowar crop. 13) Ramtek is variety of Jowar crop. 14) SPV-346 is variety of Jowar crop. 15) MS-2077A and CS-3541 are the parents of CSH-5. 16) CK-60A and IS-84 are the parents of CSH-1. 17) Optimum tempt. range required for growth of Jowar plant is 27-32%. 18) Sowing of Jowar seed in dry soil before the on set of monsoon is called as Dhool perni. 19) Grain Sorghum is grown in Kharif. 20) Kawali variety of Jowar is used for Pop grains. bacco Bidi type Tobacco is mostly cultivated in Maharashtra. Nicotine content of Nicotina rustica varies from 3.5-8%. Nicotine content of Nicotina tobacum varies from 0.5-5.5%. Tobacco seedlings grown in 1 hac. area of nursery are sufficient for planting in 80 ha land. : Seed rate of tobacco is 2-3 Kg/ha nursery area. Orobanche root parasite is found in Tobacco. Harrison's special is variety of Tobacco crop. Tobacco belongs to family Solanaceae. In pit storage Tobacco is cured for 1-2 weeks. 10) Nicotiana tobacum is botanical name of tobacco. 11) Tobacco is important Drug crop. Pot 1) Potato belongs to family Solanaceae. 2) Solanum tuberosum is the B.N. of Potato. 3) South America is the native of Potato. 4) 'Up to date’ is variety of Potato crop.Expected Crop Science - II 5) Central Potato Research Station is located at Simla, 6) ‘Bangadi' is disease of Potato crop. 7) In Aran system Potato can be stored well for 3-5 Month, 8) Potato requires tempt. between 15-25% for better stows ‘e 9) Kufri chandramukhi variety of potato matures within 7 80 days. £ 10) Yield of kufri lavkar variety is 250 Q/ha. |, 11) In cold storage potato are stored at 1.5-5°c tempt. § 12) Kufri sinduri variety of potato yields about 300 to 375 13) Up-to-date variety of potato matures in 90 to 95 da: yields about 150 to 200 Q/ha. 14) Kufri chandramukhi variety of potato matures withi 80 days and it yields 250-300 Q/ha. 15) Kufri Lavkar variety of potato matures within 65-70 days, 16) Kufri Sindhuri variety of potato matures within 90-95 days, 17) State potato research station is located at Khed (Pune), Chilli 1) ‘Jwala’ is the variety of Chilli crop. 2) The recovery of dry chilli is 25-30% of fresh wt. 3) Bulnose variety of chilli used for vegetable purpose. 4) Sankeshwari is variety of chilli used for long pungent. 5) Picking of green chillies starts from 90 days and that of red chillies from 105 days after transplanting. 6) Lavangiis local variety of chilli crop. 7) Chilli contains vit. ¢. @8) Pungency in chilli is due to Capsaicin content. 9) seed rate of red Pepper is the 1.5 kg/ha. 10) Capsicum annuam is the B.N. of chilli. @11) Red colour in chilli is due to Capsanthin. @12) The origin of chilli is Brazil. 13) Chilli belongs to family Solanaceae. 14) /Sankesnwari' is pungent variety of Chilli Crop. Qha, ‘YS and it | N75 toExpected Crop Science - I Orchid’s [5 Seed rate of turmeric is 2000-2500 Kg mother set. Usually rhizomes are used as planting material in tumeric. Curcuma longa is B.N. of tumeric. . Middle chrome an artificialdye used for polishing the turmeric. 5) Turmeric required tempt. range between14-40% for growth. 6) Turmeric belongs to family Zinziberaceae. 7) Research on turmeriejn maharashtra is done at A.R.S. Kasbe digras (Sangali). 22Rue 1) In Maharashtra planting of Ginger is done from 15 May - 15 June. 2) Medicinal product obtained by drying ginger rhizomes is called as Sunth. . 3) Ginger belongs to:family Zinziberaceae. Ginger rhizomes are cured by Surat and Malbar method: In Malbar method rhizomes are dipped in lime water solution for white washing. 6) 'Rio-de-Joinery’ is variety of ginger crop. Ginger crop matures in about 7-8 months after planting. 8) Zinziber officinale is B.N. of ginger. About 1000-1200 Kg sets are required to plant ginger in one ha. 10) Ginger is propagated through rhizome. ‘Early granno’ is the yellow salad variety of onion crop. 2) 'Pusa red’ is the variety of onion. 3) Allium cepa is B.N. of onion. 4) Onion belongs to family Liliaceae. 5) Incold storage onion are stored at 1-2% tempt. 6) Seed rate of onion for seed purpose is 1200-1300 Kg/ha.Expected Crop Science - II - 7) Seed rate of onion for bulb purpose is 5-6 Kg/ha_ 8) Pungency in onion is mainly due to presence of y, allyl propyl disulphide in bulbs. Gram 1) BN. of gram is Cicer arientinum. @2) Chaffa is the variety of gram crop. @3) Gram leaves secretes malic acid called as ‘Amb. 4) Topping or Nipping operation is done to increase branch of gram plant. 5) Seed rate of gram varies from 40-60 Kg/ha. 6) Kabuli is variety of gram crop. 7) Warangal is variety of gram crop. 8) Gram is imp. rabbi pulse crop of India. Olatij, a ber 1) Seed rate of pea 20 to 30 Kg/ha. 2) Average yield of pea 600 to 700 Kg/ha. 3) Watana belongs to family Leguminoceae. ®4) Botanical name of pea is Pisum sativam, 5) ‘Bombay green’ is variety of Pea crop. Botanical name of Masur is Lens esculentum. Masur belongs to family Leguminoceae, Seed rate of Masur is 8 to 10 Kg/ha. 4) Yield of Lentil is 4 to 5 Qyha. ©5) Protein content of lentil is 26%, @1) Oil content of Safflower j 2) Seed rate of pure to 15 Kg/ha. 4) Bhima is variety of P. Safflower cro;Orchid’s [7 4 Crop Science - I Expecte Safflower belongs to family compositae. Safflower grown for oil and dye purpose. Dye is obtained from flower heads of safflower. jg) Red and yellow dye obtained from flower of Kardi. Oil of Safflower is good for heart patients as it contains Poly unsaturated fatty acids. 10) Origin of safflower is Abyssinnia and Afganistan. @ 1) Oil content of linseed varies from 35 to 44%. | | 2) Linseed belongs to family Linaceae. 3) Solapur 36 is variety of linseed crop. 4) Seed rate of Jawas is 10 to 15 Kg/ha. in small seeded varieties. | 5) Seed rate of Jawas in big seeded varieties is 20 to 24 Kg/ha. | 6) Linseed crop matures within 100 days. | ‘Gall fly’ is serious pest of Linseed Rabi crop. | Mohari belongs to family cruciferae. 2) Oil content of mustard is 30 to 48%. 3) Seed rate of mixed mustard is 2 to 2.5 Kg/ha. 4) Seed rate,of pure mustard is 4 to 6 Kg/ha. 5) Sawfly is serious pest of mustard crop. 6) Mustard matures in about 75 to 100 days. 7) Mustard is sown in the month of Sep- and October. 8) Oil content of white mustard varies from 25 to 33%. | 9) Oil content of white mustard is 25 to 33%. 10) Kranti is a variety of Mustard Crop. cal name of lucern. Leguminoceae. 50 to 60 days after P! 1) Medicage sativa is botani 2 ; 7 Lucern belongs to family = in ) First cutting of lucern is at 4) Seed rate of lucern is 20 to 25 kg/ha.Expected Crop Science - II Orchid’s @5) Lucern contains 18 to 19% crude protein. 6) Egypt is the origin of Berseem. 7) Trifolium alexandrium is the botanical name of Berseem crop! 8) Family of Egyptian clovery is leguminoceae. 9) Seed rate of Barseem is 10 to 15 Kg/ha. 10) Average yield of Berseem is about 20 to 25 tones gf/ha. 11) Oatis mainly grown as fodder crops butoccasionally grow as grain crop. 12) Brunker 10 is variety of oat crop. 13) Western 11 is variety of oat crop. @ 14) Meskawi is diploid variety of Berseem crop. 15) Seed rate of oat is 70 to 80 Kg/ha. @ 16) Botanical name of oat is Avena sativa. 17) Oat crop matures within 120 days after sowing. Farm Management 1) Farm inputs are classified as recurring and non recurring inputs. 2) Unpaid labour and paid labour are main two types of farm labour. 3) In general about 2% of the farm area should be given to the construction of farm stead. 4) The tabular information indicating the type of workdone on each crop during it's life cycle is called as calender of opration. 5) Record of all the Reco property that farme: i intai in diary called as inventory. glaciers: +++ Expected Cro CHAPTER Q1B De 1) Multi 2) Pudd 3) Rabb 6) Sexpected Crop Science - II CHAPTER Orchid’s [> Q. 1 (B) Define following (any two) Marks - 02 Q.1B Define following. (any two) H) Multiple cropping : It is the practice of taking two or more crops one after another on same field in a year is called as multiple cropping. 2) Puddling : Practice of ploughing land with light wooden plough in « standing water is called as puddling. 3) Rabbing : Rabbing is the practice of burning the residues of the crop in the field to keep the land free from weed seeds and pest i.e. partial sterilization of upper layer of soil. 4) Retting : Dipping the harvested stalks in water so that it partially rots and the mucilaginous substance and pectin is weakened allowing to the fibre to be easily seperated from the rest of the stem. 5) Roguging : Removal of off'type plants from ‘the hybrid seed production plot is called as roguging. 6) Seed: Any material used for planting or propagation whether it is in the form of seed, seedling, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, cuttings or grafts and other vegetatively propagated material is called seed. 7) Seed dormancy : It is an internal condition of a viable seed, which does not allow its actual germination, although suitable temperature, moisture and aeration are provided.Expected Crop Science - II Orchid’s [70 Expected Crop Scien 18) Weather : 2 8) Seed germination : : It means the resumption of growth by the embryo and It is day to the development of a young seedling from the seed. a given place. 9) Seed rate: 19) Weed : It indicates the quantity of seed to be sown per unit area, Any plant of place called 20) Acre - inch : It is the quant surface one in 921) Calendar of o It is a Tabular done on each | usually at acre or hectare. 9 10) Soil : . “Thin layer of earth crust along with organic matter’ for growth of the plant is called as soil. 9 11) Soil fertility : It is the inherent capacity of soil to supply essential nutrients to the crop plants. @ 12) Soil Productivity : It is the response of soil to management practices in terms of yield per hectare. © 13) Soil Profile: Soil profile is a vertical section of the soil passing through all it's layers or horizons extending upto the parent material. 14) Soil texture : Soil texture refers to the relative amounts of inorganic particles (sand, silt and clay) that are present in the soil. 22) Cropping sch Cropping sch farm manage Cropping sch grown on an getting maxi the fertility c 23) Crop rotatio Crop rotatio recurrent su @ 15) Spacing : 24) Cusec : Itis the distance between two rows and two plants within Quantity of row. ' second is kr 16) Staple length : Farm mana i . Farm mana; 7 Staple length is mean fibre length of cotton. one ormore 617) Tillage : lines for co It may be defined as breaking the Hard Compact Surface farm as a ¥. of soil to a certain depth and other operations that are followed for bringing the soil in a good physical condition for plant growth. 26) Farm labo © the labour work put 0Expected Crop Science - Il Orchid’s [41 18) Weather : It is day to day change in the behavior of atmosphere at agiven place. 19) Weed: Any plant not sown in the field by the farmer and is out of place called as weed. 20) Acre - inch : It is the quantity of water that will cover one acre of soi surface one inch deep. 21) Calendar of operations : It is a Tabular information indicating the type of work to be done on each crop during its life cycle. 22) Cropping scheme : Cropping scheme is the basis on which farm budget and farm management practices are decided. OR Cropping scheme is a plan according to which the crop are grown on an individual plot of the farm with an object of getting maximum return from each crop without loosing the fertility of the soil. 23) Crop rotation : Crop rotation may be defined as a more or less systematic recurrent succession of crops on the same land. 24) Cusec: Quantity of water flowing at the rate of one cubic foot per second is known as cusec. w. 5) Farm management : Farm management is defined as ‘organizing and managing one or more enterprises on the farm on scientific and business lines for continuously getting maximum net profit from the farm as a vhole’. ° 26) Farm labour : The.labour whose main source of income is on account of work put on the agriculture production.expected Crop Science - Il Orchid’s [73 | 5) Irrigation : It is the application of water to the soil for the purpose of supplying the moisture essential for plant growth. 6) Labour efficiency : It is the amount of productive work done on the farm per Jabour per unit time. 7) Mixed cropping : It is the practice of growing two or more crops on the same land at the same time, one being the main crop an the other one subsidiary. ex. Jowar + Tur, Cotton + Mung etc. 8) Mixed farming : Type of farming under which crop production is combined with live stock raising is called as mixed farming Ex. Crops and poultry, crops & dairying. 9) Monoculture : The practice of growing the same crop on the same piece of land year after year is known as monoculture. Ex. Paddy cropping in Konkan region. 0) Inventory : It is record of all the steady property that farmer owns at a particular date of the year. 1) Delta : Total depth of water spread over the irrigation area within the period of crop growth is called as delta. 2) Top dressing : Giving second dose of fertilizer to the standing crop is called as top dressing. 43) Soil erosion : Degradation or Denudation of the upper layer of soil is called as soil erosion. 44) Ratooning : Practice of growing second crop from the stubbles of Previous crop is known an ratooning.pected Crop Science - II Orchid’s Ts] Q. 2 Short notes. (any four) Marks - 08 Q. 3 Attempt any four. Marks - 08 Topping and desuckering in tobacco. Process of removing terminal buds with some tender leaves is called as Topping. After some days of topping i.e. 1 week of topping, lateral buds increases in size from the axil of leaf are called as suckers. Length of sucker should not be beyond 5 cm. so they should be plucked off. This operation is called as desukering. Both topping and desukering in tobacco is given to divert the nutrients to lateral branches and to improve the quality of leaf. Rayungan method of sugarcane planting. This method is commonly. followed for Adsali sugarcane near the river sides in the heavy rainfall area i.e. Kolhapur. In such area field get flooded during rainy season which affects on germination of sugarcane. Such sets, instead of planting directly into the field, are planted in nursery beds or plastic bags during June-July. Seedlings are prepared they are cared well in nursery. After danger of flooding over, these seedlings are transplanted to main field. Aspects of farm management. Choice of an enterprise. Selection of farm. Suitable layout of farm. Preparation of cropping scheme. Preparation of calender of operation. Equipping farm with necessary inputs. Management of farm labour.Expected Crop Science ience - I Expected Crop Science — so is done 90 days afte the ski nicking for green chilli purpose is do : = 3) Picking for green cl “ : transplanting: ; : ii) nos thiz, 4) Green fully developed chillies are picked from plan io ont t in at an interval of 10 days. 7 7 a“ pe ili markef - 5) Such satel chillies are graded and send for iv) Peeled thi immediately. een 6) Picking of green chillies continuous upto 3 months. vy). The pro 7) Picking for red chillies is done 105 days afte vi) Peeling a transplanting. ee 8) Fully matured red colour chillies are picked up at a vii) It is slow interval of 3-4 days in rainfed chilli and 5-6 days i well main irrigated chilli. b) Malbar ‘n 9) These fruits are then graded sun dried and send td 10) Yield for green chillies - 80-100 q/ha. 1 Q.% Ans. 1 2) It is evolved from ARS Mohal in 1934. 3) Itis drought resistant varieties. 4) It matures within 125-130 days. 5) 6) 7) Q. 10 Ans. a) i) market after packing. Average yield of dry chillies a) Rainfed - 5-6 q/ha. b) Irrigated - 15-20 q/ha. 1) Recovery of dry chilli is 25-30% by fresh weight. Maldandi [M-35-1] variety of Jowar. ) Itis rabi variety of Jowar. It is grain cum fodder variety. Grains are bold and white coloured. It can be gro as rainfed as well as irrigated crop. Yield for rainfed crop - 10-12 q/ha. for irrigated crop - 20-25 q/ha. Curing in Ginger. Ginger is cured by following methods. Surat method :- Rhizomes are cleaned and soaked in water, for loosi i) Rhizomes ii) After thei iii) They are iv) Peeled rh for 6 hrs. v) After wh about 12 vi) Lime wa repeated product. vii) Such ble e product 1 Q.11 Cultivati Ans. 1) Landisd across th 2) Flat beds 3) Berseem mixing # 4) As berses mixed v sowing. 5) Seed rateCrop Science - 11 the skin, ii) When rhizome become: taken out from the wat iii) Skin is peeled by usi shells. iv) Peeled rhizomes soft and peel easily they are 18 bamboo knives coirs or sea are washed in cles ‘i in sun for 3-4 days and hand rubbed. ree v) The process is repeated for 2-3 times, vi) Peeling should be d ef i i oe ‘one carefully without affecting vii) It is slow method but flavour of rhizome should be well maintained. b) Malbar method :- i) Rhizomes are cleaned and soaked in water. ii) After their softening they are taken out from water. iii) They are peeled 2-3 times by bamboo knives. iv) Peeled rhizomes are soaked in 2% lime water solution for 6 hrs. for white wash of ginger. v) After white washing they are sulphur fumigated for eigh about 12 hrs. in a fumigation chamber. vi) Lime water and sulphur fumigation treatment is repeated for 2-3 times for giving white colour to the product. vii) Such bleached rhizomes are dried in sun and dried product is sold as ‘Sunth'. . 11 Cultivation of Berseem. ns. 1) Land is deep ploughed and three harrowings are given. across the slope. zt 2) Flat beds are prepared and sowing is done in it. 3) Berseem is generally sown by broadcasting in bed and mixing the seeds with soil. es 4) As berseem seed is small and hence before sowing it is mixed with fine sand in 1:1 proportion for even sowing. Seed rate is 10 to 15 kg/ha.ience-II be ence ember. expected Crop a from 15th october to 15th Nov 6) It is so i ‘8 i iven at 30 days interval 7) Two hand weeding see ie p20s/ha is added befor as mo 8) 20-25 tones FYM ani 6) The n last harrowing. get earl e given at 1! 15 Curin i a ight irrigations are Q. fter sowing first two lig : ae L 20 days in winter and 10 to 12 days in sum' ‘Ans. 1) Thea i f Berseem. Q.12 Harvesting o} nal 2) Ther es i days after sowing. Ans. 1) First cutting is available 50 to 60 a Ubagh inter 3) Ther 2) Other cuttings are obtained at abou aa before flowering. : . 4) They 3) Inall 4 to 5 cuttings are obtained upto mid of wel ) oe 4) Average yield of berseem is about 20-25 tones gf/ha. 5) They Q.13 Cold storage of potato. ee grou Ans. 1) Itis the best method of storing potatoes with minimu 6) They loss in weights and long term storage. 7) Fully 2) Incold storage fully matured and healthy potatoes ar and] stored at tempt. between 1.5% to 5°c with 75 to 80 8) If pr humidity. d rubb 3) Potatoes are stored well for about one year at 1.5! 9) If pr tempt. and at 5° tempt. for about 30 to 36 weeks. revo 4) Loss in weight during storage was about 5% after 10) "Tur month at 5° and 9 months at 1.5%. ois 5) The loss in wt is more if potatoes are stored immediatel 0.16 Farn after harvesting so should be kept in shade for on nat Defi week after, harvesting and then stored. bun os Sun curing of tobacco. perf Ans. 1) Sun curing is most common method of tobacco curin, Importa 6 P followed in India. 1) Itsh 2) This method ‘is followed for curing bidi, chewin; 2) Shox hookah, snuff and low grade cigarette tobacco. 3) Shov 3) In this method first lower leaves are picked and drie 4) Indi in sun. 5) Shox 4) Later on whole plant are cut and left upside down year, dry in field for 3 to 7 days. i 6) Hel;5 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) pected Crop Science - I 6) The midrib veins and lamina Orchid’s [37] midrib known ) The leaf portion is stripped off from the as motiphul in Nipani area, : are collected separate} Curing of Turmeri ee ) The cleaned finger rhizomes A : are cured by boiling in an iron pan. y boiling them 2) The rhizomes are cooked in water for 2.5 to 3 hours. 3) The rhizomes are boiled in water till a froth comes out and white fumes appears giving out characteristic odur. The rhizomes becomes soft and breaks easily when pressed between fingers. They are taken out of the nan and spread on a hard ground for sun drying for ibout one to two weeks. They are stirred 3 to 4 times for uniform drying. Fully dried rhizomes are again cleaned of roots if any and polished. If produce is in small quantity then it is polished by rubbing with hand against hard ground. If produce is in large quantity polishing is done by revolving drum. 10) 'Turmeric powder' or ‘middle chrome’ is used for colouring the rhizomes. Farm records. Definition :- Farm records are the past history of farm business giving information about the ‘past performance. Importance. It shows profit or loss in business. Shows yield of different crops and livestock. Shows the annual receipts and expenses. Indicates the dates of various farm operations. Shows requirements of the labour at various time ina year. Helps“in calculating loss and profits of differentOrchiay scie art tof cultivation of ec on He eth jgramme on the fa, 108 petween Partng wis ap je rature POE c spule 1 setting ae 3) Cash register 3) Production Te 4) Wages register 5) Seed register: 6) General register. 7) Feed register. 8) Farm Inventory: Q.17 Characteristic of good fodder crops. ‘Ans. 1) Fodder should be palatable and easily digestible. 2) Itshould not be injurious at the stage at which iti to cattle. 3) Itshould be quick growing and early maturing. 4) Itshould give high yield of green fodder. 5) It should give maximum no. of cutting when ¢) under irrigation. 6) It should be nutritious, 7) Itshould need little tillage and ca: 8) Itshould be capable of re 2.18 Varieties of gram. Ans. 1) Chafa : 2) Warangal 3) N-59 4) N-31 gister- Preserving as hey. ted Crop Science: 5) Phule G- 6) BDN - 93 7) Phule G-9 8) G-12 9) Vijay 10) Annegiri Ratoonit It is a pr previous expec Q.19 Ans- Importance 1) Ratoon : material 2) It get be 3) Ratoon yield as 4) Only or pest an Q.20 Puner Ans. 1) Land i "direct 2) The sf 3) The ci point. 4) 6to8 5) First to5s 6) Secor 2to3 7) Seed 8) This prod Q. 21 Impe Ans. 1) Puls of pr ea.expected Crop Science 7 6) Thatches are se second important constituent diet after cereals, oe vn on all types of Soils: can be gro’ s 7 They give ready cash to farmer. oe » a sung i tmospheric nitrogen into emibigs 5) Pulses being legumes fix atmosp! The bambe due to tran: soil. : ; a i tation, mixed ang, lay im] ortant role in crop rot : n at 7 They Ping a8 they help in maintaining soil fertility, i er i i] in the form 7) They add organic matter into the soil in of leaf mould. 8) Pulses are generally not 8) This method can be store¢ Q. 24 Importance Ans. 1) Oilseed croy manured. i climate. 9) They are nutritional. ; ea 10) They provided row material to industries Ex. Dal ) mee im industry, papad industry etc. Step eee Q. 22 Maturity signs of sugarcane: a 4) They provi soaps, pain 5) They contr diet. 6) Edible oil 7), They prov Ans.1) General yellow colour of whole crop- 2) Cessation of growth and emergence 0} of flowering varieties. 3) Swelling of eye buds. 4) Metallic sound of cane when tapped with finger nail 5) Breaking of cane at node region. £ flowers in ca 6) Sweetness of juice. making bi 7) Brix saccharometer or hand refractometer reading 8) The legum 9) They gives sure sign of maturity and it should be between 24 i 24° Brix. Q. 23 Pit storage of potato. e Q.25 — Bolting ir Ans. 1) When oni ‘Ans. 1) The pits of size 3 m x 1.5 m x 45 cm are dug in co premeny and shady place usually under big tree. oe 2) water is let into the pit and allowed to soak over nig! 2) a \ 0 3) The bottom and sides are smoothened and allowed of bulb dry for two days. 3) These bu! 4) Itis al from inside with Neem leaves and dried gr 4) The leave or trash. 5) Such bull 5) Trenches are made all around the pits and water is | 6) The see into it from time to time to keep down the tempt- germinat pit.pxpected Crop Science -11 ‘ Orchid’s [25 ‘hatches 6) Thatches are made over the pit to protect from rain 7) 8) Q. 24 Ans. 1) 2) 2) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) e oy) Q. 25 Ans. 1) and sunlight. The bamboo 2yS cee 90 chimneys may be placed inside the pit for facilitating the evaporation of moisture d a se isture deposit ne neh cletien of the stored tubers. aaa od is Joc: ly known as ‘Aran’ s\ . system. Potatoes can be stored for & to 5 months. eee ee of oilseed crops. Oilseed crops can be grown in all kinds of soil and climate. They are included in crop rotation with millets and pulses. They are valuable cash crops and source of foreign exchange. They provide row material for many industries like soaps, paints, lubricant etc. They contribute edible oil and vanspati ghee to human diet. Edible oil cakes are used to fed cattles. They provide non edible oil for industry and for making bio-insectieides. The leguminous oil seed crop maintain soil Fertility. They gives additional income to the farmer. Bolting in Onion. When onion crop is grown for bulb purpose some premature seed stalks are produced before completing the normal life cycle of the onion bulbs known as bolting. This is not desirable because the further development of bulb stops. These bulbs become fibrous and light in weight. The leaves and bulbs become unfit for consumption. Such bulbs do not have long keeping quality. The seed obtained from such bolts is poor in y weak. germination and seedlings are ver!Expected Crop Science - 12 Expected Crop Science - Q.28 Farm labour. Sedli ‘Ans. Definition ;- 27 The pers. on who: . account of work ihn main source of income a called as farm labour. the agriculture prodetents * is ‘Type of farm labour :- There are two mai in a) Unhired or ain types of farm labour. r unpaid labour. b) Hired or paid labour. a) Unhired labour :- For these labours ; : of their work put in at is not given on account Ex. :- Farmer himself and his fami b) Hired labour :- 's family members. They are of four types. 1) ‘Permanent labour : These labour are engaged for one year. ex. Salgadi. 2) Temporary labour :- These labours are engaged on daily wages for various seasonal operations. 3) Contract labour :- Some laboures farm a group and do some specific type of work together on contract basis. 4) Piece rate labour :- * These labour do work on quantity basis. Q. 29 Nipping in gram. ‘Ans. 1) Removal of the tips 0! topping Or nipping in gram. ; . 2) Itis done at about 3 to 4 weeks after sowing or when plants are of 10 to 15 cm hight. 3) The topped leaves are used as vegetable. — 7 4) This operation is carried out by farmers to aie Q a secondary branching put experiments shows that 19 much increase in yield. aera f the young branches is called= iv) v) vi) vii) Average yield - 5-6 Q/ha. b) i) ii) iii) Orchid's [29 | of the ridges at 45 t0 60 em apart depending upon soil type and varie ‘ Mallic acid collection in gram, When gra secrete aT cTeP is about one month old the leaves secrete mallic acid locally known as ‘amb! The mallic acid dissolves in the dew during morning, hours. These dew drops are collected by rubbing the clean muslin cloth over a crop & squeezing it in pot About 5-7 lit mallic acid is collected from one hectare area. This mallic acid is believed to have medicinal value against stomach ache. Cultivation of onion for seed and bulb purpose. For seed purpose. Bulbs are used as planting material. land is prepared by one ploughing followed by 2-3 cross harrowing. About 1200-1300 kg bulbs are required per hector. Spacing : 75x20cm Manuring - 25-30 tones Fym and 50:25:25 kg NPK/ ha. 7 Duration 90-105 days after planting. Bulb purpose. Seed is used as planting material. land is prepared by two cross ploughing and repeated cross-harrowings. seedling are raised on nursery beds and they are in main field after 15, months. transplanted in main field a 2 iv) Seed rate required is 5-6 kg/ha. v) spacing should be 15. s7cm or 22.5 10cmQ. 35 Raising of chilli seedlings. Ans. 1) Chilli seed is very light, thin and’small and hence Expected Crop Science “Il vi) Manuring hector. 0 tones fym + 1 ion i: > he vii) Duration is 3 to 35 Month. Jd - 12-15 tones/ha. in kharif ° 20-25 tones/ha. in Rabbi omic uses of turmeric. , eae neers is used as a condiment in every India household. 2) Itis used asa colo’ 3) The yellow dye obtained from dyeing cotton, silk, wool, paper, etc. 4) It has medicinal properties and is used for externa application against pain, wound and internally a stimulant. ‘ 5) Itis used in the preparation of cosmetic and ayurvedi medicines. 6) Ithas religious value and is used in various functio and festivals. t 7) It is used for preparation of kumkum, bookha. 8). It is important cash crop and gives valuable forei exchange to country. viii) yiel uring matter for foodstuffs. turmeric is used f directly not sown in the field. 2) Seedlings are raised on the nurs ery bed: m x 10 cm size. Ce - ae is well mixed in the upper layer of the bed. Ses és ere ties from healthy well matured fruits an with ceresan for protection against seed bornt diseases like Damping off and Anthracnose. 5) They are then mixed wi d q i evenly sowing. with fine soil or ash for thin aM Expected Crop Sci 6) 15kgs 7) Sowing 8) Seeds < of pad from Q. 36 = Seed | Ans. 1) Sulph Jo @6g) 2) Carb Ss to pr 3) Azot ‘ befo fixat Q. 37 Seec Ans. A) Su 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) B) Org 1) 2) c) HotExpected Crop. Scie 6) LS kgs ne —— . Orchid’s [31 | 7) Sowing eee seedlings for planting one hectare. ah 5 ‘ : eina line 10 cm apart and 2 cm deep. 8) Seeds are covered with a thin layer of soil and a layer of paddy straw is 0 y straw is spread on the be: : . from sunlight. : ee Q.36 Seed treatment in jowar.’ Ans. 1) Sulphur Treatment :- 7 Jowar seed is treated with 300 mesh fine sulphur @ 6 gm/kg seed for the control of ‘smut disease’. 2) Carbofuran Treatment :- Seed is treated with carbofuran @ 50 gm/kg seed to protect crop from attack of shoot fly. 3) Azotobacter Treatment :- Seed is treated with azotobacter inoculant just before sowing @ 250 gm/10kg seed for increasing e fixation of the atm Nitrogen. Q. 37 Seed treatment in wheat. Ans. A) Sun drying or solar heat treatment. 1) This treatment is given to protect the crop from seed borne disease like loose smut. 2) The seed should be selected from freshly harvested wheat crop. 3) It should be spread on roofs in a layer of 2 cm thick and dried in sun for 2 days. 4) It should be stirred one to two times during hot period of the day. 5) Thedried seed should be then stored in gunny bags for sowing in next season. B) Organo mercurial Treatment. 1) The seed should be treated with mercurial fungicides like thiram @ 2-4 gm/kg seed. 2) This treatment is given to against diseases like flag smut, root rot, wilt etc. c) Hot water Treatment. F 1) Wheat seed is soaked in hot water at 50°c temptSci 5 pected Crop cience - II Orchid’s [35 eer oo chapatee, bread, cake, ear oe 7 er bakery Products. ed for manufacturing rawa, sujii and sewaya. In areas where rice is a staple food grain, wheat is eaten in the form of puri and upma. It is also used for preparing starch. It is also used for making flakes and sweet meat like kheer, shira etc. Wheat straw is used as fodder, padding, material and manure. Critical stages of wheat growth for irrigation. Rainfed wheat crop is grown on residual moisture in soil and dew formed during winter. First presoaking irrigation is given before sowing for irrigated Wheat. “ Other irrigations are given at following critical stages of growth. i) CR stage (crown root initiation) after 20-25 days of sowing. ii) Late tillering stage. iii) Earring or heading stage. iv) Flowering stage. vy) Milk or Dough or grain formation stage. Cut of these C.R.L stage is the most Important stage for irrigation. Last irrigation is helpful on! and increase in yield. Farm Roads. There should be sufficient number of farm road approach and transport. There should be one main through middle of the farm an highway. ly for better grain filling is for road of 5m width passing d approaching to the be joined by secondary roads 3) The main road shouldpected Crop Science - II (45 Harvesting of chilli. Time of chilli harvestin : arvesting depends upon the : ae done by picking the fruits. ee 2) Picking of green chillies sta erecienting illies start from 90 days after 3) Only green colored fully deve! illies a i id dave interval ly developed chillies are Picked 4) Fresh chillies are packed and send to market immediately. 5) Picking continues upto 3 months. 6) Picking of red chillies start from 105 days after transplanting. 7) Itis.done at 10 to 15 days interval for 3 to 4 times in case of rainfed crop and for 5 to 6 times in irrigated crop. : 8) The fruits are picked along with stalk. ®46 Pod borer of Gram. OR Gram pod borer. ns. Nature of damage :- 1) Initially the Jarvae bores into the buds and flowers results is shedding of flowers. 2) With the formation of pods it bores into them and eat the developing seeds. _ 3) The larvae thrusts its head inside the pod and keeps the rest of body outside. 4) Large sized holes are found on damaged pods. C.M. :- 1) This pest is effectively controlled by Integrated pest management. 2) Deep ploughing after the harvest of kharif crop is done. 3) Use of pheromone traps the pest population. ing and killing of larvae. or light traps to monitorOrchid’s Expected Crop Science - I Gendosuiphon should b Spraying of 0.07 F 5) followed. , a: i zen like NPV is followed ing of virus pathogen owed 8 Spray or ats neem seed Ketel extract with 1 e soap solution. . 47 Storage of onion. \ rf re kept in open space 3 to Ans. 1) After harvesting bulbs a days under sun for initial 2) The diseased, rotten and damage ¢ 3) The bulbs are then stored in a cool dry and ventilate, | drying. d bulbs are sorted ou store. 4) This store have several compartments to avoid heapin, of bulbs. 5) During storage the bulbs are inspected regularly an the rotten bulbs are removed and disposed off. 6) In this storage loss.in about 13-16% due to rotting ani drying. 7) Incold storage bulbs are stored or 1% to 2°c tempt foi 7-8 month period. 8) In knokan area bulbs are tied into bundles with thei shoots and stored by hanging on bamboo frames. Expected Crop Expected Crop 8) Red use 9) Iti fror 10) Dri Q.49 Ru Ans. Syi y) 2) 3) Q.48 Uses of Safflower. q Ans. 1) Safflower is most imp rabi oilseed crop grown in Maharashtra. te a 2) Oil content of safflower is about 28 to 30%. 3) It is grown mainly for edible oil and sometimes ft : dye purpose. J 4) The oil is good for heart pati t patients it i polysaturated fatty acids, Bs aes 4 5) is oe oil hence used in the manufacture of pain Q. 50 ‘arnishes, water i i : ce Proofing material, adhesives for glas Ans. 1) 6) The oil cake fro: 7 m di i i ecorticated seed is fed to cattle. 2) | 7) The| ») © leaves of young plants are used as vegetables.ted Crop Science - pected Crop Science - II Orchid’s [39 Description ue Bae for cultivation with ordinary farming methods. 00d aol tivation with some special soil conservation Moderately good for cultivation but required some intensive treatment like graded, bunding, teracing, conto sowing, roation with legum crops etc. Fairly good for cultivaton and required treatments like terracing special cropping system growing of cover crops and permanant vegetation. Not suited for cultivation but suites for forests and grasses. The land is for growing grasses and for forest. The land is very steep stony and eroded. It can be used as pasture if handles with care. This land is only suitable for wild life and water conservation. ns. 1) 2) 3) 4) 8) ns. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) sagiilliiias .52 Cultivation of paragrass Land is ploughed and harrowed. 25 to 30 tones FYM/ha is mixed into soil during the preparation of land. Flat beds of 4 m x 1.5 m size are prepared. Planting is done in June - July. Rooting sets are used for planting. Sets are planted at 20 x 20 cm distance. Irrigation is given at 10 to 15 days interval. It grows best in sewage water or cattle shed washing. 53 Economic uses of sunflower. Oil is used for culinary purpose. Oil does not increase the cholesterol level in blood and hence good for heart patients. The oil is fair in vit-D and vit-E as well as in minerals like Iron (Fe) and calcium (Ca). Sunflower oil is classified as semi drying oil and used for the manufacture of paints varnishes, soaps etc. The cake is rich in protein, therefore fed to milch cattle,f Orchid’s [ay Expected Crop Science - Il ; Ey) poultry and PIB of paper pulp and alcohy, 6) It is used for manufacture & tT 7) The dried stalks are used as fe 8) The oil content varies from 9) The iodine value is 113 to 136. illi hod of Jowar sowing. fae iy ae srethod is commonly followed in Maharashtra, 2) Sowing is completed by tiffan or duffan. 3) Seed is kept at meee yal spacing is ke} . 3) Saha a aairehnent by this method is about 10 ig 12 kg/ha. |55 Which factors will you consider while preparing cropping scheme. Ans. Following factors are considered while preparing cropping scheme. i) “Select most suitable crops, their acerage and crop rotation. } ii) Availability of labour throughout the year, their peak and slack period should also be considered. iii) Relative cost of cultivation as wel as expected market Prices to the field product. iv) The capital required for cash crops like Sugarcane, Banana etc. also be considered. v) Risks involved in growing perishable crops like vegetable, fruits etc. vi) Availability of water & it's requirement for different crops. vii) Requirements of green fodder for the live stocks. viii) Finally financial position of the farmer. Q.56 Cultivation of lucern grass. Ans.i) One to two dee, harrowing. ii) Flat beds or ridges & furrows are prepared. iii) Sowing time Oct.-Nov, as Expected Crop 5 iv) Sowit v) Seed vi) Seed vii) Time viii)20 ta sowi ix) Inrig 15d Q.57 Manure Ans.i) Ma ii) Siz iii) Bac iv) Tw Q.58 Broad Ans.i) In dis ii) Ra iii) M 30 iv) A v) Ir Q.59 Types Ans. Farm i): 2D ii) V iii) D iv) l vy) I vi) 1 vii) | 9 %0 com Ans. Wat Sug Fibr Fatspected Crop Science - 11 Sowing metho 'd - Broadcas: v) Seed rate - 20.25 Kghe vi) Seed treatme a Timely weenie ; With Rhizobium culture. and hoeing 1 viii) 20 tonnes FYM’s a ie ing is done. sowing. a Bs ix) Irrigation is giy iven one week i in summer an interv: 15 days interval in winter, — ae .57 Manure Pit, ns. i) Manure pit should be dug near the cattle shed ii) Size of pit should be 7X1.5X1 m. iii) Each pit is provided with 1 m. side road. iv) Two such sized pits are sufficient for 4-5 cattle heads. .58 Broad ridge method of planting turmeric. ns.i) In this method, the channels are opened at 1.5 m distance from each other by the help of ridger. ii) Raised beds 30 cm. high & 100 cm. width are prepared. iii) Mother sets are planted on the top of the bed at spacing 30X30 cm. iv) At each spot one set is planted at the depth of 10 cm. o v) Irrigation is given after planting. .59 Types of farm fencing. ns. Farm fencing are of following types. i) Dead stumps of thorny bushes. i) Wooden posts matted with bamboo poles. iii) Mud or stone walls. iv) Live fencing. : vy) Barbed wire fencing Wooden wire fencing. - Orchid’: ting, Drilling. added in to the soil before vi) vii). Electric wire fencing. a) Composition of Sugarcane ane ns. Water iy id = 12-17% Fibre se Fats and proteinsected Crop Science - II humidity. 5 months. s.i) iii) Itis dwarf variety. 72 Sonalika variety of Wheat. It is improved variety of wheat obtained by selection from Mexican bulk of S-308. ii) It is released from IARI in 1967. Orchid’s [45 stored at temperature between 1.5 to 5% with 80% iii) They are stored well about one year at 1.5% temperature and about 36 weeks at 5°c temperature. iv) Loss in weight during storage should be about 5% after iv) Grains are amber coloured, bold hard and attractive. v) Itis suitable for irrigated conditions. vi) Itis resistant to 'rust disease’. vii) It matures within 105 days. viii) Average yield is about 30-35 Q/ha. ‘73 Difference between Soil Fertility and Soil Productivity. ns. Soil Fertility of soil to supply essential plant Nutrients. : Soil is said to be fertile when it contains all the plant nutrients. The fertile soil may or may not productive. Soil fertility can be measured by soil test. Itis related with chemical property. .74 Recurring Farm Inputs. It is the inherent capacity: i i) iii) iv) ns. i) The inputs which are once required to purchase new for next season are ¢: Soil Productivity It is response of soil to the managment in ferms of yield. Soil is said to be productive when higher yields are obtained. Productive soil is always fertile. Soil productivity can be measured only on the basis of yield obtained. It is releated with physical, chemical and biological properities of the soil used get finished and ‘alled as ————————— oTExpected Crop Science - 11 heap in ma Pin Marke | m. Z Orchid’s AT about Personal facilities. een N tabacum and N rustica, v) Personal factor : ,Q.78 Defference bet abour ete. Ans. ; m1 N tabacum Wik - BE | Plants are taile ere 1 cigaratte ty | 150-180 cm, T upto |1) a are dwarf upto 90- cm. 2) Leaves are large but 2) narrow. Leaves are broad. flue curing bap i 3) Nicotine content is 0.5 t icott idaltatl 55 pe. ‘0 13) Sone content is 3.5 to a 0} 4) Colur 7 the flowers are | 4) Cohecor the fl : : lowers ar 49% for 30 re i Sr white, — dull greenish yellow. ai 5) Used for cigarette, cigar, |5) Used for only hookah, cheroot, bidi, hookah, chewing and snuff. » fae in peninsular |6) Grown in North India. Q.79 Grain Smut of Jowar ‘Ans. i) It is a fungal disease of Jawar. ii) Grains are infected. iii) Infected grains are transformed into elongated sorus. iv) Sorus is filled with black spore of fungus. C.M.: Seed treatment with 300 mesh sulphur powder @ 6 gm/kg of seed. @Q.80 Selection of rhizobium sets in Ginger Ans. i) Ginger is propogated by rhizomes. ii) Only well matured, healthy rhizomes are used for planting. iii) Each set should have iv) It should be clean an ised 60° to 77% | chewing and snuff. lays. in Kharif and it beds of siz [5 ® 7 cm. © 1 furrows art transplanteé 2 to 3 sprouted buds. d free from roots. p size. j ecting farl e v) Itshould be pest and ea ; P31 '‘Kufri Lavkar' variety 0 pota : ale g busin’ Ane i) Early variety of potato and ae ae ay’ ecting fa ii) Tubers are round shaped be iii) Flesh is white and good in i i ydiah omer | - iv) Suitable for planting in poth Kharip aExpected Crop Science “Il ¢ 250 qu/ha. V) Yield is about 250 < Q.82 Importance of croppin& Laer Ans. i) Itis the basis of farm budget ii) It is the basis for deciding '2 ae iii) It shows record for maintains temporary labours t be appointed: tiser toy iv) It shows quantities of inputs like sees toh stored. It shows machinery & Capital requirment and manag} solved in advance. daower reparation in Sa Ans. 7 Thor aa purpose the flower heads are cut at 2-3 day interval and dried. ii) The ray florets and disc florets are collected. — iii) ‘The yellow dye is obtained by dissolving them in wate iv) The remaing pulp is dried and made in to small cub and used for getting saffron red dye. v) Saffron red dye is obtained by dissolving them in alka vi) Dye is used for edible purpose and for colouring th ° cloths. Q.84 Harvesting of Linseed Ans. i) Crop matures within 100 days after sowing. ii) Plant turns golden yellow colour and capsule tur brownish coloured. iii) Harvesting is done eighther by pulling the plant or y cutting it close to ground level. iv) ‘ They are stacked for drying. v)_ Threshing is done by beating the material with stid vi) Grains are seperated by winnowing. implements to be purchased, ment problems can } v) vil vii) For fibre it is harvested at when capsules are ju® e forming & plant is still green. Q.85 In Brief cultivation of Oat Ans. i) Land is ploughed and repeatedly harrowed. ii) Use sowing method drilling. ; iii) Sowing time October - Nov. : a i iv) Seed rate 75 to 80 Kg/ha. pe ake Expected Crop Science v) Spacing 30 vi) One to two vii) 6-8 tonne F viii) Fertilizer g ix) For irriga month int Q. 1 Seed treatm Ans. 1) Sulphu Jowar s gmikg : 2) Carbof Seed is protec 3) Azoto' Seed i sowin atmo: Q. 2 Importan Ans. 1) Oilse clim 2) They puls 3) The excl 4) The soa 5) The hu 6) Ed us 7) Th mpected Crop Science -II Orchid’s [49 v) Spacing 30 x 7 cm yi) One te ince vi) One to two hoeings are given for weed control viii) Fertilizer dose is 40 : 20 Kg Np/hi : g Np/ha. month interval from sowing COMMON IMPO NT QUE! . 1 Seed treatment'in Jowar. ns. 1) Sulphur Treatment :- gm/kg seed for the control of smut disease. 2) Carbofuran Treatment :- protect the crop from attack of shoot fly. 3) Azotobacter Treatment :- Seed is t atmospheric Nitrogen. @ (Q. 2 Importance of oil seed crop. ‘Ans. 1) Oilseed crops can climate. 2) They are include pulses. 3) They are valuable ¢ raw mai lubricants, varnis! dible oil (fats) an shes etc. 4). They provide d vanaspati soaps, paints, 5) They contribute e human diet. 6) Edible oil cakes are used as manure and as provide non edible oi feed to vermicide a 7) They x. d in crop rotation with millet ash crops and source of fo: exchange- terial for may industrie: cattle while non ed gainst termites. 1 for industries @ vii) 6-8 tonne FYM is gi is given at the time of land preparation ix) For irrigate 5 ott gated varieties two irrigations are given one Jowar seed is treated with 300 mesh fine sulphur @ 4 Seed is treated with carbofuran @ 100gm/kg seed to 1 reated with Azotobacter inoculant just before sowing @ 250 gm/kg seed for increasing fixation of be grown in all kinds of soil and s and reign s like ghee to ible are nd forQ3 Ans, Q.4 Ans. “ll 8) Crops like soil fertilit Next crop, 9) Crops like castor which Sives additional ing 10) Crops like Safflower bein TOPs to protect mai Importance of Pulses. 1) Pulses are Tich in protein and found of protein to vegetarian People of India. It is second important Constituent of Indian diet after cereals, ‘ Sroundnut be Y and red uce ing legumes help to Maint, SOSt Of preparatory tittag lh Or and sesamum can be grown on bun, ‘Ome to the farmer, _ 8 thorn 2) 3) They can be 8rown on oil types of soil and climatic conditions, . 4) They Bive ready cash to the farmer, 5) Pulses bein, g legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil. 6) They play important role in c intercropping as they help inm 7) They add or, mould. Orporation mixed and aintaining soil fertility, ganic matter into the soil in form of deat 8) Pulses are generally not manured manuring. 9) They check soil erosion as the and closed spacing. 10) They supply additional fodder for cattle. 11) Some pulses are turned into soil as green manure crops. Ex. Cowpea, Mug, Soyabean. ' 12) Majority pulse crops are short durational so that secon crop may be taken on same land in same year. Ex. Mvgi| Udid. 13) They provide raw materials to various industries. Characteristics of good quality of fodder. thie 1) Fodder should be palatable and easily digesti 7 ; «a 2) It should be injurious to health at stage at whic or require less y have more leafy growthhid’s maintal expected Crop Science ~11 illage fon feed to cattle, oy 3) It should be quick rchid’s [31 on bunds 4) Itshould give higher’ and early maturin, 3) Tt should give = Yield of fodder i BS E s borde, grown under irrigation number of cutting wh les. 6) It should be maetia . en, us. 7) Itshould need little tillage n source 8) Itshould be capable of men Q.5 Steps to be taken Nahe eee as hay ot silage. iet after operations. ile preparing calender of Ans. 1) Make alist of crops a ind i imc 2) Prepare a list of i ne ce on the form. : serial Order #st each = perations to be performed in 3) Indi each crop and enterprise on the farm. ) Indicate the time limits duri i aie to be completed. ee ua peranons are e i 4) Estimate male and female labours as well as bullocks 7 required for each operation in terms of units. ed and 5) Finally prepare a consolidated and comprehensive ertility. 6 work schedule. y of deaf Q. 6 Pune ‘method of jowar cultivation. Ans. 1) Land is levelled and marked with a marker in both re less direction. 2) The spacing is kept 45cm x 45 cm. srowth 3) A circle of 20 cm. diameter is made at each hill. ‘ 4) Dry surface of soil is removed with hand. 7 5) 6-8 seeds are scattered in each circle and covered by moistsoil. : ra an 6) First thinning is done 15 aa rei sowing and only j cle. ings are kept in eac cir : second 5 seedli 8 sien as 21 days after sowing and only ee 7) Second thinning 7 ve kept per circle. - Mug, 3-3 healthy seedlings ate KP 8) Seed rate is about 5 kg/ha. ace to every plant and S. is provide optimum °P 9) This p. ty results higher yield. ultimately res . ved? jency be impre Q. 7 How Labour E ._aproved bY itis Ans. Labour efficiency can be IMP-) asso ++ -o- eS trees ee eee mee Q. 9 Characteristics of good cropping scheme. Ans. 1) It will supply food to family and fodder to cattle. Ex. Jowar, Maize, Rice, Wheat. 2) It will give cash income to the farmer. a7) 8) ns. 1) 6) xpected Crop Science - 1, Orchid’s [ 53 Ex. Sugarcane, Cotton Rotation s] e ‘ ahouldl be planned around most suitable crop. x. Jowar, Cotton, Groundnut Leguminous cro Pes ps shoul i ; : maintain soil fertility, d be included in rotation to It will engage labour throughout year. Ex. Gram summer vegetables, Fruits etc. It will give steady flow of cash throughout year. Ex. Soyabean, Sugarcane. It will reduce the cultivation cost by including crops like potato, ginger, turmeric. The area under each crop will be same every year unless the price variation or pest and disease attack. .10 Land capability classes. It is a systematic arrangement of different kinds of land according to their properties and suitability for specific use without risk of erosion. There are eight land capability classes or units. These classes are indicated by Roman numbers from I to VIII. Class I to IV are suitable for cultivation. Class II to V become progressively unsuitable for cultivation and need different kinds of soil conservation methods. Class V to VI are not suitable for cultivation but useful for forests and pastures. Q.11 Types of farm records. rds are the past history of the farm business Farm reco: past performance. giving information about Farm records are of following types. Diary Cash register Production register. Wages register Expected Crop Science - II Ta} Spacing :- By Ridges and furrow - 37.5x25 cm By Broad Ridges method - 30x30cm. Pest :- i) Rhizome fly :- ND - Maggot bores the developing rhizomes. ii) Shoot boring c aterpillar :- ND - Caterpillar feeds on green foliage. Control :- Diseases :- i) Leaf spot ii) Control :- Spraying of 10% dithan Harvesting :- i) Crop matures 8- ii) Leaves turns yellow and dry. iii) Stalks are cut before 15 da iv) Rhizomes are du They are cleaned thizomes. Yield :- i) Raw finger sets ii) Raw mother sets Application of 10% phorate @20 kg/ha. Rhizome rot. -Z-78 @ 1.5kg/500 lit. water. 9 months after planting. ys of harvesting. § out with kudali or digging fork. v) and sorted for diseased and damaged - 15-18 tones/ha. ~ 2-3 tons/ha.+ Ecology :- 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Tropical and subtropical crop. Requires warm humid climate during vegetative growth and dry climate at time of maturity. Temperature - 19°%c-30°c. Rainfall - 625-1500 mm/yr. Grown on light to heavy black soil, loamy soil, acidic soil, rich in lime. Alkaline and ill-drained soil is not suitable.Expected Crop Science - II Orchid’s exe Uses :- 1) Important Spice crop. 2) Green chilli is used in daily diet. 3) Red chilli turned into powder and used as condimeny, 4) Riche: * source of vit. ¢, when in green condition, 5) It foreign exchange. 6) ven chillies are crushed and sprayed on other crop as bioinsecticide, Variet.es :- Sankeshwari, Lavangi mirchi, Bharat, Deguri, Walha, Malkapuri, Byadagi, Bullnose. Manuring :- 1) 16-20 tonnes FYM is added time of land preparation, 2) Fertilizer Dose :- Rainfed - 40-50kg N: 40kg P —: 30-40 kg K/ha. Irrigated - 80-90kg N : 40-50kg P : 40-50kg K/ha. 3) Full P, K given at time of transplanting. 4) 1st dose of N when 15 days after transplanting and 2nd at time of flowering stage. Seed rate :- 1.5 kg seeds/ha. Spacing :- Light soil :- 60 x 60 cm Medium soil 75x 75cm , Heavy soil :- 90 x 90 cm Harvesting :- 1) Green chilli is harvested 90 days after transplanting. 2) Fruits change its colour from dark green to light green. 3) Red chilli is harvested 105 days after transplanting. 4) Fully red chillies are picked up after every 10-15 days: 5) 3-4 pickings of rainfed crop and 5-6 for irrigated are taken. x jelcted Crop Science - I] @) Last picking IS of inferior quality, yield © Ain Green chilli = 80-100 qt/ha pry red chilli - Rainfed - 5.6 qt/ha Irrigated - 15-2 iy -20 qt/ha. Recovery of dry chilli is 25-30% of a weight pests * 4) Thrips :- ND: It sucks cell sap from leaves. Control :- 1) Spray 0.1% malathion at 10 days interval. 2) Apply 10% phorate granules @ 10 kg/ha in soil. 2) Cut worms :- ND:- Larvae feeds on foliage during dark period. Control :- 1) Apply 5% chlorodane dust @ 50 kg/ha at the time of land preparation. Diseases :- 1) Damping off :- Control :- 1) Seed treatment with 1% OMC @ 2 gm/kg seed. 2) Remove excess water from field. 2) Dieback :- Control :- Spray bordeaux mixture (2:2: 50) 3) Anthracnose :- Control :- 1) Seed treatment with 1% OMC @ 2 gm/kg seed. 2) Spray 1% pbourdeaux mixture. 4) Leaf curl :- Control :- 1) Grow resistant variety. ae 2) Control vector aphids and thrips timely. ee ee eeyaar avu Lciesan,. Potato Ecology (Soil & Climate) :- 1) It is temperate crop. 2) Itrequires cool climate. 3) Temperature requirement should be 15 to 20°c. 4) lt requires clear sunny days during vegetative growth and cool nights for tuber formation. Bp awaews a) ——y Expected Crop Science - II 5) Tuber formation totally stops when temperature gog, | b) °) d e) Orchid’s [7 above. Ae 6) It can be grown on any well drained, organic rich soj}, 7) Loam or sandy loam soil are most suitable. 8) Alkaline soils are not suited. Uses :- 1) It is cash crop, gives ready cash to the farmer. 2) Being it contains proteins, vitamines and minerals, po. tato is called as ‘complete food’. 3) Itis rich source of starch. 4) Itis used as mixed vegetable with, other vegetables. 5) Itis used for preparing chips, finger chips, cubes etc. Varieties :- Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Safed, Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Lavkar, Kufri Alankar, Kufri Chamatkar, up-to-date, Kufri Kundan. Preparation of Land :- 1) One deep ploughing is done just after harvest of last crop. 2) 3-4 cross harrowing are done for clod crushing. 3) Fym or compost is added and well mixed in to the soil during land preparation. 4) Clean cultivation should be followed. Seed rate and spacing :~ a) Seed rate - a) Whole tubers - 15-22.5 Q/ha. b) Cut tubers - 15-20 Q/ha. b) Spacing - 35X 15 cm. 45 X 22.5 cm. Seed treatment :- 1) 1% thiourea treatment It is given for breaking seed dormancy. 2) Light treatment It is given for early sprouting of tubers. ah) i) cted Crop Science -II SF Orchid’s [71 3) 0.2% Bavistin treatment It is given for avoidi: A fungal diseases, oiding decaying of tubers and against Aftercare (Interculture) ;- Hand weedin, i 1) of 15 days. 'g and earthing up are done at an interval It helps in re 4 7 ae seelialas ds as wel as loosing soil. e ; PN Gna COE. done carefully without damaging hi 4) be oe be ta. __ Ro tuber get exposed to sun- light, lerwise it greenish and unfit for consumption, it should immediately covered by soil. Manuring :- 1) 25 to 30 C.L. Fym or compost should be added and well mixed in to the soil during land preparation. Recommended dose. of fertilizer is 100 : 100 : 62 Kg N.P.K./ha. Out of these half dose of 'N’ and full dose of P and K are given at the time of planting. 4) Remaining do. s given 25 days after planting. 5). Potash should be given in the form of sulphate of pot- 2) ash. Irrigation :- 1) Kharif crop need not required to irrigate, as itis grown on natural rainfall. 2) Rabi seasonal crop is irrigated at an interual of 15-20 days. ed at an interval of 8-10 days. 3) In summer it is irrigat Pests :- 1) Potato tuber moth. 2) White grub. 3) Aphids. ; C.M. : 1) Spraying of 2) Soil application phos at conc. 0.04%. monochroto| Jathion @ 20 Kg/ha. with ma# ‘Ans. i) Potato is propag: k) ) Expected Crop Science - IT vr | Ores 72) | a) Selection of Tubers ated by means of tubers. e. y netically. pur ee t and disease bearing They should be free from pes organism. ; : kick They should be imported from Simla region, which are free from wilt and viral diseases. : ; Tubers should be healthy, matured and uniform sized. They should-have two to three sprouted eye buds. Medium to big sized tubers are used for planting. ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) viii) Weight of tuber should be 30 gm. Diseases :- 1) Blight 2) Ringrot 3) Virus disease C.M. :- 1) Grow resistant variety. 2) Follow proper crop rotation. Harvesting and Yield :- f 1) Crop matures within three months after planting. 2) Leaves turus yellow and dries. 3) Foliage is cut to ground level, 4) Harvesting is done by kudali or potato digger. 5). Collect the exposed tubers and clean them. 6) They are graded as small, medium, big sized and sent to market. Yield :- 1) 125-300 Q/ha. | Asapested Crop Science - IT HAPTER Q. 5 S & upply Information About Orchid’s [79 woes ’ Rabb, Toor. Marks - 08 a aa supply informati Ql ipPLy ‘ation about 'Wheat' : Soil and climate :- following points: 1) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) It is a temperate i Tenpentan wen ple cool and dry climate. be 7.21%. nt for normal growth should It can grown in areas i i see having rainfall 750-1000 mm/ Hot and Humid climate i: i s harmful t 1 i infestation like rust. fae ame Cloudy atmosphere and frost conditions during flowering are harmful. It can grown on all kinds of soils. In Maharashtra, it is grown on black cotton soil. Preparation of Land :- a) i) ii) iii) A presoaking i pe of Wheat land preparation is of 2 types: n for rainfed wheat : rainfed wheat usually land is keptin As per ty Land preparatio For cultivation of follow in rotation. During this period 3-4 cross harrowings are foll for removal of emerging weeds. : At the end of mansoon, 4 shallow harrowin ; ; All the operations are done for conserving moisture In to the soil of kharif season. Land preparation for irrigate ae Land is given 4 cross ploughing jus' kharif crop- x clod 3-4 cross harrowings are done fo rrigation lowed g is given. ed wheat : + harvest of crushing. ae