Name: Ngô Thị Mỹ Hoa

MSSV: 1757020017

Page 8
C.
Office workers: a, i
Wild apes: e, f, h, j
Both: b, c, d, g

Page 9
D.
Cooperation versus Conflict: Chimps spend about 5 percent of the day being
aggressive, but 15 to 20 percent of the day grooming each other. (See Paragraph
C.)
The Value of Networking: Research by Frans de Waal, a primatologist, shows
that chimps often use their networking skills to strengthen their social status or to
get ahead. (See Paragraph D.)
The Importance of Hierarchies: Young people speak softly and avoid eye
contact; young chimps make themselves look smaller. (See Paragraph F.)
The Limits of Aggression: Human employees lose motivation and quit if treated
aggressively; aggressive apes chase other apes away. (See Paragraph G.)

E.
Adding an example from a specific case study could help strengthen the quote in
The Value of Networking.

F
1. useful (Paragraph H: …is more beneficial for both humans and primates.)
2. competing (Paragraph E: They see a main rival sitting…)
3. frightened (Paragraph G: People sometimes shout or intimidate others…)
4. connected to (Paragraph D: They create tight social bonds…)

G.
I once had an aggressive coworker who got promoted! Nobody liked him, but he
was rewarded by the company.

Page 10
A
1. S; 1. S; 3. S; 4. extra; 5. M
B
 how: 1; what: 3; why: 2
C
Main Idea 1: Although cooperation is more common in groups, both humans and
other primates sometimes use conflict in order to gain status.
Supporting Ideas: People sometimes shout or intimidate others to make a point or
win an argument.; Apes show aggression by pounding their chests, screeching, or
hitting trees.

Page 13
A
1. generally
2. intense
3. extended family
4. social structure
5. gender
6. establish
7. discipline
8. observe
9. replace
10. previously

B
1. Establishing a routine can help me with time management and help reduce stress
in my life.
2. Some benefits of living in an extended family include having a lively household
and having people to help take care of each other. Some drawbacks include lack of
privacy and maybe more family arguments!

C: A

Page 17
A
1. b; 1. a; 3. a

B
Paragraph D: M: (the) power, S2: during the day / every day, S3: their mate/mates
Paragraph E: M: separate groups, S1: family male, S2: invite
Paragraph F: M: replaced, S: stay on

C
1. status (See Paragraph C.)
2. Older males / Older male elephants (See Paragraph C.)
3. family male / primary male (See Paragraph D.)
4. grandfather (See Paragraph F.)
5. active play / climbing, jumping, etc. (See Paragraph H.)
6. motherhood (See Paragraph I.)

Page 18
D
1. study / research study
2. primatologist
3. caretaking
4. 14; a hundred

E
1. Yes, I think it is convincing because the study was done for 14 years and
involved many different observations of the same behavior.
2. I think the gelada study is the most convincing because there are many examples
of the kind of behavior being explained.

F
1. pecking order (Paragraph C: “in dry years, the strict pecking order they establish
benefits…”)
2. mimicked/mimics/was mimicking (Paragraph H: Kanyawara chimps played with
sticks mimicked…)
3. offspring (Paragraph D: …eight adult females, their offspring, and…)
4. in captivity (Paragraph G: …rhesus monkeys often play with dolls in captivity.)

G.
Chimpanzees: hierarchy is important, forming social bonds is important
Elephants: females control the group, hierarchy is important, forming strong bonds
is important
Geladas: females control the group, forming social bonds is important (See
Explore the Theme for importance of primate social bonds.)