THE

TRAVANCORE

DEVASWOM MANUAL
IN TWO VOLUMES.

VOLUME—II.

GOVERNMENT PROCEEDINGS
AND
STANDING ORDERS.
 CONTENTS.

Page.
List op Rules and standing oeders
Text
Index 649
LIST OF RULES AND STANDING OR

CHAPTER I.
Constitution of the Department.
 CHAPTER II.
Office Procedure.

Number of tho &. 0. | Purport. | Pago.

Notification- 26.3A887 ! Kales relating to the submission of

Petitions 8 « 74-
Do. 13-7-1907 Regarding delay in the submission of
reports on Potitions ,, 77
Dis. No. 1793/21|Rev. 2-12-21 Rules regarding the management of
Libraries in^Reveime Offices 78
Die. No. «8|22/Kcv. 18-1.22 Account Officer may address Heads of
Departments in dooket form as well . ! 81
Dis.No. 479|22|d B. 7-10-29 Correspondenoo with the Palace to be in
MaUyalam ■ Hi
Dis. No. 1198/22|Knv. 4-11-22 Grant of Certilied copies of Revenue
R, Dis. No. 430(23/ 22-6 23 Form of correspondence between Assistant
S. B. Commissioners and Dowan Peishkars 83
Dis. No. 1632/23/Rbv. 5-12-23 Chaigus for sending endorsements on peti-
83
B. Dis. No. lOOlf-4 1-11-24 Pantries and Agents for management of
G. B. Minor and Petty Devaswoms may send,
communications in servioe bearing
83
No. 781/8.(24 19-3-24 Use of Common Reminder Forme .
Dis. No. 550|26|Rev. 1-3-26 Vakils will riot be heard on behalf of Public
Servants Departmental!}' Punished * 84
Dis. No. 1696/26/Rev. 13-11 26 Rules for the submission of Petitions by
Public Servants 1 84
Dis. No. 545/26/G. B. 16-12-26 Form of Correspondence between tho Palace
and the D ova sworn Officers 86
R. Dis. No. 226/28/ 16-6-28 Issue of copies of Records relating to
Devaswoms 88
Dis. No. 604|29|Rev. 1-4-29 Attested oopies of measurement sketohes
of Dcvaswom Porambokea to be made
on plain paper by ordinary staff 90
No. FI. 279 27-2-30 Use of servioe stamps by Fund officials and
Agents for the management of Minor
and Petty Devaswoms « 90
No. FI. 240 2.9-11-30 Excess charge levied on unfrauked or in¬
sufficiently oh&rged covers 91 :
 CHAPTER XII.
Ihiruvabharanam, Bharanlpathram, e

) Effecting modifications in plus and n

 l1 isk»i t.-e.h etc of deoeased elephants to I
he sent to the Forest Department for sale. 362
Dis. No- 83/22/Devpt. 7-1-22 Delegating certain powers of Government
over Sirkar elephants to Land Revenue
and Income tax Commissioner 368
R. Dis. No. 1759(22 15-7-22 Revision of pay of Mahouts on girkar
Development. elephants 364
R . 0is. No. 2552(22 19-12-22 Tusks and Sorivclloes alone of deceased
* Development. elephants need be sent to the Forest De¬
partment for sale 365
R. Dis. No. 16(23 6/11-1-23 Powers of Devaswom Offioers over Eleph¬
ants under their control 366
R. 0. G. No. 256/23 124-23 Revised pay of Mahouts made applicable
G. B. to Devaswom elephants . 367
R. 0. C. No. 774(23 17-9-23 Rates of hire of elephants sent to Devas-
G. B. \voma from Royal stablea 367
Dis. No. 2195/23 29-U-28 Payment of Batta to Mahouts on girkar
Development. elephants
No. 2372/147/99. 5-12-23 Medical History sheets to be maintained in
respect of Devaswom elephants
D. Dis. No. 298124 14 2-24 Opiuih required £or Sirkar elephants to be
Devlopment. purchased from licensed shop keepers . 370
R. Dis. No. 519(27 7-4-27 Toddy arrack required for Sirkar elephantB i
. P. W. to be purohaied from licensed shop
keepers 370
R. Dis. No. 947/27 23.7-27 Devaswom elephants exempted from pay¬
ment of Municipal tolls 370
Palace Sadhanam No. 25-9-104 Rules for the use of Devaswom elephant
7278/661/04 stationed at KumarSnallur . 371
E. Dia- No. 1079/30 26-9-30 Sending of Sirkar elephants in connection
Re>. with Pailikettn ceremonies in Palaces. 373'
H. Dis. No. 404/32 9-7-32 Issue ^of toll gate passes to Sirkar elo.
L. G. A- 379
E. Dis No- 320/32 21-2-32 Devaswom elephants need be sent to Sree-
Dev. padora temples oDly when they are not
374
 G. 0.

Prohibition on Government Servants from

taking part in the collection of money
for any public or local purpose

References fr m Head Sirkar Vaki .

i with defence of suit to be|
treated a emergent

B, 0. 0. No 731122 Empowering Devasworn officers to U

a. summonses under the Revenue si

Dis-No. 621/22 Procedure for the conduct of Devaswoml

R. Ms. No 113/23 ,

Assiatant Commissioners to have powers)

of Division Peishkars for purposes of
enquiries under Hindu Religi
Endowment regulation
Ms. No 550/26/Rev.

R. Die. No. 503)26 ! Officers whose pay are constantly under!

, Aoc. attachment liable to removal from)

liroular. B. 0. C. Requisition from airkar vakils for inform¬

No. 4660/26/Rev. ation in civil oases to be attended to
promptly
R. 0 C. No. 4535/27 Written statements to bo taken from appli¬
G, A. cants in connection with erection eff}
places of Public Worship
Dis. No. 125/29)Mis- Written statements to be forwarded withj
applications for permission to
places of Public Worship
tts. No. 563/S9/Devpt.
 >. o£the G. 0.
B. 0. C. No. 2244)33
0. P. 0.
No. FI. 348
Dia. No. 64|35
E. 0. 0. 4612)34
G»[.
E.Dis. 479(35/0.P.O.!
E. 0. 0. No. 2372(35/ j
0. P. 0. j matter
E.Dis.No. G6/36JC. P.0 j
! Paper Mills Ltd.
B.Dis.No. 528/33/P.W.-
E. 0. C. No. 2061(36)
Dev. .
E. Din. No. 40/37/Gnl.'
E.Dis. No. 40/37,'Dev.!
____[
Date.
5-1-34 Requisition for printing • 513
26-2-34 Compassionate gratuity scheme extended tc
Devaswoxn Fund empolyees # 514
18 1-36 Printing of oorreotion slips to revised
Pathivu Kanakkus , 515
21-2-35 Devaswom Commissioner's letter to be sent
along with the Peishkara report on
. application for erection of Places of
public worship • 515
21-6-35 Rules to be observed ia stocking of printed
515
19.7-35 Requisition for spare oopies of printed
. < 516
7-2-36 1 Rules to be observed in the sale of waste (■■ •'
; paper in Government offices to Punaloor
1 516 "
22-3-36 All articles of furniture required for Gov¬
ernment offices in Trivandrum to he’ob¬
tained from the P- W, D. workshop . ' 518
11-12-33 Liability of the heirs of the deceased
Public Servants to pay up the dues to
Government 619
7-1-31 Rosponsiblity of Government Servants in
sending matters for publication in Gov¬
ernment Gazette 621
11-1-37 Rules for the institution of the Sub 'Group
officers Test Examination 421
CHAPTER XX.
Periodical Returns.
 DEVASWOM MANUAL.
volume II.

CHAPTER I.
Constitution of the Department.

The DevastOom'Proclamation dated, the 12th April 1922.

PROCLAMATION
BY
His Highness Shi Padmanabha Dasa Van chi Pala Sib
Rama Varma Kulasekiiara Kiritapathi Manney Sultan
Maha Raja Raja Rama Raja Bahadur Shamsher Jang,
Knight Grand Commander of the Most Exalted Order of
the Star of India, Knight Grand Commander of the'Most
Eminent Order of the Indian Empire, f. m. u., m. r. a. s., f. r,
g. s.. Officer Dio L’ Instruction Publique, Maha Raja of
Travancoke, issued under date the 12th April 1922, corres»
PONDING TO THE 30'PH MeENAM, 1097.
Whereas, in virtue of the Melkoima right vested in the State, the
administration of certain Devaswoms along with their endowments was
owing to their mismanagement, assumed by it in 987 M. e. with a view
to their better management and to the maintenance of the said temples
and their appurtenances in good condition ;
And whereas the income from the immovable property alone of the
said Devaswoms amounted at the time of assumption to 1 5,80,491 paras
of paddy and Rs. 53,092 in cash ;
And whereas the said incomes from Devaswoms had, in course of
time, become absorbed in the general revenues of the State and the ex¬
penditure therefor was met out of s«ch general revenues;
And whereas, owing to various caiSses, a large portion of the
immovable property of the said.Devaswoms had been treated in course
of time as Pandaravaga lands and in consequence become incapable of
identification and separation ;
And whereas by proceedings of Government No D. 4905, dated
the 25th October 1912, Our Government resolved that, in view of their
position in respect of the said Devaswoms, it was their duty so to re¬
gulate the next land revenue settlement as to ensure to the said
Devaswoms the full revenue from their immovable property;
G-P. T.2414. 250. 16-2-113. ,
 2
And whereas the above said resolutions if given effect to, is calcu¬
lated to operate detrimentally on tbs material welfare of Our beloved
subjects ;
And whereas the conversion into Pandaravaga tenure of all
Devaswom lands is calculated to be beneficial to Our beloved subjects ;
And whereas the income from the immovable property of the said
Devaswoms and of those whose management has been assumed since
987 m. k., had it been kept separate, should, along with their other
income, be ordinarily sufficient for their proper maintenance-;
And whereas in view of Our faith and religion it is Our solemn
right and duty to maintain efficiently and in good condition, Hindu re¬
ligious institutions in Our State, irrespective of the income from such
institutions or the cost of such maintenance, and inqpursuance of such
right and duty Our State has, from time immemorial, contributed from
its Exchequer to the cost of such maintenance to the extent necessary;
And whereas doubts have been expressed as to the position of Our
Government in relation to the said Devaswoms;
And whereas it is necessary to remove those doubts and to provide
for the better management and more effective control of tbe said
Devaswoms;
We are pleased to command as follows ;—
1. (I) This Proclamation shall be called the Devaswom Procla¬
mation, 1097.
(2) 'It shall come into force on the 1 st Chingom 1098.
(3) It shall apply to the Devaswoms mentioned in the Schedule.
2. “Schedule’’ means the schedule attached to this Proclamation.
3. Our Government shall, out of the Devaswom Fund constituted
under Section 4, maintain the Devaswoms mentioned in the Schedule,
keep in a state of good repair and to the extent they consider necessary,
the temples, buildings and other appurtenances thereto, and administer the
Devaswoms in accordance with such usage and custom as may be reco¬
gnised by Our Government.
4. There shall be constituted for the Devaswoms mentioned in the
Schedule a fund called the “ Devaswom Fund. ’’ Such fund shall con¬
sist of:—
(1) allotment made in the State Budget every year for the
said Devaswoms, such allotment not being less than forty per cent of the
Ayacut and Sanchayam land revenue of the State;
(2) the moneys realised from time’ to time by the sfele of
movable properties belonging to the said Devaswoms;
(3) aH voluntary contributions and offerings made by de¬
votees ;
 3

(4) interest on investments of funds belonging to the said De-

vaswoms; and
(5) all other moneys belonging to or other income received
by the said Devaswoms.
5. Any unspent balance out of the allotment mentioned in sub¬
section (1) of Section 4 shall be added on to the Devaswom Fund.
6. All immovable properties belonging to the Devaswoms mentioned
in the Schedule and*now shown in the Revenue accounts as “ Devas¬
wom Vaga” shall hereafter for all intents and purposes be deemed to be
Pandaravaga and dealt with as such.
7. (1) Our Government may for the better and more efficient man¬
agement and more effective control of the Devaswoms mentioned in the
Schedule organise a Devaswom Department of the State consisting of
such * umber of officers and other servants as they think fit. ,
(2) The expenditure in connection with the said department
shall, notwithstanding anything contained in Sections 3 and 4, be met
out of the general revenues of the State.
8. Our Government may, from time to time :—
(]) define the powers and duties of the officers of the De¬
vaswom Department;
(2) regulate the scale of expenditure of the Devaswoms ;
(3) make rules generally for carrying out the purposes of this
Proclamation.
9. No suit shall lie in any chvil court against Our Government :—
(1) for anything done in relation to the Devaswoms mentioned
in the Schedule and their properties before the commencement of this
Proclamation; and
(2) for anything done or purporting to be done in pursuance
of this Proclamation.
10. Nothing contained in this Proclamation shall in anyway affect
Our right to contribute out of the State funds ;—
(1) towards Sri Pandaravaga expenditure to the extent
deemed necessary by Us; or
(2) to other Devaswoms in or outside the State ; or
(3) to the performance of the customary religious ceremonies
conducted under Our command.

SIGN MANUAL.
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 PRESS COMMUNIQUE

The Devaswom Proclamation op 1097.

Prior to the days of Col. Munro, the Dewan-Resident, Hindu

temples in the State were mostly under the management of private bodies
called Ooralars or Karakars. As these bodies were found to misman¬
age the institutions committed to their charge. Col. Murno decided in
987 II. E. (1811— 1812 a. n.l that the State should assume control
over them, and accordingly the Government assumed the management of
these temples with their properties, movable and immovable. Col.
Munro’s order of assumption does not enumerate the Devaswoms, the
management of which was assumed by Government ; but the Thira tu
of that year mentions 348 major and 1,123 mmor Devaswoms as those
maintained or aided by Government Subsequent to 987 if r<:., some
more Devaswoms have similarly been assumed; even in their case there
are no records to show their exact number. In the case of some of
the' Devaswoms subsequently assumed, separate accounts of their assets,
income and expenditure have been maintained and these institutions are
financially autonomous and have each a personal deposit account with
Government treasuries. In the case, however, of the remaining Da-
vaswoms, which form the large majority, the income and the expenditure
have been merged in those of the State and no separate accounts of such
income and expenditure have been maintained except for a few years
immediately following the assumption.
2. The income in grain and in cash from the landed properties of
the Devaswoms assumed in 987 n. n, was, according to the accounts of
that year, 1 5,80,491 paras of paddy antJ Rs. 53,092 in cash and their
average annual income for the five years commencing with 987 m. e.
was 16,06,281 paras of paddy and Rs. 60,608 in cash which proves that
the tendency of this income was to rise year after year The ac¬
counts of 987 M. n. further show that up to 986 m. e. the State was
contributing from the general revenues an annual sum of Rs. 2 j lakhs to¬
wards the maintenance of temples. The practice of keeping separate
accounts for the income derived from the properties belonging to the
temples gradually ceased and the properties themselves in some cases
began to be shown in the public'accounts as Siflkar properties. Even so
early as 1048 M. E. Dewan Seshiah Sastri pointed out that it had be¬
come difficult to separate Devaswom lands from those of the Sirkar,
The process of merger received a further impetus during- the last survey
and settlement, when many of the temple properties were entered iij
 9

the accounts then prepared, as Sirkar properties and their tenure was de¬
scribed as Pandaravaga. It has accordingly become altogether impossi¬
ble at the present day to fully separate from the Sirkar lands the lands
that originally belonged to the temples.
3. As stated in the foregoing paragraph, the income of 16,06281
paras of paddy and Rs. 60,608 in cash of the Devaswoms assumed
. in 987 does not include the income from the properties belonging
to Devaswoms assumed subsequently. Both these sets of institutions had
also other fluctuating income in the shape of offerings from devotees.
Further the income in paddy and cash already mentioned does not ex¬
haust the claims of these institutions over their properties. The follow¬
ing are examples of further claims:—
(1) The claim of the Devaswoms over their Cherikal lands on
which shifting cultivation used to be carried on'formerly but which were
subsequently either registered as Pandaravaga during the last revenue
settlement or included in State Forests during Forest Settlements. The
value of this claim, though indefinite, is substantial.
(2) The claim to increase in revenue due to extensions of
cultivation which form the natural concomitant of increases in population.
It has been noticed that even in the five years immediately following the
assumption, the income from the landed properties of the temple showed
a steady rise. This claim again, though indeterminate in character, is
not negligible.
Administrative reforms between 987 m. e., and' 1081 m. e.
abolishing taxation in kind and substituting money payments at a com¬
mutation rate either of 6 Chs. or I I Chs. per para of paddy, have been
extended to the lands from which the Devaswoms were deriving a pador
income. This action has subjected Devaswoms to a pecuniary loss. The
average cash value of a para of paddy between 1091 and 1096 calculat¬
ed on the basis o' prices reported from the several price-recording sta¬
tions in the State is 27 Chs. and 7 C. or 27 Chs. in round figures.
Valued at the rate of 27 Chs. per para, the 16,06,281 paras of paddy,
which the Devas vom lands were getting on an average immediately
after their assumption by the Sirkar, are worth Rs. 15,48,913. This,
together with their average cash income of Rs. 60,608 from the garden
lands etc. gives a total revenue of Rs. 16,09,521 or m round figures
Rs. 16,00,000. To this must be added the money equivalent of the
other indeterminate but none the less valuable claims of the Devaswoms
already alluded to. The expenditure incurred by the State on the
management and maintenance of the temples, which fluctuated between 5
and 6 lakhs of rupees in the days of Col. Munro, has naturally gone
on increasing owing mostly to the gradual rise in the prices of
conimodities and wages for services. The afmual expenditure on
 10

supplies and services in regard to these institutions has, in recent years,

averaged Rs 12 lakhs, while that incurred on renewals and repairs to
their buildings and appurtenances has averaged Rs 3 'lakhs In other
words, the total average recurring expenditure on account of the
Devaswoms is at present Rs, 15 lakhs a year, as against their determi¬
nate annual income of Rs. 16 lakhs mentioned above.
4. With a view to secure better efficiency in the management and
control of the Devaswoms, Messrs. Chempakaraman Pillai and N.
Rajaram Rao were deputed in July 1905 to investigate the question of
regulating their expenditure both as regards pathivus and as regards
the purificatory ceremonies. As the information collected by these
officers was merely of a preliminary character, Mr. M. K Ramaehandra
Rao, a Puisne Judge of the High Court, was in May 1907 placed on
special duty to make a more detailed investigation into the affairs of the
Devaswoms and to formulate proposals which would enable Govern¬
ment to .secure their more efficient management and control. The
proceedings of the Government passed in 1912 on the report submitted
by Mr- Ramaehandra Rao, (D. 4905 dated 25-10-12) contemplated
the separation of the Devaswom lands from Pandaravaga lands and the
Devaswom revenues from the general revenues In the course of their
proceedings, Government observed that “it is not now their intention
“to make any change either in the tenure or in the assessment of the
“Devaswom lands. They recognise that the settlement of the Deva-
“swom lands already made cannot be disturbed for the balance of the
“settlement period. But, when the next settlement is taken up, it will
“be the duty of Government so to regulate it in regard to Devaswom
“lands that the Devaswoms should get the full revenue due to them.
“The Government will bear in mind that their position in regard to
“Devaswom lands is fundamentally different from their position in
‘‘regard to the Sirkar lands." In pursuance of this order of Govern¬
ment, Devaswom lands were attempted to be identified and the revenue
derived from them separated from the Sijrkar Land Revenue. The
attempt at a complete identification of the Devaswom lands failed for
reasons already set forth, and in G. O. No. D. 952, dated 3-4-1920,
Government appointed a mixed committee of Hindus and nop-Hindus
to consider and report upon the exact character of the assumption of
these Devaswoms,- the feasibility of separating their administration (rom
the Land Revenue Department and the nature and cost of the additional
staff that might be necessary if the organisation of a separate department
be deemed desirable. The committee have, in their valuable report,
recommended that the administration of the Devaswoms should be
separated from the Land Revenue Department and entrusted to a distinct
agency and that, as the work of the Land Revenue Department would
be curlailed thereby, a portion of the funds necessary for the formation
 11

of the new department should be found by reducing its strength. With

regard to the relationship that subsists between the State and the
Devaswoms, the Committee is unanimously of the opinion that the
Devaswoms were not confiscated by Col Munro, but that the object
aimed at by him was their better management and maintenance, and
that the Government have incurred an obligation to maintain the
Devaswoms efficiently for all time to come. The members of the
Committee differ however in one respect. While the majority holds
that the State being a Sovereign Proprietor is legally accountable to
none for their management, the dissenting member is of the opinion j that
the assumption extended only to management, thereby constituting the
State a trustee of the Devaswoms and that, as the State has mixed up
the trust property with its own, the entire expenditure in connection
with the Devaswoms, however large, is a legitimate charge upon its
general revenues. The Government of His Highness the Maharaja
have taken the necessary legal opinion and have come to the conclusion
that the State’s assumption of these Hindu Religious Institutions in the
days of Col. Munro was an act done in the exercise of the traditional
right of “Melkoima'1 inherent in the Hindu Sovereigns of the State '
and that it was not an act of confiscation. The Government are
accordingly under an undoubted obligation io maintain the Devaswoms
for all time properly and efficiently, especially in view of the circum¬
stance that, had all the properties of these Devaswoms been kept
separate, the progressive income derivable therefrom might have been
more or less sufficient to defray all the expenses connected with their
efficient management. Government have also come to the conclusion
that, for the proper discharge of this obligation, the creation of a separate
department, which will devote its attention, exclusively to the admini¬
stration of the Devaswoms, is necessarjc
5. It has already been stated that the current cash value of the
determinate income of the Devaswoms from their landed properties
amounts to Rs. 16 lakhs. This figure bears roughly the proportion of
40 per cent, to the present land revenue of the State and to this extent
at least the Devaswoms are entitled to a guarantee from the Govern¬
ment. The recurring annual expenditure on these Devaswoms has, as
already stated, averaged in recent years Rs. 15 lakhs, but it must be
remembered that their pathivus 'have no; been fully revised and that
there is much to be done by way of repairs and renewals to their build¬
ings and appurtenances. It would therefore be necessary to set apart,
as reserve for unforeseen contingencies, the difference between the two
sums. They have accordingly resolved to credit annually in the future
a sum representing 40 per cent of the State’s recurring land revenue to
Devaswoms and to constitute a Devaswom Fund comprising this allot-
me&t and the other miscellaneous items of revenue like offerings etc.,
received by them.
 12

6. In regard to the orders.of Government issued in 1912 that the

next settlement should be so regulated as to enable the Devaswoms to
secure the lull revenue from their lands, the Devaswom Separation
Cc iiiiiittee have point ed out that this pronouncement of Government
has created an amount of fear and discontent which it would be wise
to rllay and have expressed the emphatic opinion that the policy there n
enunciated should be abandoned, and that adequate measures should be
taker, to conserve and safeguard the privileges which the holders of tne
Devaswom lands, in common with the holders ol Pandarayaga Iatics,
have as a matter of fact enjoyed for over a century and that fixity of
termre should be guaranteed to them as in the case of Pandaravaga
lanes. Government concur in this view and resolve to declare all
Devaswom lands as Pandaravaga lands and to place the holders of the
former in the same position as that of the latter. This decision involves
a substantial loss of revenue to the Devaswoms; but? in view of the
lasting benefit which this measure would confer on a large section of
His Highness’ subjects. Government feel that this sacrifice of revenue
must be faced by them and also that the Devaswoms should not suffer
on this account. Government have also to take into consideration the
indeterminate claims alluded to in paragraph 3 and which the Devas-
swoms have to forego. Taking into account all these circumstances,
and also the voluntary contribution which the State was making prior to
Col. Munro’s assumption, the Government further resolve to meet from
the general revenues the en'.ire cast of the separate Devaswom Depart¬
ment now proposed to be created and reserve to themselves the right to
make to the Devaswoms, when absolutely necessary, additional contri¬
butions from the general revenues of the State in any particular year.
The Proclamation issued today under His Highness’ Sign Manual is
intended to give a legal basis to the resolutions of Government already
detailed.

7. The schedule attached to the Proclamation requires a word of

explanation. Disparities in the number of Sirkar Devaswoms had long
been in existence, as correct statements of sucb Devaswoms had not
been kepi during the days of Col. Munro or subsequently. The figures
given in the Thirattu of 987, the several administration reports, the lists
prepared by special officers i Messrs. Chempakaraman Pillai and Rama-
ebandra Rao i and in the Devaswom Separation Committee’s report do
not tally with each other. The verification undertaken by Government
has shown that reconciliation between the different figures is possible
only in the case of Major Devaswoms which number 334 and not in
the case of Minor Devaswoms which are more numerous. In regard to
the latter, 513 Minor Devaswoms have been identified and are tentatively
included in the schedule together with the 334 Major Devaswoms. , A
comparison of the lists of Minor Devaswoms now furnished'by the
 13

Division Peishkars with those already prepared by Messrs. Chempaka-

raraan Pillai and Ramachandra Rao shows that as many as 522 institu¬
tions remain to he accounted for. In regard to these, Government con¬
sider that a further investigation on the spot by a responsible officer is
necessary and that the schedule should be revised in the light of the
report of that officer and republished. This will be done in due course.
8. Government trust that the Proclamation would set at rest long¬
standing controversies about the status of the Devaswoms and confer
substantial benefits on a large section of His Highness’ subjects holding
Devaswom lands. The Proclamation would also serve to remove the
disability under which a large section of His Highness’ subjects have
been labouring in the matter of admission to the land revenue service of
the State. As for the Devaswoms themselves, it is hoped that they
would enter on a new era of efficient management and prosperity.
(By order)
Huzur Cutcherry, R. KRISHNA PILL 4.1,
Trivandrum, 12th April 1922. Ag. Chief Secretary to Grjcrnmeni.

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 14

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fru^eolaso asa. eDaflorj aoac£i!®6 ffitanj (syGoioa'icBaaacnD ojlca-imil
«B6>®gj§l a lessons.
fA true Translation)
K. B. Krishna P iLiiAt,
Bead, Translator to Government.

memorandum
Regarding the organisation and working or
the Devaswom Department.
The question of the separation of the administration of the Deva-
swoms from the control of the Land Revenue Department has been long
under consideration and various schemes have in the past been elaborated
in regard to the constitution, organisation and working of a Devaswom
Department. I have had the benefit of consulting them all, including
the proposals contained in the Reports by Mr. Ramachandra Rao and
the Devaswom Separation Committee.
2. Ever since the assumption of the Devaswoms in 987 si. e. by
Colonel Munro, the control of the Devaswoms has vested in the Land
Revenue Department and the lapse of more than a century has served to
make it appear inextricably connected with each other. Any separate-
staff that pray now be decided on for the new Devaswom Department
Will therefore probably require revision in the light of actual experience
gained after the new Department has been in operation for some years.
 22
3. The Devaswoms included in the Schedule to the DevaSWon)
Proclamation number 847, and they vary very considerably in import¬
ance. The schedule itself admittedly requires revision and re-enact¬
ment. All Devaswoms are now broadly divided into two classes viz.,
major and minor, an incorrect rendering of the original differentiation
into Ezhuthitheeruca and Non-ezkathitheemva Devaswoms. This latter
distinction was apparently based on the fact that some Devaswoms which
had separate properties at the time of assumption had specific pathious
for the different ceremonies, whereas others had no such property and
were given only lump grants for maintenance. The necessity for this
distinction between landed Devaswoms and landless Devaswoms has
now vanished and it would be an anachronism to perpetuate a distinction
based on that principle. The correct classification now would be to
differentiate Devaswoms according to their importance and expenditure.
For purposes of administrative convenience, it will be desirable to grade
the major Devaswoms into three classes, having regard to the annual
expenditure on their pathious, their reputation and importance and
the nature of utsavoms and other special ceremonies conducted in
them. A scheme of classification which includes the Suchindram temple
which consumes nearly one lakh of rupees annually, is of more than South
Indian importance, and has four Utsavoms every year, and a petty insti¬
tution like Achenpudur Kuttala Vinayagar, costing only Rs. 1 1 per
annum, with no pathivu even for Nityantdanam, and known only to the
local villagers, is meaningless and serves no useful purpose. There are
| several present-day major Devaswoms which can be relegated to the
' tlass of minor Devaswoms, while there are a few minor Devaswoms
whose growing importance would justify their being treated as major
Ohes. The formation of a new class of Devaswoms which may be
designated Petty Devaswoms is advocated. Under this class will come
Kaous, petty Sasthancoils, Ammencoils, Madancoils, &c., which have
but nominal maintenance and sometimes occasional services only.. A
tnajority of the existing minor Devaswoms would go into this class. In
Appendix A, I have proposed a scheme of re-classification which, I
think, may be adopted. In making the above classification, my object
has not only been to effect an intelligent and logical division of the dif*
ferent kinds and grades of Devaswoms but also to distinguish the sources
from which they are to be maintained, and simplify the audit of their
expenditure. It is my view that detailed audit of expenditure need be
made only in regard to the really important Devaswoms where the ex*
penditure is sufficiently large. I have classed only such Devaswoms as
cost Rs. 1,000 or more annually as'major Devaswoms. The Deva-
sw6ms costing Rs. 10,000 and above are included in Class I, Rs. 3,000
Snd above in Class II, and Rs. 1,000 and above in Class III, In re¬
gard to minor Devaswoms, the audit need be made only by its Nityani-
danam and the total grant in paddy and cash. Petty Devaswoms are
too insignificant and their audit need be only by the total grant in each
for a whole group. A register of such Devaswoms with the allotment
for each will however, be maintained in the Department. I have classed
as minor Devaswoms all institutions costing between Rs. 100 and
Rs. 1,000 annually and relegated all Devaswoms involving an outlay of
less than Rs. 100 to a new class designated t! petty. ” This would, I
believe, facilitate accounting without loss of efficiency. I had a talk on
this matter with the Account Officer also.
4. The Devaswom Department is to be created in pursuance of the
Proclamation and the primary and statutory duty of the new Department
consists in the management and control of the institutions mentioned in
the schedule. It is, however, contemplated to charge the Department
with the work in connection with the extra-territorial Devaswoms and
the aided Devaswoms in the State. The Personal Deposit Devaswoms
are also proposed to be placed under the Devaswom Department. Ac¬
cording to the source of the funds from which they are maintained,
Devaswoms naturally fall into three groups, viz.,
(i) Devaswoms proper, being those maintained from the Deva¬
swom Fund ;
(ii) Personal Deposit Account Devaswoms, the receipts and
expenditure of which are kept separate from the general
revenues as well as the Devaswom Fund :
(iii) Other religious institutions and ceremonies not coming
within the purview of the Proclamation, those which have
been maintained out of State charities or Thingal, vazhi-
cadus or grants-in-aid given to Devaswoms Proper, Per¬
sonal Deposit Account Devaswoms, or Private Deva¬
swoms inside or outside the State, the expenditure on
which is chargeable to the general revenues of the State.
5. I wish to emphasise the above distinction and urge its being
clearly maintained. Vazhivadus conducted under special orders and
special accessions to the pathious instituted for conducting certain cere¬
monies in Devaswoms Proper should be paid for from the general re¬
venues. Such contributions to other than Devaswoms Proper may be
treated as grants and are also payable out of the general revenues; so
also the expenditure on Ooltu Devaswoms, and such ceremonies as
Neerumpalum, Thiyyattu, Kalamezhuthumpaltum, Guruthies, &c., the
expenditure on which was formerly debited to Oottus and . 7 hingal.
The Devaswom Fund should be given credit for the increases in original
pathivus effected either by transfer from Ootlu pathiou or by special oc¬
casional orders. At the time of the re-organisation of the State Chari¬
ties such transfers were extensively made inasmuch as all the expenditure
Was met out of a common purse. Further, with a view to economise
 •24
expenditure under State Charities, the Nioedyom rice of certain temples
has been ordered to be served to travellers. This should now be paid
for at the nirak rates. Records are available in the Fluzur Office show¬
ing pathious which have been transferred from State Charities and Thingal
to Devaswoms at the time of the re-organisation of the former. Lists of
the items transferred to Devaswoms from the mofussil Oottupuras and
the Agrasala are embodied in Appendix B. These pathious do not
form a portion of the substantive pathious fixed for each Devaswom at
the time of assumption and are not legally chargeable to the Deva¬
swom Fund. I take it that the Devaswom Fund is responsible only for
the maintenance of the Scheduled Devaswoms" according to the pathiou
fixed for them at the time of assumption. All accessions to such pathious
could only be regarded as Vazhioadus instituted under special com¬
mands from time to time and are accordingly chargeable to the general
revenues of the State. I will quote, as an instance, the annual accession
to the pathivus of certain scheduled and unscheduled Siva temples under
special Royal Neet on every Birthday of His Highness the Maharajah.
Although such accessions do really have the same importance as the
original pathious, so long as the Government treat the Devaswom Fund
as separate from and as not belonging to State funds, a distinction has
necessarily to be maintained for purposes of debit. So again, several
scheduled Devaswoms in' the Trivandrum taluk get supplies from the
Utsaoamatom and it cannot be contended that all these should be a
charge on the Devaswom Fund. These are my reasons for urging that
the State revenue should bear the burden of the pathious which were
formerly met out of Ootiupuras, Thingal, Japadakshina, or other
sources which were transferred at the time of re-organisation to the
Devaswom Budget concerned for better audit and convenience—Vide
para 70 of G. O. No. D. 4905, dated the 25th October 1912.
6. Effective supervision oh the spot is the greatest preventive of mis¬
management. It would not be possible to entrust the actual every day
management of all temples to superior officers, and the daily admini¬
stration of by far the large, majority of institutions has necessarily to be
left to low-paid temple servants. Any scheme which aims at securing
efficient and proper control over the work of the lower Devaswom
subordinates should provide firstly, lor the actual supervision of the
affairs of all the more important Devaswoms being carried on by a resi¬
dent officer of status, and secondly for a numerically strong inspectorate.
Subordinate supervising officers possessing only powers of inspection may
degenerate into wandering nuisances like the old Ooilu Aminadars and
are apt to lose touch with the details of work in the Devaswom offices.
An inspecting officer who has charge of an institution has certain definite
.and onerous duties which he cannot shirk, and he will he able to gain a
unique insight into the inner working of the Department and introduce
reforms and check mismanagement in the smaller institutions which he
 25

inspects. At the same time, it cannot be denied that, by chaining him

down to the routine management of one institution, the inspection work
of other institutions under him would be curtailed. As inspection work
is of more importance, it is proposed to confine him to it, at the same
time stationing him near the most important Devaswom in the group so
as to enable him to closely study its working. The inspecting staff
should, it is also essential, be numerically sufficient. Generally speak¬
ing, the institutions under the inspecting officer should be within easy
reach so as to enable him to pay frequent visits and conduct surprise
inspections often. To ensure that the services in the most important
Devaswoms are properly performed, it is essential that there should be a
resident officer of sufficient status as Manager. The situation of the
temples as well as the expenditure on them are so varied, as it is not
possible to group them in such a manner as to equalise the expenditure,
the number of Devaswoms or the area of the several groups. All these
factors have, as far as possible, been taken into consideration in consti¬
tuting the groups I have suggested.
7. The grouping of Devaswoms is not an original idea which I have
now brought forward for the approval of Government. From the time
of the assumption, this idea has been in vogue and the distinction
between an Ezhuthitheeruva Devaswom and its Keezheedus is based on
the same principle. To place smaller Devaswoms within the fold of an
important Devaswom for purposes of administration and control was the
cardinal idea involved in fixing the pathivus of 994 m. e- Even so when
those pathivus are examined, it will be found that the pathivus of the
keezheedusaxe merged in those of the major Devastooms. Again, a
similar grouping was advocated by Mr. Ramachandra Rao. He pro¬
posed to group Devaswoms into as many as 71. The Devaswom
separation Committee also brought into prominence the need for group¬
ing Devaswoms. But they took the territorial jurisdiction of two or
more taluks as the unit. Cochin has done the grouping in the organisation
of the new Devaswom Department, I have considered the schemes in
all the above cases carefully and have come to the conclusion that the
principle on which Devaswoms are to be grouped should primarily be
based on administrative efficiency and convenience of control, by which
I mean that any officer placed in charge of a group should, if he works
diligently, be ordinarily able to personally supervise the detailed working
of the Devaswoms in the group and guide the lower subordinate em¬
ployed in them. This cannot be achieved unless the area to be covered
is within reasonable reach and the important ceremonies in each do not
coincide as far as possible. At the same time, the total expenditure
involved in each group should not be excessive in the sense that it is
unfair to make a group officer responsible for it consistent with his pay.
While Mr. Ramachandra Rao’s grouping erred on the side of fewness
of the number of Devaswoms, the groups proposed by the Devaswom
 26

Separation Committee want too far in the opposite direction and gave
the group officers extensive jurisdiction and made the possibility of
inspection nominal. I have endeavoured to make the groups as con¬
venient and compact as possible with due regard to the considerations
mentioned above. In fixing the groups, I have taken due care about
(1) the number of important Devaswoms in the group, (2) die special
ceremonies to be conducted in them and (3) the total expenditure
involved. It will be futile to attempt an equalisation in regard to any of
these matters. Practical experience alone could show how the groping
now proposed can be improved upon. It seems to me that there is no
objection to empower the Commissioner to transfer one Devaswom from
one group to another for purposes of administration, intimating the fact
to the Government and the Account Officer.
8. In accordance with the principles enumerated above, the
Devaswoms mentioned in the Schedule to the Proclamation may be
divided into 18 groups, each under a group officer who may be desig¬
nated Superintendent. In view to the large expenditure and importance
I would propose the appointment of resident officers, who may be desig¬
nated Managers, in charge of the Devaswoms at Cape Comorin, Suchin-
dram, Thiruvattar, Haripad, Ambalapuzha, Vaikom and Ettumanur.
Of these seven Managers, two viz., those at Suchindram and Vaikom
may be given a scale of Rs. 50-512-60, and the remaining five a scale of
Rs. 35-5|2-50. The State may be divided into four Districts each in
charge of an Assistant Commissioner who will be the only link between
the Commissioner and the Superintendent. Appendix C furnishes
detailed particulars of the groups and districts proposed. A summary of
the same is subjoined. The amount is given in round figures and is only
approximate, the price of paddy having been taken at Chs. 20 per
parah. The area in the case of each group is the total of the areas only
of the pakuthies containing Devaswoms. The references are to the
taluks as proposed to be re-constituted from the first Chingam 1098.
 29

9. The above summary would show lhat some of the groups differ
very widely in the matter of annual expenditure e. g., Nagercoil. spends
Rs. 1,43,400 and Padmanabhapuram Rs. 1,09,800 against Thrikariyur
with an annual outlay of Rs. 13,000 and Vettikavalfi of Rs. 21,300.
In the Nagercoil group, the Suchindrum temple alone consumes
Rs. 83,000, and Thiruvattar Rs. 38,000 in the Padmanabhapuram
group, and the Devaswoms in either group are within a compact area.
The Thrikariyur group comprises the revenue taluks of Todupuzha and
Muvattupuzha ; and Vettikavala the taluks of Kottarakara and Pathana-
puram. There are no Sirkar Devaswojm in the Devicolam taluk and
the Tahsildar or other Hindu officer of the place may be made ex-officio
Superintendent and placed under the Assistant Commissioner at Vaikom
for the disbursing of the grants to the Private Devaswoms in that taluk.
The two Devaswoms in the Peermade taluk will, with the re-con¬
stitution of taluks, belong to the Changanacherry taluk. The best
arrangement would be to place them as well as the Private Devaswoms
in the Peermade taluk under the special officer whom I am proposing
for the administration of the Erumeli and Paschima Devaswoms which
are Personal Deposit Account institutions and who will be paid from
the Personal Deposit Fund. The Superintendent at Quilon will have
jurisdiction over the taluks ol Quilon, Kunnathur and Karunagapalli,
and the Superintendent at Alwaye over the taluks of Parur and Kunnat-
nadr There is no gainsaying the fact that some of the Groups are too
extensive for a single officer and that experience would show that their
bifurcation is necessary. For the time being, they may be experiment¬
ally tried.
10. Separate officers of the grade of Superintendents are required
fot the Personal Deposit Devaswoms atThuravur, Pattazhi, and Erumel,
and Paschima. The other Personal Deposit Devaswoms will be con¬
trolled by the Superintendents within whose jurisdiction they are
situated. Detailad proposals in regard to the Personal Deposit Deva¬
swoms inside the State will follow.
11. The Superintendents are proposed to be ranked in’ two grades,
with an incremental scale attached as below: —
6 in the 1 st Grade on Rs. 125 each.
12 in the 2nd Grade on Rs. 75-5/1-100 each.
The office staff of Superintendents will consist of one clerk-
accountant and one peon. The Superintendents and their office staff
should be given ordinary travelling allowance under the Service Regu-

12. The Assistant Commissioners will be four in number and on

Rs. 200-25/2-250, I consider it essential that their minimum pay
 30

should not be less than Rs. 200 and that they should (not be- denied
opportunities lor promotion to suitable appointments in the Land Re¬
venue and other departments, particularly in view of the fact that they
have no scope for promotion in this Department) not be denied opportu¬
nities for promotion to suitable appointments in the Land Revenue and
other departments, particularly in view of the fact that they have no
scope for promotion in this Department.
13. It will be seen from the above proposals that,' in the new
Devaswom Department, there will be two classes of officers viz.. Super¬
intendents and Assistant Commissioners, besides the Head of the
Department. The Superintendents form the unit of administration and
are the keystone of the efficiency and success of Devaswom work. They
will be drawing officers responsible for an expenditure ranging from
Rs. 13,000 to Rs. 1,43,400. On an average, each Superintendent will
have to be responsible for an expenditure of Rs. 40,000 ; and it cannot
be gainsaid that that justifies the appointment of an officer of sufficient
status and pay. I may mention that this work is now being done by
Taluk Tahsildars, no doubt with other responsibilities. Important cere¬
monies such as Car Festivals in South Travancore, Utsaoams, &c., have
to be conducted by the Superintendent primarily; and unless his position
is kept above suspicion, there is every chance of a breakdown especially
in a department where the co-operation of the people is pre-eminently
necessary and where opportunities for speculation and malpractices are
innumerable. It is these considerations which have weighed with me in
proposing a minimum salary of Rs. 75 and the division of Superintend¬
ents into two grades, the lower grade being given a time-scale and
opportunities for promotion by good work. The pay and scale now
proposed for Superintendents will not be found excessive in comparison
with those in other departments, especially after the revisions recently
ordered. The lower scale is identical to that of the Assistant Tahsildars
and the higher to that of Stationary Magistrates.
14. A word in regard to the grade and pay of the Assistant Com¬
missioners will not be out of place. In the beginning, I thought the
districts of each Assistant Commissioner could be made conterminous
with the Revenue Divisions. But on going through the details of the
number of Devaswoms and the expenditure involved'in them, I realised that
such a course was impracticable. Even with a distribution of the whole
State into four districts for purposes of Devaswom administration, I find
that each Assistant Commissioner will have to control and account for
expenditure ranging from Rs. 11 lakhs to Rs. 3J lakhs nearly, and
exercise jurisdiction over extensive areas. Unless the Assistant Com¬
missioners are thoroughly reliable officers who are competent to .make
their influence felt both on the people and on them subordinates and who
have developed sufficient capacity in executive work, the organisation of
 31

a separate Devaswom Department would not help to make the working of

Devaswoms more efficient or satisfactory. In proposing the pay of
Assistant Commissioners, 1 have bestowed much care and consideration
and am of the decided opinion that any officer drawing less than Rs. 200
would not suffice. The Assistant Commissioners will all be of the rank
of Divisional Treasury Officers. It is believed that the assimilation of
the scales of pay with what obtains in other departments, particularly in
the Land Revenue Department, would not only be equitable in itself,
but also facilitate free interchange of officers and equalise chances of
promotion. It may be argued that, for purposes of promotion, an officer
in the Devaswom Department need not necessarily seek for chances in
the same department and that there may be established a reciprocity
between the Devaswom Department and the Revenue Department
to which it is now attached. Experience has, however, proved that,
when one department has been separated from another and placed under
an independent head, the chances of officers in either department to hope
for, and much less obtain, preference in the other are few. So long as
the cadre of the officers in the several departments is treated as different,
it cannot but be so. It is therefore essential for the harmonious and
satisfactory working of a department to provide for a free flow of promo¬
tion in the same department. I would emphasise this view especially as
other departments are open to all classes of His Highness’ subjects,
whereas appointments in the Devaswom Department have to be restricted
to caste Hindus. Again, it would be unfair to ask an officer of the
Devaswom Department whip does his work well and satisfactorily to
wait for vacancies and chances elsewhere and to take in men from other
departments who may or may not be acquainted with the working or
policy of this department.
15. I have already stated in a previous paragraph that each group
officer may be allowed one clerk-accountant and one peon. The services
of the subordinate officers employed in the major Devaswoms in the
group could also be utilised by him. I propose that the clerk of the
group officer be given a pay of Rs. 25-1-30 and the peons Rs. 9-1 /6-11.
16. In fixing the office establishment of the Assistant Commissioner,
it has to be borne in mind that he is primarily responsible not only for
the proper control and management of the Devaswoms in his district but
has to account for all receipts and expenditure both to the Commissioner
and to the Account Officer. He will have also to move in camp very
often throughout his district especially during seasons of Ustavams and
festivals. His office establishment should therefore be pretty strong
both in the correspondence and in the accounts branches. It is my pro¬
posal that correspondence in the Devaswom Department should, as far as
possible, be conducted in the Vernacular, English being adopted in
communications to other departments and the Account Office. The
 32

clerks, therefore, should be well acquainted,with Vernacular i, e., Tamil

and Malayalam. I propose that each Assistant Commissioner may be
given the following staff ;—
1 Manager Rs. 40-2)1-50
1 Correspondence Clerk ,, 25-5/3-40
1 Camp clerk 20-2)3-30
1 Head Accountant 35-3/2-50.
2 Assistant Accountants ,, 25-5/3-40 (each)
1 Registering and
Despatching clerk ,, 20-2)3-30
4 Peons „ 9-1/6-11 each.
1 Mochi „ 12-1)5-14.
17, As regards the Commissioner’s Office, I would propose the
following establishment. The Personal Assistant may be recruited from
the cadre of Tahsildars and maybe given a local allowance of Rs. 25 in
addition to his grade pay.
Correspondence Branch.
(a) English Section.
1 Head Clerk Rs. 75-5-100.
1 Clerk ,, 40-512-70.
2 Clerks „ 25-513 40 each.
1 Typist „ 20-312-35-513,50.
1 Camp clerk „ 25-513-40.
(b) Vernacular Section
1 Head Rayasam „ 50-2/1-60.
2 Assistant Rayasams „ 20 each.
Account Branch.
1 Head Accountant „ 75-5-100-
3 Assistant Accountants 1 on „ 40-5)2-70.
2 on „ 25-5/3-40 each.
1 Estimator and Draftsman ,, 35-3/2-50.
1 Paditharam Examiner ,, 40-512-60.
1 Clerk for the revision of
pathious and keeping of
Tkiruoabharanams, Pat-
tuparicattams, Bharani-
patrams, Registers and
accounts. Rs. 25-5/3-40.
1 Record and Stationery §
Keeper „ 40-5/2-70.
1* Registering and Despat¬
ching clerk. ,, 25-5/3-40.
 33

1 Mochies. Rs. 12-1/5-14 each.

1 Duffadar, ,,14
8 Peons „ 9-116-11 each.
18. The Devaswom Commissioner should take rank, in the
matter of pay and prcedence, along with the Heads of major
Departments of the State. The Commissioner should be the adviser
to the Government in matters relating to Devaswom administration and
he may also be consulted in matters affecting Hindu temples and in
respect of applications for permission to open places of public workship.
The Commissioner is directly responsible to Government for the
proper management and control of Devaswoms, charitable -institutions
and Japadakshina placed under his charge. It shall be his duty.—
(1) to supervise and control the working of the sub-ordinate
offices of the Devaswom Department.
(2) to regulate the expenditure within sanctioned pathivus and
estimates,
(3) to Watch and collect the receipts from all sources due to
the Devaswom Fund, Personal Deposit Devaswoms and all other insti¬
tutions under him,
(4) to make arrangements for the proper preservation and custody
of Nddaoaraous, Thiruvabhdranams, P(diuparoiattom$, BharanipatramS
and all the belongings of the Devaswoms and other institutions under
his charge.
(5) to See the live-stock attached to Devaswoms properly cared
for,
(6) to submit proposals for the revision of paihims of Devaswoms
for the sanction of Government.
(7) to submit to Government an annual report on the administra¬
tion of Devaswoms and other institutions in his charge with special
reference to the transactions of the Devaswom Fund.
(8) to act as the administrator of Devaswom Fund subject to
the rules and instructions that may bo laid down by Government, and
(9) to generally see the administration of Devaswoms conduct¬
ed in accordance with the intentions of the Proclamation.

19, It shall he competent to the commissioner

(1) to make appointments in the sanctioned establishment, both
in the offices and in the Devaswoms under him, the pay of which does
hot exceed Rs. 50 per mensem, subject to the provisions of the Public
Service Notification and such other rules or orders as may be issued by
Government from time to time,
 34 '

(2) to appoint all subordinates in the Devaswoms and other

institutions under bis control, such as Santhikars, Homakars, Sioa-
poojakars, etc., with' the proviso that he should not divest Karanma
holders of appointments without the sanction o£ Government, or appoint
Santhikars, who are now appointed from the Palace under Royal
Neet,
(3) to sanction all contracts for supplies and services to
Devaswoms provided that the total value in each case does not exceed
Rs. 5,000.
(4) to sanction purchase^ of provisions in cash where no con¬
tractors are forthcoming, provided the sanctioned pathlous and the
budget estimate for the purpose are not exceeded,
(5) to sanction the disposal of Nadauaraou provisions, useless
silks and vessels, and credit the amount to the Devaswom Fund and
make the necessary alterations in the Registers,
(6) to get the Nadacaravu gold and silver melted in the Mint
and make the necessary alterations in the Thirucabharanam Registers.
(7) to arrange for the disposal, with the previous sanction of
Government, of useless Thirutiabharanams, vessels and Vahanams and
credit the amounts to the Devaswom concerned,
(8) to sanction the construction of new Thitmabhdranams,
vessels and Vahanams using old materials, provided that in case of
estimates exceeding Rs. 500, he should get the sanction of Govern¬
ment.
(9) to sanction the disposal of all live-stock in Devaswoms
except elephants,for which latter the previous sanction of Government
should be obtained,
(10) to transfer any officer whom he is competent to appoiht and
all members of the non-gazetted staff.
i, 11) to grant any kind of leave, under the rules, to any officer
whom be is competent to appoint, casual leave to all officers under him
and privilege leave to all except Assistant Commissioners.
(12) to place a Superintendent in additional charge of a
neighbouring group when the Superintendent of the latter is on leave;
(13) to dismiss, degrade, suspend, discharge, retire and accept
the resignation of any officer whom he is competent to appoint. Before
the Devaswom Commissioner dismisses, degrades, suspends or dis¬
charges an officer, he shall take the written explanation of 6uch officer,
it being, however, competent, to the Commissioner to suspend an officer
pending the submission by the latter of his explanation. The final
order passed by the Commissioner dismissing, degrading, suspending or
discharging an officer shall state, (i) the charges against such officer,
 35

(ii) the evidence in support of such charges, (iii) the finding in each
charge and (iv) the previous punishments, if any, imposed on the officer,
and the later shall be furnished by the Commissioner with a copy of the
order imposing the punishment. The Commissioner may fine all officers
below him except Assistant Commissioners to the extent of Rs (5)
five at a time. It is open to a subordinate punished by the Devaswom
Commissioner to appeal against the order of punishment within 30 days
after die receipt by him of the ' copy of the order appealed against,
provided however that no appeal shall lie from an order imposing a fine;
(14) to sanction estimates for petty construction and repairs
up to a limit of Rs. 500 in each case,
(15) to allow transfer of items of expenditure under
Purathepaditharom for annual Utsavams and sanction revised estimates
for the same, provided that the total expenditure does not exceed the
sanctioned pathwus,
(!6) to sanction all estimates not exceeding the total
sanctioned pathwus for special purificatory and other ceremonies not
included in the pathiou, provided funds are available in the budget and
the expenditure does not, exceed Rs. 500 in each case,
(17) to transfer Superintendents from one group to another,
(18) to transfer a Devaswom or other institution from one
group to another,
(19) to conduct enquiries and report to Government regarding
the mis-management of Hindu Religious and Charitable institutions under
the Regulation III of 1079, and
(20) to make contributions for renewal and repairs of
Scheduled Devaswoms by private gentlemen or bodies, provided that
(a) an estimate is previously sanctioned for the purpose, (fi) that the
contribution shall not exceed one-half of the cost of the works or Rs. 500
in each case, and (c) that funds are available for the purpose.
20. It shall be the duty of the the Devaswom Commissioner
in the beginning to verify the Schedule to the Devaswom Proclamation
and propose any alterations that may he necessary, with a view to the
enactment of a revised Schedule. The Commissioner shall make a
correct list of all endowments that have been and may in future be
made to the Devaswoms under him and see that the proceeds are
properly appropriated and utilised according to the intentions of the
trusts.
21. It is desirable to vest the Assistant Commissioners also with
certain powers of sanction and disposal. They should be competent to
appoint, punish and grant leave to all subordinates in the offices and
Devaswoms and other institutions under them where the pay does not
exceed Rs* 20 per mensem. They may be empowered to grant casual
 $6
leave to the Superintendents and make'temporary arrangements for condue
of work, and to fine all subordinates except Superintendents. Contracts
for supplies and services up to a limit oi Rs. 1,000 may be confirmed,
and, estimates for petty construction and repairs up to Rs, 100 sanctioned,
by them.
22. The Superintendents may be empowered to grant leave to all
subordinates under them, except the Chief Officer of each Devaswom or
institution, and fine all subordinates subject to a maximum of Re. (!)
one at a time. They should have power to place any subordinate
under suspension pending sanction. They may also be • empowered to
incur the expenditure necessary for temporary S udhi (Pasudana
Punyahom) for the conduct of daily ceremonies, in anticipation of
sanction.
23. In regard to accounts procedure, I would suggest the
desirability of placing an Assistant Account Officer on special duty to
work with me for two weeks to issue a set of detailed instructions on the
subject for the guidance of Treasury and Devaswom Officers, and to
prepare the forms to be prescribed for the several registers, returns and
accounts. This is an important item of work which should be attended
to urgently, so that the printed forms and registers may be ready before
the Department begins its working. As it is, the accounts work relating
to the Devaswoms is not in a satisfactory condition and it is therefore
essential that the new Department should not be handicapped either by
delay in the supply of forms or by the absence of clear rules laying
down the correct procedure.
24. The general principles on which the accounts and audit work
of the Department may be conducted are outlined below. In regard
to receipts which, under the Devaswom Proclamation, go to the
Devaswom Fund, the Head of the Department should be responsible.
The publication of an annual classified abstract of receipts showing the
revenue realised from each institution would serve as an incentive to local
patriotism and encourage private generosity to minor institutions, and
serve as an index to the Department of the popular support for the
institution and to its claim for demands on the general Devaswom Fund.
It is not, however, contemplated that the expenditure on any Devaswom
should be made to depend solely on its receipts or be even proportionate
thereto. The figures would serve as an equitable guide in judging the
demands that may be made on the Mararaat and other special allotments
by the several Devaswoms. The budgetting of expenditure chargeable
to general revenues will be done as in other departments. The detailed
. budget of the Devaswom Department, including therein the Maramat ,
works need not form part of the State Budget but should issue
separately.
 25. Forty per cent, of the budgetted Land Revenue, or any
higher sum which the Government may fix, will at the beginning of
each year be transferred to the Personal Deposit Account of the
Devaswom Commissioner who will intimate to the Account
Officer the distribution of the amount among the several
Superintendents and Assistant Commissioners with a view
to instructions being issued to the Treasury Officers
concerned to make the disbursements. Appropriate sub-heads should
be opened both under receipts and expenditure in order to facilitate
detailed audit. The annual balance in the Fund may be invested with
the sanction of Government in the Savings Bank or elsewhere on proper
security. Separate registers, &c., should be maintained for the trans*
actions relating to the Devaswom Fund and the genera] revenues.
‘26. The Superintendents will be given permanent advances from
which they can meet unforeseen expenses and purchase articles the
supply of which is not let on contract. Ordinarily, the supply of pro¬
visions should be given on contract and monthly payments made there¬
for. In respect of the Devaswoms in his group the Superintendent will
either make sub-advances to the local Manager, Srikariam, Chantjiram
or other subordinate or 'meet the expenditure himself directly. The
permanent advance need not ordinarily exceed the amount of security ;
but a hard and fast rule like that would prevent the free transfer of
Superintendents. The amount will have to be fixed with due reference
to the nature and extent of the disbursements to be made daily in the
group and the distance from the nearest Treasury from which the
advance is to be periodically recouped. The Superintendent shall
maintain a contingent register to show the amounts drawn by him in
respect of each of the several institutions under his charge. The •
detailed monthly bills with the payee's vouchers should be forwarded
after the close of every month to the Assistant Commissioner who will
audit the same and pass it on to the Account Officer.
27. The following are among die registers to be maintained in the
offices of the Superintendents:—
1. Cash Book' (Nalvazhi).
2. Acquittance Roll.
3. Undisbursed Salary Register.
4.. Permanent Advance Register.
, 5. Contingent Register.
6. Revenue Deposit Register.
7. Endowment Register.
8. Register of VazhiOadus.
9. Register of Pathivas.
10. Register of undisbursed Pathim.
11. Register of re-payments on undisbursed Pathivu-
 %
12. Register of Thimvabharanams,
13. Register of Bharanipattams.
14. Register of Paltuparivattams-
15. Register of Securities.
16. Paddy anti rice register.
28. The following are the registers to be kept in the office of the
Assistant Commissioner in addition to the usual account registers;—
1. Revenue Deposit Register.
2. Register of Security Deposits
3. Consolidated Statement of Receipts.
4. Monthly Account.
5. Classified Abstract of Receipts.
6. Classified Abstract of Payments.
29. The accounts work of the department may be concentrated in
the offices of the Assistant Commissioners who will correspond directly
with the Account Officer in the matter. Consolidated monthly abstracts
of receipts and expenditure should be forwarded by them to the Com¬
missioner’s Office. Only a general check will be exercised in the
Office of the Commissioner. In proposing the staff required for the
Head Office and the Disirict Offices, this has been the underlying idea.
Provision should be made for audit of the Devaswom Fund accounts in
the Account Office and for the offices of the Department being periodi¬
cally inspected by the Outside Audit Branch.
30. I shall prepare detailed lists enumerating the duties and powers
of Assistant Commissioners and Superintendents, after sanction is
obtained for the organisation of the Department in respect of the con¬
trolling staff. Generally speaking, part of the powers now vested in
Peishkars in regard to the administration of Devaswoms may be devol¬
ved on the Assistant Commissioners and the rest retained with the
Commissioner whose powers in certain directions are also capable of
amplification by Government delegating some of the powers now exer¬
cised in the Huzur.
31. In regard to the supervision of outside Devaswoms, I would
suggest that the officer in charge of Perumanom Utchapuja be entrusted
with the disbursement of all grants to Devaswoms in the Cochin State,
and the Agent in Tinnevelly be appointed Inspector of Devaswoms and
required to manage the two Personal Deposit Devaswoms, Malayan-
kulam and Klankulam, supervise the Trichandur and Rameswaram
Kattalais, conduct the Utsaoam in the former Devaswom and disburse
the grants to Devaswoms and institutions noted below:—
1. Valliyur.
2. Kuthukkalvalasa Azhakianachi Amman.
3. Thirukuttalanadaswami,
4. Sankaranayanarcoil.
 5. Alwarkuriclii.
6. Tinnevelley Salvadeeswaraswami.
7. Nangunaseri.
8. Thirukunankudi Azhakianambi.
9. Thiruvaduthura Adhinam.
10. Darmapuram Adhinam.
11. Skiiyali Adhinam.
12. Kannadiyan Satrom.
13- Thirukuramkudi Satrom.
Benares Satrom, grants to Tirupathi and Badarinat will be directly
under the Commissioner.
32. The officer to be appointed in charge of the Perumanom Deva¬
swom may be allowed the pay of a Superintendent of the 2nd grade; and
the Inspector of Devaswoms in Tinnevelly a fixed pay of Rs. (50) fifty
per mensem. The honorarium and travelling allowance now given to the
Sirkar Agent at Tinnevelly may be stopped. The former may be
allowed the same staff and contingencies as other Superintendents of
Devaswoms and the latter a peon on the scheduled scale. The pay and
other expenses of the Perumanom Superintendent will be met from the
Personal Deposit Fund, but those of the Inspector of Devaswoms in
Tinnevelly have to .be paid from the State revenues. The Perumanom
Superintendent should be under the Assistant Commissioner at Vaikom
and the British Inspector under the Assistant Commissioner, Trivandrum,
and they will hold transactions with the Parur and Shencottah Sub-
Treasuries, respectively.
33. Full particulars regarding the cost of the establishment proposed
are furnished in Appendix D. The estimate of the allotments under
travelling allowance arid the Several items of contingencies required for
1098 may be fixed at Rs. 18,000. The actual cost of establishment,
which does not include the staff proposed for Perumanom Devaswom as
it is payable from the Personal Deposit Funds, for 1098 will, calculating
the pay of the officers itl the several grades at the minimum of the scales
proposed, be Rs, 72,096. The allotments contemplated under rent may
not have to be Utilised at all as it will be possible to use Sirkar buildings
wherever available. The expenditure under purchase and repair of
furniture will mostly be of a non-recurring nature as being required for
the initial equipment necessary for the several offices. The estimates
may be fixed tentatively. According to my proposals, the cost of the
department for 1098 will amount to Rs. 90,096, which does not include
the provision for the pay of the subordinate Devaswom staff detailed in
Appendix A to the State Budget.
34- The average cost, under salaries, of the establishment proposed
amounts to Rs. 81,566 per annum, which is only-7 per cent of the esti¬
mated outlay of twelve lakhs of rupees on Devaswojns, excluding
 40

the outlay on petty construction and repairs carried out departmentally.

The supervising staff should, it is essential, be strong, well-paid, reliable
and efficient in a spending department, particularly so in one like that of
the Devaswoms where opportunities for corruption abound. This ex¬
penditure should not be taken to represent tbe cost on the administration
of the Scheduled Devaswoms alone, as the proposed organisation would
be in addition managing the State Charities consuming nearly two lakhs
of rupees per annum and will besides be responsible for tbe administra¬
tion of the Personal Deposit Devaswoms as well as the supervision of
the aided Private Devaswoms, both in and outside the State. The pay
proposed for the several grades of officers and clerks will be found to be
identical with those now granted to officers doing similar work in other
departments. Any lowering of the scales of pay proposed would, I am
afraid, prejudicially affect the status and attractiveness of the Department.
Tbe Devaswom Department should be able to secure and retain the
services of the best men.
Trivandrum, 1 M. RAJA RAJA VARMA,
29th June 1922, J DeoasuJom Commissioner.

G. 0. Dis. No.]278/22/G. B. dated 11/I3th July 1922, sanctioning

the Staff for the Devaswom Department.
Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maha Rajd
of Travancore.
Read:-*
(') Devaswom Proclamation, dated the 12th April 1922 j
(2) The Press Communique on the above Proclamation of the
same date f
(3) Letter R. O. C. No. 206 of 21, dated the 13th April 1922
to Mr. M. Raja Raja Varma m. a., b. l., Efficiency Audit Officer,
appointing him as Devaswom Commissioner ; and
(4) Letter R. o. C. No. 1 of 22, dated the 29th June 1922
from the Devaswom Commissioner, forwarding a memorandum contain*
ing‘proposals for the organisation of the Devaswom Department.
The Devaswom Proclamation having prescribed the formation df a
Devaswom Fund and a separate Department for the efficient manage*
ment and control of the Devaswoms falling within its purview,
Mr. M. Raja Raja Varma, Efficiency Audit Officer was, on the 13th
April 1922, appointed the Devaswom Commissioner and he Was directed
inter alia to formulate definite proposals Jor giving effect to the pro*
visions of the Proclamation from the 1st Chingam 1098 and to furnish
details of the inspecting, clerical and other staff required for the neW
 41

Department, including his own office. The memorandum read above

has been submitted by him in pursuance of this order of Government.
One of the important matters dealt with in the memorandum relates to the
management and control of the Devaswoms.
On this point the Commissioner has recommended as follows: —
(1) The State should, for administrative purposes, be divided
into four districts viz., Suchindram, Trivandrum, Ambalapuzha and
Vaifcom and these districts subdivided into eighteen groups;
(2) Each of the districts should be placed in charge of an officer
styled an Assistant Commissioner and each of the groups in charge of a
Superintendent;
(3) A Manager should be attached to each of the Devaswoms
viz.. Cape Comorin, Suchindram, Thiruvattar, Haripad, Ambalapuzha,
Vaikom and Ettumanur in view of their importance and the large ex¬
penditure annually incurred by them ;
(4) A separate Manager should be appointed at Tinnevelley to
look after the Personal Deposit Devaswoms of Malayankulam and Klan-
kulam, to supervise the Trichandur and Rameswaram Kattalais and dis¬
burse the allowances due to thirteen other institutions outside Travan-
core;
(5) The following rate of pay should be granted for the Assist-
it Commissioners, Superintendents and Managers;
Assistant Commissioner 200-2512-250
1st Gr ad e “Superintendent 125
2nd Grade Superintendent Rs, 75-5/1-100
1st Grade Manager Rs 50-512-60
2nd Grade Manager Rs, 35-5/2-50
Manager at Tinnevelly 50
(6) The following staff should be sanctioned for :—
A. Commissioner’s Office.
1 Personal Assistant Rs. 175 ^L. A. Rs. 25
1 Head clerk Rs.. 75-5/1-100
I Head Accountant Ra. 75-511-100
1 Head Raysom Rs. 50-2/1-60
1 Clerk Rs. 40-5(2-70
I Accountant Rs. 40-5(2-70
1 Paditharom Examiner Rs. 40-5/2-60
1 Thiruvabharanam Examiner Rs. 25-5/3-40
1 Record Keeper Rs’ 40-5)2-70
1 Estimater and Draftsman Rs. 35-5/2-50
1 Typist Rs. 20-3/2-35-5/3-50
 42

6 Clerks Rs. 25-513-40 each

2 Assistant Rayasoms Rs. 20 each
2 Mocheej Rs. 12-1/5-14 each
1 Duffadar Rs. 14
8 Peons Rs. 9-1 /6-1 1 each

fit. (Each) Assistant Commissioner’s Office.

Rs.
1 Manager 40-2/1-50
1 Head Accountant 35-3/2-50
1 Clerk 25-5/3-40
2 Assistant Accountants 25-5/3-40 each
1 Camp clerk 20-2/3-30
1 Registering and Despatching Clerk 20-2/3-30
1 Mochee ... 12-1/5-14
4 Peons ... 9-1/6-11 each
C. (Each) Superintendent's Office.
1 Clerk-Accountant 25-1/1-30
I Peon - 9-1/6-11
D. Tinntoelly Manager's Office.
1 Peon 9-1/6-11
Order .thereon Dis. No. 278/22/G. B., dated Trivandrum,
1I/l3th July 1922.
Government have carefully scrutinised the proposals of the Deva-
swom Commissioner as regards the grouping of Devaswoms, the staff
proposed, and the emoluments recommended to be given them. They
are convinced that only the absolute minimum consistent with efficiency
has been recommended, as regards staff and salary, and that the group¬
ing has been done with care. The Devaswom Commissioner’s recom¬
mendations on these subjects are sanctioned. Appended are two state¬
ments showing, respectively. (1) the financial effect of the scheme
(2) particulars of the groups and districts under it. The total average
cost, according to statement (1), on account of the officers and establish¬
ment of the new Department amounts to Rs. 82,782 per annum, and the
initial expenditure for 1098 is Rs.; 71,856. The Devaswom officer
sanctioned for TinnevcFly should also look after the duties of the Sirkar
Agent and the honorarium of Bh. Rs. 35 per mensem given to the latter
will be stopped.
 43

2. The groups as given in statement (2) do not comprise the Deva-

swoms in the Devicoiam Division and the aided institutions outside the
State. The Devaswom Commissioner is requested to furnish forthwith
full particulars in regard to them for incorporation in the statement.
3. As regards the other proposals contained in the Devaswom Com¬
missioner’s memorandum, orders will issue separately.
(By order)
R. KRISHNA P1LLAI,
Ag. Chief Secretary to Government.

APPENDIX.
Statement I.
/. Controlling and Inspecting Officers.
Rs.
1 Commissioner 500-100/2-700
4 Assistant Commissioners 200-2512“ 250 each.
6 Superintendents 125 each.
12 Superintendents 75-511-100 each.

Total average cost per mensem ■■ . ' 3,483i

Total average cost per annum . 41,800
II, Office of the Commissioner.
Rs.
1 Personal Assistant 175 + L. A. Rs. 25
1 Head Clerk 75-5/1-100
1 Head Accountant f.. 75-511-100
1 Head Rayasom 50-211-60
1 Clerk 40-5/2-70
1 Accountant 40-5/2-70
1 Paditharam Examiner 40-512-60
1 Thiruvabharanam Examiner 25-513-40
1 Record Keeper 40-512-70
1 Esiimater and Draftsman '' • • 35-5/2-50
1 Typist 20-3/2-35-513-50
6 Clerks 25-5/3-40 each.
2 Assistant Rayasoms 20 each.
2 Mochees 12-1/5-14 each.
I Dailadar 14
8 Peons .. 9-116-11 each.

Total average cost per mensem 1,! 44

Total average cost per annum 13,728
 44:

111, Officts oj the Assistant Commissioners.

Rs.
A Managers 40-2/1-50 each
4 Head Accountants 35-3/2-50 do.
4 Clerks 25-5/3-40 do
8 Assistant Accountants 25-513-40 do.
4 Camp Clerks 20-213-30 do.
4 Registering and Despatching Clerks 20-2/3-30 do.
4 Mochees 12-1/5-14 do.
16 Peons 9-1/6-11 do.

Total average cost per mensem 1,182

Total average cost per annum 14,184
IV. Offices of the Superintendents.
18 Clerk-Accountants Rs. 25-1-30 each.
18 Peons Rs. 9-116-1 i each.

Total average cost per mensem Rs. 692£

Total average cost per annum Rs. 10
v V. Devaswoms.
2 Managers Rs. 50-512-60 each.
5 Managers Rs. 30-5/2-50 each.

Total average cost per mensem Rs. 366|.

Total average cost per annum Rs. 4,040.
VI. Tinnevelly Group.
1 Manager Rs. 50.
1 Peon Rs. 9-1/6-11.

Total average cost per mensem Rs. 60

Total average cost per annum Rs. 720

Grand total...Rs. 82,782

 45

Extract from G- O. Dis. No. 315 of 22/G. B„ dated 11th August

1922.
Control over the personal deposit Dewaswoms.

C. Devaswoms having personal deposit Accounts.

In the G. O. R. O. C. No. 206 of 21, read above the Devaswon
Commissioner has been ordered to enquire into the condition of the
unincorporated Deyasoms and offer suggestions for the efficient adminis¬
tration of personal depsoit Devaswoms and their endowments. As it is
too early to say whether all or any of these Devaswom will ultimately
be handed over to local bodies, the management and administration of
these Devaswoms and their properties will be entrusted to the Devas¬
wom Department from 1098. It has to be noted by the Devaswom
Commissioner that the personal deposit Devaswoms include, besides
those borne on the accounts as such and situated within the State, Mala-
yankulam and Klankulam fDevaswoms in British territory and the
Perumanom Devaswom in the Cochin State now ordered to be treated
as a personal deposit Devaswom. The Kattaiais at Darbhasayanom and
Rameswaram now maintained out of the proceeds of the Kakur Estate
and administered by the Land Revenue Cammissioner are akin to a
personal deposit Devaswom. The management of this Estate and the
Kattaiais attached to it will also vest in the Devaswom Commissioner.

Extract from G. O. R. O. C."bfo. 206 of 21IG. B., dated 2nd

September 1922.
Regarding Classification of Devaswoms into Major, Minor and Petty.

In his Memorandum, the Devaswom Commissioner has made

proposals in regard to the duties and powers of the Officers of the
Devaswom Department and has also recommended the following classi¬
fication of Devaswoms, with preference to their expenditure in view to
administrative convenience and audit : —
I. Major Devaswoms which icost Rs. 1,000 or more annually,
these being subdivided into class (1) .costing Rs. 10,000 and above,
class (2) costing Rs. 5,0u0 and above and class (3) costing Rs. 1,000
and above.
II. Minor Devaswoms which cost annually between Rs. 100
and Rs. 1,000.
III. Petty Devaswoms which cost annually less than Rs. 100.

8. The classification of Devaswoms proposed by jhe Commissioner

u approved. The Commissioner is requested to prepare and submit a
classified list of the Scheduled Devaswoms in due course.
 46

Extract from G- G. Dis. No. 7!2J22iG. B.. dated 22nd December

1922
The Supe. interment, SLenkctra and the Assistant Commissioner,
T iv twin o e c e co :ro! over the Thrichandur Kattalais.

1. Sanction is also accorded for_ the administration of the above

Devaswoms anc< of the Kattalais and the Utsavom at Tbriehandur being
entrusteu to the Supcijntendeni of Devaswoms, Shencotta Group, under
me control of the Assistant Commissioner of Devaswoms, Trivandrum,
tbe Superintendent oeuig granted travelling allowance under tbe Tra-
vaacore Service Regulations over and above tho consolidated monthly
travelling allowance of Rs. (30) thirty for the additional journeys he
will have to matce m the unsieveily District.

G. O, R. Dis. No. 176/23/G. B., dated the 16th March 1923.

Sanctioning P. D. clerk in the Devaswom Commissioner’s Office.
With reference to your letter C. No. 449 of 23, dated the 7th
February i 923, 1 have the honour to inform you that, in the circum¬
stances stated, Government sanction your proposal to entertain a Clerk
on Us. 40-21 i -30 in your Office to attend to the correspondence relating
to the Personal Deposit Devaswoms, the expenditure on account of the
pay and pensionary contribution of the Clerk being debited to the
Thuravur, Pattazhi, Erumeli and Paschima Devaswoms and the Kakur
Estate, In this connection. I request that you will be so good as to
provide in your Department for supernumerary clerk, S. Venkatarama
Aiyengar of the Head Sirfear Vakil’s Office, drawing Rs. 50 per month,
(aide copy of letter No. 295, dated the 21st February 1923 from the
Head Sirkar Vakil enclosed).

G. O. R. O. C. No. 99123/Judl. dated 2nd May 1923. Personal

Assistant to the Devaswom Commissioner to be in.the cadre of Tahsildars.
Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the
Maharaja of fTrawncote.
Read again :—
G. O. Dis. No. 278/22/G, B„ dated the llth)13th July 1922
sanctioning the re-organisation of the Devaswom Department.
Read also : -
Letter R. 0. C. No. 1366 of 22, dated the 8th January 1923
from the Devaswom Commissioner, requesting that the grade of his Per¬
sonal Assistant may be declared to be that of a Tahsildar of the 1st or
2nd Grade, with the local allowance attached to the post.
In the G. O., read above, the Devaswom Commissioner Was given
a Personal Assistant on Rs. 175 with a local allowance of Rs- 25 per
 47

mensem, and a Second Grade Tahsiidar was appointed as his Personal

Assistant with a lien on the Rev enue D^panmau,
The Devaswom Commissioner now litmus iu die notice of Guvem-
ment that, when the Officer selected as his Personal Assistant becomes
eligible for the post in a hignei giadc ih«n hat of a Second Grade
Tahsiidar, he has to be relieved at once in order test ns may not suffer
for doing higher work under him. Mr. Raja Raja Vanns points out
that this would result in the frequent cnanges of his Peiaoua! assistant
and that such changes w odd fi 1 at“ * * o jee of 1 ooi i me i*
He therefore requests that the Grade of his Personal Assistant may be
declared to be that of a Tahsiidar of the First or Second Grade with
the local allowance attached to that post.
Order thereon. R. O. C. No. 99 of 231 Judl.,
dated Trivandrum, 2nd May 192a.
His Highness' Government agree wan tne Devaswom Commis¬
sioner in thinking thai his Personal ^assistant may oe recruited from the
cadre of Tahsildars of either the First or the Second Grade. Govern¬
ment accordingly declare that the Grade of the Personal Assistant to the
Devaswom Commissioner may be shat of a 1 ansildar of the First or
Second Grade, with the sanctioned local allowance of Rs. 25 per men¬
sem. This order will take eaect Irom the 1st Edavom 1098.
2. From the 1st Edavom 1098, the post of the Persona] Assistant
to the Devaswom Commissioner will be abolished, and one more
Tahsiidar in the Second Grade will be added to the cadre.
' By order)
S. PARAMESWARA IYER,
Secretary to (jcvernment.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 282 of 2J/G. B. dai- the th I ay 923.

Sanctioning additional clerks on Rs. 2u-l-2o m Groun Offices.
With reference to your letter No. M c ^ A" a sd the 31st
March 1923,1 have the honour to inform you that, m she circumstances
brought to notice, Government sanction the appointment of an additional
clerk on Rs. 20-1-25 per mensem to each oi tne 18 Superintendents of
your Department with effect from the 1 st Edavom i 098 the funds for the
purpose for 1098 being met from the savings under “Establishment” in
your budget.
In this connection ! am to point out that in filling up these places,
the supernumeraries who remain stiil to be absorbed in permanent
vacancies will have to be provided for. A list of such supernumeraries
has been called for from the Account Officer and will be forwarded to
you as soon as received.
 48

Extracts from G. O, R, Dis. No. 474|23!G. B.. dated the 9th July
1923,
Mutual transfers of Devaswom and other subordinates.
Government accord general sanction for the mutual transfer of
officers paid from the State Revenues and of those paid from the Deva¬
swom Fund, provided they are within the powers already granted to the
officers of the Devaswom Department.

Extracts from G. O. D. Dis. No. I53/24|G. B., dated die 27th March
1924.
Health certificate exemption for the Benares Satram Establishment.
Government sanction the Benares Satrom Establishment being ex¬
empted from the provisions of the Article 40, Travancore Service Re¬
gulations as also from the production .of Health certificates from the
Medical Officers in Travancore Service.

G. O. Dis. No. 174 of 24/G. B.: dated the 8th April 1924.
Sanctioning the post of Assistant to Perumanam Kariakar.
With refelence to your letter R. O. C. No. 38 of 22/P. D. dated
the 15th February 1924, I have the honor to inform you that, in the
circumstances stated. Government sanction the appointment of an
Assistant to the Perumanom Kariakar on a pay of Rs. (25) -twenty-five
per mensem with a peon on Rs. (8) eight per mensem to help the Karia¬
kar in the administration of the extra-territorial lands belonging to the
Scheduled Devaswoms of the State lying in Cochin, with effect from the
1 st Medom 1099. It is noted that the expenditure required on account
of the above staff will be met out of the Devaswom fund.

Extracts from G. O. R. Dis. No. 322/24JG. B., dated the 7th June
1924.
T. A. to Group Superintendents when in additional charge.
Government sanction the Devaswom Superintendents, when they
are in charge of more than one Group being allowed to draw, in
addition to their permanent travelling allowance, 50 per cent, of the per¬
manent travelling allowance admissible as per Appendix 4 to the Tra¬
vancore Service Regulations, as also the T. S. R. being corrected
accordingly.
 49

G. O. Dis. No. 798124/G. B. dated the 6th November 1924.

Sanctioning the post of an additional Typist in the Devaswom Com¬
missioner’s office.
.. With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 1 194 of 24 dated 27th
September 1924, I have the honor to inform you that Government
sanction the appointment of an additional typist on the usual scale of
Rs. 20-3/2-35-5/3-50 for your office with effect from the 15th Edavam
1099 and approve the action taken by you in the matter.

Extracts from G. O. R. O. C. No. 357/24/G. B„

dated the 21st January 1925,
Benares Satrom Establishment being exempted from Educational
qalification.
Government sanction the Benares Satrom Establishment being
exempted from the provisions of the Public Service Notification regarding
general educational qualification, referred to in Section 40, of the Tra-
vancore Service Regulations.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 391 [25|G. B. dated the 16th July 1925. .

Sanctioning the Post of Pathivu Revision clerk in the Devaswom
Commission’s office.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 2056/24 dated 1 7th
December 1924, I have the honour to inform you that, as recommended.
Government sanction the appointment of an additional clerk on Rs. (20)
twenty, per mensem, in the Office of the Devaswom Commissioner for
attending to the work in connection with the revision of the pathivus of
Devasoms, the expenditure being met from the Devaswom Fund,

G. O. R. Dis. No. 392 of 25/G. B. dated the 16th July 1925.- -

Sanctioning P. D. clerks in the Devaswom and the Assisiant
Devaswom Commissioners’ Offices.
With reference to your Office letter R. O. C. No. 1046 of 251
P. D., dated the 4th February 1925, re the auditing of the accounts of
the various personal deposit institutions under you, I have the honour to
inform you that Government sanction the appointment of one .additional
Clerk on Rs. 25-1 -30 for each of the four Assistant Commissioners of
Devaswoms and two auditing Glerks on Rs. 25-5(3-40 each, for your
Office and the Head Clerk in your office being given an allowance of
 50

Rs. (25' twenty-five, per mensem, for supervising the work and holding
responsible charge of the section in which the work is done, with effect
from the 1st Chingom 1101 m. e. It is noted that the extra cost on
account of the additional staff, will be met from the amount, accruing
annually by way of interest on the surplus funds of the institutions, in¬
vested in the Savings Bank.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 38 of 26|G. B. dated the 16th January 1926.

Health certificate in the case of the Benares Satram establishment.
With reference to your letter FI. 1483/68124, dated 22nd October
1925, 1 have the honor to inform you that Government sanction a de¬
claration signed before and attested by a Magistrate being accepted in
lieu of the health certificate prescribed in Article 40 of the Travancore
Service Regulations in the case of the Benares Satrom Establishment.

Creation of the post of Office Superintendent in the Devaswom

Commissioner’s office.
No. 719. Palace, Trivandrum,
23rd February 1926.
My Dear Sir,
With reference to your D. O. No. A., dated the 17/18th instant, I
write to inform you that Her Highness the Maha Rani Regent has been
pleased to sanctiod the following proposals :—
(1) The place of Head Clerk in the Office of the Devaswom
Commissioner as such be abolished ;
(2) The number of Second grade Superintendents be raised
from 12 to 13 ; and
(3) One of die first grade Devaswom Superintendents be ap¬
pointed to do duty in the Office of the Devaswom Commissioner as
Head Clerk, his designation being changed into ‘Office Superintendent.’

I am, my dear Sir,

Yours faithfully,
K. Narayanan Pandalai.
R, Krishna Pillai Esq , B. A., B.
Ag. Devaswom Commissioner, Travancore.
 si
Extracts from G. O. Dis. No. 5/27/G. B. dated the 6th January 1927.
Post of Personal Assistant to the Devaswom Commissioner.
.Government sanction the post of the Personal
Assistant to the Devaswom Commissioner being struck off the cadre of
Tahsiidars and declared as one of the regular appointments in the Devas¬
wom Department, the Personal Assistant's pay being fixed at Rs. 1 75
per mesem, with no duty allowance attached to the post

G. O. R. Dis. No. 279/271G. B. dated the 20th July 1927.

Sanctioning the appointment of Aminadars in the Assistant Deva¬
swom Commissioners’ offices.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 2792/24/M. dated the
7th|(2th April 1927, I have the honour to inform you that as recom¬
mended, Government sanction the appointment of four Maramat Amina¬
dars on a pay of Rs. 25-2-35 per mensem for each of the four offices of
the Assistant Devaswom Commissioners, with effect from the 1st
Chingom 1103, the expenditure being met from the General Revenues.

Extract from G- O. R. O. C. No. 612 of 28/Mis.,

dated the 21st September 1929.]
Drawing of the pay of the Pathivu Revision Clerk.
With reference to your letter C. No. 5971/28/Acc. dated the 9th
July 1928, I have the honor to inform you that Government sanction as
recommended the pay of the Pathivu Revision Clerk being drawn in the
monthly establishment pay bill of your office as is done in the case of
the clerks whose pay is debitable to the Personal Deposit Funds.

G. O, Dis. No. 1 /30/Mis. dated the 4th January 1930.

Formation of Sub-Groups.
Proceedings of the Government of Her Highness the
Maha Rani Regent of Travancore.
Read :—
(1) The Minutes of the conference held by Mr. M. Raja Raja
Varma, the first Devaswom Commissioner with the Assistant Commis¬
sioners, on the 5th and 6th Thulam 1099 indicating ithe lines on which
the Devaswoms should be organised into sub-groups ;
(2) Letter R. O. C. No. 1320123, dated 27th October 1923
from the Office of the Devaswom Commissioner calling for statements of
ub-groups ;
 52
(3) The statements received from the Assistant Commissioners
showing the sub-groups of Devaswoms and the staff required for them ;
(4) Letter R, O. C. No. 1320/23, dated 28th June 1924 from
Mr. Raja Raja VaTma forwarding to Government proposals for revising
the pay of the Fund establishment and the formation of sub-groups ;
(5) Letter R. O. C. No. 501 /24/G. B., dated 23rd January
1925 from Government re: the treatment of the employees likely to be
thrown out consequent on the sub-grouping of Devaswoms ;
<6) Letter R. O. C. No. 1320123, dated the 7th March 1925
from Mr. Raja Raja Varma containing his reply to the above reference;
(7) Minutes of the conference held by Mr. R. Krishna Pillai,
the late Devaswom Commissioner in 1101 with the Assistant Commis¬
sioners re : the sub-grouping;
(8) Revised sub-group statements received from the Assistant
Commissioners on the lines indicated in the above conference ;
(9) Minutes of the conference held on 18th Kanni 1105 by the
present Devaswom Commissioner and the Assistant Commissioners;
(10) Letter dated 20th September 1929 to the Account Officer
calling for his views on the proposed sub-group scheme ;
(11) Letter No. Dev. 23, dated 10th October 1929 from the
Account Officer containing his views on the subject;
(12) Letter R. O. C. No. 10247/29, dated 24th October 1929 to
the Account Officer-
Order thereon. No. Dis. 1130/Mis., dated Trivandrum,
4th January 1930.
The operations of the Devaswom Department are supervised by 18
Group Superintendents and the subordinates under them. Of these
subordinates, 7 are Resident Managers, 2 in the First Grade on
Rs. 50-5/2-60 in charge of Suchindram and Vaikom Devaswoms, and
the other 5 in the second grade on Rs. 35-512-50 in charge of Cape
Comorin, Thiruvattar, Haripad, Ambalapuzha and Ettumanur Deva¬
swoms. All these Managers are paid out of State Funds. All the rest
of the establishment in the several Devaswoms are paid out of the Deva¬
swom Fund. Pensionary contribution on account of these employees is
also paid to Government out of the Devaswom Fund.
The Major Devaswoms excepting those mentioned in the above
• 'T'. -pifa-are in charge of Srikariakars with Accountants and Storekeepers
under them. In the case of Major Devaswoms whose Pathivus were
revised in very recent years, the Srikariakars are given Rs. 15 or more,
the Accountants Rs. 12 and the Storekeepers Rs. 10. In the case of
Devaswqfns revised previously, the pay of the Srikariakars is sometimes
 53

only Rs. 10 or Rs 12 and tine Storekeepers are allowed in some cases

only Rs. 7. In the case of unrevised Major Devaswoms which exceed
the number of revised ones, and in the case of all Minor Devaswoms,
the Srikariakars and Accountants and S tore keepers get salaries ranging
from 2£ Chs. to Rs. 8-14-8. Some of these employees get only allow¬
ances of cooked-rice which when commuted at 4 chs. per edangali of
rice, works out from Re. 1-2-0 to Rs. 9-18-0 per mensem. There are
now in all the Devaswoms put together inclusive of the revised ones
31 men getting under Re. 1,112 men getting between Re. 1 and Rs. 2,
149 men getting between Rs. 2 and Rs. 3, and 142 men between Rs. 3
and Rs. 5 and only 1 79 men get over Rs. 5. It is men getting such
pittance that manage the affairs of most of the Devaswoms and control
the expenditure on them. It need hardly be said that the management
of the Devaswoms by such men cannot be satisfactory. It may also be
mentioned that in some cases there are two and sometimes even three
men on these low rates of pay, where all the work could be easily done
by one man. As matters stand at present, therefore, there is a super¬
fluity of men on impossible rates of pay with no inducement whatever to
do good and honest work. The Group Superintendents with close
jurisdiction extending over tw° or even three taluks cannot possibly
exercise the very close supervision that this ill-paid staff needs. The
remedy for such an undesirable state of affairs lies only in replacing this
large army of ill-paid servants with only the necessary number of
decently paid men who could be anxious to retain their appointment
and can be therefore expected to do honest work.
3- The need for such a reorganisation of the staff was felt ever
since the creation of the new Devaswom Department in I 098 m. e.
Mr. Raja Raja Varma, the first Devaswom Commissioner, submitted to
Government with his R, O. C. No. 1320 of 1923 dated 28th June
1924 a scheme for dividing each group into sub-groups of limited extent.
According to the scheme, the sub-groups with Major Devaswoms in
them will be under Srikariakars on three scales of pay Rs. 1 5, Rs. 20
and Rs. 30, the number in the two highest scales being very limited.
In the other sub-groups, the man in charge will be called a Chandira-
karan and his pay will be Rs. 12. The scheme as outlined by Mr.
Raja Raja Varma provided for the strength of the establishment being
reduced from 595 to 284 and the cost being increased from Rs. 30,676
to Rs. 47,700 per annum. The question as to howto deal with the
surplus men was under correspondence with the Government and the_
papers were in that state transferred by Government to the DevasjvrtffJJ*
’ Commissioner. ~ t
4. The late Commissioner Mr. Krishna Pillai had the matter re¬
opened in a conference with the Assistant Commissioners and gave
Instructions for revising the sub-group statements. ^"

.. ,
 54

5. The revised sub-group statements received from the Assistant

Commissioners have now been carefully scrutinised. Instead of having
a number of Devaswoms under the Srikariakaran of a Major Devaswom
assisted by Accountants and giving them divided responsibility, it is
considered best to include in the Major Devaswom sub-group only the
Minor and Petty Devaswoms, if any, in the immediate vicinity of the
Major Devaswom, allow for the sub-group only the staff absolutely
necessary for it, and to have separate sub-groups under the charge of
Chandirakarans for the Minor and Petty Devaswoms farther away. By
this arrangement there will be individual responsibility and all the
Devaswoms will be better looked after. This aspect was given due
consideration and necessary modifications were made in the sub-group
statements received from the Assistant Commissioners. The sub¬
grouping of the Devaswoms as shown in the statements as thus finally
revised is sanctioned. The four statements (Statements I to IV)* for
the four different districts are appended to this order. The statements
show also the present establishment in the Devaswoms in the sub-groups
and the proposed establishment for the sub-groups. At the commence¬
ment of each statement is an abstract showing number of sub-groups in
each group of the district, the present establishment and the proposed
establishment with details of cost. It will be seen from the statements
that there is not more than one Major Devaswom in any sub-group, and
that Minor and Petty Devaswoms a little removed from the Major
Devaswom go under a separated sub-group. All the Major Devaswom
sub-groups will be in charge of Srikariakars and, except for special
reasons, it is only in the case of Devaswom spending over Rs. 5,000
that the Srikariakaran will have a Storekeeper to assist him. In very
large Devaswoms, of course, there will be one or more Accountants
also under the Srikariakar but in no case have more men been allowed
now than what have been provided for in the revised pathivus in the case
of Devaswoms with pathivus revised. The sub-groups where there are
only Minor and Petty Devaswoms will be under a Chandirakaran,
There will be 1 29 sub-groups with Srikariakars in charge and 111 sub¬
groups in charge of Chandirakarans or 240 sub-groups in all excluding
the 7 sub-groups in charge of Resident Managers.
6. As regards the pay of Srikariakars, Chandirakars, Accountants and
Storekeepers, it is very necessary for administrative convenience to have
them all on uniform scales of pay. The Srikariakars will be in three
grades, Rs. 15-1/2-20, Rs. 20-1-25 and Rs. 25-1-30. There will be
only 2 in the highest grade, 6 in the intermediate grade, and all the re3t
121 in number will be in the las! grade, excluding the Srikariakaran in
charge of UdayanapWam Devaswom included in Vaikom Sub-group.
A scale of pay of Rs- 15-1/2-20 is not too much for a mam in respon¬
sible charge of a Major Devaswom with an expenditure of several
 55

thousands of rupees. The Chandirakarans will receive Rs. 10-1/2-15.

The Storekeepers and Accountants will also have the same scale of pay as
the Chandirakarans, except that in a very large Devaswom where
there are more than one Accountant, some will have the scale of pay of
Srikariakars.
According to the scheme now sanctioned, there will be 5 men on
Rs. 25-1-30 including two Treasurers and one Head Account 12 men
on Rs. 20-1-25, 129 men on Rs, 15-1/2-20 and 192 men on
Rs. 10-1|2-15 or 338 men in all agams'. the present strength
of 613 persons. The average annual cost of the establishment
according to the new scheme will be (vide statement V appended)
Rs. 62,558 against the present cost of Rs. 33,185 or Rs. 24,373
in excess. But the expenditure will not be anything like
Rs. 62,558 for several years to come. The annual cost
based on the minimum of the several scales proposed in the new scheme
will be only Rs. 50,964 or only Rs. 12,779 in excess of the present
cost. Statement VI appended shows the present establishment and
their rates of pay as compared with what is now sanctioned.
As stated in the last para, there will be according to the new
scheme 338 posts against 613 as now. It has to be decided as to
which of the men should be sent away and who should be retained.
Careful consideration was given to the question with a view to minimising
as much as possible the hardship that may be caused to the men that
will be thrown out. For the 613 posts now existing, there are only 529
hands now. The remaining 84 posts are either vacant or are not
permanently filled up. There fore the number of men to be thrown out
will be 529—338=191. The service of persons as detailed below
will he terminated.
(1 ) Kalavaras in unrevised Devaswoms most of
whom are in receipt of rice allowanc only 28
(2) Other hands in unrevised Devaswoms who are
absolutely unfit to hold places in the new scheme 44
<3) Men in unrevised Devaswoms over 50 years old
and with over 25 years of service 32
(4) Men in unrevised Devaswoms less than 5 0 years
old but with over 25 years of serviee -23
(5) Men appointed only after 1098 m. e, and with
no special claims for consideration 25
(6) Men in revised Devaswoms over 52 years old
and with more than 25 years of service 11

Total. 163
 56

There will then be 366 left, but as 8 men have for special reasons
to be provided for in the new scheme, the number unprovided for in the
new scheme, but not to be thrown over will be 36. These 36 men are
either over 50 years old or have put in service of over 23 years. They
will be kept as Reserve on their present pay to be available for work in
acting vacancies and during Ulsavams in the larger Devasworns in the
transition stage from the old order to the new, and will be borne on the
establishment until they are absorbed or sent away.
The question of granting concession to the men to be retired may
be considered. No concession whatever is necessary in the case of
men coming under items, 3, 4 and 6 in the above para as they all have
25 years of service or more. They will be paid from the State Revenues
the pension to which they are entitled. In the case ol the employees
coming under the other items they may be allowed to add 1/6 to the
pensionable service put in by them at the time they are retired, as has
been allowed in the case of men disbanded from the Survey and
Settlement Departments. Out of these employees, those with less than
1 0 years of service will he given gratuity due to them and those with
not less than 10 years of service will be entitled to pension, ft will not
be justifiable to make a demand on the General Revenues for all the
pension payable to these men retired before their time, and it is
undesirable also to have a Devaswom Fund pension list, as the present
arrangement in the case of the Fund establishment is to pay pensionary
contribution to the General Revenues out of the Devaswom Fund so
that their pension may be drawn from the General Revenues. Government
therefore sanction the commutation into a lump sum payment of the
pension due to these employees as per Appendix I of the Travancore
Service Regulations. The gratuity payable to the employees with less
than 10 years of service and the commuted pension for those with more
service will be paid wholly out of Devaswom Fund getting a refund to
the Fund from the General Revenues of the pensionary contribution
thus far paid on account of these employees.
The new scheme will be brought into force from the
1st Makaram 1105.
(By Order)
K. George,
Chief Secretary to Government-

The Assistant Commissioners of Devasworns,

The Account Officer,
The Gazette,
The Press Room.
 57

C. O. R. Dis. No. 981/30/Rev. dated 19-9-1930.

Designation of Assistant Kariakar Perumanam changed to that of
Manager Extra territorial lands in the Cochin State.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 9664/29/P. D., dated

the 22nd February 1930, I have the honour to inform you, that in the
circumstances stated. Government sanciion the designation of “Assistant
Kariyakar ” of the perumanam Devaswom being changed to “ Manager
of the Extra territorial lands in the Cochin State ” and Parur being
fixed as his Head quarters,
2. Sanction is also accorded to the manager and his peon being
relieved from the control of the Perumanam Special Officer and placed
under the Superintendent of Devaswoms, Alwaye Group.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 103131/Rev. dated 26-1-31.

Sanctioning Assistant Accountant in the Suchindram Assistant
Commissioner’s Office.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 10769/27/Acc., dated
the 20th September 1930, I have the honour to inform you that in the
circumstances, Government sanction the appointment of an Assistant
Accountant on a pay of Rs. 25 per mensem in the Assistant Devaswom
Commissioner’s Office, Suchindram, temporarily till the end of 1106,
the fund required for the purpose for the current year, being met by
reappropriation from the savings of Rs. 200 available under item “24-A
1. Commissioners—salaries of Personal Assistant to the Devaswom
Commissioner ’’ in the Budget for the current year.
I am further to inform you that the question of the continuance of
the Assistant Accountant *hereafter in the permanent staff and the scale
of pay to be given to him should be rei meed to Government at the end
of the year at the time of the Budget for 1107.

G. O. R, Dis. No. 921/31/Rev. dated the 4th July 1931.

Assistant Accountant in the Suchindram Assistant Commissioner’s
Office - continuance of.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. I0769/27iAcc., dated
the 28th May 1931, I have the honour to inform you that in the
circumstances. Government sanction the continuance of the Assistant
Accountant on a pay of Rs. 25 per mensem in the Assistant Commis¬
sioner’s Office, Suchindram, during I 107, as also the sum of Rs. (275j
two hundred and seventy five required for 11 months in 110/ being
provided in the Devaswom Budget for the next year.
 58

Government Notification R. 0. C. No. 5666/3i /Rev., dated the

27th November 1931 vesting the Administration of the Devaswom
Department in the Dewan.
By command of His Highness the Maharaja, it is hereby-
notified :—
That His Highness has been pleased to command that notification
R. O. C, No. 1 7171251G. B. dated the (6th July 1925, relieving the
Dewan of his duties and responsibilities in connection with the Ad¬
ministration of the Devaswoms within the territorial limits of Travan-
core and coming within the Purview of the Devaswom Proclamation
dated 30th Mesnam 1097/12th April 1922 and vesting the Adminis¬
tration of the said Devaswoms in an officer of the State styled the
Devaswom Commissioner be cancelled and that the Devaswom Depart¬
ment be hereafter administered by the Dewan like other Departments
of the Government with the Devaswom Commissioner under him as the
Head of the Department.

G. O. Dis. No. 99|32/Dev„ dated the 4th April 1932.

Designation ol Clerk Accountant changed to Head Clerk.
\7iih reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 138|28[Acc., dated
the 22s:d!23rd January 1932, 1 have the honour to inform you that, in
the circumstances reported. Government sanction the designation of the
“ Clerk-Accountant ” in the Devaswom Group Superintendent's Office
being changes into “ Head clerk

G. O, R. O. C. No. 63 5/32 (Dev., dated the 30th June 1932.

Proceedings of the Government of His Highness
the Maha Raja of Travancore.
Read :—
‘ (D Letter R- O. C. No. 43/1107, dated the 10th May 1932 from
the President, Retrenchment Committee forwarding the proposals of the
committee for reduction of expenditure under “ Devaswoms and State
Charities ” controlled by tbe Devaswom Commissioner.
(2) Letter C. No. 635/32/Devaswoms, dated the 20th May 1932
to the Devaswom Commissioner calling for his remarks on the above
proposals.
(3. Letter R. O. C. No. 10466/31, dated the 27th May 1932
from tbe Devaswom Commissioner forwarding his report on the pro¬
posals of the Committee.
Order R. O. C. No. 63i|32/Dev., dated Trivandrum, 30th June
1932. . ..
 59

The Government have carefully considered the proposals of the

Retrenchment Committee and the Devaswom Commissioner’s report
thereon, and they are pleased to pass the following orders on the
Committee’s proposals.
I. Controlling Agencies. There are now two posts, a Personal
Assistant to the Devaswom Commissioner on Rs. i 75 and an Office
Superintendent on As. 125 in the Devaswom Commissioner’s Office.
The Committee recommend that the two posts may bo abolished anJ
the post of an Oir.ce Manager on a pay of Rs. 150 per mensem created
instead. The Devaswom Commissioner is of opinion that a Personal
Assistant on the existing pay and a Head Clerk on Rs. 75 to 100 in
lieu of the Office Superintendent on Rs. 125 may be allowed abolish¬
ing the post of a 2nd Grade Superintendent Government consider
that it is quite practicable to adopt the Committee’s proposal and the
same is accordingly sanctioned. The Government also accept the pro¬
posal of the Committee in regard to the abolition of the post of one of
the two mcchies in the Devaswom Commissioner's OiSce.

II. District Officers. The Committee have recommended that

one of the four Assistant Commissioners may be abolished and that the
jurisdiction of the existing four Districts may be rearranged and distri¬
buted into 3 Districts with Head Quarters at Suchindram, Quilon and
Vaikom with a corresponding reduction in Office siaff'also. The Com¬
missioner is of opinion that the proposal cannot be given effect to with¬
out serious handicap to the practical working of the Department and
without detriment to efficiency of supervision. Government agree with
the Commissioner that it is not desirable to reduce the number of Dis¬
tricts, as already the District is too unwieldy for efficient supervision by
one Officer and they therefore order that the present four Districts may
be left alone.
III. S upervising Officers. The Committee recommend the amal¬
gamation of Thiruvalla and Aranmula Groups into a single Group with
Headquarters' at Chengar.nur and of the Ettumanoor and fhiru-
varppu Groups into a single Group with Headquarters at Kottayam, the
Devaswoms in the Changanacherry Taluk also tacked on to this Group.
The Commissioner has accepted this proposal provisionally but sug¬
gests that three clerks instead of the normal strength of two clerks may¬
be allowed for each Group, the remaining two clerks that become
available with the proposed amalgamation being assigned one each to
the Valiachala and Nagercoil Groups respectively. Government accept
the proposals of the Committee. One additional Clerk on Rs. 20-1-25
will be given for each of the combined Groups,j the remaining two
clerks’ places, and the peons being abolished.
 60

(2) The Committee have also suggested the abolition of the

Vettikavala Group, the existing jurisdiction of that Group being re¬
distributed between the Quilon and Shencotta Groups. The Com¬
missioner reports 'hat the Committee’s proposal cannot be given effect
to. He is however requested to re; >rt whether the Bhuthapandy Group
which is a small Group with limited jurisdiction may not be abolished
and tacked on to the Nagercoil Group, especially as there are resident
managers for the two most important Devaswoms in the latter Group
and as there is facility of communication throughout the two groups.
IV. Grants to Private DeoasWotns. The Committee have raised
the question whether the grant of Rs, 54,000 under 24 B—Devaswoms
which relates prima dly to the VazHvadus conducted on behalf of the
tr embers of the Ruling Family may not be debited to'Palace. Gov¬
ernment think that the existing arrangement need not be disturbed.
V. Stale Charities. (1) Pokhwarathukars. The Committee are
of opinion that the grant of Rc. \ 5,000 under the above item is capable
of reduction. 1 his question is reserved for fuller consideration.
(2) Koppukors■ The Committee recommend that the existing
list of Koppukars for whom a grant of Rs. 6,5C3 is provided be care¬
fully scrutinised in view of a possible reduction of the grant. The
Devaswom Commissioner is requested to carefully scrutinise the list and
suggest passible reductions of the grant.
(3) Japadakshina. The Committee consider that this expen¬
diture is capable of being considerably ireduced. The Commissioner
say. that the expenditure under this item includes Homas, Easwarasevas
and such other ceremonies conducted in Kottarams, Temples, etc., on
behalf of the Sovereign. In the circumstances Government direct that
the matter may be left alone.
VI. Benares Satrom. The Committee recommend that the
Benares Satrom may be closed. The Devaswom Commissioner points
out that this is one of the charities instituted by Government a long time
ago and that the expenditure is not incurred entirely on feeding but also
cn Abishekam, Archana and Nivedyam in the temples at Benares a l i
Gaya. Orders on the proposal will issue separately.
VII. Daily meals. The Committee recommed that the provisio i
of Rs. 2,500 under 25 B—State Charities for Daily Meals be deleted.
The Dewaswom Commissioner agrees to a reduction of the grant for
1 108 to Rs. 2,000 and says that further reduction may be considered
every year. The Government consider that no useful purpose is served
by the provision and they therefore accept the Committee’s recommend¬
ations and direct the deletion of the entire allotment.
 61

The above arrangements will tase eifeci from I-i 2-1:0>

G C D ^ Wo 313 . - " 2 . a !932

Headquarters of me '-ei.-ion-eu croups.
Wi- reffer.ee . ^ 1 l C 1 1 o 1'Acc.,
da’ed the 6tn in? l9’? - u - Mat, m the
chcn ance «sle 1 Cl' fi ''T>« " _ o p j ce of tbe
combined Groups of Ettumaaur cot • niruvar^pu and Aranmula cum
Thiruvdla being neld as nvluvnanur anu ...niuvwia it-specuvciy instead
of Kottayam and Uieaganmir.
In the circumstances stared bv you Covernmcat also consider that
the Devaswoms in the Chansanacherry faluS need not ae vransferred at
present from Aranmula cum Thituvalla vj.oup to ip.mmanui cum
Thiruvarpu Group and they therefore oraei according!’/.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 331 i32'Dev. dated the 26;;-: julv 1932.

Assistant Accountant in the suchindram Assistant Commissioners oiSce.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. !l,'o9/^j7/Acc.,
dated the 31 st May 1932, I have the honor to inform you that G overn-
ment sanction the post of the Assistant Accountant on res. 2.5-1/-s-40,
temporarily sanctioned in the Assistant Devaswom Commissioner's
Officce, Suchindram, being made permanent.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 528|32fDev- dated the 1st October 1932.

Assistant Treasurer in the Vaikom Devaswom —Appointment of.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 4767(25/Acc.,
rated the 9th August 1232, I have the honour to inform you that, in the
circumstances stated, Government sanction the appointment of an
Assistant Treasurer on a pay of Rs. 15-1J2-2Q per mensem with a
cash security of Rs- 300 in the Vaikom Devaswom to be in exclusive
charge of Bharanipatharams, the duties now devolving on the Treasurer
being dis ributed between the Treasurer and the Assistant Treasurer a
detailed in the statement forwarded therewith.
 62

2. It is noted that, the additional cost involved will be met from

the Dewaswoai Fund.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 65I/32[Dev., dated the 29th November 1932.

Local allowance to manager, Devaswom Commissioner’s office.
'uhth reference to the correspondence ending with your letter
ROC l! n 75 7 Arc, dated the 8th November 1932 re:
grant of allowance of Rs. 23 per mensem to the Manager, Devaswom
Commissioner s Office, i have the honor to inform you that, as recom¬
mended, Government sanction the local allowance of Rs. (25)
twentvhve oer mensem, formerly^drawn by the Office Superintendent,
Devaswom Commissioner’s Office from the Personal Deposit Funds,
being erven to the Manager of the Devaswom Commissioner’s Office
from 1-!/.-! 107.

G. O. Dis. Mo. 666.33IDev. dated 10th October 1933.

Revival ot the Hoad Clerk’s post in the Commissioners Office.
With reference to.the correspondence ending with your letter
R. O. C. No. d3.77.'33IAcc., dated 18-7-’33, I have the honor to
inform you that, its the circumstances stated. Government sanction the
revival of the Head Clerk’s place on Rs. 75-511 -100 in your Office and
the afclolition of a Clerk's place on Rs. 40-70, with effect from the 1st
Thulam ! 109. _
G. O R. O. C. No. !009/32|Dev„ dated 2!st May 1934.
Appointment of Additional Thiruvabhafanam Special Officers.
_With reference to your letter R. O. C. No.. 7458/30/Acc„ dated
the 22nd March 1934, re the verification of Thiruvabharanams etc., I
have the honour to inform you that, in the circumstances stated, Govern¬
ment sanction the following recommendations made by you for the ex¬
peditious verification of the jewels and vessels belonging to the Deva-
swoms with the modification that the expenditure on account of the same
should be met from the Devaswom Fund as is done in the case of the
existing Special Officer and his staff and not form the General
Revenues: —
ill The existing Special Officer and his staff to continue the
verification work in the 1st class Major Devaswoms and to be under the
Assistant Commissioner in whose jurisdiction the Devaswom taken up
for verification is situated ;
(ii; A second grade Superintendent of Devaswoms to be appo¬
inted for one year on special duty (with the usual deputation allowance)
for each of the four Devaswom Districts for verification work in the
other Devaswoms with the same powers, duties and responsibilities as
 63
the present Special Officer under she Assistant Commissioners of the
respective Districts ; and
'iii) Each of the new Special Officers to have a staff consisting
of a clerk on Rs. (20) twenty, a goldsmith on Ks. (70) tweny and a
peon on Rs. (9) nine.
2. I request that you will be so good as to subim. 10 Government
for sanction the names of four experienced and capable 2r.d grade
Superintendents for special duty for the verification of Thiruvabharanams,
and also the names of persons to be appointed as 2nd grade Superinten¬
dents in the above vacancies.

G. O. Dis, No. !9/35/Dev., dated 8-1-35.

Fund employees to be treated as ministerial officers.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. ! 2/03/33, dated the
30th July 1934. re me classification of certain omcers of vour department
I have the honour to torwavo herewith copy of note No. Dev. 8 dated
22-9-1934, from me -recount Officer on the suoieci and to inform you
that Government accept his view that the post of the iVaanaser, Extra¬
territorial lands aione mav be treated as executive ant. all the remaining
posts specified in the list forwarded bv you as ministerial.

{Enclosure).
(1) Letter R.O.C. No. 12703133 dated 30-7-34
to thcjChief Secretary to Government from the Devaswom Commissioner.
I have the honour to state that for the calculation of the amount of
pensionary contribution that has to be remitted from the Devaswom
Fund to the General Revenues on behalf of the members of the Deva¬
swom Fund Establishment, it has to be decided whether the appointment
in the above establishment should be considered as ministerial or
executive. In his letters No. Dev. 12/514, dated the 8th September
1933 to the Assistant Commissioner, Ambalapuzha and No. Dev. 116,
dated April 1934 to this office {Vide copies enclosed! the Account
Officer has stated that for purposes of calculatma pensionary contribu¬
tion, Srikariams, Chandirams, Storekeepers and Accountants have been
classified as Ministerial officers since they belong io the subordinate
ranks of the service and that if any change in she present classical: on
is considered necessary Government may be moved m the matter
A statement showing the existing appointments borne on the Deva¬
swom Fund establishment is enclosed here with. As per the dehn^ion
given in Art. 28 of the T.S.R. and judged by the nature of fh« work
that they have to do 1 am of opinion that Srikariams, Chandirams nnc|
Manager, Extra-territorial lands have to be treated as executive officer*
and the rest as ministerial officers, i request that Government may be
pleased to sanction their classification accordingly.
 64

2) List of appointments borne on the Dtvasulom Fund

Establishment
Scale.
1. 25-1-30
2.
3.
4.
5. 20-1-25
6. Do.
Do-
8. Do.
15-112-20
10. Do.
11. Do.
12. 10-112-15
13. S:ciJE'=.
14.
13- F la _gc , Ev.c-teiriiorial lands
16. Peon
17. Pathivu Revision Clerk, Devasworn
Commissioner s Office 20

G. O. R. O. C. No. 630135'! (General, dated 16th April 1935.

Standardisation of Salaries.
Proceedings of she Government of His Highness The Maharaja
of Travancore.
Read :—
1. Ths under mentioned G. Os. on the report of the Salaries

2. The report of the Retrenchment Committee dated the 12th

DecemDer i932.
Read again : —
G C i No. 1046 dated the 12th June 1934 declaring that appoint-
i t _> d Id 11 u9 hould be proprovisional
and sub . ct to revision according the scheme of standardisation.
In 193; Govei'tmjsai appointed a committee of officials and non-
officials to iii.v :st:ga;c iris means of retrenchment both permanent and
temporary in . ic expenditure of the State, and after an examination of
all possible eo .".s with a view to establising the financial position to
nidations for reducing the expenditure with due regard to
 65

the needs of efficient administration. After long and careful investi¬

gation, the Committee reported in 1932 that the desired end of bringing
about a permanent reduction in the cost of establishment can be achieved
by a suitable revision and readjustment of tne existing scams of pay. It
was also pointed out that the existing scales of pay consis ed of a very
large number of varying and overlapping scales and that as a consequence
officers with more or less simdar qualifications serving in different
departments had unequal chances of promotion, ftoposais were accord¬
ingly made for a readjustment of t e c o nailer number
of uniformly graded scales.

Order Thereon R,OCho 6 r> i i

dated, Trivandrum. !(. !,• April t veo.
1. The Government consider that standardisation of (he salaries in
the several departments is necessary and tney accordingly sanction the
scales of pay of all sanctioned appointin'is ho r’zct ed and non-
gazetfed in the several departments being revised.
2. Separate orders regarding tire revision of salaries m each depart¬
ment showing the existing and the revised scales of pay will be
issued.
The revised scales of pay shall come into force with effect from
the 1 st Edavom 11 i 0.
4. Where the scale of pay of any appointment is reduced those who
were holding the appointment permanently or S. P. T. or on probation
on 32nd Edavom 1 109 may continue to draw the present scale of pay.
5. Where an officer holding a post on the existing scale of pay is
appo’nted to a post on the new scale, his initial pay in the new scale
shall be regulated as follows. If the minimum of the new scale is less
than the substantive pay he is receiving at the time, he will enter the
new scale at the stage next a'ccve his substantive pay.
6. Thosewhoareinrecei.pt of personal allowance shall in cases
wherg the scale of pay is altered, draw such amounts as personal
allowances, in addition to the revised scale of pay as would make their
salary equal to what they are at present receiving.
7. Local allowances attached to appointments shall continue to be
paid as at present, even when the scales of pay are revised, except
where otherwise specially ordered.
8. Where the scales of pay of different grades of the same class of
appointments are revised or the number of appointments in the different
grades is altered, the appointments and nomination to the several grades
shall be made in strict conformity with the existing order of seniority.
9. All acting appointments shall be made only on the revised scales
of pay from the date on which the revision comes into effect provided
 66

that in the case of all persons, whether graduates or not, now acting in
higher grades, {I) those with substantive appointments who have been
acting in a permanent vacancy lor not less than one year (2) those with
substantive appointments who have been continuously acting in higher
grades and have earned one or more increments in the officiating scale
(3) those without substantive appointments who have been acting in
permanent vacancies for not less than one year, will continue to act in
the old scales and will if the acting service is not interrupted, be
confirmed in such old scales. Officers to whom it is advantageous to
retain the old scale up to a certain stage before coming into the new scale
or to continue to remain completely under the old scale shall be permitted
to do so.
10. The ministerial posts have been divided into six grades. The
lowest grade is in the scale of Rs. 20-1/2-25 and the next grade is
Rs. 25-3i 40. Graduates wishing to enter the clerical service will,
as far as possible, be recruited to the latter grade. Non-graduates in
the lower grade may, however, be promoted to the Rs. 25-40 grade in
the order of seniority and in the proportion of one to every three gradu¬
ates recruited. Promotion to the next higher grade of Rs. 40-70 shall
be given only to those who have passed the Account Test, the proper io i
between graduates and non-graduates being maintained as before. Pro¬
motion to the next higher grade of Rs- 75-100 shall ordinarily be made
in the order of seniority, the proportion of 1 : 3 between non-graduates
and graduates being maintained in the total strength of the staff in that
grade. The recruitment and promotion to the next higher grade,
Rs,'100-1 25, shall be confined exclusively to graduates.
Heads of Departments may with the sanction of Government recruit
directly any candidate with special academic distinction to any of the
scales mentioned above provided the proportion of such recruitments
does not exceed 10 per cent of the number of vacancies in that scale in
any year.
11. For purposes of promotions the entire ministerial establish nenl
of each department shall be treated as one unit and promotion, shall
ordinarily be made in strict conformity with seniority and other qualifi¬
cations.
12. No acting arrangement shall be made in any Office or depart¬
ment till the head of the department or other icompetent authority passes
final orders on leave applications and no acting arrangements sanctioned
should be given retrospective effect. No acting arrangements should be
made in short vacancies of two weeks or less. In the case of the
Account Department and the Anchal Department, however, such actin ’
arrangements, may be made if deemed essential in public interests.
13 The Head of each Department will forward to the Account
Officer statements of_gazetted appointments in his department showing
 67

the scales of pay as now revised, with the names of the Officers holding
such posts who continue to draw the old scales of pay, for verification.
The Account Officer shall after verification forward the statements for
the approval of Government.
14, As regards non-gazetted establishments also statements relating
to each officer will similarly be prepared and sent to the Account
Officer for verification and necessary action.
15. Any omission or discrepancy in the statements of the present
scale of establishments now brought under revision may be brought to
the notice of the Government immediately through the Account Officer.
Similarly all questions regarding the application of the above principles
to fix the amountlof salary which any Officer is entitled to under the
rules shall also be referred to Government through the Financial
Secretary.
By order.
N. KUNJAN P1LLA1,
Chief Secretary to Government.
To
The Financial Secretary to Government.
The Account Officer.
The Press Room.
The Gazette.
All Heads of Departments.

G. O. R.O. c. No. 680!35-19,Gerl. dated 16th April 1935,

Standardisation of pay of officers of the Devaswom'Department.

Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maha Raja of

Travancore.
Read :
1. G. O. D. Dis. NoT278l22/G. B. of 11II3th July 1922.
2. Report ofthe Retrenchment Committee dated the 1 2th Decem¬
ber 1932,
3. Letter No. R.O. C. 4916/33, dated 14th December 1933 from
the Devaswom 'Con missioner to the Financial Secretary to
Government.
4. G.iO. FI. 1046 dated the 12th June 11934 declaring that ap¬
pointments and promotions made after'32nd Idavam 1109
should be provisional only.;
5. G. O. R. O. C. No. 660/35-2/General, dated Trivandrum 16th
April 1935 're', standardisation of salaries in the Land
Revenue and Income Tax Departments.
 68

Order thereon R. O. C. No. 680/35-19|General, Dated, 16th

April 1935 Trivandrum.
hi conformity with the orders in G. O. R. O.C. No. 680/35-2
General, dated Trivandrum 16:h April 1935 the Government are
pleased to sanction the revision ol the pay of the Officers and staff of the
Devaswom Department as detailed below : —
24-A-- Devaswoms—Controlling Agencies.
Desaneom Ccrcmissiom! : —Government agree with the Retrench¬
ment Committee in the view that the Devaswom Commissioner should
have the same scale of pay as the Excise Commissioner. They accord¬
ingly sanction the scale of pay of the Devaswom Commissioner being
revised and fixed a; Rs. 500-50 2—700.
Office Manager The Retrenchment Committee proposed no
change in the pay of the Office Manager. Government sanction the
pay of the Manager being revised and fixed at Rs. 100-1012-150 in
order to facilitate recruitment to the post either from the clerical or

Government sanction the scales of pay the Office staff being

revised and fixed as stated below :—
Rs.
1 Head Clerk 75-5/2-100
1 Head Accountant 75-5/2-100
1 Head Rayasam 40-2-70
2 Assistant Rayasams 20-1/2-25
 .69
Rs.
1 Accountant 40-2-70
I Paditharam Examiner 40-2-70
1 Thiruvabharanam Examim 25-3/2-40
1 Estimator and Draftsman 25-3/2-40
1 Clerk 40-2-70
1 Clerk (P. D.) 40-2-70
4 Clerks 25-3/2 40
4 Clerks 20-1/2-25
1 Paihivu Revision Clerk
I Typist 25-3/2-40
1 Clerk-typist
1 Mochi 11 115-
1 Duffadar 11-1/5-
8 Peons -1/6-1
2. District Officers.
Assistant Commissioners :—There are at present 4 Assistant Com¬
missioners all in the scale ol Rs. 200-2512-250. The Retrenchment
Committee proposed no change while the Devaswom Commissioner
urged the necessity io raise the pay o[ one of the posts. Government
do not agree with the Commissioner and sanction the scale of pay of
each of the four Officers being fixed at Rs. 200-1 0/2-250, reducing the
scale of increment for securing uniformity.
Assistant Commissioner's Offices.
The Retrenchment Committee proposed the following scales of pay
for the staff of the District Offices : -
Rs.
4 Managers 40-5/2-60
4 Head Accountants 35-1-40
8 Assistant Accountants 25-212-35
4 Clerks 25-2/2-35
4 Clerks 20-1-25
4 Aminadars 25 2/2-35
4 Camp Clerks 20-1-25
4 Registering and Despatching Clerks 20-1-25
4 Moehees 12-1/5-14
16 Peons 9-1 /6-11
Government sanction the scales of pay of the Office staff being
revised and fixed as shown below :—
Rs.
4 Managers 40-2-70
4 Head Accountants 25-3/2-40
 70

Rs.
9 Assistant Accountants 25-312-40
3 Clerks 25-3/2-40
13 Clerks 20-112-25
4 Aminadar s . 20-112-25
4 Mochees 11-115-13
16 Peons 9-1/6-li

The Devaswom Commissioner will forward for the approval of

Government district-war distrihut.on statement of the above staff.
3. Supervising Officers.
Deoaswom Group Superintendents.—There are at present 16
Superintendents, 5 on a pay of Rs. 125 and 11 on Rs. 75-5-100. The
Retrenchment Committee proposed to revise the scales as Rs. 100-5-1 25
and Rs. 60-5-90. Government sanction the Superintendents to be put
in two grades of Rs. 100-512-125 and Rs. 75-5/2-1 00, and to place
4 of them in the first-grade and 12 in the second grade.
Group Office.—The Office staff of each of the 1 j Group Offices
will hereafter consi st of :
Rs.
I Clerk Accountant 20-112-25
1 Clerk ... 20-112-25
1 Peon ... 9-1/6-11
Each of the group Offices at Thiruveila and Ettumanoor will how¬
ever be given an additional Clerk on Rs- 20-112-25. ;
4. Devaswom Resident staff.
The Retrenchment Committee proposed a scale of pay of
Rs. 4C-5/2-60 for each of the 2 Devaswom Resident Managers and
a scale of Rs. 35-1-40 for each of (he remaining 5 Devaswom
Managers. Government sanction a scale of pay of Rs. 40-2-70 to the
Devaswcm Managers at Vaikom and Suchindram and a scale of pay
of Rs. 25-3/2-40 for each of the Devaswom Managers at Cape Comorin,
Thiruvattar, Ambalapuzha, Haripad and Ettumanoor.
24 B, Devaswoms Outside the State.
The staff of 1 Aminadar on Rs. 14 and 'J Accountant on Rs. 9£
will continue without any change.
24 C. (ii) Mofussit Oottupuras.
The existing staff of i 1 jBharippu 'and I Accountant on Rs. 12
each and of 3 Kalavarais on Rs. 7 each per mensem; are retained.
The pay of one Kaiavarai 'will'.be revised [and- fixed at, Rs. |_8"per
mensem.
 71

24 C. (iv) Japadakshina
The present staff of 1 Accountant on Rs. 12, one Accountant on
Rs. 8 and 1 Kalavarai on Rs. 7 per mensem will also be retained.
24 C. Devaswoms Benares Satrom.
The Government agree with the Retrenchment Committee in the
view that no change is necessary in the present pay of the staff of the
Benares Satrom. Accordingly the following staff will be retained with¬
out any change.
B. Rs.
1 Agent ... 45
1 Accountant ■ ■■ 9
2 Peons 8
i Kalavarai ... 7
The above revision of the staff of the Devaswom Department results
in an average saving of Rs. 4,308 per annum as pgr statement attached
and will take effect from the 1st Edavoni 1110.
The Devaswom Commissioner is requested to forward to the
Account Officer detailed proposals re the fixing of the revised scales of
pay of the Gazetted Officers in his Department. The Account Officer
will after verification forward the proposals to Government with his
remarks thereon. The Devaswom Commissioner will also submit to
Government the necessary proposition statements through the Account
Officer.
Separate orders will issue as regards the revision of salaries of the
temporary staff and of the establishments paid from contingencies as
also ol the Devaswom and other special fund establishments attached to
the Department.
(By order;
N. KUNJAN PILL A!,
Chief Secretary to Government.
To
The Financial Secretary to Government.
The Account Officer.
The Devaswom Commissioner,
The Press Room.
The Gazette.

G. O. Dis. No. 804/35IDev., dated the 5th September 1935.

Additional T. A. to Superintendents of combined Groups.
With reference to your letter R. O. C, No. 1 2014/33/Acc., dated
8th July 15 35, 1 have ihe honor to inform you that in the circumstances
stated, Government sanction the Superintendents of Devaswoms in
 72

charge of the Thiruvella cum Aranmula and Ettumanur cum Thiru-

varppu Groups being given an additional 50 per cent, of the P. T- A.
allowed to the Superintendents of other Groups.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 9601351 Dev. dated the 30th October 1935

Rearrangement of Sub Groups.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No 1226134 dated the
23rd August 1935, 1 have the honor to inform you that in the circum¬
stances stated, Government sanction the 67 existing sub groups therein
re!erred to being regrouped into 89 sub-groups and their staff rearranged
as detailed in the Pvdemorandum and statements I to II forwarded there¬
with, with the modification that the Accountant taken from Thiruvattar
Devaswom and given to Kanniakumari temple will retain the present
scale of Rs- i 5-1 /2-20, as it is not justifiable to reduce his scale to
Rs, 10-1/2-1 5 for enhancing the scale of the Head Accountant in that
temple from Rs. 15-1/2-20 to Rs. 20-112-25.
A copy each of the Memorandum and statements I to III received
from you is herewith returned with the modification above referred to
duly made in statements I and II.

G. O. No. FI. Stand. 1919 dated the 24th September .936

Standardisation of pay of Devaswom Fund employees.
With reference to your letters Nos. R. O. C, 4285135/Acc. dated
1 5th May 1935 and R. O. C. 7761/35, dated 16th October 1935 and
subsequent correspondence ending with your letter R. O C. No. 3505)
26|Acc. dated 25th May 1936, I have the honor to inform you that
Government have been pleased to sanction the scales of pay of the 17
pensionable posts borne in the Devaswom Fund Establishment men¬
tioned below, alone being revised and fixed at the standardised scale
of Rs. 20-1/2-25 with effect from 1st Mithunam 1110, the general
principles laid down in the standardisation scheme, governing the post¬
ings of the subordinates from 1st Mithunam 1110.
Rs.
2 Srikariams 25-1-30
6 Srikariams 20-1-25
1 Accountant 25-1-30
2 Accountants 20-1-25
2 Cashiers 25-1-30
3 Treasurers 20-1-25
1 Silpasari 20-1-25
2. 1 he instructions conveyed in G. O. R. O. C. No. 680/35 —
l/Gl. dated 16th April 1935 should be complied with and the nomi¬
nation lists and proposition statements for the revision forwarded to
Government in the Finance Department through the Account Officer,
G. O. Dis. No. 797|36|Dev., dated the 2nd December 1936.
Additional clerk in the Group offices and the Assistant Comis-
sioners’ offices.
With reference to the correspondence resting with your letter
R. O. C. No. 7112|341Accv dated the 29th July 1936, re the audit
of revenue and expenditure in Devaswoms, I have the honor to inform
you that, in the circumstances stated, Government sanction the following
additional staff to cope with the work as a tentative temporary measure
till the close of the current Malabar year, the allotment under 25 B
Devaswoms in the Budget for 1112 being increased to the extent
required for the additional staff for the rest of the year.
(1) One additional clerk on Rs. 25-3/2-40 for each of the four
Districts, abolishing the post of a clerk on Rs. 20-25 in the Suchindram
District.
(2) Duty allowance of Rs. 5 per mensem for one of the clerks on
Rs. 25-40 in each of the Districts in charge of the accounts.
(3' One additional clerk on Rs. 25-312-40 for each of the sixteen
Group offices abolishing the post of one clerk on Rs. 20-25 in each of
the four Minor ’"1 Groups where the work is stated by you to be not
heavy.

G. O. No, FI. 2373/Stand-, dated the 18thFebruary 1937. Revision of

Pay of the Extra-territorial manager.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 7761 |35/Acc., dated
the 6th January 1937 to the Chief Secretary to Government re revision
of the scale of pay of the post of manager, Extra-territorial lands, I have
the honor to inform you that Government sanction the existing fixed pay of
Rs. 25 of the post of manager being revised and fixed at Rs. 20-1/2-25
with effect from 1 st Mithunam 1110 as in the case of the permenant
pensionable establishment attached to the Devaswon Fund.
2. The instructions contained in Para 2 of G. O. No. Fl.'/Stand.l
1919, dated the 25th September 1936 will apply to the above appoint¬
ment also and the nomination 'list should therefore be forwarded to
Government in the Finance Department in the usual course through the
Account Officer. One copy of the proposition statements duly sanctioned
is herewith returued.

* Blioothapandy, Vetlitkavala, Shenpotta and Thrikariyur.

 74

CHAPTER II.

Office Procedure.
Petition Rules sanctioned by His Highness the Mahah Rajah
on 26th May 1887/14th Edavam 1062.
1. All complaints on Revenue matters should be preferred by(means
of written petitions and should be presented to the officer having power
to dispose of them in the first instance.
, Petitions which are not so presented, or which refer to matters
which the receiving officer is not competent to dispose of will not
ordinarily be taken notice of.5
2. All Revenue Officers should set [apart portions of certain days
(not less than 3) in each week for personal communication with ryots
having complaints to prefer and for the disposal of such complaints.
3. (a) If the petition should set forth matters admitting of immediate
disposal, the officer receiving it should di spose of it forth with, making
a note of his order ;
(b) If a reference to the records of the office is necessary for
the disposal of a petition it should as a rule, be disposed of within 3
days from the date of its receipt; and
. (c) If a reference to. a subordinate office is necessary for local
enquiry, it shall be despatched to such, office not later than the day
following that on which the petition is received, with clear instructions
to furnish the required information which should be specified. Great
care should be taken that no unnecessary references are made under
this rule.
4. The Officer to whom the petition is referred for enquiry under
clause (c) of rule 3 should, without avoidable delay, make the necessary
enquiry, and furnish the required report. The report should be com¬
plete, as far as possible, so that no further reference may be necessary
on the part of the referring officer. Immediately on receipt of such
report, the officer to whom the petition is addressed should dispose of
the petition.
5. In the case of every such disposal, a written order should be
placed on record stating the grounds of the decision and a copy of such
order shall be endorsed on the petition under the seal and signature of
the disposing officer or granted separately as soon after the passing of
the order, as practicable.
* Amended by notification No. 1909/L-K.3 dated 3 ii-1915.
 75

6. Every party affected by the order passed, shall be entitiled, on

his applying for them, to copies of correspondence or other papers on
which the officer has based his order—the copies being furnished at the
expense of the applicant;
Provided, however, no copies shall be granted which by any stand¬
ing orders the officer is precluded from furnishing.
7. All copies under the foregoing rule shall, as a rule, be granted
within 3 days at the latest from the date on which paper and fees have
been produced.
8. Appeals.— Any party feeling aggrieved by any order passed as
aforesaid shall be at liberty to appeal to the next superior authority and
eventually to the Government. (Such appeal, if not falling under the
Regulation of the 21 st Edavam and 21st Mithunam 1062 respectively
and Circular dated the 4th Any 1063 shall lie 'within 3 months from
the date of the order intended to be appealed against).'
9. No appellate authority shall receive an appeal petition on any
matter unless it is accompanied by the endorsement of the officer below,
or an authenticated copy of his order or unless it shall be satisfactorily
proved that such officer has refused to give an endorsement or a copy of
his order.
10. Appeal petitions should, as far as possible, set forth the grounds
on which they are preferred, and should be accompanied by any docu¬
ments which the appellant may wish to produce in support of his case.
11. If a reference is found necessary to the officer who decided in
the Erst instance before the appeal can be disposed of, the petition shall
be despatched to such officer for report or explanation, as the case may
be, and such report or explanation shall be submitted within 5 days as
a rule from the date of the receipt of the requisition to report. A
longer time will be necessary when the reference involves the summon¬
ing and examination of individuals and the recording of evidence or
reference' to a local official and these grounds should be stated in ex¬
planation of any delay which may occur beyond the prescribed time in
replying to the requisition.
12. All petitions referred by the appellate . authority should be
returned along with the report or reply.
13. When petitions are referred by a superior to a subordinate
officer simply for consideration or disposal and not for report, the latter
should still give the petitioner an endorsement embodying his order on
it, so that the superior authority may be able without further reference,
to dispose of the petition in the event of the petitioner appealing to him.
* Added by notification, dsted 12th December 1893.
 76

14. When an appeal has been once disposed of, no second petition
on the same subject will be received, unless it sets forth some new or
important matter.
15. Petitions will not be received regarding any matter which forms
the subject of judicial proceedings in a Court, or which falls within the
jurisdiction of the Courts, or is an appeal from the final decision of a
Court of law, whether Civil or Crimianl, relating to the administration
of Civil or Criminal Justice, in cases in which another mode of obtain¬
ing redress is open to the complainant under the Regulations.
16. Government will receive petitions only from principals; addresses
running in the name of a Vakil or agent will receive no attention unless
accompanied by due powers of attorney.
17. Anonymous petitions will, as a rule, not be noticed.
18. Miscellaneous—All petitions should have the seal or the initials
of the receiving Officer, and the dates of receipt and disposal marked
on them by the Officers receiving them. Where a petition is referred
by endorsement to an Officer, die dates of the receipt and re-transmis¬
sion of the endorsement should like-wise be noted,
19. A register in the Form annexed should be kept in every Office
of petitions received, showing the date of receipt and disposal, an
abstract of its contents, and a transcript of the order passed on it
Serial numbers should be given to the petitions in the order of the dates
of receipt.
'20. “ if a petitioner happens to be present when his petition is dis¬
posed of, a copy of the order should be furnished to him forthwith. If
he is not so present but has enclosed any anchal stamps for an endorse¬
ment, the order shall be communicated to him, using the stamps sent by
him, the excess, if any, being returned to him with the order. In cases
in which postage is not prepaid or when the anchal stamps enclosed by
him are insufficient to cover the postage, the endorsement will be sent
to the petitioner with the words “ endorsement on petition ’’ written on
the cover, and the postage at the prepaid rate or to the extent of the
deficiency will be charged on article and recovered from the addressee
under Rule 105 of the Anchal Rules, as amended by Notification
No. S. R. 3718, dated the 25th September 1920.”
20. Superior Officers, when out on circuit in the Districts, should
see that these rules are acted upon by their subordinate Officers and
should in particular examine the petition register and the file of undis¬
posed petitions and notice any neglect or unnecessary delay in keeping
the former'or in disposing of the 1 after. ^
* Substituted by notification No. L. B. 9363/tlOO of 1915 dated 9-10,20124-2-96,
 77

Government Notification dated 13—7—1907 re delay in

submitting reports on petitions.
It has recently come to the notice of Government in several
appealable cases that appeals are presented long after the time allowed by
the rules. As a reason for the delay, it is stated by parties and Vakils
that the orders of Heads of Departments or offices were not
communicated to them and that, as soon as they came to know of the
decision, they applied for copies and then preferred the appeals. In a
few cases, it is also reported that copies were refused to be granted by
the officers concerned, and appeals were presented without such copies.
This state of things not only affects prejudicially the interests of the
parties whose appeals are thereby rejected as time barred or for
nonproduction of copy of the order, but also seriously hampers the
conduct of the business. The attention of Heads of Departments and
offices is invited to paras 5 to 9 of the Rules dated 26-i-I887 relating
to the presentation and disposal of petitions and appeals (republished
* below) and they are requested to see that the provisions are strictly
carried out in practice. Even on ordinary petitions other than appeals,
the rules should be kept in view and endorsements finally disposing
of them or showing the action taken on them should invariably
be furnished to the petioners concerned. All unnecssary delay or
dilatoriness in the disposal of petitions should also be avoided as far as
possible. Instructions should also be issued by them to their
subordinates to adhere strictly to the rules and they should be told
that their violation in any respect would be seriously noticed by
Government. It is hoped that Government will be spared the necessity
of repeating these instructions and will seldom have' occasion to notice
any instance of this transgression, ‘
 78

G. O. Dis. No. 1793 of 1921 IRevenue.

dated the 2nd December 1921,
Rules for the management of Libraries in Revenue Officers.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No, 494 of 21|Land
Revenue, dated the 8th November 1921, re: draft rules regarding
the management of Libraries in Revenue Offices, 1 have the honour to
inform you that Government approve the draft rules and sanction their
adoption in all the revenue offices in the State. A copy of the rules as
finally passed by Government is herein enclosed.
2. Arrangements have been made for the rules being published in
the Gazette.
ENCLOSURE.
Rules.
Regarding the management of Libraries in Revenue Offices.
1. The Library allowed to each office should be separate from
general Record Room.
2. It should be in charge of a responsible subordinate Officer.
Note. The Sheristadar or the Head Clerk in -the Division
Cutcherries and the Deputy Tahsildar or the Samprathy in the Taluk
Offices may preferably be placed in charge of the Library at the
discretion of the Head of the office. Generally the Head Clerk will
ex-offico be in charge of the Library attached to every office.
3. All books received in an office should bear the office stamp
with date of its supply and should immediately be entered in the Library
Catalogue and attested by the Head of the office at once. The books
should be serially numbered and those numbers should be entered in the
catalogue also.
Note. The term ‘books’ includes periodicals and Law Reports
also, but the latter may be separately numbered.
4. The books in each office should be kept under lock and key
in the library room if there is any or in separate almirahs or shelves.
5. A catalogue ( in From A) of all the books should be
maintained by the Librarian which should be brought up-to-date from
time to time.
6. Books will be issued from the Library to officers and the
members of the establishment for reference whenever necessary. Under
no cincumstances should any book be issued to an out-sider.
 7. When a book has to be removed from the Library, a receipt
( in form B ) must invariably be furnished by the officer taking the
book. It should be returned or cancelled when the book is leturned.
8. It will be the duty of the Librarian to get back the books as
early as practicable and restore them to their respective places in the
Library.
9. No outsider should have access to the Library and as far as
possible the Librarian should himself place in and remove the books
from their allotted positions.
10. The Librarian shall have the books dusted every week and
shall take the necessary precautions to preserve diem from being
destroyed by white ants or insects.
11. Every officer on receiving charge of a Library should satisfy
himself that the Library is in good condition and unless he reports at
once that the books are out of order or that any volume is missing it
will be assumed that he received the Library in good condition and that
no book was missing and he will thence-forward be personally
responsible for any defect or loss which he would have noticed by
inspecting the Library on his arrival.
12. The fact that the books as per the catalogue are in good
condition should be certified to at the bottom of the catalogue itself by
the person assuming charge whenever there is a change in the office of
the Librarian.
13. The Librarian should see that all books in the catalogue kept
in the custody of the Head of office, either as personal copies or for
purposes of reference, are restored to the Library when the Head of
office goes on transfer or on leave.
14. All new Regulations, Proclamations and Rules issued from
time to time and all periodicals and Law Reports should be bound into
volumes of convenient size and each volume entered in the catalogue by
a fresh number.
15. Whenever a new edition of a volume is obtained in the
Library, the old edition maybe disposed of in auction. Copies of
Regulations, Proclamations or Rules in the Library may also be
similarly disposed of when a book in which these Regulations Procla¬
mations, or Rules are embodied, is received in the Library. The bound
volumes of the periodicals, such as Gazette etc,, may be retained for
12 years; provided that the head of . the Office may in his discretion,
order that a particular book or volume of periodical, may be retained
for reference even though it may be superseded.
16. A Circular Fille Book containing copies of all Government
orders of a permanent value should also be maintained in the Library.
 80

FORM A.

Catalogue of books in the library of office.

Serial Date of receipt. Name of Language. Remarks.

No. Book.

i
i

Note:--Each volum should be given a separate number.

1. Library No.

2. Name of the book.

3. Name and designation of the

person taking the book.

4. Signature with date, of person

taking the book.

5, Initials of the Librarian with

' dafe.
 81

G. O. Dis. No. 68 of 1922/Revenue, dated the 18th January 1922.

Docket Form of corespondence.

With reference to your letter No. 2424/L. R., and A., dated ihe
16th Vrichigom 1097, addressed to the Account Officer, taking
objection to his adopting ihe docket form of correspondence in addres¬
sing you, I have the honor to inform you that Government consider that
in an office such as the Account Office where there is a large volume of
correspondence to be carried on, it is both inconvenient and unnecessary
to adopt the letter form in addressing more, than one officer oil the same
subject, especially when the communications issued is for the informa¬
tion of the officer concerned. Government are also of the opinion that
there should be no reason for an officer to fee] aggrieved when the
docket form is employed for sending to him copies of letters addressed
to an officer of higher status.

Extracts from G. O. Dis. No. 479/22 G. B. dated the' 7th

October 1922 Form of correspondence with Palace.

ffiSojnruJo iTuoaojcruil ey aiOiOgotosmlaai offlSfSiBna.tsiatfeOo aeieoio

a«Jta)i(o6 03©o nosssiroloiKacroggo «(3ojoiustoOo oajoD^cuPg-joffiiaaatol
eilratm c&oaisjso ter® cromiMxn TmcaaoAacejOgaromntec^mi
jyaiom qq)$JS)<&)Oo o£)fij0o aeico)o&ratrol<o4 wrsmlascmgo eso'trujo
nruosnKTLul^j tftDajjSBsOocBS «e.i .oiaa'inmlitii «mia7ltaioanru®<fc
SaicQ)'l®laejs)acnoag.ffi®'5A'Xi.'0!D6 saurrujo^aaloasroaso isrecrulcijjoiia
<0)(&2f!all6rooa23«8o £D<SaJ|OJti S><ft0§O(D<OTa51sej<8« ^o^laaj'ltsfaDl- a (#10
aol c^g)$,atlOT:o).^nu«amnnl©co rolq/uimliJG iJo3jJ°cu51a-)o<i>|iaaai>olaej
acajocoTumaitb acn© ^ acftogoaoirateajogj^ «rroo2'<s:gissn§ omtPitngiiaaa
gjoo asi.a'o&OToi'iroi !ruouoooaioa)l|o4j)^jBiifflrBcn)d3«(5rroce6)Ojgno jojgoatftE;
dDdn.at) agj^tfil a>ejm xornlral^rmrawooT) st&osptao
mitbQjxuldMcgieaoo® £axa._oar® oocdj®'c6 £ o obey <8>cml £ qjoa-
a0<jf«nla3 mneucos aicroiroi^siacaosn^ c&ejeo aioxLi<aajml®ej migtSlMao
tru©l^ ®oisn§iyc9>offlo a sgjansojioi&c™.

Extracts from G. O. Dis. No. 1198 of 1922/Revenue, dated

4-1 1-22/19-3-98. re : the grant of certified copies of Revenue Records
to parties.

7. (a) The grant of copies should not be refused merely on the

ground of the document being an official report; the general rules in
 82

this matter are that no copies should be granted of reports of a confiden¬

tial character and that the officer to whom the report is addressed
should, in every case, decide whether a copy of it may be granted or

(h) Copies of petitions addressed to Government may not be

granted to private persons other than the signatories to such petitions.
The Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner, the Division Peish •
kars and the Commissioner, Devicolam, can however, grant, on applica¬
tion by the parties concerned, copies of orders passed by the Govern¬
ment on petitions presented to them or to any of their subordinate
Officers but passages containing remarks on the conduct of Officers or
which for any other reason should not be communicated to the parties
or to the public should be omitted when such copies are granted.
8. Persons requiring copies of records connected with any suit or
revenue proceedings to which they are no parties may apply to, the
Officers competent to order the grant of the copy applied for with a
certificate from a court or a proper Officer that the applicant is affected
by the record in question or that he requires it for use in any judicial
proceedings or proceedings before the revenue authorities. Even in the
case of applications accompanied with such certificates, due discretion
should be exercised by she Land Revenue and Income Tax Commis¬
sioner and the Division Peishkars and the Commissioner, Devicolam,
as the case may be, and they may either grant or refuse copies of all or
any of the records covered by such certificates, as the nature of each
case might warrant. When a party is unable to obtain a copy of some
record essential to his case, the court or Officer should, on the motion
of such party, furnish him with an order stating such record to be re-

10. Copies of accounts or documents relating to private estates under

the management of the Sirkar should not be given as a matter of course
to applicants other than the proprietors concerned nor ordinarily except
in compliance with an order or summons from a court or Office for their
production.

12. When one department of Government applies to . another for

copies of orders or records, the copies should be made on plain unstamp¬
ed paper and by the ordinary staff. In the case, however, of lengthy
judgments, lengthy depositions or other lengthy papers judicially recorded,
the copies need not be made by the ordinary staff and should be made on
copy-stamped papers which will be supplied by the department requiring
them.
 83

Extracts from G. O. R. Dis No. 430/23/ G, B. dated the

22nd Jnue 1923.
Form of Correspondence between Assistant Commissioners and
Dewan Peishkars.

In view of the fact that the Assistant Commissioners of Devaswoms

belong to a separate Department, Government direct that the form of
correspondence between them and the Dewan Peishkars should be the
ordinary letter form in English, and the yadast form in Malayalam.

G. O. Dis. No. !Q32/23/Rev. dated the 5th December 1923

Charges for Sending of endorsements io parties.

With reference to your letter R. 0. C. No. 3602 of 23/Land

Revenue, dated the 23rd October 1923, re: petition Rules, I have
the honour to observe that the points now raised by the Commissioner
Devicolam, are (1) whether endorsements should be sent to petitioners
in bearing covers (2) how to meet the Anchal charges, in case parties do
not take delivery of the bearing covers and (3) how to send endorse¬
ment in British Post to persons residing outside Travancore. As
regards Doint (1) the rules appear to be clear. ( Vide Notification No.
L, R, 936311110 of 1915, dated the 9th October 1920. ) In regard
to the Anchal charges referred to in point 12) the practice is to meet the
expenditure from the contingencies of the office concerned and io debit
the same under ‘‘ Miscellaneous charges.’’ This may by followed.
As for point (3) Government consider that the practice of
sending bearing covers by British Post, if it exists anywhere should be
stopped. They also approve your suggestion that, if it be in the interest
of Government to have an endorsement in any particular case served on
a party residing in British India it may be sent to nim duly stamped the
expenditure being charged to the contingencies of the office concerned.

Extract from G. O. R. Dis. No. I001124/G. B. dated the 1st

November 1924.
Use of Service bearing covers by Tantries and Agents of Minor
and Petty Devaswoms.

Government sanction the Thantries of the scheduled Devaswoms as

well as the Agents appointed for the management of Minor and
Petty Devaswoms under G. O, R.^Dis. No. 3!2/23iG. B. dated the 7th
May 1923, being permitted to send official communications relating to the
Devaswoms in “ Service bearing ’’ covers. In regard to the Anchal
charges on these covers Government consider that in the light of Section
7 of the Devaswom Proclamation, these charges should be debited to
the Devaswom Fund and not to the State Revenue.

G. O. No. 781/S124 dated the 19th March 1924. Re : use of

Common Reminder Forms

Certain Heads of Departments, having solicited the orders of

Government whether it would be in order to use Common Reminder
Forms supplied from the Stationery Department when they are addressed
by the Subordinate officers of thsir department and other departments,
Government are pleased to observe that there froms have been standar¬
dized and introduced to save time and correspondence and can, therfore,
be used by:—
(1) Heads of Departments when they address Government.
(2) Officers of equal status when addressing one another.
(3) Officers of higher status to those of lower status, either
in their own department or other departments.
(4) Subordinate officers of one department to the superior
officers of the same department.
In all other cases, the letter form should be adopted.

G, O. Dis. No. 550j26!Rev. dated the 1st May 1926.

Vakils will not be heard on behalf of public Servants Department-
ally punished.

It is hereby notified that appeals preferred to Heads of Departments

by public servants who have been dismissed, degraded, discharged, placed
under suspension or otherwise departmentally punished, will ordinarily be
disposed of on perusal of the records and that pleaders will not be heard
on behalf of the appellants in such cases. Should, in any case, a public
servant wish to make any oral representation to the Head of the Depart¬
ment, he should do so in person and at the Office concerned.

G. O. Dis. No. !696/26/Rev. dated 13th November 1926

Submission of petitions by public Servants

Rules to Regulate the submission of petitions to the Government

by Public Servants, issued with the sanction of Her Highness the Maha
Rani Regent under n ate the 1 ith November l926/26th Thulam 1102.
 85

(1) Every public servant desiring as such to petition the Govern'

ment should do so separately and not conjointly with others.
(2) Every petition shall conclude with a specific prayer or prayers
and shall be signed by the petitioner himself. Petition signed by a Vakil
or other agent for or on behalf of the petitioner will not be considered
by Government.
(3) No public servant may submit a petition in respect of any
matter in which he is not personally affected.
(4) Every petition addressed to the Governmemt by a public
servant must be submitted through his departmental superior or through
the head of the office in which he is serving. If the petitioner has just
left the service of Government and his petition relates to his serv:ce
under Government, it should be submitted through the departmental
superior or through the head of the office in which he was Iasi serving.
There is no objection, however to a petitioner transmitting a duplicate
copy of his petition direct to Government, provided that he marks it as
“Duplicate.”
” (5) Appeals to the Government against departmental orders of
dismissal, suspension, reduction or supersession passed against public
servants shall be submitted within 60 days from the date of comm¬
unication of the orders appealed against, exclusive of the time taken In
obtaining copies thereof. No appeals shall however lie to Government
under these rules against orders of punishment etc., in regard to which
definite provision is made in the G. O. 8. delegating powers of
appointment punishment etc,, to heads of Departments and other officers
that there shall be no second appals against such orders.
(6) The departmental superior or head of the office will at once
forward the f etition to the Government through the ordinary official
channel and may make such remarks as he may consider necessary in
regard to the accuracy of the statements made and inferences drawn in
the petition. He will at the same time forward such records not sub¬
mitted by the petitioner as may have to be consulted for the proper dis¬
posal of the petition, if the submission of the petition is delayed more
than two months from date of receipt by him, the departmental superior
or head of the office shall make an interim report to Government stating
the reasons for the delay.
(7) After they have once passed orders on a petition, the Govern¬
ment will not consider any subsequent petition from the same petitioner
in respect of the same grievance, unless new facts or fresh grounds not
previously before them are adduced.
* Substituted by Notification Dis. No. 1127/32/Rer. dated 12-7.1982.
 86
(8) When a position is before the Government, a personal hearing
of the petitioner by the Dewan will be allowed only on such, special
grounds as the Government may consider reasonable in the interests of
justice. Vakils or other agents will not be heard on behalf of
petitioners.

Extracts from G-. 0. Bis. No. 545/26|G. B.

dated th« 16th December 1926
Correspondence with Palace by Devaswom Officers

S).-3)0§oroajaac£i)l aajaojoaeioii®& om^grqjaijgra) cnscmtnooooojooj®

as sotsfDo ciu'g-jiroiaaaioieajmjo aegjoa-miitoaad) ffl*o§3ao rruAtuo
ooit&ocgpflsDcBii gormrolratkaioi ag)$e®6r@<mo®6roonDgg.rtnlcTO rjcnjlrooaej
00(g)* ngg(i>6>a_t!| svnrmntKTOffll^j ooscmcuastimnncaso aragcsroi c&3fij<s(mji(i>
sig^iurassa-jg 3SCLtrro_io ablg-JO<b|a0a4oWji a<ssjOcocmccr!)ao*o
OdbcgOfflo cfU(iiOJOOJlc9)Ogjteffio<so (cnas£'d> ngig.grP:<9>fing) a^js^isre rolanl
assnjodl (^aJorunsixsoomi^6in§ofoj|ste^jcTEo <bqoj(tu_so cui Ig-joA^a®
oboisaj g.iBgjoconmcaiaod) 6><9>o§3oxtnB>l<san89 a-sugjjcrn ornfffflrgii&jgYgiiai
Co googJloadi(B6 o-toslfflgjtrao amaaoamtnkjiKnaom raQailfflUoeroaacn&o
Afi-jciOQ-jcaoao (OTld-<y6'gJ§i§®6n@mc° ggojoruditmi*? a®$|S®*(Bm!acri>o
®Wi<flao a® cgjai<ruflocii3fBo®lffll@c3fflSri§®oajcCja0oneo .ursBBlacn
(Uj'iicmo (ssigjijf !<s>eotoi(timo as® cd’iejaiejgg. s.G-sjocyoonicaiaoiimtarm
a_nsi! ratafias! ss& ag)^®ioJsscm<3i3C£il|o iO>OTt ajiOJoo (m cseiciop^Oicnfl^
nnlsicihOGOo.rato gjn &<8igjoco(TU£)aii0O(O3sis (TuoocfianomnnajSissirin most
crumcostgjgOTun juGWioscsTtfleacm aoigjta g>.n_iscai3coijy omifrotmAgspa.nj
^ocih (tnaacng^o ogjAg-jo§ fflnj<s^sri§rrrvts>loD ag)tf(mi •roartfisieroaacno
c&^roaafTOlto'.desfmtroOcdri rtntaaao^lam^afryaiociamj^gd! cn_ai> d op
«f e^ca-I^D o 0.-00® coauclo!) ^jioa cyoafW CLono-doas- ag)g
unless mjocncioo oioniiolcSSKntasOsni oirml|gg. acsgjAaa ajtS5(is)o_jg,(tfn^
ffis«06isortnl^i»4JiroltasaSi. fsrnttsoornjfflliy omSPimtn<aiiaig) si.Qjeg)csi)°
ogsSP.gvmAtiiroi aju^oob unasiaigrrio saions og^rbg-ia^anjcgcqjo anjs^sra
imotSicrs.

saajrrujo ac'g-jsd^aarfsdlaai a®,gjococmoo{>0o<o3o e><e,3§aro orro

gjoconaogjcesisBSo.tfizaloi omff(gra*grsa.na(2caisn3 (olmilteaaogjcas.
 87

• esaicrujoaiaalniismA s>AO§oroo iruAaioooitajogjesaDcsJs

a<wsn§@.
gocii (noaTgg.
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 G.O.f!3rDi*.No. 226/28IG. B., dated 16tli June 1928,
Talang’ of copies of records for the Devaswora Department.

With reference to your letter C. No, 9119 of 27/P. D. dated the

29th October 1927, re : taking of copies of revenue records for the use
of the Devaswom Department, I have the honour to forward herewith
copy of letter from the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner
C. No. 3939127/L. R., dated the 6th April 1928, on the subject and to
inform you that Government accept the opinion of the Land Revenue
Commissioner expressed therein to the effect that the applications for
copies of records when they relate to Sirkar Devaswoms should be dis¬
posed of under Rule 12 of the Rules passed under G.O. Dis. No. 1198/
22/Rev., dated the 1st November 1922, but that when they relate to the
Personal Deposit Devaswoms, the copies should be supplied on stamped
sheets of paper supplied by the applicant or on payment of the required
fees as the case may be.

(Enclosure)
Copy of letter C. No. 3939/27/L. R„ dated the 6th April 1928,
(rom the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner
to the Chief Secretary to Government.
With reference to the Government Docket R.O.C, Noi 1575 of 27/
G. B , dated the 1 7th November 1927, re : grant of permission to the
officers of the Devaswom Department to take copies of records relating
to the Devaswoms under their control and management, I have the
honour to slate that it is seen from the Devaswom Commissioner’s letter,
copy of which was forwarded to me for remarks, that the Assistant
Commissioner of Devaswoms' Ambalapuzha District, made a requisition
to the Tahsildar, Shertallai for copies of the Settlement and Pre-settle¬
ment records relating to certain service Inam lands belonging to the
Thuravoor Devaswom, that the latter replied to say that copies could be
given only on production of the required stamp paper and that the
special sanction of Government is required for granting the copies. The
Devaswom Commissioner says that as the Thuravoor Devaswom is a.
Persorial Deposit Devaswom administered by Government through the
officers of the Devaswora Department and that as the records applied for
are required not for their personal use but for reference in connection
with the administration of the Devaswom, the copies applied for should
be given on plain paper, free of cost. He also says that in respect of
both Sirkar Devaswoms and Personal Deposit Devaswoms administered
by that Department a reference to the Settlement and Pre-settlement
records would very often be necessary, that it might not be possible in
all such cases to approach Government for their sanction and that his
officer* should be permitted to take copies of records' relating to the
Devaswoms under their control and management,
 2. I consulted the three Dewan Peishkars in the mati8||^]\fe.
meswara Iyer, Dewan Peishkar, Trivandrum, is of ii[iiiiiriinW>t till*
mission sought for may be granted. He does not make any distinction
between Sirkar Devaswoms and Personal Deposit Devaswoms under
the control, and management of the Devaswom Department.
Mr. C. K. Mathen reports that under the rules the Tahsildar is com¬
petent to grant copies of Settlement and Pre-settlement records without
Government sanction, that applications for copies of records from the
officers of the Devaswom Department have ordinarily to be treated as
applications from any other Department of Government, the copies
applied for being given on plain unstamped paper as per Rule 12 of the
Rules regulating the grant of copies of revenue records (vide G. O Dis.
No. 11 98/22IRev., dated 4-11-1922) but that the present application
requires a different treatment. He says that the mere fact that the
officers of the Devaswom Department administer the Thuravoor Deva¬
swom would not make it a Government concern, that their applications
in such cases must be treated in effect as if they were made by the
trustees of the Devaswom and that such applications would not come
within the category of applications from one Department of Government
to another. Mr. Mathen is therefore of opinion that the Tahsildar can
grant copies of settlement and pre-settlement records, without Govern¬
ment sanction, on copying sheets of paper supplied by the applicant on
behalf of the Thuravoor Devaswom. Mr. R. Krishna Pillai, Dewan
Peishkar, Kottayam, is substantially of the same view. He says that
the Thuravoor Devaswom is a private Devaswom whose expenditure is
met entirely out of its funds, although it is being temporarily managed
by the Devaswom Department and that it cannot be treated as a Govern¬
ment institution.
3. The gyant of copies of . records is governed by the rules passed ,
under G. O. Dis. No. 1198/22/Rev., dated the 1st November 1922.
Under these Rules, the Tahsildar is competent to grant copies of settle¬
ment and pre-settlement records (please see Rule 5, Clause 8). No
special sanction of Government is, therefore, necessary to grant copies
of these records to the officers of the Devaswom Department.
4. The Devaswom Department being now separate from the Revenue,
their applications, when they relate to Sirkar Devaswoms /have to be
disposed of under Rule 12 of the above Rules, that is, the copies should
be made on plain unstamped paper hy the ordinary staff, except in the
case of lengthy judgments, lengthy depositions etc., the copies of which
should be made on stamped papers supplied by the Devaswom Depart¬
ment. But applications for copies made on behalf of or for the benefit
of Personal Deposit Devaswoms, which do not belong to the Govern¬
ment, cannot be treated as applications made by one Department of
 90

Government to another. They should be supplied on stamped sheets of

paper supplied by the applicant or on payment of the required fees a*
the case may be.
I request the orders of Government.

G. O. Dis. No. 604|'29IRev. dated the 1st April 1929.

Taking of copies of measurement skeiches of Devaswom Porambokes.

With reference to your letter C. No. 347 of 29/L. R., dated

the 6th February 1929, re: allowing officers of the Devaswom Depart¬
ment to take from the taluk Offices copies of measurement sketches of
Devaswom porambokes and granting attested copies of the same, I have
the honor to inform you that Rule 12 of the Rules regulating the grant
of certified copies of revenue records Dis. No. II98 of 22/Revenue,
dated the 4th November 1922, will govern such cases.

(Enclosure,)
Copy of letter C. No. 347 of 1929/Land Revenue, dated the 6th
February 1929, from the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner,
Travancore, to the Chief Secretary to Government.

I have the honor to inform you that the Devaswom Commissioner

has written to jay that copies of the measurement sketches of Devaswom
porambokes are necessary to verify the correctness of the area of the
temple sites transferred to his department. He therefore requests that
the Officers of his department may be allowed to take from the taluk
Offices copies of these measurement sketches and granted attested copies
of the same, when necessary. I request orders as to whether the
Tahsildars may be asked to allow the Devaswom subordinates to take
copies of the necessary measurement sketches whenever required.

G. Q. No. FI. 279 dated the 27th February 1930. Use of service
stamps by Fund officials and Agents of Devaswoms.

With reference to Government letter D. Dis. No, 32/30 Mis.,

dated 8th January 1 930, 1 have the honour to inform you that Govern¬
ment are pleased to grant permission to Devaswom Fund Officials and
Agents of minor and petty Devaswoms to use Service Anchal Stamps
by obtaining the same from Treasuries on payment of money out of the
Devaswom Fund.
 91

Necessary corrections to the Account Code will issue in due

course.

G. O. No. FI. 2040 dated the 29th November 1930.

Excess charges levied on unfranked covers etc.

The Government have ordered that the following procedure should

be adopetd in regard to the excess charges levied by the Anchal De¬
partment on unfranked or unstamped or insufficiently stamped covers,
packets etc , despatched from one Governmeat institution to another.
2. The excess charge levied should be treated as a final charge of
the Office of the addressee and debited to his Office contingencies.
The addressee will then intimate the excess charge incurred to the
sender who will take steps to recover the amount from the party at fault
and credit the same as an item of revenue receipt of his (the sender’s)
departnent.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 161/31/Rev. dated the 21st March 1931.

Inter-departmental correspondance to be promptly attended to.

It has come to the notice of the Government that certain revenue

cases which were referred to a P. W. Sub-Division Officer were pend¬
ing with him unanswered from 1104 onwards and that to expedite
matters the Land Revenue Commissioner had to instruct the Tahsildar
concerned to personally interview the Sub-Division Officer frequently
with a view to get the replies from him. Government consider that
delays in replying to inter-departmental reference are unbusiness-like
and quite undesirable, as they seriously hinder the progress of work.
All Heads of Departments are, therefore-requested to see that inter¬
departmental correspondence is promptly attended to by themselves and
their subordinates and that no avoidable delay is allowed to occur in
the disposal of such correspondence.

G. O. Ri Dis. No. 760/1931 /Rev. dated the 4th June 193 h

Form of correspondence between Devaswom officers and others.

With reference to the correspondence ending with your letter R.

O. C. No. 1602/24/C. E., dated the 6th May 1931, regarding the form
of'correspondence between Devaswom Officers and Heads of other
 92

Departments and other officers, I have the honor to inform you that
Government sanction as follows :—

(1) In English correspondence with Assistant Commissioners of

Devaswoms, the letter form (Form I) should be adopted by Heads of
Departments except the Devaswom Commissioner and the Govern¬
ment, The Chief Secretary to Government, the Financial Secretary to
Government and the Devaswom Commissioner will address the Assistant
Commissioners of Devaswoms in the docket form (Form VII), The
latter should adopt the letter form in addressing the Heads of De¬
partments and Government. The Heads of Departments should adopt
the Memo form (Form V) in addressing the Devaswom Group Superin¬
tendents, while the latter should use the letter form in addressing the
Heads of Departments.

(2) In Vernacular correspondence, yadastform (Form II) should

be adopted between the Assistant Commissioners of Devaswoms and all
Heads of Departments other than the Devaswom Commissioner and the
Government, who will address the Assistant Commissioners of Deva¬
swoms in the order form (Form VI). The Sadhanom form (Form III)
should be adopted by the Assistant Commissioners of Devaswoms in
addressing the Devaswom Commissioner and the Government. The
Heads of Departments should address the Devaswom Group Superin¬
tendents in the yadast form (Form II) while the latter should use the
Sadhanom form ?(Form III) in their correspondence with the former
officers and the Government. The Government and the Devaswom
Commissioner will address the Devaswom Group Superintendents in the
order form. The form of correspondence between the Devaswom Com¬
missioner and the Heads of Departments should be in. the Sadhanom
form (Form IV).

(3) As between yourself and your Assistant Commissioners,

Government have no objection to the existing practice being continued.
 Letter Form- (Form No, I.)
Office.
Date .
From.
To.
Sir,
I have the honor to ....

I have the honor to be

Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
(Designation).
Yadast Form—(Form No. tl.)

(trooXaW'njcoo)

(gsejocoasy^o ag-jo)

Sadhanom Form—(Form No. HI.)

- .Ta,*-).
..
gj.ills® oral's a,cg1 ...

E’-altSp =4T§B3° ®CttB3mJ<I>C8(£S>,t.«ra.

(lAS,g 0
* -isroe.
S® crvotocoo ... .
(gasjorosg-irao eyi)
Sadhanom Form—(Form \j0, IV.)
®®sh W.
f^l^roO . >. ...
CSnj'sffirrtOieuycgT' (fftBaT1©.......

... ... ... ... ... f ..<ffR>asi?>

*s,& seOogjt^aj^cgf.aojmo.
jyagbcaaYuo coco 011....
(Saejoasegjnao Sjj.)
 94

Memo Form - (Form

Office .
Date.
The .is informed that
He is directed....

Name of officer
To
The

Order Form—(Form No. VI.)

.

Docket Form- (Form No, VII)

Office ... .,.

Place ..

To

Dated |
Despatched j Date.
Received I
No.

Reference:
Has the honor.

Designation.
 95

G. O. R. Dis. No. 513/32!Rev. dated the 26th September 1932

Devaswom Commissioner’s Office Manager to sign ‘ By order” com¬
munications.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 11035/32, dated the

30th August 1932,1 have the honor to inform you that, in the circum¬
stances brought to notice, Government sanction the Manager of the
Devaswom Commissioner’s office being authorised to sign “By Order”
all communications of a routine and urgent nature, except those addressed
to Government.

G. O. Dis. No. 2606/32!Judl. dated 9-9-32.

Report on appeal petitions to be sent within 30 days.

1 have the honor to inform you that Government observe that much
avoidable delay is caused in the disposal of appeal petitions by Govern¬
ment due to the Departmental Heads not sending up the reports called
for from them on such petitions promptly. 1 am therefore directed to
request that you will be so good as to report within thirty days on such
appeals referred to you and to issue the necessary instructions to your
subordinate officers in the matter.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 491133/S. F. dated 5th August 1933.

Use of Express letter.

It is seen that there is considerable expenditure on account of

telegraph charges in the various offices in the State In the majority of
cases, telegrams are sent in the afternoon towards the close of the day,
and they either reach the officers concerned or action taken thereon only
the next morning. In these days of quick motor traffic, letters despatched
to officers will ordinarily reach them the next morning almost simultane¬
ously with the telegrams. Therefore, in point of time, there is not much
appreciable economy by the use of wires. The main advantage of
sending telegrams is only that they are more expeditiously attended to
in the receiving offices than ordinary letters. But the amount spent on
each telegraphic message is quite out of proportion to the above advan¬
tage derived thereby. As a means of economy,‘it is proposed to intro¬
duce Express Letter form which is an original message sent by Anchal
'to save telegraphic expsnse and undue use of wires. This form is in¬
tended to be treated, on receipt, With the same expedition, as if it had
been telegraphed. To save time and formalities it should be worded and
signed as if it had been so despatched. By the introduction and use of
the Express letter form, Government expect that there will be consider¬
able savings to them under the increasing item of telegraph charges
 96

especially in these days of financial stringency. In emergent and un¬

avoidable cases where replies should be received or action taken the
same day, telegrams may, however, be sent. In all other cases in which
telegrams are being sent at present, the Express letter which will very
well satisfy the purpose of a telegram should be issued as in British
India. All Heads of Departments and Offices are therefore requested
to see that Express letter forms are made use of instead of sending
telegrams, except in emergent and exceptional cases as specified above,
and to treat the Express letter with the same expedition as if it had been
a telegram. The Anchal Superintendent has instructions to arrange for
the Express Letters being specially treated and delivered to the addres¬
sees as promptly and quickly as possible. The Account Officer is re¬
quested to see that telegraph charges are not admitted in audit except in
the exceptional cases mentioned above. Arrangements have also been
made for the Express Letter form and its envelope being printed and
stocked in the Form Stores for issue to indenting officers.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 236/33/C. P. O., dated the 18th December

1933. Use of common forms.

I have the honour to inform you that common letter forms in Mala-
yalam have been introduced and arranged to be printed in J and 4 F’cap
sizes as common forms Nos. 80 and 81 respectively, f request that you
will be so good as to arrange for. the same being made use of in your
Department also instead of Devaswom forms Nos. 47, 48, 58, 59, 62
and 63. These special forms may be treated as cancelled and deleted
from the list of Devaswom forms.

G. O. Dis. No. 1736134/Judicial dated the 24th July 1934.

Form of correspondence with Palace.

It has been brought to the notice of Government that, contrary to

the usual practice, when Officers address communications direct to the
Palace the yadasl form of correspondence is adopted by some of them.
All Heads of Departments and Offices are informed that in the case of
those Officers who are allowed to correspond direct with the Palace,
they shall adopt either the letter form in English or the Sadhanam form
in Malayalam.
 97

CHAPTER III.

duties and powers of the several officers of the

department,

G. O. Dis. No. 32 of 21 dated 14/ 19th January 1921.

Rules for the preservation of Devaswom Properties.

The Chief Officer in charge of each Sirkar Major Devaswom such

as Manager, Koima, Srikaryakaran, Chanthiram or Anaval, as the case
may be, is primarily responsible for taking proper care of the buildings,
flagstaff, Thiruvabharanams, vessels etc., belonging thereto, and it should
be his incessant endeavour to see that efficient arrangements are made for
safeguarding and preserving Devaswom properties of every description
from theft, mischief, and accidents.
2. No person, either for worship or for other purposes, should be
permitted to enter the temple or remain in it, except during the hours
prescribed by local custom.
3. Gate-keepers, watchers and other servants attached to the temple
should be required to guard the same by turns during day and night and
especially during night, and it should be the duty of the chief officer of
the Devaswom to maintain a daily attendance register for the purpose.
4. The chief officer of the Devaswom should pay surprise visits to
the temple at night, and cause the same to be done by the Accountants
and other senior subordinates of the Devaswom, in order to satisfy him¬
self that the care taking is done punctually and diligently, a separate
inspection register being opened for entering the results of such inspec¬
tion. He should also submit weekly reports of such inspection to the
Tahsildar.
5. The Tahsildar should examine at 'least once a month the inspec¬
tion register mentioned in the foregoing rule with a view to see that it it
properly maintained. He should also pay surprise visits at night to the
temples in his taluk as often as possible, in order to see that the arrange¬
ments made in respect of night-watch are satisfactory, and he should
make monthly reports to the Peishkar of the work done by him in the
shape of (a) the examination of the inspection register maintained at the
several temples within his jurisdiction and (b) the surprise night visits
paid by him.
6. The fuel, grass and cocoa nut shells required for use in temples
should not be stored within the temple premises, but should be stored in
a detached place from which the requisite quantity should be taken to the
kitchen ever} morning and evening. Scrupulous care should be taken
to see that the fire inside the kitchen is completely extinguished every
time alter the cooking is over, both during day and night.
 7. It should be distinctly understood by the Tahsildar and the temple
servants concerned that inattention to any of the above rules and the
occurrence of theft of, or damage to temple properties by fire or other¬
wise wilt be visited with condign punishments.
8. In view of the recent damage caused to more than one temple by
fire on the west coast, Tahsildars should endeavour to form Vigilance
Committees composed of respectable resident devotees in the case of the
more important temples in their charge. The function of the members of
this Committee will be to pay surprise visits to the respective temples by
day or by night with a view to see that they are properly guarded and to
report to the Tahsildar instances of neglect. The Committee may also
as a body suggest improvements in the watch and ward arrangements.
Tahsildars should forward these suggestions for the orders of the Peish-
kars with their remarks and should take prompt action on reports of the
Committee members bringing cases of neglect of watch duty to his notice.
9. Peishkars are requested to report after three months how far the
formation ol these Committees has been successful.

G. O. Dis. 728/22/G. B. dated the 29th December 1922 Permis¬

sion to visit Malayankulam, Klamkulan etc.
In continuation of this office Dis. 613 of 22 dated the 22nd
November 1922, I have the honor to inform you that Government
sanction your visiting Trichendoor, Malayankulam, Klankulam, Courtal-
lam and Perumanam when necessary.
It is noted that you will apply for special sanction to visit* Kakur,
Rameswaran and Thirupullani.

G. o. R. Dis. No. 253/23/G B. dated 12th April 1923.

Commissioner and Assistant Commissioners.—Journeys outside
the State.
Government sanction the Devaswom Commissioner and the Assis¬
tant Commissioners of Devaswoms, Trivandrum and Vaikom, taking
with them the staff noted at foot when they go on duty to the Devas¬
woms outside Travancore referred to in the G. O. ’s Dis. 613 of 22/G-
B. dated 22-11 -’22 and Dis. 726 of ’22|G. B. dated 29-!2-'22.
Officer. Staff. Places.
Dewaswom Commis- One clerk, one Thrichandur, Mala-
sioner mochee and two yankulam, Klan-
peons kulam. Courtallam
Perumanam.
Assistant Commis- One clerk and one Thrichandur, Mala-
sioner of Devaswoms, peon. yankulam, Klan-
Trivandrum, kulam, Courtallam.
Do. Vaikom. One clerk and one peon. Perumanam.
*> Modified subsequently-
 99

N. B.—The Assistant Commissioners are allowed to visit the

places once a year and the Devaswom Commissioner
whenever, necessary.

G. O.Dis. No. 552123/G. B. dated l4/20th August 1923.

Honorary Services in Devaswoms—Rendering of.
Government sanction the honorary services usually done by some
Proverthikars in certain Devaswoms as shown in the statement
"appended, being transferred to the Devaswom subordinates and the
special anubhaoams given to them.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 761123IG. B. dated the 27th November 1923.

Honorary services in Devaswoms — Rendering of Supplemental list.
Government sanction your proposals regarding the transfer from the
Proverthicars to the Devaswom subordinates of the honorary services
in respect of the Devaswoms of the Padmanabhapuram, Warkala and
Alleppey Groups as shown in the statement'''appended as also the special
anubhaoams. if any relating to the said services being given to the Deva¬
swom subordinates concerned.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 827 of 23/G. B. dated 21st December 1923.

Government sanction the Assistant Commissioner of Devaswoms,
Vaikom, being permitted to visit the Perumanom Devaswom three ’times
a year instead of once as at present.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 233/28/G. B. dated 18th June 1928.

Daily allowance to the peon of the Assistant Commissioner's Office,
Suchindram, who accompanies the procession of Kumaraswami.
Government sanction the payment of full daily allowance admissible
tinder the rules for the first ten days and half that rate for the remain¬
ing period of the halt at Trivandrum of the peon of the Assistant Com¬
missioner’s Office, Suchindram, who accompanies the procession of
Kumaraswami from Kumaracoil to Trivandrum and back in connection
with the Navarathri festival every year.

G. O. Dis. No. !254[30|Rev. dated the 16th October 1930,

Superintendent Shencotta and A. C. Trivandrum permitted to visit
Trichandur and other places.
* the Statement is appended to Vol. i of the Manual (Vide Append!* XXI I)
* The statement is appended to Vol I of the Manual (Vide Appendix XXIII).
 100

In continuation of this office Docket D. Dis. No. 67/30/Mis, dated

the 17th January 1930 re ; the exemption of the Asst. Commissioner of
Devaswoms, Trivandrum District and the Superintendent of Devaswoms,
Shencotta Group, from the operation of Article 51 of T. S. R., 1 have
the honour to inform you that Government accord formal sanction to the
Devaswom officers referred to above to visit (J ) Trichendur, (2) Mala-
yankulam [3) Klankulam, (4) Courtallam and (5) the Sankaraninar-
coil, the Assistant Commissioner of Devaswoms half yearly and the
Group Superintendent, once in every three months, without the previous
•anction of Government. The T. S. R. should be corrected accordingly.

G. O. Dis. No. 752/31 IRev., dated the 29th iMay 193!, Devas¬
wom Commissioner to be consulted on matters relating to Koodaimani-
ckam Devaswom.
With reference to the concluding paragraph of your letter C. .
No. 1137129/L. R., dated the 25th April 1929, suggesting a reference
to the Devaswom Commissioner in respect of matters relating to the
Koodalmanickam Devaswom, 1 have the honour to inform you that
though the Devaswom Commissioner has no control over this Devaswom,
Government agree with you in thinking that it would be more useful to
have the views and remarks of the Devaswom Commissioner in matters
relating to that Devaswom and they accordingly direct that the routine
references regarding accounts, pathivus &c., of the Koodalmanickam
Devaswom be hereafter, as a rule, made to the Devaswom Commissioner.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 962i34|Dev. dated the 12th December 1934

Duties and Powers of the officers of the Devaswom department.
Proceedings of the Government of Mis Highness the Maha Raja
of Travaneore.
Read again :—
(i) G. O. R. 0. C. No. 206 of 21 G.B., dated 2nd September
1922, defining die duties and powers of the superior
Officers of the Devaswom Department.
(ii) Notification R. Dis. No. 97 of 23 dated 21 st February 1923,
regarding the responsibilities and powers of Devaswom
Officers in regard to Japadakshina.
(iii) Letter R. O. C. No. 1342 of 23 dated 26127th March 1924,
from the Devaswom Commissioner, recommending changes
in the powers of the Devaswom Officers.
 101
(iv) Letter R. O. C. No- 1854 of5- 24JM., dated 18th January 1925,
from the Devaswom Commissioner re the same subject.
(v) Letter C. No. 3951131 /Acc., dated 2nd May 1931, from the
Devaswom Commissioner.
(vi) Letter R. O. C. No. 5181 /32/Acc., dated 16th September
1933 from the Devaswom Commisioner.

Obdhi! R. Dip, No. 962|34|Dev., dated

12th December 1934, Trivandrum.
The Devaswom Commissioner, in his letters read above, reports
that from experience gained in working the Department thus far, it has
been found necessary to introduce certain modifications in the duties
and powers of the superior Officers of the Department. The changes
proposed by him are intended to minimise correspondence and delay in
the disposal of trivial and petty matters and also to strengthen the dis¬
ciplinary control of the Superintendents, of Devaswoms.
Government consider the changes proposed by the Commissioner
to be necessary and sanction the following, in supersession of the rules
issued in G O. R. O. C. No. 206 of 21 G. B., dated 2nd September
1922, and in modification of Notification R, Dis. No. 97 of 23 dated
21st February 1923 read above.
The Devaswom Commissioner.
1, The Devaswom Commissioner shall be the advisor to Govertl"
ment in matters relating to Devaswom Administration and he shall be
directly responsible to Government for the proper management and
control of Devaswoms, Charitable institutions and Japadafcshina placed
under his charge. He will generally be consulted in all matters affect¬
ing Hindu temples and also in respect of applications for permission to
open places of public worship under the Proclamation. In regard to
the latter, as prompt action is necessary, the Division Peishfear in whose
jurisdiction the application arises shall send a copy of his notification
calling for objections, if any, against the application, to the Devaswom
Commissioner and consider any objections that may be raised by him
within the time allowed.
2. It shall be the Devaswom Commissioner’s duty :
(i) to supervise and control the Working of the subordinate
Offices of the Devaswom Department;
(ii) to regulate the expenditure within the sanctioned pathivus and
estimates ;
(iii) to watch and collect the receipts from all sources due to the
Devaswom Fund, Personal Deposit Devaswoms and all
other institutions under him;
 102
(iv) to make arrangements for the proper verification preservation
and custody of Nadavaravus, Thiruvabharanams, Pattu-
parivattams, Bharanipathroms and all the belongings of the
Devaswoms and other institutions under his charge ;
(v) to see the live-stock attached to Devaswoms properly cared for;
(vi) to submit, for the sanction of Government, proposals for the
revision of pathivus of those Devaswoms whose pathivus
remain to be revised ;
^vii) to submit to Government an annual report on the administra¬
tion of Devaswoms and other institutions in his charge
■ with special reference to the administration of the Deva-
swom Fund ;
(viii) to act as the administrator of the Devaswom Fund subject to
the rules and instructions that may be laid down by
Government;
(ix) to generally see the administration of Devaswoms conducted
in accordance with the provisions of the Proclmation ; and
(x) to submit to Government all the returns regarding Devaswom
matters which were being sent by the Division Peishkars.
3. The Devaswom Commissioner shall be competent;—
(i) to make appointments in the sanctioned establishment, both
in the Offices and in the Devaswoms, under him, the pay
of which does not exceed Rs. 70 per mensem) subject to
the provisions of the Public Service Notification and
such other rules and orders as may be issued by Govern¬
ment from time time;
(ii) to appoint all subordinates in the Devaswoms and other in¬
stitutions under his control, such as Santhikars, Homakara,
Sivapoojakars, etc., with the proviso that he should not
divest Karanma holders of appointments without'the previous
sanction of Government or appoint Santhikars who are now
appointed from the Palace;
(iii) to transfer all members of the non-Gazetted staff;
(iv) to transfer Superintendents from one Group to another;
(v) to grant any kind of leave, under the rules, to any Officer of
the non-Gazetted [staff, and casual leave to all Officers
under him ;
(vi) to place a Superintendent in additional charge of a neigh¬
bouring Group when the Superintendent of the latter is on
leave, or on transfer or on suspension or on other duty with
the proviso that in Oases where the vacancies are of more
 303

than three months’ duration, Government sanction should

be obtained :
(vii) to dismiss, degrade, suspend, discharge, retire and accept the
resignation of any Officer whom he is competent to appoint.
Before the Devaswom Commissioner dismisses, degrades,
suspends or discharges an Officer, he shall take the written
explanation of such Officer, it being however competent to
the Commissioner to suspend an Officer pending the sub¬
mission by the latter of his explanation. The final order
passed by the Commissioner dismissing, degrading, suspend¬
ing or discharging, an Officer shall state (i) the charges
against such Officer, (ii) the evidence in support of such
charges, (iii) the finding in each charge and (iv) the
previous punishment, if any, imposed on the Officer, and the
latter shall be furnished by the Commissioner with a copy
of the order imposing the punishment. The Commissioner
may fine all Officers below him except Assistant Commis¬
sioners to the extent of Rs. (10) ten at a time. It is open
to a subordinate punished by the Devaswom Commissioner
to appeal against the order of punishment within thirty days
after the receipt by him of the copy of the order appealed
against, provided however that no appeal shall lie from an
order imposing a fine ;
(viii) to sanction all contracts for supplies and services to Deva-
swoms provided that the total value in each case does not
exceed Rs. 5000;
(ix) to sanction the purchase! of provisions in cash where no
contractors are forthcoming, provided the sanctioned
pathivus, budget estimates and nirak rates are not exceeded;
(x) to get the Nadavarau gold and silver and unserviceable Thiru-
vabharanams melted and make the necessary alterations in
the Thiruvabharanam Registers;
(xi) to sanction the disposal of all unserviceable Pattuparivattams,
Bharanipatroms and utensils and other materials, credit the
sale proceeds to the Devaswom Fund and make the neces¬
sary alterations in the Registers and to sanction the disposal
of Thiruvabharanams whose book value does not exceed
Rs. 500 each ;
(xii) to maintain a full and correct account of Thiruvabharanams,
vessels (Bharanipatroms) and valuable cloths (Pattupari-
vattams'i and to check them in detail every half year with
the returns from subordinate Offices;
 (xiii) to sanction the making of new Thiruvabharanams, Bharani-
patroms, Pattuparivattams, etc,, with or without using old
materials available in Devaswoms up to an estimated cost
of Rs. 500;
(xiv) to sanction the disposal of all livestock in Devaswoms, except
elephants ;
(xv) to sanction all estimates for petty construction and repairs and
for Nandavanams up to a limit of Rs. 500 in each case ;
(xvi) to sanction the reappropriation of Savings in the pathivu from
one head to another in the purathepaditharam of different
function in the very same institution ;
(xvii) to sanction all Paditharams under “ Extraordinary cere¬
monies ” to the extent of Rs. 1500 for each function, pro¬
vided funds are available in the budget.
(xviii) to enquire into and report on the affairs of Hindu Religious
Endowments, when required to do so in individual cases
under Section 6 of the Hindu Religious Endowments
Regulation III of 1079 ; and
(six) to make contributions for renewal and repairs of Minor
Devaswoms by private gentlemen or bodies provided that
(a) an estimate is previously sanctioned for the purpose,
(b) the contribution does not exceed one-balf of the cost of
the works or Rs. 500 whichever is less and (c) funds are
available for the purpose.
4. The Devaswom Commissioner shall maintain a correct list of all
endowments that have been, and may in future be made to the Deva¬
swoms under him and see that the proceeds are properly appropriated
and utilised according to the intention of the trusts.
Assistant Commissioners.
5. The Assistant Commissioner shall primarily be responsible for
the proper control and management of the Devaswoms in his District as
also institutions under State Charities and Japadakshina and for the
efficient conduct of Utsavams and festivals. He shall account for all
receipts and expenditure both to the Devaswom Commissioner and the
Account Officer.
6. The Asistant Commissioner shall be competent :—
(i) to make any appointment in the sanctioned establishment in
his District the pay of which does not exceed Rs. 20 per
mensem subject to the provisions of the Public Service
■ Notification and such other rules and orders as may be
issued from time to time, to appoint Santhikai's of Minor
 Devaswoms and fCeezhsanthis of all Major Devaswoms
except Karanma holders and those who are appointed from
' the Palace ; and to grant leave of absence to Melsanthies of
Major Devaswoms for a period not exceeding 3 months
and appointing substitutes in their places provided the men
posses the required qualifications etc.
Note :—This will not affect the rules regarding the appointment of
Japadakshina employees other than those iborne on the pen¬
sionable establishment.
(ii) to transfer any Officer whom he is competent to appoint;
(iii) to grant all kinds of leave to all persons whom they are com¬
petent to appoint and Casual leave to all their subordinates ;
Note:—This will not affect the rules re: grant of leave to Japa¬
dakshina employees other than those borne on the pensionable .
establishment.
(iv) to dismiss, degrade, suspend, discharge or accept the re¬
signation of any Officer whom he is competent to appoint.
It shall also be competent to an Assistant Commissioner to
fine all subordinates except Superintendents subject to a
maximum of Rs. (2) two at a time. Before an Assistant
Commissioner dismisses, degrades or discharges an Officer,
he shall take the written explanation of such Officer, it
being, however competent to an Assistant Commissioner to
suspend an Officer pending the submission by the latter of
his explanation. The final order passed by an Assistant
Commissioner dismissing, degrading suspending or dis¬
charging an Officer, shall state (1) the charges against such
Officer ; (2) the evidence in support of such charges ; (3)
the finding in each charge and (4) the previous punishment,
if any, imposed on the Officer and the latter shall be furni¬
shed with a copy of the order imposing the punishment.
It is open to a subordinate punished by an Assistant
Commissioner to appeal to the Devaswom Commissioner
against the order of punishment within thirty days after the
receipt of the order'appealed against provided however
that no appeal shall lie from an order imposing a fine.
(v) To sanction the disposal of all Nadavaravu Livestock, except
elephants, of the value not exceeding Rs. 50 in each case;
to sanction all Survey reports for the disposal of trees and
unserviceable articles to the hook value of Rs. 50 provided
that in cases where the auction amount exceeds Rs. 50 the
sanction of the Devaswom Commissioner should be
obtained for the confirmation of the auction ; to melt and
 106

convert into bars all Nadavaravu gold and silver whatever

their value, and to melt all unserviceable Thiruvabharanams
except those of historical value or of exceptional workman¬
ship having a book value not exceeding Rs. 50 lor each
Thiruvabharanaro and to incur the necessary cooly charges
therefor. In every such case, copy of the Mahazar to¬
gether with the plus and minus statement should be for¬
warded to the Devaswom Commissioner ; to sanction the
utilisation of unserviceable bronze and copper vessels for
making new vessels, etc., not exceeding Rs. 50 in each
case, the usual plus and and minus statement being sub¬
mitted after getting a certificate of verification from the
Superintendent; to sanction survey reports for the disposal
by auction of all unserviceable Bharanipatroms and Pattu-
parivattams with a book value not exceeding Rs. 50 in each
case ; to sanction the writing off of all articles disposed of
under their sanction forwarding the usual plus and minus
statements ; to sanction the transfer of Bharanipatroms and
Pattuparivattams of any value and Thiruvabharanams and
Nadavaravu gold and silver articles costing not more than
Rs. 100 from one Devaswom to another, the adjustment
statement being sent to the Devaswom Commissioner.
Note : —This will not affect the rules regarding the powers over
Santhikars usually appointed from Palace and also of Japa-
dakshina employees other than those borne under establish¬
ment under G. O. R. Dis. No. 97 of 23IG. B., dated 21st
February 1923 and R. Dis. No. 252 of 23/G. B., dated 12th
April 1923, and
(vi) to sanction contracts for supplies and services to the extent of
Rs. 1000 ; to sanction estimates for Maramat works to the
extent of Rs. 200 and purchase and repair of Bharanipatroms
using old materials available as far as possible and Pattu¬
parivattams to the maximum value of Rs. 50 ; and to sanction
estimates chargeable] to Nandavanoms to the extent of
Rs. 100.
Superintendents.
7. (i) The Superintendents shall be competent:—
(a) to appoint their Office peons and all contingent employees
in their Groups excepting Santhikars of Major and Minor
Devaswoms and Karanma employees.
(i) to grant leave to Santhikars in Minor Devaswoms, Keezh-
santhies in Major Devaswoms for a period not exceeding
 107

3 months and appoint temporarily substitutes therefor

provided they possess the necessary qualifications etc.
(ii) to grant all leave to all persons whom they are competent to
appoint; to grant Casual leave to all subordinates ; to trans¬
fer all subordinates paid from the Devaswom Fund; to
dismiss, degrade, suspend, discharge or accept the resign¬
ation of all men whom they are competent to appoint; to fine
all subordinates subject to a maximum [of Rs. 2 at a time.
Before a Superintendent dismisses, degrades, suspends or
discharges an employee he shall take the written explanation
of such employee. It is open to a subordinate punished by
the Superintendent to appeal to the Assistant Commissioner
against the order of punishment within thirty days after the
receipt by him of the copy of the orders appealed against,
provided, however, that no appeal shall lie from an order
imposing a fine ; to incur expenditure up to Rs. 5 for tem¬
porary Sudhi (Pasudana Punniayaham) in anticipation of
sanction ; to auction all live-stock received as Nadavaravu
except elephants ; provided that in cases where the auction
amount exceed Rs. 25 the confirmation of the auction should
be got sanctioned by the competent authority; to open
Vanches except those at Ettumanoor, Vaikom, Thiruvarppu,
Thirunakkara, Thrikkariyur in the Vaikom District,
Aranmula, Chengannoor, Thiruvella, Mullakkal, Ambala-
puzha, Haripad and Mavelikara in the Ambalapuzha Dis¬
trict, Sreekanteswaram, Varkala. Vettikavila and Sarkara in
the Trivandrum District and Thiruvattar, Mandakad, Veli-
mala, Nagercoil, Kanniyakumari, .Suchindram and Thiru-
ppathisaram in tthe Suchindram District; to order the
transfer to Thiruvabharanam Register of valuables and
such other Nadavaravu articles as are considered worthy
of preservation; to dispose of in public auction ajl dead
trees as well as useless articles other than Thiruvabharanams,
: Bharanipatroms and Pattuparivattams such as unservice¬
able furniture to the book value of Rs. 25, ashes, cocoaput
shell, etc., provided that in cases where the auction amount
exceeds Rs. 25 the auction should be got confirmed by die
Assistant Commissioner or the Devaswom Commissioner as
the case may be ;
(iii) to sanction estimates for Maramath works up to Rs. 50 and re¬
pair of vessels etc., up to Rs. 5 at a time;
(iv) to engage contractors in auction for the disposal of [Sanchayam
articles ; in default of supply of paddy and other provisions
by contractors, to sanction local purchase up to a week’s
 108

supply subject to a maximum value of Rs. 200 at rates not

exceeding the market prices.
Note :—This will not affect the rules regarding powers over Santi-
kars usually appointed from the Palace and also over Japa-
dakshina employees other than those borne under establishment.
8. Monthly returns of punishments, suspensions and dismissals should
be obtained from the Superintendents and scrutinised and reviewed by
the Assistant Commissioners .'and those from Assistant Commissioners
should be obtained and scrutinised and reviewed by the Commissioner
respectively.
(By order)
N. Konjas Pillai,
Chief Secretary to Government.

To
1,. The Devaswom Commissioner..
2. The Account Officer.
3. The Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
4. The Division Peishkars.
5. The Commissioner, Devicolam.
6. The Gazette.
7- The Press Room.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 255135/Dev., dated 28-3-35 to the Devaswom

Commissioner.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 13367/34JP. D.,

dated the 12th February 1935, I have the honor to inform you that, as
recommended, Government sanction the period of absence of Vichara-
nadar from Rameswaram for 27 days from 15-3-10 to 9-4-10 for taking
Prasadam such as Koditheertham etc., to Valia Kottaram in connec¬
tion with the Birthday of His Highness the Maha Raja this year being
treated as on duty.
General sanction is also accorded to the Vicharanadar to proceed
to Trivandrum on duty for the above purpose when no other person
is available. The Vicharanadar should be distinctly told that no T. A,
will be allowed to him for such journeys.
 109

Letter Dis. No. 449135/Dev., dated the 6th June 1935 from the
Chief Secretary to Government to the Devaswom Commissioner, Tra-
vancore.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 8803/341 Acc., dated
2nd April 1935,1 have the honor to inform you that in the circumstances
stated, Government sanction the Superintendent of Devaswoms, Alleppey
Group, being permitted to maintain a country canoe to enable him to
claim the P. T. A.

Letter Dis. No. 567/35/Dev., dated the !0th July 1935 from the
Chief Secretary to Government to the Devaswom Commissioner, Tra-
vancore.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 5181/32/Acc., dated
23rd June 1935, I have the honor to inform you that in the circum¬
stances stated, Government sanction the Special Officer, Erumeli and
Paschima Devaswoms being conferred with the powers of a Group
Superintendent in respect of the Scheduled Devaswoms under his
control.

G. O. Dis. No. 874/36/Dev., dated 22-12-36 to the Devaswom

Commissioner.
' With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 9153/36!Acc., dated
the 27th December 1936, I have the honor to inform you that as desired,
Government sanction the Devaswom Commissioner being empowered to
purchase books for the Religious Library and for the Devaswoms within
the budget allotment for the purpose without special sanction.

CHAPTER IV.
ceremonies in devaswoms.

G. O. No. D. 4905, dated the 25th October 1912.

Reorganisation of DesasWoms.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF HIS

HIGHNESS THE MAHARAJA OF TRAVANCORE.
Read again: •
(I) The reports of Mr. M. K. Ramachandra Row on State
Charities, Devaswoms and Purificatory Ceremonies;
(2) The proceedings of the Conference of the Peishkars held from
the 10th to the 14th August 1908;
 110

(3) G. O. No. D. 1748, dated the 11 tii May 1909, passing final
orders on the revision of the State Charities;
Read also:
(4) Rules dated the 12th Mithunom 1055, regarding grants-in-
aid for the construction and repair of private temples;
(5) G.O.No. D. 1103datedthe6thKarkadagom 1083, abolish¬
ing Kudivellom (a gratuitous distribution of paddy) in the Suchindrum

(6) G. O. No. D. 1949, dated the 7th Chingom 1084, directing

the supply of milk to the Vaikom temple by the Moothathu, till the
disposal of the general question of such supplies by private persons’;
(7) G. O. No. D. 4073, dated the 4th Thulam 1085, abolish¬
ing adiyara for certain menial services in the Devaswoms;
(8) G. O. No. D. 4280, dated the 4th November 1909,
empowering the Peishcars to get certain services in the Devaswoms
performed by contractors;
(9) G. O. No. D. 1411, dated the 16th April 1911, enumerat¬
ing the Devaswoms and Oottu employees who alone will come under the
head of Establishment;
(10) G. O. No. D. 2013, dated the 23rd Edavom 1086, regard¬
ing the disposal of cattle received as nadaoaraoa in the Devaswoms;
(11) G. O. No. D. 2095, dated the 27th Edavom 1086, direct¬
ing the enfranchisement of the properties assigned to the Moothathus of
Thirunakkara for the supply of rice and jaggery to the Thirunakkara
temple, Kottayam taluk.
(12) G.O.No. ID. 2879, dated the 12th Karkadagom 1086,
regarding the utilisation of the monies received as nadaoaraeu in the
Vaikom and Ettumanur temples;
(13) G. O. No. D. 5067, dated the 4th October 1911, regard¬
ing appointment, pay, etc., of Sanlhicars in the Devaswoms;
(14) G. O. No. D. 5596, dated the I6th Vrischigom 1087,
directing that the Keezhetdu upayuktom paddy allowances should be
paid in kind only;
(15) G. O. No. D. 1864, dated the 27fh Meenom 1087, abolish¬
ing adiyara for certain menial services in die Devaswoms;
(16) G, O. No. D. 4240, dated the 8th October 1911, regarding
the use of elephants for processions in the Devaswoms;
(17) G. O. No. L R.& F. 3831, dated the 9th April 1912,
directing the separation of Devaswom lands from Sirkar lands throughout
the State; and
 Ill

(18) G. O. No. D. 3239, dated the 11th Mithunom 1087,

empowering all Tahsildars to appoint, suspend, dismiss, etc., certain
Devaswom employees.
Order thereon No.'D. 4905 dated, Tkivandedh, 25th
October 1912.

In their Order No. D. 1748, dated the 11th May 1909, His
Highness’ Government stated that Mr. Ramachandra Row’s report
consisted of three parts, viz., (1) State Charities, (2) Devaswoms, and
(3) Purificatory Ceremonies, and that each of the parts would be dealt
with separately. The Government have already passed final orders on
the revision of the State Charities. The changes therein directed came
into operation from 1085 u, e.
2. The management of the Sirkar Devaswoms has been an object
of grave concern to the Government for now a considerable length of
time. Since the receipt of Mr. Ramachandra Row’s report on
Devaswoms, the Government took up individually for consideration, and
have passed orders on several of the questions mentioned therein. It is
now necessary not only to bring together in one place all the orders
passed.from time to time, but also to deal with the outstanding questions,
to lay down a definite policy, and to give as far as possible detailed
instructions for the guidance of all officers.
3. Mr, Ramachandra Row deals with the Sirkar Devaswoms in
seven chapters. In the first three chapters, he explains how the
Devaswoms came under the management of the Sirkar, what relation
the Sirkar holds to the Devaswoms, what the endowments of the
Devaswoms were at the time of the assumption of 987 M. e. how far
that assumption has affected the financial position of the Devaswoms, and
how the Devaswoms are being administered at present. In the next
two chapters, Mr. Ramachandra Row makes his suggestions for the
improvement of the administration of the Devaswoms and for the revision
of their scale of expenditure. The financial results of his proposals
are given by him in chapter VI, and the report closes with a general
summary given in the last chapter.

I Assumption of the Devaswoms, and its result.

4. So long ago as 1875, the then Dewan, Mr. A. Seshia Sastri,
stated in his first Administration Report, that, before the assumption of
the Devaswoms by Colonel Munro, the Dewan Resident, in 987 m. e.
(J811 -12 A. P.), ‘‘the Stale had no concern with the management of
any temples.” In that year, “ the landed property of 378 temples was
assumed by the State and the management taken over. The other
minor temples, 1,171 in number, which had no property, were also
 112
assumed, either before or at that date. The expenditure, establishments
and the routine of ceremonies, rules for management, all were settled on
this occasion on a permanent basis." Mr. Ramachandra Row discusses
at length the nature and consequences of this act of assumption, and
points out that, while it has contributed, on the one hand, to the welfare
of the Devaswoms assumed, by preventing their landed properties from
being wasted like those of the private Devaswoms, the assumption has,
on the other hand, prejudiced the Devaswoms; for, by merging their
properties in those of the Sirkar, the notion has been created that the
Sirkar was making large profits out of the properties of the Devaswoms,
and this impression has tended to cool the interest of the people in the
maintenance of the Devaswoms in an efficient condition. Though no
Proclamation appears to have been issued, either at that time, or since,
defining the terms on which the Devaswoms and their properties were
assumed, Mr. Ramachandra Row, after a somewhat elaborate considera¬
tion of the question, records the conclusion that the relation of the
Government, to the Devaswoms must be deemed to be wholly that of a
trustee, and that therefore, the treatment of the Devaswom lauds on the
same footing as the Sirkar lands must be considered wrong. Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row also points out that, had it not been for this very wrong
step, the Devaswom should, after, the Revenue Settlement, have had
property yielding annually 18 lacs of paras of paddy and Rs. 80,000
in cash, the capitalised value of which, at 3 per cent, should be over
4 crores of rupees. Mr. Ramachandra Row thinks that, with the in¬
come from the Devaswom lands the Sirkar should have been making a
profit of 2 lacs of rupees, annually, after meeting the maintenance
charges of the Devaswoms. Even allowing that, on an average, about
a lac of rupees annually (out of the surplus) was being spent by the
Sirkar for periodical repairs to the Devaswom buildings, supply of
vessels, etc., there should have been, in Mr. Ramachandra Row’s
opinion, a saving of a lac of rupees per annum from the date of the as¬
sumption. Calculating the savings at this rate, Mr. Ramachandra Row
says that “the State may be said to be indebted to the Devaswoms to
die extent of a crore of rupees, which, at 3 per cent, will yield 3
lacs a year.”
5. At the Conference, there was considerable difference of
opinion' among the Peishkars in regard to the advisability and the
practicability of separating the Land Revenue of the Devaswoms, from
that of the Sirkar. The Senior Dewan Peishkar, Mr. S. Padmanabha
Iyer, considered that it would be good to keep the accounts separate as
a matter of policy. He also thought that the Government was not
justified, in any case, in utilising for general purposes, the surplus re¬
venues of the Devaswoms, Mr. Padmanabha Iyer was also of the
opinion that the separation could be made, though it involved some
 difficulty. Mr. N. Subratnonia Iyer doubted if the work would be
easy; he however felt that, in any case, the separation was objectless,
as the Government had as much right to control, and if necessary to
curtail, the expenditure on the Devaswoms, as they had in regard to the
expenditure on any other Department of the State, His Highness’
Government have given very anxious consideration to these difficult
questions. They would say, at the outset, that there is a fundamental
difference between their position in regard to the Religious Institutions
and that in regard to the Charitable ones. The Charitable Institutions,
mainly Oottupurus, are all unendowed, the only exceptions being the
Oottus at Parassala and Arienkavu, for each of which the Government
have fixed a scale of expenditure substantially in excess of the income
from its endowment. But among the Devaswoms, the Major ones, at
any rate, are all endowed ' institutions, and till the assumption of 987
M. e , the Sirkar had no direct concern with them. His Highness’
Government do not feel called upon, at this distance of time, to make
a pronouncement either on the justification or on the expediency of the
policy which was adopted in 987 m. e., of merging the Devaswom
Land Revenue into the Sirkar Land Revenue, a policy which was
persisted in down to the administration of Mr. V. Rama Aiyengar and
governed the Revenue Settlement introduced by that Dawan. Probably,
it was felt, at the time, that, as the Sovereign of a Hindu State was
entitled to, and indeed expected to maintain in an efficient condition,
the Hindu Religious Institutions of the State, it was objectless to keep
separate the receipts and expenditure of the Devaswoms from
the general accounts of the State. The Government, however,
feel that the time has now come when this policy requires to be revised.
They feel that, in the best interests of the State as well as of the
Devaswoms it is desirable that the public should know what exactly is
the revenue from the Devaswom lands and how far the maintenance of
the Devaswoms is met from their revenue. In the case of a few Devas¬
woms taken up by the Sirkar in recent years, the precaution has been
adopted of keeping their receipts and expenditure separate from the
general revenue and the general expenditure of the State. This however
hardly affects the main point in Mr. Ramachandra Row’s contention,
for the Devaswoms taken up in 987 M. e., constitute over 98 per cent of
the existing Sirkar Devaswoms, and it is with reference to this very
large number that the view has been pressed by Mr, Ramachandra Row
that the Sirkar is only a trustee and that it should, at least now, re ■
cognise its position as a trustee. The treatment, of the Devaswom lands
on the same footing as the Sirkar lands, has, in recent years, given
cause for grievance to the Plindu Community and it has also led to
some amount of misapprehension on the part of the non-Hindu com¬
munities in the State. In the last three Sessions of the Assembly, several
of the Hindu Members vehemently urged the necessity for separating
 114

the twoi kinds of properties and keeping separate accounts for them, so as
to safeguard, at any rate in the future, the interests of the DsvaswJmi;
and it was complained that the action of the Government in treating the
Devaswom lands as if they were Sirkar lands, was mainly responsible
for the—according to the Hindu Members—erroneous impression that the
Government had been spending large sums annually from the general
revenues towards the maintenance of the Hindu Religious Institutions,
while, in reality, according to the Members, the Government were
utilising, for their own purposes, the funds derived from the properties
of the Devaswoms. At the same time, there can be very little doubt
that, in the absence of all mention in the Administration Reports, of any
Devaswom Land Revenue, the impression is entertained by a large
number of people, that the expenditure incurred by the Government on
the Hindu Religious Institutions—aggregating to more than ten lacs of
Rupees per annum—is wholly met out of the funds derived from the
general tax-payer. Also, the inability of the Government, on the
data before them, to say, even roughly, what the probable revenue of
the Devaswom lands is, has handicapped them in dealing with the
criticisms levelled on the administration of the Devas wom Department in
the Assembly and elsewhere. While, on the one hand, such a cautious
officer as Mr. Ramachandra Row, after considering the information and
the materials before him, has recorded the conclusion that, far from the
general tax-payer having contributed anything to the support of the
Sirkar Devaswoms, the surplus revenues of the latter must be considered
to have been appropriated by the Sirkar for general purposes, to such an
extent that, if the Sirkar were now to refund what it has so appropriated,
the amount should be a crore of rupees, the Land Revenue Department
has on the other hand, after a preliminary enquiry, now put the Deva¬
swom Land Revenue only at three lacs of rupees, i. e., at about less
than a fourth of Mr. Ramachandra Row’s figure. It is obviously
undesirable that a state of doubt like this should exist in regard to such
an important matter. It is undesirable that there should be an appear¬
ance of a liability being thrown upon the general tax-payer when there is
none, or that the liability should appear to be much larger than itreally is.
The Government have, therefore, after careful consideration, in their
Order No. 383L dated the Qth April 1912, directed all Peishkars to '
take steps at once to separate the Devaswom lands from the Sirkar lands,
prepare an accurate list of the Devaswom lands for each pakuthi, with
the help of the settlement records and also ol such presettlement records
as may be available, etc. The separation will have effect from the 1st
Chingom I088|16th August 1912, the land revenue of the Devaswoms
being credited to the head of “Devaswoms’ from that date, and paltas
for the Devaswom lands being issued separate from the patlas for the
Sirkar lands, also from that date. The Government would, however,
mention that it is not now their intention to make any change, either in
 115

the tenure or in the assessment of the Devaswom lands. They recognise

that the Settement of the Devaswom lands already made, cannot be dis¬
turbed for the balance of the settlement period. But when the next
settlement is taken upitwill be the duty of the Government so to regulate it
in regard to the Devaswom lands that the Devaswoms should get the full
revenue due to them. The Government will bear in mind that their
position in regard to the Devaswom lands is fundamentally
different from their position in regard to the Sirkar lands. Also the
Government reserve to themselves the right to supplement the
Devaswom revenue, from the genera] revenues of the State, to
such an extent as may, at any 'time, be necessary to ensure the
efficient maintence of the Devaswoms. Independent^' of His Highhess
the Maha Raja’s undoubted right, to maintain out of the revenues of his
State, the Institutions of the Hindu Religion, there is the circumstance,
in regard to the Devaswoms taken up in V87 M, 10. by Colonel Munro,
that the Sirkar then, by a solemn act, undertook the obligation to main¬
tain them in an efficient condition for all time to come. This obligation
will always be borne in mind by the Government.
II. Management of the Devaswoms.
6. The. next point for consideration is the management of the
Devaswoms. Every Major Devaswom is nowlooked after by a Manager,
who is called differently S irkariakaran, Anaoal, Samudayam, Melma-
nushyam, Koimma, etc., according to the usage of each Devaswom,
assisted by Accountants and other subordinates. Every Minor Deva¬
swom is managed by the Proverthikaran of the P afyuthi in which it is
situated. The Manager and the Proverthikaran are. under the control
of the Tahsildar, who again is subordinate to the Division Peishkar.
There are also four Aminaiars (one for each of .the Revenue Divisions,
Devikulam excepted, of the State) whose duty it is to go round and
inspect all the Religious and Charitable Institutions in the
Division and submit reports of any defects found by them to the
Peishkar, Mr. Ramachandra RoW < characterises the management of
the Devaswoms generally as very .unsatisfactory. In Mr. Ramachandra
Row’s opinion, the Tahsildar is now so much burdened with his revenue,
magisterial, treasury and other miscellaneous work, that he actually finds
little time to bestow on the Devaswoms. Though the Tahsildar is ex¬
pected to visit all the Devaswoms in his jurisdiction once a month, this
is seldom done. The Tahsildar’s visits are generally confined to the
uisacams ot annual festivals. Not only does Mr. Ramachandra Row
find fault with the present system on the ground that the Tahsildars do
not devote sufficient time to their Devaswom work, but he finds fault
with the Peishkars generally for their very inadequate supervision over
the Devaswom administration. In Mr. Ramachandra Row’s words, '
neither the Tahsildars nor the Peishkars nowrecognise their Devaswom
work as a substantial item of their daily task. Mr. Ramachandra Row
 lib

concludes that it is absolutely necessary to remove the management of the

Religious and Charitable Institutions from the Tahsildars, to establish a
supervising agency for them, unconnected with the Peishkars, and, if
possible, to introduce a popular element into the administration of the
Devaswoms by the formation of Village and taluk Boards to help the
Sirkar officers in the management of the institutions. Mr. Ramichandra
Row is for organising a wholly separate department consisting of a Com¬
missioner, of the status of a Dewan Peishkar, with three Assistant Com¬
missioners and fourteen Superintendents, with the necessary ministerial and
menial establishments, costing altogether Rs. 47,000 per annum. If,
however, the organisation of a separate Devaswom Department is consi¬
dered inexpedient, Mr. Ramachandra Row would improve the existing
machinery by giving the Tahsildars special help, in the case of the
important Devaswoms, by the appointment of well-paid Managers, and
by lightening the other work of the Tahsildars. So far as the Peishkars
are concerned, Mr. Ramachandra Row recommends that the Govern¬
ment should insist on these officers bestowing a much closer attention to
the affairs of the Religious and Charitable Institutions in their charge,
than they have been hitherto doing, and he specifically suggests surprise
visits by the Peishkars as likely to be productive of much good.

7. In the Conference, the Peishkars Were agreed that the Tahsildar

should continue in charge of the Devaswoms and the Oottus, but they
thought it necessary to give him some relief in the administration of the
larger Devaswoms by appointing a special Manager for each of them,
to whom the Tahsildar could look for help, and in the case of the minor
ones, by the appointment of an Aminadar for a group of such Devaswoms.
Opinion was divided as to the necessity for the appointment of a
Commissioner to control the administration of all the Religious and
Charitable Institutions in the State. Some thought it advisable to re¬
lieve the Peishkars wholly of their Devaswom duties, by the appointment
of such a full-timed officer, while others urged that one officer by himself
could not exercise any control worth the name over all the Devaswoms
and Charities in the whole State. While His Highness’ Government
recognise that there is considerable force in the view advanced by
Mr. Ramachandra Row that the management and control of the Reli¬
gious and Charitable Institutions should be wholly taken away from the
Peishkars and the Tahsildars, they feel that a large recurring liability of
about half a lac of rupees per annum, such as would be required for
the organisation of an independent Devaswom Department, should not
be thrown on the State unless it is absolutely necessary. Also, it is
unlikely that a single officer, even of the ' status of a Dewan Peishkar,
will be able to supervise effectively the administration of all the Deva¬
swoms and Charities, so numerous and so widely scattered all over the
State. The intervention of the Tahsildar is probably in Jany case
inevitable; if so.it is as well that tbe Tahsildar should be controlled in
his Devaswom work by his own Division Peishkar. The Government
feel that, before they give up finally the present system of management of
the Devaswoms and Charities by the Tahsildars and Peishkars, as
unworkable, they should make a strenuous endeavour to improve the
system. It is by no means certain that the system itself is wholly re¬
sponsible for the slack administration that characterised the management
of the institutions till recently. The appointment of Stationary Magis¬
trates in some of the taluks where the work of the Tahsildar is heavy,
and the appointment of the Deputy Tahsildar as the ex-officio Head
Accountant and as such mainly responsible for the treasury work in all
taluks, should have reduced the Tahsiidar’s daily work. The Tahsil¬
dar should, therefore, have sufficient time, in most places, to attend to
the work connected with the management of the Devaswoms and Chari¬
ties. Where relief is still needed, the Government are prepared to give
it by more appointments of Stationary Magistrates. In regard to the
suggestion of Mr. Ramachandra Row that, in the case of the larger
Devaswoms the appointment of a separate Manager or Aminadar for each
of them, may, with advantage, be resorted to, the Government note that
this experiment has been tried in the case of the Vaikom Devaswom,
where it has by no means been an unqualified success. Even in the case
of the larger Devaswoms. whose effective supervision would take several
hours a day. the policy should be not to add to the existing staff by the
addition of a Manager or Aminadar, but so to improve the pay of the head¬
man—Srikariakamn> Amaoal &c., [as to make him really helpful to the
Tahsildar. It is not that the Government grudge to give relief to the
Tahsildar, but they feel that the relief should be given by an imprvement
of the existing staff -of Srik^ria\ars, Anaoah, etc., not by creating new
appointments, such as was done in Vaikom. It should not be forgotten
that, when the paxhims of the Devaswoms are revised and fixed, the task
of administration will be considerably lightened, and if, in each of the
larger Devaswoms, one or two of the existing men are put on a footing
such as would make them really helpful to the Tahsildar, the .task of the
latter is bound to be comparatively easy. His Highness’ Government
must insist on the Dewan Peishkars seeing that due attention is paid by
every Tahsildar to the management of the Sirkar Devaswoms and
Charities in his taluk. Each Peishkar should frame, and submit for the
sanction of the Government, detailed rules for the guidance of his Tahsil¬
dars and the Devaswom and Oottu subordinates, regarding their duties,
responsibilities, hours of attendance, supply of provisions, the returns to
be furnished, etc., The Account Officer should prepare and submit
rules in regard to the accounts to be kept in the Devaswoms and Oottus,
the forms in which they should be kept, the nature of audit of these
accounts, etc.. Frequent visits to the institutions by the _ Tahsildars and
the . Peishkars, and especially surprise visits by the Peishkars. and
 118

scrutiny on the spot of the work of the subordinates, are bound to go a

long way towards checking the irregularities so much complained of by
Mr. Ramachandra Row.
Ill. Pathiuus fur the Deoaswoms.
8. A question of the most vital importance for the Devaswoms is
the fixing of their pathivm, i■ e., the scale of expenditure for the daily,
occasional, and extraordinary ceremonies. Before proceeding to consider
the principles which should be adopted in fixing the pathiuus, it is neces¬
sary to have a clear conception of the nature of the inisitutions and of
the ceremonies for which the pathivus have to be fixed.
9. (i) Classification of the Deoaswoms. The distinction has
already been incidentally referred to—oWe para 5 supra—between the
large majority of the Sirkar Devaswoms whose revenue and expenditure
have wholly merged in the general revenue and the general expenditure,
and the few in regard to which the precaution has happily been taken of
keeping their accounts separate from the general accounts of the State.
The Devaswoms of the former class are divisible into two classes,
ijfe., Ezhathitheeruoa and Ezhulhitheeruoaillatha. ' The Ezhuthitheemua
Devaswoms, otherwise called Major Devaswoms, are those for which a
detailed account of expenditure is kept. The Ezhuthitheeruaiilalha
Devaswoms, also called Minor Devaswoms, are those for which no
detailed account of expenditure is kept but which are maintained out of
fixed annual grants. This distinction appears to have been made from the
time of the general assumption, on the ground that the Major Devaswoms
had landed properties while the Minor ones had none. There is yet
another classification of the Sirkar Devaswoms, oiz., - into Pradhana or
chief and Keezheedu of subordinate Devaswoms, based on the prin¬
ciple of grouping several smaller Devaswoms under one important and
chief Devasworn for purpose of administration. The Peishkars should
prepare and submit to the Government, complete and separate lists of
the existing Major and Minor Devaswoms, and also of the few
Devaswoms for which completely separate accounts are maintained of
the income as well as of the expenditure.
10. From the time of the classification of the Devaswoms into
Major and Minor ones, a fundamental difference was observed in fixing
the - pathicus for each of the two classes, While for each Major
Devaswom, there was fixed a pathiau for each ceremony in it, daily or
occasional, each of the Minor Devaswoms was allowed only a total
fixed annual grant- for all its ceremonies. This distinction should, in
the opinion of the Government, continue Though there have been a
' few cases, since the assumption in 987 M.E., of Minor Devaswoms being
transferred to the head of Major, the Government would deprecate
 119

a change like that in any case in the future. In the case of the Devaswoms
which may, at any future time, come under the management of the
Sirkar, either by escheat or under the Hindu Religious Endowments
Regulation (III of 1079) or otherwise, the policy will be to keep their
receipts and expenditure wholly out of the general accounts of the
State.
11. (ii) Ceremonies in the Deoaswoms.—The next point for
consideration is the nature of the ceremonies for which pathious have to be
fixed. The ceremonies performed in the Devaswoms may be classified
into ordinary and extraordinary. The ordinary ceremonies consist of
the nityanidanm or daily ceremonies, the masasotseshom or special
ceremonies conducted on specified days in a month, the attaoiseshom or
special ceremonies conducted on specified days in a year, and the
uisaoom or special annual festivals, continuing for a specified number
of days, with feastings, processions, sports,etc. Under the nityanidanom
come the daily abhishekom, naoakom, pooja, nioedyom, sribeli and
namaskaram. Under masaoisehom come the special offerings made on
specified days in each month, such as the Dwadasi, Thiruoonam, Prado-
shorn, Friday, Newmoon, etc. Under attaoiseshom, may be mentioned the
special offerings on Sioaratri, Vishu, Ashlami Rohini, Nira and Puthari,
His Highness the Maharaja’s Birthday, Karliga, etc. The uisaoom is
celebrated in some temples only once in the year; in others, however,
there are two, three and even four ulscaoms in a year. The
duration of the uisaoom also varies, from 8 to 28 days; it
usually continues for ten days. By extraordinary ceremonies
are meant those which are performed only once in the way. Among
them may be mentioned the sudhy, i. e., the purificatory ceremony to
remove pollution contracted accidentally or by repairs and such other
works, the kfllasom or ceremony connected with the removal of the
Bimbom or the refixing of the same, (the] prathishta or consecration of
the Bimbom, the dhwajapralhishta or the erection and the consecration
of the flag staff, etc.

12- (iii) General principles forj fixing the pathious. —The pathious
for the Devaswoms assumed in 987 M. E. were finally fixed by Colonel
Munro in 994 M. e. The pathious then fixed were both in kind and in
cash. Not only were the quantities of grain and other provisions fixed
then for the daily and the periodical services and for the festivals, but a
pathiou value in cash for provisions was also settled. Mr. Rama-
chandra Row opines that it would be unreasonable to hold that the
intention of those who framed the pathious in 994 m. e, was to fix the
money allotments for provisions permanently without reserving to the
Devaswoms the right to claim additional allotments in consequence of the
general increase in the market rates. He points out that this difficulty
does, not arise in the case of rice, as paddy has always been supplied in
 120

kind, formerly from the Sirkar Nelpuras, and, after the abolition of
taxation in kind, through contractors. Mr. Ramachandra Row finds
that the pathious fixed in 994 M. e. were neither drawn up with any
degree of accuracy nor under proper supervision. They are glaringly
defective in some instances in which some of the most absolutely necessary
articles of provisions are omitted. Mr. Ramachandra Row points out
that, in spite of the considerable advance in the market prices, the fiction
is even today maintained that the quantity of provisions is being supplied
at the pathiou cost fixed in 994 M. e. This has given rise in practice to
the growth of a system of account keeping which is extremely misleading.
The fiction of supplying the pathiou quantities of provisions is maintained,
and against the difference between the market price for the articles and
the pathiou price fixed in 994 m. e., all unexpended balances, called
chilaoumichom, are set off. But, as often as not, these credits hardly
cover the excess charges. An entry is then made in the accounts that
the balance has been struck off for want of funds. That an absurd
system like that should breed fraud and misappropriation need hardly be
a matter for surprise. Even the system of partial compensation for the
higher prices of articles is not allowed to all the Devaswoms.

The Minor Devaswoms have never enjoyed the privilege. The

majority of the Devaswoms in the central and northern taluks of the State
do not get any chilaoumichom. Among the Major Devaswoms in
South Travancore, in the Suchindrum temple alone has the actual value
for the provisions supplied been always allowed. Some other
Devaswoms are allowed compensation only to the extent of stoppages
and the unexpended balances in the pathious. In the opinion of His
Highness’ Government, there is considerable force in what Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row says regarding the pathious generally. There can be no
doubt that the pathious fixed in 994 it. e. require considerable revision.
The fundamental difference in the matter of expenditure, between the
Major and Minor Devaswoms will be maintained. The pathious ot the
Major Devaswoms will first be considered,
13. (iv) Major Devaswoms. (a) Nilyanidanom. The nilyanidanom
or daily ceremonies differ according to the importance, custom and usage
of each Devaswom. The chief of these ceremonies are (1) the
abhishefcom, (2) the nioedyom, (3) the pooja, (4) the sribeli, and
(5) the namaskarom.
14. Mr. Ramachandra Row says that the tiioedyoms cannot be re¬
duced in quantity. “ The belief is that the virtue of a pagoda is
proportionate to the quantity of the “ nioedyom offering ”. Mr. Rama-
chandraRow points out that there are two ways in which the existing
pathiou could be revised, viz., either by reducing the quantities of the
articles to what could be procured for the money pathiou fixed in 994 it, is- •
 121

or by raising tbe money allotment to what is now required for purchase

ing the quantities fixed in 994 si. e. He proposes that the former
method of revision be adopted in the case of the unimportant Devaswoms
and the latter in the case of the important ones. Mr. Ramachandra Row
would classify the Major Devaswoms into four classes according to
their importance, the style of their expenditure, and the number of
devotees they attract, and he proposes that the scale for the nityanidanom
in the first class Devaswoms alone be fixed in quantities of provisions,
the scale for all services in the second, third and fourth classes being, fixed
in money, subject to revision every seven, fourteen, or thirty years respec¬
tively. Hence, according to him, the provisions required for a first class
Devaswom should be bought in full at market value, while in a
Devaswom of the second, third or fourth class, such quantity alone need
be supplied as could be purchased for the amount arrived at by commut¬
ing the old pathivu allotment in paddy into money at the rate of 1 1 chs
per pat'a. Mr. Ramachandra Row would, however, on no account,
have the quantity of the nivedyom rice in any Devaswom reduced, n'or
the number of the namaskaroms, originally fixed. In the case of the
namaskaroms, Mr. Ramachandra Row thinks that the original pathivu of
three nazhies of rice per person may be reduced to two nazhies, the
cost of provisions being calculated at eight cash per head per meal.
15. The Peishkars agree generally with the suggestions of
Mr. Ramachandra Row; the majority would fix the palhiuus for the
nityanidanam in all Devaswoms in cash on the basis of the present
market rates, subject to revision at fixed intervals.
16. His Highness’ Government have carefully considered the above
suggestions and they resolve that the pathivus for both rice and other pro¬
visions for the nityanidanam in all the Major Devaswoms should be
fixed in kind. The rice for the nioedyam should be invariably fixed at
the same quantity as was fixed tn 994 M. E. In regard to the sub¬
sidiary articles, such as sugar, ghee,'^jaggery, etc, the present day .needs
should be ascertained by eareful enquiry and the scale fixed for each
Devaswom, In Appendix AA attached to his report, Mr, Ramachandra
Row gives, after a very careful examination, the quantities of'the sub¬
sidiary articles required for each particular purpose. The information
given there should be freely utilised by the Peishkars in framing the
revised ‘pathivus. For all supplies made to the Devaswoms, the Go¬
vernment consider that the contract or nirak. price should in future be
given. H should not be forgotten that the sanctity of a Devaswom
mainly rests on the due performance of the daily ceremonies. Where'
namaskaroms exist, they should be maintained intact- 'The number
should not be reduced, but the pathivu may be fixed, "as proposed by
Mr. Ramachandra Row, at the rate of two nazhies 'of rice and eight
cash for ether provisions, per head per meal. If, for want of persons to
 122
partake of the meals, or on account of sadya or other cause, there is
saving in the namaskatom cooked rice, the surplus should be sold and
credited in the accounts.
1 7. All pathhus in kind for the Devaswoms should in future, be
fixed according to the standard weights and measures. Mr. Rama-
chandra Row says that the rice for nityanidanam was formeily fixed in
terms of the chandra para, then in use, of 640 cubic inches. So also,
in regard to other provisions, the quantity was fixed as per chandra-nazhi,
thutom,'etc. In the revised pa*hious the quantities should be converted
into terms of the present standard weights and measures.
18. At present, only the paddy required for converting into rice is
obtained on contract. The other pr ovisions are, for some Devaswoms,
obtained on contract, but in the majority of them, they are supplied by
the Devaswom subordinates, by local purchase for the value fixed in
994 m. E. The Government think that, in future, the supply of all
articles, including paddy, should invariably be given out on contract and
the supplies paid for according to contract rates. Departmental purchses
at niralf rates should not be resorted to, except when no contractors
are forthcoming. As the Government are now allowing the payment of
the full value for all supplies, instead of the old obsolete pathim value,
it should not, in the opinion of the Government, be difficult to secure
suitable contractors. Every Peishkar should see that the contracts fora
year are given out sufficiently early during the previous year, so as ti
enable him to frame a correct estimate of the expenditure for the suc¬
ceeding year.
19. The Government note that, in some Devaswoms, some of the
articles for the nityanidanam, such as milk, malar, flowers, firewood,
rice, jaggery, etc., are supplied by private individuals. Some of these
individuals make the supply in consideration of holding landed properties-
or getting thiruppuaarom, nadaoaram cattle, or other income from the
Devaswoms. Lately, the Moothathus of the Thirunakkara temple in the
Kottayam taluk refused to supply rice and jaggery to the temple as usual,
in return for the oiruthi lands held by them, and the Government had to
enfranchise thosedands and to fix a palhivu for the supply (Fide No. 2095
dated the 27th Edavom 1086). Similarly, the Moothathus of the Vaikom
temple have complained about the difficulty of making the usual supply of
milk for payasom to the temple; they have been ordered to make the
supply as usual, pending the decision of the general question. These
and other instances go to show that the practice of private people making
supplies for the nityanidanam is not likely to work satisfactorily in the
future, and that the system is bound to give increasing trouble. The
Government therefore resolve that all supplies by private individuals, for
the niiyanidanam, except when they are made quite voluntarily, should
absolutely cease, and that the lands or other emoluments assigned for
 123

the purpose should be enfranchised and the revenue or income set apart
for the supply credited to the Devaswoms. All articles needed for the
nilyanidanam should hereafter be obtained from contractors or by local
purchase. In regard to the supplies, if any, made voluntarily, private
individuals may be allowed to continue the same ; but should a private
individual fail to do it, and if the supply relates to an article included in
the pathivu, it should, of course, be supplied and paid for by the Sirkar.
20. Mr. Ramachandra Row points out that in the pathtous of
almost all the Devaswoms, no provision was made in 994 M. e. for
firewood. In a few Devaswoms, an allowance was provided for cutting
fuel : in a few others the duty of supplying fuel was imposed on the
hereditary servants of the Devaswom. The Government have had
recently to sanction the cost of supplying fuel to some Devaswoms on the
recommendation of the Peishkars. The want of provision for firewood
is an omission which has to be supplied. The Government consider that
separate provision should now be made for firewood in all the Devaswoms.
21 (b) Masaviseshom and Attaoiseshcm: - These are as already
stated, special ceremonies conducted on specified days in a month or in
a year. Mr. Ramachandra Row points out that these ceremonies are of
secondary importance as compared with the nilyanidanam and he re¬
commends that the pathiuus for these may be fixed in cash by taking a
standard money valuation for the articlea.now supplied. The majority
of the Peishcars also agree to this proposal. The Government direct
that the pathivUs for the masaoiseshom and the altaoheshom should all be
fixed in cash, based on a careful calculation of the articles supplied
during the last three years and on the actual money expenditure incurred
for the purpose. It should, however, be borne in mind that, out of the
cash pathivus so fixed, the special poojas should be done without any
reduction, as these poojas are of the same importance as the nilya-
nidanom.
•22. (c) Utsaoom. The annual festivals in the Devaswoms run on
for a consecutive number of days, varying from 8 to 28 days. There
are, as already stated, one to four utsaooms in a year in some Devas¬
woms. The ceremonies for the utsavom may be broadly divided into
two parts, namely, the a^atheypadilharom or the religious, and the pura-
Iheypadilharom or the secular part. The religious portion consists of
special services done within the temple. The secular portion consists of
the feasts, processions, sports, etc., for the entertainment of the devotees
who gather on such occasions. Mr. Ramachandra Row finds that there
is a great deal of waste and unnecessary expenditure for the ukaoams
that reduction is necessary in the expenditure on amusements, sadya,
pakatcha, oil, presents, etc. He attributes the extravagant expenditure
to the practice of some local officers keeping on the processions for in¬
ordinate lengths of time, and also needlessly spending largely on feasts,
 124

hiring a large number of elephants, adding to the number of torchlights,

getting down special musicians, acrobats, and other performers.
Mr. Ramachandra Row recommends that the pathiou for the Arangit-
faars i. e., the musicians, acrobats, and other performers, should be fixed
in cash, calculating the value of paddy at the commutation rate (for the
pathivu rice) and by adding to it the pathiou in cash- The pathiou for
the sadya is in almost all institutions a big one. Mr. Ramachandra
Row alludes to the practice of the local officers appropriating from the
funds for the sadya the sums required for the amusements. The pa\ar-
c/td or supply of cooked food is said to be answerable for much abuse.
The consumption of oil in some Devaswoms for the ‘send and for the
processions by prolonging them far into the night, and sometimes till .
almost day break, rose so much that, recently, the Government had to
curtail the quantity. The majority of the Peishcars accept the sugges¬
tions of Mr. Ramachandra Row.
23. His Highness1 Government have no doubt that there is much of
avoidable expenditure, if not of culpable waste, in the utsacoms, owing
mainly to the want of proper control. During the last three years, the
Government have been tentatively trying to reduce expenditure by fixing
a money allotment for each utsaoom. That it has been found possible
to keep the expenditure within the allotment, proves that the local
officers, if they would only pay due attention, could considerably bring
down the expenditure. The -Government resolve that, in future, the
paihious for the utsaooms should be fixed wholly in cash. In fixing the
pathious, no reduction should be made in the akatheypaditharom or
religious portion of the ceremony. The expenditure for the afyathey-
padithafom should always be deemed a first charge on the money allot¬
ment which may be fixed for the entire utsaoom. The secular cere¬
mony or puratheypaditharom stands on a different footing. It may be
fixed with reference to the actual expenditure for the last three years.
Reduction in the quantity of rice for the sodya may not be quite possible
in such important temples as Suchindrum, Thiruvattar, Vaikom, Annba-
lapuzha, Haripad and Ettumanur. But even there, by close and effici¬
ent supervision, much of the waste could be minimised. Ordinarily,
for the sadya, the average quantity of rice actually spent for the last three
years may be taken as the basis and calculated at ten fanams per para.
For other provisions, for the important Devaswoms noted supra, the
rate may be calculated at Rs. 3 per para, and for the remaining temples
at Rs. Z per para of rice. The pahflrcha should be confined to the
Tantries, Sthanies, and such persons as have a duty to perform in the
Devaswom in connnction with the utsaoom, if they are allowed the
privilege now. AH those who are now fed in the sadya may be fed in
future also. No one in whose favour there is no Government order in
support shoujd however be given k°PP‘~h ’■ e-> rice and provisions. A
 i 25
list of the Pa\archa\ars and Koppukars should be prepared and sub¬
mitted for the approval of the Government. The disbursement of the
swayampakom, wherever it is given now, should be guided by the prin¬
ciples laid down for the Oottupuras. The expenditure on the Arangu-
kars should not exceed the amount arrived at by calculating the pathiou
in kind at eleven chackrams per para of paddy plus the pathiou allow¬
ance in cash. The consumption of oil, the number of elephants hired,
etc., should be reduced to the absolute minimum. The average cost for
oil may be calculated at Rs, 6 per standard para. Mr. Ramachandra
Row recommends the use of kerosine oil for the outside process ions.
This cannot be done.
24. In some Devaswoms, it is the practice for private individuals to
bear the charges for the festival on certain days of the utsaoom. These
are known by the name of ahassus. Some of these persons satisfactorily
perform their ahassus, while others omit to do so. The Sircar now
generally conducts the ahassus which private individuals omit to per¬
form, and it realises the cost from the allowances, if any, due to the in¬
dividuals from the Devaswoms, so far as that could be done, the irrecover-"
able balance being debited to the Sirkar, The Government consider that,
in future, the Sirkar should not ordinarily conduct an ahassu which a
privateperson has been conducting but has since ceased to do ; but if
however, in any case, the ahassu is considered an essential portion of the
Ulsaoam and the Sirkar has therefore to do it, it should be done as eco¬
nomically as possible. When there is an allowance given to a person who
has to conduct an afiassu, the expenditure should not orninarily exceed
that allowance.
25. All services formerly done by the Viruthlkars or Gramakai's for
the utsaoom and other occasional ceremonies in the Devaswoms, are now
mostly done by contractors. The Government have already, in their
order No. 4280, dated the 4th November 1909, empowered the
Peishcars to give these services on contract. The service will continue
to be done on contract in future also.
26. (v) Minor Devaswoms. The Minor Devaswoms are now
being maintained with the lump allotments in money and in kind fixed
for them in 994 m. k. No separate pathiou exists in a Minor Devas-
wom for each ceremony. Mr. Ramachandra Row does not suggest any
enhancement of the palhiuus of the Minor Devaswoms, as they had no
lands of their own at the time of the assumption. The Government agree
with Mr. Ramachandra Row thatithe existing lump pathious may be conti¬
nued to the Minor Devaswoms without change, that is to say, what is
now given in kind and in cash may be continued in kind and in cash in
future also.
27. There are some Private Devaswoms not under the management
9f the Sirkar, but receiving grants-in-aid from the Government. These
 12 6
are now erroneously classed under the head of Minor Devaswoms. A
list of the Private Devaswoms erroneously classed under the Minor
Devaswoms should be prepared and submitted to the Government
by each Peishkar, The Government consider that these Private
Devaswoms should be separated from the purely Sirkar Minor Devas¬
woms and the allotments now given to the former included under the
head ‘grants to Private Devaswoms’. These grants should be fixed
wholly in cash, calculating the existing paddy allowance at 14ch.per
para, as recommended by Mr. Ramachandra Row.
28. ■ When dealing with the Minor Devaswoms, Mr. Ramachandra
Row animadverts on the practice of Tahsildars drawing the pathiou
allotments for Devaswoms which have long ceased to exist, or where
the Bimbom is missing, or where the pooja is not actually performed.
He states that most of the Tahsildars failed to supply him with infor-
mation on this matter, But from what information he had Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row found that, in Nedumangad taluk alone, there were fourteen
temples where no pooja was being performed. He therefore proposes
that an actual inspection should be made of all the Minor Devaswoms
by responsible officers in order to see for which of them alone allotments
should be made in the revised palhious. In the Eighth Session of the
Assembly, Mr. .Subramonian Mootbathu, Member, ' Thiruvella taluk,
alluded to the practice of drawing the pathicu allotments for the Devas¬
woms where no pooja was being actually performed. He has also since
furnished a list of such Devaswoms ’in the Thiruvella taluk. The
Government consider that the Peishkars should at once arrange for the
inspection of all the Minor Devaswoms in the State and report the
names of those where the allotments should be stopped owing to the
non-existence of the temple, or of the Bimbom, or the discontinuance of
the pooja for a long time, or the inacessibility of the place, etc.
29. <vi) Deoaswoms kept out of the general accounts.—Reference
has already been made to tbe few Sirkar Devaswoms whose receipts
and expenditure are now kept wholly separate from the general revenue
and the general expenditure of the State. Most of these Devaswoms have
personal deposit accounts with the treasury, His Highness’ Government
consider that this system should not be distrubed. The palhious for these
Devaswoms need not be altered unless in any case it be found necessary
to revise tbe scale of expenditure so as to bring it within the revenue.
The Account Officer is requested to report what rules are in force, or are
proposed to be enacted, to secure an efficient audit of the receipts and
expenditure of these Devaswoms.
30. (vii) Extraordinary ceremonies.—The principles on which the
pathious for ordinary ceremonies for the several classes of Devaswoms
should be fixed have been indicated supra. As regards the exraordinary
ceremonies, the palhiou for each will generally depend upon’the nature
 127

of the nimitham or the reason for the ceremony, and the importance,
custom, usage and precedents of the Devaswom- The principles which
should be observed in fixing the palkUPs for these ceremonies will be
indicated in detail when the Government deal with the third part of
Mr. Ramachandra Row’s report namely, that on Purificatory Ceremonies.
There are however, two points which immediately concern the admini-
tration of the Devaswoms and which have to be dealt with here.

31. (1) Recovery of the, cost of Sudhis.—Pollution is sometimes

caused to a Devaswom by an act or omission of a private .individual or
of a Sirkar servant. When a pollution is caused, the performance of a
purificatory ceremony becomes imperative ; and as the matter is generally
urgent, the Sirkar is obliged to have the ceremony, performed by
advancing the amount required, the amount so spent being recovered
later on from the defaulter. Though it may be possible, in the case
of a ^Devaswom subordinate, to realise the amount from any sum due
to him as pay etc,, yet the pay may sometimes be too small to
admit of that method being always adopted, also, the procedure
is obviously inapplicable to private individuals. The Sirkar
could, in the case of the latter, recover the amount only by
a regular civil suit. This is not only a laborious process, but, by the
time action is taken through the Court, the party at fault gains sufficient
time to evade the liability. Further, in some instances, the amount in¬
volved may be too small to go through all the procedure required for
claiming it in a Court of Law. In the result, the Sirkar has to forego
the amount, and in this way, large amounts are now being annually
written off the accounts by the Government. It is probably necessary
as suggested by the Peishkars, to introduce a summary procedure to
recover charges like these from the defaulters under the Revenue
Recovery Regulation. The matter will be further considered in the
Legislative Department.

32. (2) Relation of the Tantries to the Deoasvjorns: —Another

matter which deserves mention here is the relation of the Tantries
to the Devaswoms. The Tantries are the Chief Priests of the Deva-
swoms. Therighttoa Tanlram is ordinarily hereditary or karanma
to a particular family. A family holds the tantram in two ways, either
because it has been enjoying the privilege for a long time, or because it
has received it by a Royal Neet. Tantries are limited in number,
and many of them hold the tantram of several Devaswoms. A list
of the existing Tantries and the Devaswoms over which they have the
tantram at present, should be prepared and submitted to the Government
by each Peishkar.
 128

33- The Ton Wes do not officiate in the daily services except in a
few important Devaswoms. They officiate for the utsaooms and other
occasional ceremonies and for the extraordinary ceremonies. For each
extrordinary ceremony, the Tantri forwards an estimate or paditharom
prepared for the occasion. An examination of the paditharoms has
brought to light starting variations in the nature of the services, the quantity
of provisions and the dakshina or remuneration due to the Tanlri, for
not only the same ceremony in different Devaswom, ,but even for the
same ceremony in the same Devaswom but on different occasions. In
short, the paditharoms seem at present to follow no principle of any
kind; they vary according to the Devaswom, the occasion, and the view
of the particular Tantri who sends the paditharom. Some Tantries
have, in the past, attempted to arrogate to themselves the exclusive right
of fixing the paditharom finally, so much so, that they would even at
times refuse to perform the service unless their estimates were sanc¬
tioned unchanged. The Government have , in some instances, in recent
years, been obliged to threaten Tanlries with removal. His Highness’
Government wish it to be distinctly understood that a Tantri, so long
as he holds the tantram in a Sirkar Devaswom, is as much subordinate
to the control of the Government, in so far as that work is concerned, as
any other subordinate of the Devaswom, and he is bound by any rules
appertaining to his position, which the Government may lay down,
if a Tantri fails to realise this and if he acts in a manner obnoxious to the
Government, he is liable to be removed in the same manner as any
other subordinate. Every paditharom for an extraordinary ceremony
received from a Tantri should, in future, be subjected to the. most
scrupulous examination in the Taluk and Division offices, with the help
of precedents, and also of other Tantries, if necessary, before it is
submitted to the Government. All variations should be noted, and the
explanation of th Tantri, who drafted the paditharom should be
obtained on each variation before his charges are admitted. No
communication should, in future, be made by a Devaswom subordinate
to a Tantri direct. All matters requiring a reference to the Tantri
should be reported to the Tahsildar of the taluk who, after, satisfying
himself of the need for such a reference, should take the necessary

34. In regard to the anuhhaoom or remuneration given to the

Tantri, the Government note that, in some Devaswoms, he gets re¬
muneration only for the occasional or extraordinary cermonies, while in
others, he is also given a monthly allowance, The remuneration is
sometimes in kind and sometimes in cash. The allowances formerly
disbursed in kind have, since the abolition of taxation in kind, been
mostly commuted into cash at the rate of II chs, per para of paddy.
Complaints have been made by several Tantries in regard to this matter,
and it is therefore necessary to lay down definitely how the allowances
 129

should be disbursed in future. All allowances which formerly were givetl

in kind, should, as a general rule, be converted into cash payments,
paddy being calculated at ! 4 chs. per para and rice at 10 fanams per
para. For provisions, a value in cash should be fixed, taking into
account the articles allowed in each case. Exception should, however,
be made in the case of allowance in kind given to the Tantri from the
nioedyom, keezheedu and other articles given after use in the' Deva-
swom and the pakarcha for the ulsaoom and other occasional and
extraordinary ceremonies. These latter may be continued to be given
in kind, if the Tantri is present at the spot. The Peishkars should
submit, for the sanction of the Government, statements showing the
existing allowances to the Tantries and the pathiou in cash to be
fixed in lieu thereof.
IV. Sanlhikars-
35. The ordinary ceremonies in the Devaswoms are conducted by
the Sanlhikars or Poojaries. His Highness' Government have
already passed final orders regarding Sanlhikars in G. O. No. 5067,
dated the 4th October 1911. The G. O. is appended to this order.
It will be noted therefrom that the system of adiyara and of auctioning
the S anthi service for a fixed term have been orderd to be abolished,
and that rules have been laid down for the choice of Sanlhikars and
also as to bow they should be remunerated. Action should be taken
in the matter accordingly.
V. Devaswom subordinates, their duties and responsibilities.
36. As already stated, the Tahsildar is the head of all the Sirkar
Devaswoms in the taluk, and all Devaswom subordinates should be
made to recognise him as such. Under the orders of the Tahsildar,
the actual management of a Major Devaswom is looked after by an
officer designated variously as Manager, Anacal, S rikariakaran,
Vicharippukaran, Koimma, Manushyom, Samudayom, etc., according
to local usage. The Devaswom servants are all under the Manager’s
orders. The subordinates consist of Sthana\anakkus, Afyathey
kanakkus, Muthalpidies, Chandrakarans, Pillamars, Masappadies,
etc. In important Devaswoms, there are several subordinates;
but in the smaller ones, only one or two. There are also per¬
sons who perform various menial services in the Devaswoms such as
Kazhakakars, Kanganis, Vadyakars. Achimars, Kaoalkars, Sandal-
preparers, Umbrella-bearers, etc. Most of the Devaswom subordinates
are remunerated in kind from the nioedyom cooked rice and the namas-
karom food. Some of the subordinates had formerly meals in the
adjacent Oottus and also allowances in paddy or rice from the same
source. After the revision of the pathious for the Oottus, however, the
latter kind of remuneration is generally given in cash and debited to the
Devaswoms. A few of the Devaswom subordinates have small monthly
pay in cash. Some of the services are Karanma i. e„ hereditary to
 '(30

certain families. Some of the persons had formerly heen granted landed
property or thiruppucarom for the performance of the services. For
some services, the men are appointed by Tantries or Sthanies, such as
the Tharananallur Namboorippad, the Vanjipuzha Chief, the Thekke-
dathu Bhattathiri, etc. Mr. Ramachandra Row points out that these
latter, viz., the persons appointed by the Tantries, etc., are not generally
obedient to the chief officers of the Devaswoms. He also says that, in
many instances, the properties given for services in the Devaswoms have
been alienated by the holders, and that, in the settlement, the viruthi
lands have been converted into paliom. Mr. Ramachandra Row also
refers to the system of levying the adyara or fee for holding a menial
service in a Devaswom and he proposes the abolition of the system in
view to the very poor pay the men get. Mr. Ramachandra Row con¬
siders it impracticable to raise the‘remuneration of the Devaswom sub¬
ordinates wholesale, but he would readjust the number of hands. He
thinks that the number of the subordinate servants in some Devaswom is
unnecessarily large, and he proposes to reduce the number of hands and
increase the pay of the staff retained. He would, however, leave the
staff of the Minor Devaswoms alone. Though Mr. Ramachandra Row
admits that efficiency cannot be secured by retaining low-paid servants,
he is against giving increased emoluments wholesale, as that will swell
the expenditure considerably. Mr. Ramachandra Row proposes the
formation of Village Boards for the management of the smaller Deva¬
swoms, or, if that is not practicable, he would group the Minor Deva¬
swoms, under the important Major Devaswoms which possess adequate
establishments. Mr. Ramachandra Row thinks it very necessary to
define the duties and responsibilities of the several servants in the Deva¬
swoms. He says that, though in some important Devaswoms, there
appear to exist some old records called acharakhfinakkps defining the
duties of the servants, yet these records are quite unreliable.
37. While the Peishkars generally accept the views of Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row in regard to the raising of the wages and the reduction of
the number of servants in the Devaswoms, they are not unanimous as to
the advisability of transferring the management of the Minor Deva¬
swoms to Village Boards.
38. His Highness’ Government consider that the Devaswom sub-
Man&v’r Sril-srSa ordinates should be classified into two groups, viz.,
.aran"Anavat,"vieha" ‘hose who should be included under ‘establishment’
ippukarau, Mai.iam, and become therefore eligible for pension under the
lenonrakaMrimo-u*ha Service Regulations, and those who should be paid
wn° ’Koiama. Ac- horn the ‘contingencies’ and are therefore non-
iountant, storekeeper pensionable. In G-O. No. 1411, dated the 16th
ih April 1911, the Government have ordered what
appointments in the Devaswoms should alone be in¬
cluded under ‘establishment.’ According to that
 131

order, t’he appointments noted in the margin alone should be treated as

belonging to 'establishment*, by whatever other designations the men
may be known according to local usage, provided that the appointments
are not held on hflranma or hereditary tenure, and provided also that
the men are paid in cash by the Government. All other servants of
the Devaswoms will be paid from the ‘contingencies’ and will therefore
be non-pensionable.
39. The Government would again reiterate that the Tahsildar
should have complete control over all classes of Devaswom subordinates
in his taluk. He should have the power to appoint, grant leave to, dis¬
miss, or otherwise punish such subordinates, consistent with the general
powers vested in him by the Government, provided that the appoitments
are, not, according to local custom, made by the Palace, or by Tanlries
or 5 thanies, and provided also that'no karanma holder shall be deprived
of his service without the sanction of the Government. While the
Government do not wish to interfere with ithe patronage which certain
Tantries and Sthanies now enjoy of nominating the men for certain
services in the Devaswoms, they wish it to be clearly understood that
the Tahsildar has as much control over such men as if the men had been
appointed by the Sirkar direct; and hence, if a subordinate so appointed
misbehaves, the Tahsildar should punish him in the same way as he
would punish a subordinate appointed by the Sirkar direct. Where the
punishment involves removal from the appointment, the nominating
authority may be asked to make a fresh nomination.

40. It is, in the opinion of the Government, obviously impracticable

to give a wholesale increase to the pay of Devaswom subordinates. But
some reduction may be made in the number of hands where it is
excessive, the savings heing utilised for improving the pay of those re¬
tained. It would also be necessary to improve the pay of the chief con¬
trolling man or men in each Devaswom, such as the Saikariakaran, the
Anaoal, etc. Some re-adjustment of the staff is probably necessary in
most Devaswoms. As each Devaswom has now a sanctioned proposi¬
tion statement, it should not be difficult to determine what the revision
should be. Those included under ‘establishment’ should be paid only
in cash. The cooked rice etc., in the Devaswoms, should, instead of
being sold, be utilised freely for improving the emoluments of the lower
paid men.
41. In the case of a service for which a grant of land had been
made formerly, the holder should not ordinarily be given any other re¬
muneration. If, however, the land has been jalienated by the holder
thereof, and the alienation has been recognised by the Government by
levying the full assessment on the land and issuing patta accordingly,
 the person concerned, should he continue to perform the service and if
the retention of the service is needed in the future, may be given a fixed
remuneration in cash or in nicedyom cooked rice. If an alienation is
unauthorised and has not been recognised by the .Government, action
should be taken under the Proclamation dated the 1st Edavom 1068 to
resume the land and re-attach it to the service. The alienation of a
\aranma service by the holder determines the karanma. So also any
failure of a \atanma holder to perform the service terminates his karanma
right to it. The family which enjoys the karanma should be held res¬
ponsible for the failure of any of its members to perform the service,
42. The Government do not consider it necessary to revise the staff
of the Minor Devaswoms now. These may be left alone for the present.
The formation of Village Boards to manage these institutions will lie
over until the Government see how the Village Panchayat Courts pro¬
posed to be started, for the disposal of petty civil suits, work.
43. The Government have already sanctioned the abolition of the
adiyara for most of the menial services in the Devaswoms—Vide Order
Nos. 4073 and 1864, dated the 4th Thulam 1085, and 27th Meenom
1087 respectively. The adiyara will now be abolished also for those
few services to which it still applies. In view to the relief given by the
abolition of the adiyara, adequete (but not excessive) security should be
taken from such of the Devaswom servants as handle jewels, vessels and
money, but from no others.
44. There are some honorary appointments in certain Deaaswoms,
such as Suchindrum, Thiruvettar, etc., which are enjoyed as karanma
by certain families. The Vallapall't Sreekaranasthanom and Neyyara•
sthanom are instances in point. These will continue unchanged as at
present.
45. The Government agree with Mr. Ramachandra Row that it is
desirable to define the relations between the different employes in the
Devaswoms and to lay down clearly the duties and responsibilities of
the men. In doing so, the acharakanakku and other rules now in force,
if any, and the existing practice, may be taken as a guide, but they need
not be slavishly followed. There should be no hesitation in revising
the rules of management where such revision is needed in the interests'of
efficiency.
46. Every Peishkar should prepare and submit, for the sanction of
the Government, a statement (separately) for each Devaswom, showing
the present staff, including the superior, inferior' and honorary servants,
their present duties responsibilities and emoluments, and the proposed
staff, their duties, responsibilities and emoluments. In making appoint¬
ments, the persons who have a karanma right to the service should be
given the first refusal,
 133

VI. Vazhioadus.
47. The offerings to the Devaswoms made by private individuals
are called oazhioadus. Those who perform the oazhioadus sometimes
supply the articles required themselves in kind and sometimes pay for
them in cash. The vazhioadus is now generally entrusted by the person
offering it, to the Santhikaran or some other subordinate. Sometimes,
the party himself receives the nivedyam, and at other times, he leaves it
to the Devaswom authorities to distribute it among the Brahmins or
utilise it in whatever way they may choose. No account is generally-
kept for the oazhioadus, nor is any receipt given to a party who pays for
one. In some Devaswoms the Santhikars and their servants have a
right to a share of the nivedyom, in others, there is a share tor the Sirkar
also. These shares are known as fcooru. Mr. Ramachandra Row-
says that there is much scope under existing conditions, tor misappro¬
priation of the oazhioadus. In important Devaswoms, such as Vaikom,
large amounts are entrusted to the Devaswom subordinates for sadya
etc. It is necessary that, in such cases, the conduct o( the oazhioadus
should be properly scruitinised.
48. His Highness’ Government consider that a separate register
for oazhioadus should be opened in every Major Devaswom. Every
person who pays for a oazhioniu in cash, should pay the amount to the
chief officer of the Devaswom, who should, at once, enter the amount
in the register and give a receipt for it. He should then see that the
oazhioadu is properly conducted. Any vazhioadu brought in kind may,
at the discretion of the person offering it, be given to the Santhikaran,
who should have the oazhioadu performed. The chief officer of every
Major Devaswom should see that the nioedyam is properly distributed
and that the k°oru, if any, due to the servants or the Sirkar, is duly
apportioned then and there. No kooru, whether it is for the Santhi-
karan or other subordinate or for the Sirkar, should be claimed
before the nioedyom. This rule should apply equally to the ordinary as
well as to the oazhioadu nioedyoms. A statement of kooru now given
should be submitted to the Government by each Peishkaf.

VII. Nadaoaraous.
49- Presentations or kanikkais are made to the Devaswoms of
coins, silver, gold, jewels, vessels, silks, live stock, grains and various
other articles. Some articles, such as fruit, sugar, sandals, etc,, are
received as thulabharaws. Again, in some places, a procession goes
round to villages and houses for the collection—parayeedu —of paddy
and other grains. Mr. Ramachandra Row points out that there is no
uniform system for collecting and preserving the kanikkais and other
offerings in several Devaswoms. The offerings made by persons who
are not i privileged to enter the precincts of the Devaswoms are often
 134

given to other persons who could get in, and there is misappropriation.
Mr. Ramachandra Row proposes to have strong collection boxes kept
outside the Devaswoms for the people to deposit their kanikka‘s- He
suggests that the offerings convertible into money should be auctioned
once a week by a responsible officer and the sale proceeds credited
at once. He thinks that the boxes should be opened publicly every
day in the presence of respectable witnesses and the contents credited
in the books.
50. His Highness’ Government consider that nadaoaravus need a
great deal more of attention than they now receive. The idea suggested
by Mr. Ramachandra Row of providing collection boxes is a good
one and may be adopted in all the larger Devaswoms. The boxes
should be opened once a week, the contents examined publicly and
credited in the accounts regularly. Where nadavaravus are in current
money, the crediting is easy. Where, however, they consist of un-
current coins, gold or silver, grains or non-perishable articles, arrange¬
ments should be made for these being auctioned at regular intervals and
the sale proceeds credited in the accounts. All perishable articles, such
as fruits, etc., should be disposed of at once and the proceeds credited.
As regards live stocks, orders have already been passed by the
Government 'in their No. 2013, dated the 23rd Edavom 1086, that the
cattle received as offerings in all Devaswoms, except those noted
marginally, should be auctioned. The cattle need not be given to the
persons who supply milk, even where the latter had
been the practice hitherto, because milk, like other
provisions, will hereafter be obtained on contract.
Jewels, vessels, and other articles received as
nadaoaraou, which are of use in the Devaswom.
need not be auctioned, but they may be utilised
after being entered in the register of articles belonging to the Deva¬
swom. The Tahsildar should periodically, and at least once in a
quarter, check in detail the nadaoaravu accounts o( all the Major
Devaswoms in his taluk and report the result to the Peishkar.

VIII. Thiruoabharanam, Bharanipalram and Pattupariwthm.

51. The jewels, vessels, oah'inams, etc. in the'rDevaswoms should,
Mr. Ramachandra Row says, be divided into two classes oiz., those
which are required for daily use, and those which are wanted only for
special occasions. He proposes that the former should be entrusted to
the persons who deal with them daily, the latter being put in charge
of higher officers, security being taken according to the value of the
articles. Mr. Ramachandra Row points out that, in some Devaswoms,
the custodians ot the jewels hold their office hereditarily. He suggests
that, in those Devaswoms where the ornaments etc., should be kept
within the sacred precincts, strong rooms should be built for keeping
 135

them. He proposes that all useless jewels, should be removed tc> the
Trivandrum Major Treasury, the rest being preserved in the treasuries
of the taluks. All unused jewels, except those which deserve preserva¬
tion as works of art or as superior value, may be sold and the proceeds
credited to the Devaswoms.
52. In the conference of the Peishcars, the points discussed were
(1) the location of jewels. (2) the custody of jewels, (3) the verification
of jewels, and (4) the disposal of jewels. Most of the Peishcars agreed
to the suggestion of Mr. Ramachandra Row that the jewels should be
kept in the taluk treasury- in iron safes or strong rooms, that the jewels
(except those for daily use which alone should be with the Melsarthi)
should be in the custody of responsible Devaswom officers! who should
furnish security, that they should be annually verified by the Peishcar
with the assistance of the Tahsildar, and that useless jewels should,
either be sold or converted into useful ones.
53. His Highness’ Government consider it necessary that jewels,
vessels, odhanoms, etc., should be divided into those which are of daily
use, those which are used on special occasions in the year, and those
which are necer used. The articles comprised in the first class have to
be kept in the Devaswom ; arrangements should be made for providing
sales for the purpose and security should be taken from the custodians.
The things which are used only occasionally, should generally be kept
in the taluk treasury, under the joint locks of the Tahsildar and the re¬
sponsible Devaswom officer. This may involve some additional work
by way of taking the articles out for use and putting them in afterwards.
But this cannot be helped. The third class of articles viz., those which
are never used, may be sold, or sent for safe custody to a Major Tre¬
asury in the State and be kept in such treasury under the joint locks of
the Tahsildar of the taluk to which the Devaswom belongs and the
Devaswom office* concerned. In the case of such important temples,
however, such as Suchindrum, the Cape, Vaikom, Ettumanur, Haripad,
etc., it is necessary to ascertain local sentiment and the views of those
who are now the chief custodians, before any of the things are sold or
removed to a treasury. Wherever the jewels and other valuables are
not removed to the treasury, aud they have therefore to be kept in the
temples themselves, strong rooms or bhandaroms and iron safes should
be provided for keeping them. These bhandaroms and safes should have
double Gcks, one key being in the custody of the Tahsildar of the taluk
and another with the custodian. Even if the custodian holds his office
hereditarily, he should be required to furnish security. Also, wherever
the emolument or pay of a custodian is so small that the demanding of
a security will be a hardship, there should be no hesitation in giving a
reasonable increase of pay- Vessels, other than of gold or silver, and
silks and cloths, may be kept in the Devaswoms and need not be
removed to the treasuries. It is, however, absolutely necessary that
all vessels, etc., should be kept safe and in good repair. Useless
vessels and cloths should be auctioned from time to time and tbe sale
proceeds credited in the accounts. Even now, all the jewels, vessels,
etc., are supposed to be listed, but tbe Government are afraid that the
listing is generally done perfunctorily. It is necessary that all existing
jewels, vessels, and other articles should be carefully listed, all
additions being entered then and there under the signature of a responsi¬
ble officer. The Government also consider it necessary that the Tah-
sildar should conduct a periodical verification of the articles which are
wholly in the custody of the Devaswom subordinates and that the
Peishcar should similarly verify periodically those articles which are in
the joint custody of the Tahsildar and the Devaswom subordinates,
54. In this connection, Mr. Ramachandra Row refers to the practice
of locking up money in the Vaikom, and Ettumanur temples. He points
out that the objection raised against the removal of the cash to the
treasury has neither any authority nor reason to support it. His Highness’
Government have already passed orders on the point in their No. 2879,
dated the 12th Karkadakam 1086. It is not necessary to remove the
money from the temples, but there is no objection to meet all the ex¬
penditure for the temples from it.

IX- Repairs and reconstruction of Devaswom buildings.

55- Mr. Ramachandra Row says that, in a very large number of
Devaswoms, both Major and Minor, the buildings require a great deal
of repair, and in numerous cases, thorough reconstruction is absolutely
needed. He points out that, in as many as 404 Devaswoms, even the
Srifyoil calls, for elaborate repairs, the estimated cost of this <alone being
Rs. 4,33,882. In many Devaswom, the nalambalom, the thidapalli and
other appurtenant buildings are in a sjvery sad state of disrepair, and in
some cases there are vestiges of what were once substantial buildings.
Mr. Ramachandra Row advises that the temples requiring repairs to the
Srikoil be taken up first, and he suggests that every year a few temples
be taken in hand and the work completed, as delay in the completion of
a work involves additional expenditure in the shape of purificatory cere¬
monies. Mr. Ramachandra Row also suggests that all superfluous build¬
ings be pulled down. He deplores the want of annual maintenance for
the Devaswoms and points out that, in many instances, timely attention
to a slight leakage might have saved heavy expenditure for repairs. He
also suggests that the estimate of a maramath work in connection with a
Devaswom should also include the cost of the necessary purificatory
ceremonies.
56. The subject of repairs and maintenance of Devaswom buildings
was discussed at some length at the Conference of the Peishcars. The
 137

Peishcars admit that the Devaswom buildings generally have been much
neglected in the past. They are for providing separate allotments for
outright repairs and for annual maintenance. They accept the sugges¬
tion of Mr. Ramachandra Row to lay out a definite programme. The
Peishcars generally think that the appointment of a separate agency for
the repair of Devaswom buildings would effect the repairs more rapidly
than otherwise.

57. His Highness’ Government recognise with sorrow that the

condition of Devaswom buildings generally all over the State is very far
from satisfactory. They feel bound to add that the Peishcars and
Tahsildars cannot be absolved from a substantial share, of the responsi¬
bility for this state of affairs. These officers have, in the past, been
showing a culpable volume of indifference in carrying through Devas¬
wom maramath works. The object ol maintaining the Maramath
Department as a separate one has been mainly the conservation
of religious and charitable buildings. The Maramath staff in the State
is by no means a small one. Every Division has an Overseer, a Drafts¬
man, and a large number of Aminadars. There is also a Maramath Sub-
Engineer, with an establishment, aitached to the Huzur Office. For
expert advice on temple construction etc., there is a Thatchusastrapari-
sodhakan. The Government would not grudge sanctioning funds if they
could have the assurance that the allotments will be fully and properly-
utilised. But the weak point of the Maramath administration has been
that no large work eoer ready gets finished, and that new works are
undertaken, sometimes most unnecessarily, and the funds needed lor
finishing the old works are diverted to the new ones. There
are numerous Devaswom works still in the most incomplete stage,
even though the works had been com-menced long ago. Instances
in point are the works in the Chengannur, Mukathala, Vettikavaia,
Mampazhathura and Thiruvella temples in the Quilon Division,
Thaliyil, Thidanad, Tirkkakkara, Parappadom and Elankavu temples
in the Kottayam Division, and Kazhakuttam, Tonnal and Pirappan-
code temples in the Trivandrum Division. Had the Peishcars
taken up these and other similar works in time and completed
them, a number of important temples would have come into good condi¬
tion long ago. The Government would impress upon all Peishcars and
Tahsildars that no real improvement in the condition of Devaswom
buildings is likely to take place unless the out-turn of work in the
Maramath Department improves considerably in quality as well as in
quantity. Every Peishcar will now arrange for every Major Devaswom
in his Division being throughly inspected at an early date and submit a
full report thereon. The condition of the main and subsidiary buildings
of each Devaswom should form the subject of a separate communication.
 138

When the reports for a Division have all been sent up to the Govern¬
ment, the Peishcar concerned should frame a programme of action and
submit it for the approval of the Government. The Maramath Budget
of each Division, so far as Devaswoms are concerned, will hereafter be
split into two sections, one section being for carrying through the works
included in the programme submitted by the Peishcar and passed by the
Government, and the other being for the maintenance of all the Devas-
wom buildings in the Division. In regard to all large works, the policy
should be not to have more than five or six at a time in a Division.
Those once begun should be completed before new ones are taken on
hand. The programme for each Division should be so framed that the
thorough repair of all the Major Devaswoms in it should be completed,
say, within the next ten years. When reconstructing or renovating
temples, care should be taken that their architectural beauty is, as far as
possible, preserved. There should be no hesitation in removing useless
out.houses, and the construction or renovotion of subsidiary buildings
should be strictly confined to the satisfaction of proved wants. A com¬
pound wall should ordinarily be deemed a sine qua non of a temple, so
as to minimise the risk of pollution and consequential expenditure on
purificatory ceremonies. Wherever enclosure walls exist, the annual
maintenance should provide for their being kept in repair, and wherever
there are none, temporary or \ayala walls may be provided until replaced
by permanent walls. The funds, needed for the purificatory ceremonies
consequent on the repairs or renovation of the Devaswom buildings are
now not included in the estimates for such works, but they are charged
separately under Devaswom expenditure. In future, the estimate for a
Devaswom maramath work should also include the amount required for
the purificatory ceremonies for the same.
X. Manufacture and repair of Oessels.
58. Mr. Ramachandra Row proposes that a sum should be set apart
annually lor repairs to the Devaswom vessels. An amount is usually
provided for this purpose in the Devaswom Budget. But what is wanted
now is that the Tahsildar should examine the vessels available in each
Devaswom and make up separate li3ts of' the serviceable and the un¬
serviceable vessels. The latter should then be either repaired or dis¬
posed of in auction and new ones supplied. In some Devaswoms, there
are far more vessels than necessary, while in others, not even the most
necessary ones exist. It should be possible to distribute the excess
vessels to the Devaswoms which stand in need of them.
XI. Nandacanoms.
55. Nahdaoanoms are flower gardens attached to the Devaswom^
Most of these are in a neglected condition. Mr. Ramachandra Row.
says that some have been converted into cocoanut gardens- He proposes
 139

that a correct list of Nandaoanoms should be prepared. This proposal

is approved by the Government. The Peishkars should arrange for
correct list of Nandavanoms being prepared, showing their survey
numbers and their extent. The list should also contain information as to
the staff now employed for work in them and proposals for revision, if
any. The Government consider it necessary that the ?Nandaoanoms.
where they exist, should be improved so as to secure a supply of the
flowers needed for the Devaswoms.

XII. Miscellaneous items.

60. There are some miscellaneous items connected with the Deva¬
swoms which deserve attention. They are (I) kattalais, (2) huthucooly
(3) \eezeedu and upayuklam, (4) elephant charges, (5) arthapalisa and
jenmibhogam, (6) orn alavu, (7) pensions and allowances, and (8) tasira-
ppanom and S ishyanudama.
61. (1) Kattalais.—Mr. Ramachandra Row says that the various
kattalais in Suchindram and other temples, which are private chari¬
ties, are now in the charge of private individuals. He suggests that
the people should be encouraged to entrust the execution of katta¬
lais to the Devaswom Department. The Government, however, feel
that they should leave the kattalais alone. It is for the private persons
to make their own arrangements, and the Government would put no
pressure on them to hand over their funds to the Devaswoms.
62. (2) Kuthucooly.—Mr. Ramachandra Row points out that it is
the practice in several 'Devaswoms to have the paddy pounded by
certain servants of the Devaswom and to supply rice for the nioedyom.
This practice, he says, does not seem to be based on any record. The
pounding charges given are, he thinks, unduly high. The rafe of com¬
muting paddy into rice now obtaining in the Devaswoms is stated to be
5 to 2, that is, for every 5 edangazhies or paras of paddy, 2 edangazhies
or paras of rice alone will be supplied, while in private transactions, for
every ten edangazhies of paddy, 5 edangazhies of rice will be supplied.
Mr. Ramachandra Row also says that the assumption, that the rice
supplied by these privileged classes of servants is superior to what is
supplied otherwise, is untrue. The Government find that, in some
Devaswoms. the supply is in the form of paddy, while in others, it is in
the form of rice. In large Devaswoms such as Vaikom etc., where
local sentiment requires that the supply should be in the form of paddy
to. be converted within the temple premises or by certain privileged
classes into rice, that practice should continue.in future also. In other
Devaswoms, where there is no such sentimental objection, it would
certainly be preferable to get the contractor to supply rice instead of
paddy. Where the pounding charges are excessive, there should be
no hesitation in getting them reduced. Every Peishkar should submit
 140

a list of the Major Devaswoms where the supply should be in paddy,

and another iist where the supply may be made in rice, in the former
case, it should be stated what reasonable charges should be fixed for
ihe conversion of the paddy into rice.
63. i3) Keezheedu and Upayuklom. These' are paddy and rice
used for knlasoms and other ceremonies. Since the commutation of
the tax in kind into cash, it was ordered that only the commutation rate
could be given for keezheedu and upayuklom-, The Government have
recently cancelled that order and ruled, vide .No. 5596, dated the 16th
Vrischigom 1087 that keezeeedu and upayuktom should be disbursed
in kind.
64. (! ) Elephant charges. The Government have already ordered
in their No. 4240, dated the 3th October 1911, that except (or Deva
swoms where there is constant use of elephants for processions, the
policy should be not to purchase elephants, but to hire them for the
occasion. Before hiring elephants, for any occasion, it should be made
certain that Sirkar elephants could not be procured for the purpose ;
only as many elephants as are absolutely necessary should be hired.
65. (5) Arihapalisa and jenmihhogam. These are certain payments
made to private individuals from Devaswoms the origin of which is not
traceable, but is believed to be due as jenmibhogom and interest on
money lent at some former time. These payments are made now some
in kind and others in cash. All payments like arihapalisa and jernni-
bhoyom from Devaswoms should, as far as possible, be converted into
cash and be debited to the Devaswom Budget under the minor head
‘miscellaneous.’ A list of persons to whom such payments are now
made, with the amount in each case, should be submitted to ihe Gov¬
ernment by each Peishkar.
66. (6) Ona alaou. There are certain gratuitous distributions of
paddy called ona alaou on the Thiruoonam day in some Devaswoms.
Mr. Ramachandra Row points out that, in Aranmula, for instance,
several hundreds of paras of paddy are distributed in doles. These
gratuitous doles may, in the opinion of the Government, be consider¬
ably reduced wiihout causing hardship. The Peishkars should make,
out statements of the Devaswoms where ona a:avu or similar doles are
given at present and submit the same to the Government with proposals
as to what quantity is absolutely needed in each case. A similar pay¬
ment for kudioellom at Suchindram has already been 'stopped—vide
Order No. 1103, dated 6th Karkadagom 1083.
67. (7) Pensions and allowances. There are certain pensions and
ai owances given to ex-Coranmakars and others from the Devaswoms.
These should, in all cases where they are now given in kind, be con¬
verted into cash at 14 chs. per para of paddy. The Peishkars should
 141

submit statements showing the allowances and pensions now given, with
full particulars.
68. (8; Vaslrappanom and sishyanudama. These are allowances
given to the swamiyars from certain Devaswoms. These will continue
to be given in cash. A list of the Devaswoms where these are given,
with the amounts in each case should be prepared and submitted to the
Government by the Peishkars.
XIII. Sripandaracaga.
69. The foregoing orders do not refer to the most important temple
in the State, viz., that of Sripadmanabha Swami at the Capital. As
Dewan Mr. Seshia Sastri has explained, “it has a government of its
own unconnected with the State”. The properties of this temple, both
landed and otherwise, are now kept outside the general accounts of the
State. The supervision and management of this temple rest with His
Highness the Maha Raja personally. Contributions are however made
for several purposes to the temple from State funds. Such contributions
from whatever source given, will now be consolidated and separately
shown under 5ripandaravaga. An accurate and full list of the contri¬
butions should be prepared by the Peishkars and submitted to the
Government.
XIV. Contributions formerly made from the Oottus.
70. It has already been ordered in G. O. No. 1748, dated the 11th
May 1909, that all expenditure formerly incurred for Devaswoms from
the Oottus should be debited to the head of ‘Devaswoms.’ These
items should now be added to the appropriate heads under ‘Devaswams’
in revising the pathwus of the latter.
X V. Grants to Private Devaswoms.
71. Grants are now given to certain Private Devaswoms both with¬
in and outside the State. ' Grants are given, in some cases, for the per¬
formance of vazhivadus, nityanidanom and other ceremonies, and in
others, for repairs and renewals of Devaswom buildings. The grants
for vazhivadus etc., should continue, being however, as far as possible,
fixed in cash, on the basis of the actual expenditure for the last three
years. As regards grants for the repairs and renewals of Private Deva¬
swoms, His Highness’ Government feel that, in view to the very unsatis¬
factory, condition of the buildings of Sirkar Devaswoms generally, and
the large outlay that will be soon necessary for the thorough repair and
reconstruction in several cases of these buildings, the practice of subsi¬
dising Private Devaswoms should cease, and the Government are there¬
fore pleased to cancel the Rules dated the 19th Mithunam 1055.
 142

XVI. Devaswom Budget and Accounts.

72. The detailed heads of receipts and expenditure under ‘Devas¬
woms’ have already been settled by the Government as below:—
Receipts.
I. Ayacut Revenue from Devaswom lands.
II. Offerings.
III. Receipts from Sripandaravaga.
IV. Miscellaneous.
(1) Sale proceeds of old materials and stores.
(2) Sale proceeds of surplus provisions.
(3) Other items.
Expenditure.
I. Establishment,
II. Travelling allowances.
III. Contingencies.
A. Major Devaswoms.
i. Nityanidanom.
ii. Masaviseshom
iii. Attaviseshom.
iv. Utsavom.
v. Miscellaneous.
B. Minor Devaswoms.
C. Grants to Private Devaswoms.
i. within the State.
ii. outside the State.
D. Nandavanoms.
E. Sripandaravaga.
F. Extraordinary expenditure.
73. The Account Officer should prepare and submit to the Govern¬
ment a set of detailed rules regarding the accounts, registers and books
to be maintained by the Devaswoms, by Tahsildars, and by Peishkars,
and for the proper audit of all Devaswom revenue and expenditure.
74. His Highness’ Government desire that the revised palhims for
all Devaswoms should be prepared as early as practicable, in accordance
with these orders. The paihious for each Major Devaswom should be
prepared with the utmost care and should form the subject of separate
communication. The Peishkar should scrutinise every item before sub¬
mission of the revised paihious to the Government. In regard to the
Minor Devaswoms. such of them as are in a single taluk may, for this
purpose, be considered together and their pathious dealt with in a
single communication. In doubtful cases, the specific orders of the
Government should be obtained and action taken accordingly.
 143

75. In conclusion, the Government trust that the administration of

the Devaswom Department would receive careful and continued atten¬
tion at the hands of all Peishkars and Tahsildars. No policy, however
carefully thought out, nor rules, however carefully framed can achieve
good results unless the machinery of the administration works willingly
and efficiently. It will be seen that the Government have given very
full consideration to the numerous (some of them undoubtedly difficult)
questions raised in Mr. Ramachandra Row’s report. As far as possi¬
ble, the Government have, in these orders, given full and explicit
directions as to the lines on which the Peishkars and Tahsilda.'s should
proceed. The Government feel that they cannot go much beyond that.
The duty of carrying out these orders would lie on the Peishkars and
Tahsildars, and it is earnestly hoped that all officers concerned will rise
to the occasion, realise their responsibilities, and do their best towards
placing on a thoroughly sound footing the administration of one of the
most important Departments in the State, which, be it said with regret,
has not received in the past that attention, which it deserved.
76. His Highness’ Government also feel it due to the late
Mr. Ramachandra Row to express once more their high appreciation of
the good work done by him in investigating into and reporting upon, the
condition of the Religious and Charitable Institutions of the State. But
for the very valuable report of this officer, whose premature death is
such a great loss to the Public Service, it would not have been possi¬
ble for the Government to have dealt with the complicated and difficult
questions connected with the administration of these institutions in the
way they have done-
(By Order),
A. J. VIEYRA,
Chief Secrelary to Gooemment.
To
1. All Peishkars and Tahsildars,
2. The Superintendent, Devicolam Division,
3. The Financial Secretary, and
4. The Gazette.
 144

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cooj®om>d>ci ,af)a_n anruitfjgol.
«o. QQgjacsaJo^oAaocBao (Waoao’lioisoAaoteJio.
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(s I) Ki, f.'., .111. (! lie- l.7l-.i! Nm-,ember 1 OKI When No-

610(8®0 (iii'-iriirri;J;,S(:ig|ajo QJ.^j^aa cn0tt^Offl<sw>l«c&o (rocsuj

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o.icmi®!<as>a«9!35nf“ sunni I on cjrjo oosmw;(3ca(35ns(roa#cnot

O. O. No. D. 22;>()/()5 o£ in dated 24tll September Re: 1919.

■llegimlig MasavisesUuia. Atfeivisushmn and Ulsavam allotment*.
aomjoJ idcanaio afisjfaTlscffloaio jssrucuo go® gjoo6BBg!ffl6 g)Oo©o--j
§ fflrasl(n>aij)l(06SY30otaeo roiOaocossE^as oilej(^§gro>®6 (SiOaicronrixoljcy
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aocnaoooj'lOTitnacm o_ngjloj oJ-cyraooco!] casrolsaffisnsiaiciscmsgo (tro^gjo
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ffirastoaoiteiOTiilciosg. curmloj rruoaooDsasaoaso ajsmaoOTlgo aaraana
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a6n§sTi<D& ao©o adoc^'mci aiKSitrailtno^ anatojAfflaorc®a(giOAcra.

6. 0. No. 2639/52 of 20 dated 3rd September 1020. Fixing of

date for I’lsnvain lvodiyettu.
§D3 eo<® ®! cruoc/jraitftOo<B8 <fi>ai6n§<i>t&ctu^§asas coafDtesxcm
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Qjo3<S(nn6io§ cDSSffiOTSrsrwgjoaOT mueawasocon onsgggojocii) ojosijyo
(fftaroioaonB.
 206
G. 0. R. Dis. No. 356 of 23/G. B. dated 23rd May 1923. re‘.
commutation of the measure of paddy to be supplied to Devaswoms.
Government direct that, in future, the quantity of paddy and rice
fixed in the pathivus of 994 M. E, in terms of the Chandra Para of 640
cubic inches in respect of Devaswoms whose pathivus have not been
revised, should be reduced and fixed in terms of the standard Para of
800 cubic inches, and that, until the pathivus of the Devaswoms are
revised, the quantity so fixed should alone be allowed to the unrevised
Devaswoms from the 1st Ghingom 1099,

G.O. R. Dis. No. 449/23/G. B. dated 20/2 7th June 1923. fixing
of the Pathivus for Akathupaditharam in kind.
Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maha Raja
of Traoancore,
Read again :—
G. O. No. D, 4905 dated the 25th October 1912.
Read also •—
. (1) Letter R. O. C. Cur. No. 1307 of ‘22, dated the 18th
October 1922, from the Devaswom Commissioner.
(2) Letter R. O. G No. 1307 of ‘22, dated the 24th March 1923,
from the Devaswom Commissioner.
In G. O. 4905, dated the 25th October 1912, read above relating
to the reorganisation of Devaswoms, it has been laid down that the
Pathivus for the Akathepaditharam under Masavisesham, Attavisesham,
and Ulsavara should be fixed in cash, and that the Pathivus so fixed for
the Akathepaditharam should not undergo reduction on any account.
The Devaswom Commissioner has now brought to notice that, so long
as the Pathivus for these ceremonies are fixed in cash and the Akalhe-
paditharam is made the first charge on the cash allotment, the margin
of cash left for the Purathepaditharam of the Devaswoms concerned
necessarily dwindles down and it cannot be attended to with any degree
of satisfaction. He also says that, on account of the enormous rise in
prices and wages in recent years, the money allotments fixed for the above
ceremonies have become quite insufficient in several cases, even to meet
the cost on account of the supply of the provisions required for Akathe¬
paditharam, that again some ceremonies included under Masavisesham
and Attavisesham have no Purathepaditharam to speak of, and that it
has not been possible to find the necessary additional funds by means of
diversion from other sanctioned items. In view to the proper conduct
of these ceremonies in accordance with the spirit of the G. O, read
above, without at the same time seriously affecting the Purathepaditharam
to which the public attach much importance, Mr. Raja Raja Varma
considers that the Pathivu for the Akaihepaditharam for Masavisesham,
Attavisesham and Ulsavam should be fixed in kind instead of in cash;
and recommends that this principle should be extended not only to the
Devaswoms whose Pathivus have yet to be revised, but also to those
whose Pathivus have already been revised. The present proposal
involves additional expenditure and the Devaswom Commissioner says
that it could be met from the Devaswom Fund.
Order thereon R. Di*. No. 449/23'G. B., dated Trivandrum,
20/27th June 1923.
Government have carefully considered the above proposal of the
Devaswom Commissioner. This proposal contemplates no doubt a
departure from the policy laid down in G. O. No. 4905, dated the 25th
October 1912, but in view of the difficulties pointed out by Mr. Raja
Raja Varma in the practical working of the G. O., so far as it relates
to Masavisesham, Attavisesham and Ulsavam, Government agree with
him that the change proposed is necessary. They accordingly sanction
the Pathivus for Akathepaditharam under Masavisesham, Attavisesham
and Ulsavam in respect of all the 139 Major Devaswoms including those
the Pathivus of which have already been revised, being fixed in kind
instead of in cash. This arrangement will come into force from the
beginning of 1099 M. E.
(By order)
S. PARAMESVARA AlYAft,
Ag, Chief Secretary to Government

G. O., R. O. C. No. 686 of 23 dated 15th August 1923. Operation

of the G O. fixing of the, Pathivu under Akathepaditharam in kind.
Government sanction the operation of the G. O., fixing in kind the
pathivus for Akathepaditharam under Masavisesham, Attavisesham and
Ulsavam in respect of all Major Devaswoms from 1st Chingam 1099
being restricted to revised Major Devaswoms at present and extended
to the'remaining Major Devaswoms as their pathivus get revised.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 469/24|G. B. dated 25th July 1924, re: Adjust*

merit to be made in the supply of milk for Palpayasam in the Ambala.
puzha Devaswom,
In regard to the difficulty in procuring the full daily supply of
tnilk for Palpayasam in the Ambalapuzha Devaswom, Government sanc¬
tion the daily supply of milk required for Palpayasam in the Ambala»
puzha Devaswom being adjusted to the quantity available, the total
Quantity fixed for the year not being exceeded and the quantity of
P yasam prepared on any day not being less than three paras,
G. O. R. Dis. No. 852/24/G. B. dated the 28th November 1924
Conduct of sadyas in Devaswoms.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 1026 of 24 dated 3rd
October 1924, re: conduct of sadyas etc., in Devaswom I have the
honour to inform you that Government approve your action in having
given directions for stopping the practice of accepting gratutious outside
help for conducting sadyas in Devaswoms. The other directions given
by you for the efficient conduct of sadyas and Utsavams are noted.

G. o. R. O. C. No. 344/25/G. B., dated the 23rd May 1925 k:

stoppage of animal sacrifice in Devaswoms.
Adverting to your letter R, O. C. No. 999 of 25 dated 20th
March 1925, 1 have the honour to inform you that no animal sacrifices
are to be conducted hereafter at Government cost in the State, that those
claiming the sacrified animals may be given the Pathivu allotment for
purchasing die animals, and that a Cucumber may be substituted for the
animal. In the case of private agencies, the Devaswom authorities
should be instructed to use moral pursuasion to discourage the practice
of animal sacrifices.

Palace Sttdkitami
Mo. 144/13504 Dated 7-1-104. ^Conduct o£ Masavisehcttei
'whew they occur 1 4 in any one year-
4 4i ®cB>o§o®o
oDOXiti. anlsaatmatBCLifflo.

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 209
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camera aicrnlcokacno.

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<4 ®racucica.ag (ScaaOoajl^aica^c^o ernsmo. cruoaicoo
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cD 0 (rf ailsBBo 6)-0oO3-. ®<a>. cootoowBindi ojsreoej.

 210

CHAPTER V.
EXTRAORDINARY .CEREMONIES.
G. 0. No. 4265/D dated the 23rd Chingom 1038 regarding
parformanca of sudhi before Ceremony.

c©ao'l<msgnan gesrocuo AfjlsiaraxtsPffib a-fl®cm ajsnfl ooscnflg

ggiBiocaTl cfeOfflisTrilgjofflrnitnlcnaioi ajlm§o ®SDleos<tnal8c96>5n§ ai®ai
o|j aigjoOTinxOTDcajcnD.

G. 0. No. 4597/D. dated the 26th December 1913

Regarding responsibility for Nimitham.

ccti-oSctq 8*Ui®(SiBri(n6 <8)j}lsrsraj gejoaomo a. o o.ooa- aosjnrsi

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Standard Paditharam to be adopted as permanent Guide for the
conduct of extraordinary ceremonies.
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CHAPTER VII.
SANTHIKARS.
G. O. No, D. 5067 dated the 4th October 1911—Santhikars.
Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maharaja of
T ravancore.
Read again : —
(1) G.O.No.L. R. 5208, dated the 22nd July 1906, ordering
the commutation into money of the paddy allowances of all Santhikars
at the rate of 11 chs. per para;
(2) Sadhanom No. L. R. 7453, dated the 12th August 1907,
raising the commutation rate to chs. 14 per para in regard to the Mel-
santhikars of the Suchindrum temple;
(3) Sadhanom No. D. 83, dated the 25th Dhanu 1084, raising
the commutation rate to chs. 14 per para in regard to the Santhikars
of the Thiruvarpu temple; and
(4) Sadhanom No. D. 3981, dated the 29th Kanni 1 085, raising
the commutation rate to chs. 14 per para in regard to the S anthikars of
the Thiruvaloor temple;
Read also:—
(5) The report of Mr. M. K. Ramachandra Row on Devaswoms,
paras 62 to 66 ;
16) The Proceedings of the Conference of the Peishcars held
from tne 10th to the 14th August 1908; and ,
(7) The Minutes of the Conference of the Peishcars held on the
24th September i 909.
Order thereon No. D. 5067, dated, Trivandrum,
4th October 1911.
In connection with the reorganisation of the Devaswoms, one of the
important questions for orders is the position and emoluments of the
Santhikars of the Devaswoms. From the returns furnished by the
Peishcars, it appears that there are 1,408 Santhikars distributed among
892 Devaswoms. According to the conditions of their tenure, the
S anthikars may be classified as below:—
' ( Paying a fixed adyara.
Karanma ■<
(Paying no adyara.

Non-Karanma j Paying no adyara. r For life.

1 Paying adyara j
( For a fixed term.
* The karanma Santhikars are those who hold the service here¬
ditarily. The non-karanma Santhikars are those who hold the service,
4 The karanma Proclamation and other orders relating to karanma service* ara
given imder Chapter XIX—Miscellaneous.
 but not hereditarily. Among both classes of Santhikars, there are
those who pay adyara and those who do not pay any adyara. The
adyara is a fee levied from the holder of the service in consideration of
the grant of the privilege of conducting it. The amount of the adyara
is, in some cases, fixed, but in others, it is variable. The adyara is
levied sometimes for granting the service for the lifetime of the holder,
in which case it is called purushantara adyara, or it is for a fixed term
of years. The non-karanma santhis which have no fixed adyara are
usually put up to auction and knocked down to the persons who bid for
the highest amount of adyara. The average annual revenue under the
head of adyara is Rs. 6,426. The sanihis which pay adyara, but
which are neither karanma nor purushantara adyara, are farmed out for
a term, sometimes for three, mostly for six, and rarely for twelve years at
a time.
2. The S-ar.thikars may also be classified, according to the nature
of the service they perform, into the Melsanlhies or the chief Poojaries,
and the Keezhsanthis or the assistants to the former. The substitute
who attends to the service during the absence of a permanent Santhi*
haran is called a Mullmanlhikaran-
3. Mr. Ramachandra Row as well as all the Peishcars have ex¬
pressed the opinion that the system of auctioning has demoralised the
Santhikars as a class, insofar as it has sometimes enabled persons
without any religious merit securing the service and ousting the really
pious and orthodox. As regards the levy of the adyara, however,
opinion is divided. Mr. Ramachandra Row considers that a system of
fixed adyara may be tried. The majority of the Peishkars, however,
think that the adyara should be abolished altogether, as being in the
nature of sale of public offices. His Highness’ Government after
careful consideration, resolve that the adyara should be wholly abolished
to all Santhikars. By.relieving Santhikars of this unnecessary burden,
the Government trust that the service will attract a really suitable class
of persons, who can be relied upon to perform their duties satisfactorily.
It has recently been the policy of the Government not to sanction the
auction of the santhis but to continue the holders of the service on the
payment of an adyara-upakari or proportionate instalment of the adyara
bid at the last auction. There may however exist santhis whose term
has not expired. In these cases, the adyara already paid will not be
refunded, but the holders will be allowed to continue to hold on until
the erpiiy of the period for which the services have been auctioned to
them.
4. No practical advantage will however result by the abolition of
the adiyara unless better qualifications are insisted upon for the santhi¬
kars than are now prescribed. On the proper performance of the santhi
service rests the sanctity of the temple. It is necessary therefore to
secure the best persons qualified for die service. The fitness of a person
 for performing the santhi service generally consists in the pure life he
leads, the conscientious manner in which he performs the service, and
the thorough knowledge of the nature and details of the service he has
to perform. In some temples, such as Suchindram, the Sanlhikars have
to be chosen from a limited circle. The customs and usages of the
different temples have of course to be adhered to in the selection of
persons for the santhi service. In view to the varying usages obtaining
in the several temples, it is not possible to lay down at once a uniform
test for determining the qualifications of the S anlhikflrs. At the same
time, it should be possible to choose the best among those eligible for
the service, if thej^eishkars would take the trouble to do so.
5. It has been explained supra that some santhi services are enjoyed
as karanma by some families. A family which has a subsisting karanma
right to perform the santhi service,of a’temple may continue to enjoy the
right as heretofore, so long as it produces competent members for the
due performance of the service. Service by proxy will not however be
allowed- If the karanma family has no competent member to perform
the service, the Government reserve to themselves the right to appoint a
competent person for the Santhi service until the k.aranma family
produces a competent member, the competency being determined as in
the case of the other sanlhikars. Any alienation by the family, of its
karanma right to the santhi service, will determine the right, and the Gov¬
ernment will hold the karanma family always liable for the irregularities
of the member of the family who actually performs the service. The
karanma santhikars will be subject to the same disciplinary control as
the other Santhikars-
6. The Santhikars of some Devaswoms are by custom nominated by
private individuals or bodies. These private individuals and bodies
may continue to enjoy the privilege of nominating the Santhikars of
such Devaswoms on the distinct understanding, (1) that the person
nominated should be certified in writing, by the person or the body of
persons nominating, as thoroughly conversant with all the details of the
service he has to perform in the temple for which he is nominated and
as otherwise qualified for the post; (2) that the nominee possesses good
character) leads a pious and vydik life and'may be relied upon to con¬
duct the service regularly and properly; (3) that, in case the nominee
misbehaves or does not attend-to the service properly or does anything
detrimental to the Devaswom, the Government reserve to themselves the
right to reject the nominee, if not already appointed, or to remove, or
suspend or otherwise deal with the Sanlhikaran, if already employed in
the service ; (4) that, in the event of the nomination being disapproved
by the Government or the Sanlhikaran being removed as aforesaid, the
person or body of persons who has the right of nomination should, on
requisition being made by the Tahsildar or by any superior authority,
recommend another proper person, irrespective of any term which may
have been granted to the first nominee ; (5) that the person nominated
 215

should himself conduct the service, unless prevented from doing so by

reason of illness, pollution, or for other similar cause beyond his control
which should at once be reported to the local authorities and leave of
absence obtained before quitting the station; and (6) that the Sanlhi-
karan will be held responsible for the safe-keeping of the jewels, vessels,
etc., in his custody, and he should deposit such security as may be
determined by the Government.

7. In regard to the santhis usually filled up by the Government, the

following procedure will be adopted:—(1) six months before a santhi
falls vacant, the Peishkar should publish a notice in the Gazette, and
also locally, calling for applicants and stating the qualifications needed
for the post, the emoluments attached, to it, and the security which will
be demanded; (2) all applications should be in the form prescribed in
Form A" attached to this order and should be accompanied by
approved certificates of qualifications and character; (3) all applications
should reach the Peishkar three months before the post falls vacant;
(4) the Peishkar should forward the applications to the Government,
stating his opinion as to who is the fittest person for the appointment;
(5) if there are no applicants, the Peishkar, i should recommend to the
Government a proper person for the vacancy; (6) all santhis hitherto
usually filled up by the Palace will continue to be so filled up: ( 7) in
the choice of candidates (or santhis, preference will be given to Malayala
Brahmins, and among them to those who are natives of Travancore,
provided they are qualified to perform the service and also provided that
the custom and the usage of the temple in which the sanihi is vacant do
not forbid the appointment of Malayala Brahmins for the service.
8. Certificates of qualification for santhis in temples, issued
l Pakaravoor Swamiyar. by the Persons noted in the margin, Will
<>' n'K.r.-»n»ii.,r be considered approved certificates. They
should be in Form B appended to this
Thazhainon Puti. order. No certificate should be issued,
Kalpakamaugaltithu Poti
Koovakara Puti. unless the person issuing the certificate has
Kulaknda Narnbi Panda personally examined the applicant in his
Bhadrakali Mattapalli knowledge of the details required for the
santhi and is satisfied that the applicant
belongs to the caste or sub-division of caste
eligible for the service. Certificates of
character, as per form prescribed in Appen¬
dix C : to this order, issued by any Gazetted
Officer of the Government, the Pakaravoor Periya Swamiyar, the
recognised Tantries of the Devasworas, and distinguished private gentle¬
men like the Thekkedathu Bhattathiri, the Vanjipuzha Pandarathil, etc.,
may be accepted. ___
These Forms have baen incorporated in Yol. I- Part I. Chapter VII of the Manual."
 216

9. As a general rule, no Santhikaran, except when the $anihi is

karanma to a family or given as purushantara service, will be con¬
tinued in service for more than three years at a time. The Government,
however, reserve to themselves the right to appoint a S anthikaran for a
longer term. A Santhikaran appointed for a term of years is liable to
be removed before he expiry of the term for irregularities proved,
10. It shall be the duty of a Santhikaran (I) to perform properly
and personally, and at the fixed times, the poojas and other services
according to the pathiou and custom of the temple, and generally to
promote sanctity of the temple which he serves; (2) to undergo aoorodhom,
■ reside in the sankelam and conform strictly to such other rules as are
customary in the temple; (3) to give full facilities for worship to devotees,
consistent with the rules and custom of the temple; (4) to conduct all
oazhtoadus offered in the best manner possible; (5) to give prasadom
to the devotees; (6) to preserve from pollution or destruction the
Bimbom, Vigrahams, the Saligramoms and such other holy things
within the Garbhagriham and keep the inside of the Garbhagriham
scrupulously clean and tidy; (7) to take charge of such ornaments and
utensils as are not removed from, or are customarily kept inside, the
Garbhagriham-, (8) to lock the Garbhagriham securely when he leaves
the temple after the poojas and to keep the keys safe in his custody,
(9) to examine carefully everything inside the Garbhagriham
when he comes and’opens the temple each day and to report immediately
to the local authority any suspicious circumstances noted; and (10) to
report at once to the local authority any accident which may happen to
the things in his charge.
11. The existing sources of income for the Santhikars are(l) the
nelludama, formerly fixed in kind but since converted into cash, (2) the
kooru, or the portion of the oazhivadus the oonari, the dakshina. the
keezhe.edu, and special allowances for extraordinary ceremonies such as
uisavoms, etc. All the Santhikars in all the temples do not get all
the above kinds of allowances. The pay of the Santhikars formerly
paid in kind but since converted into cash, is found to vary con¬
siderably. Some Santhikars do not get any pay, but only a portion
of the nioedyom cooked rice. In the Suchindrum, Thiruvarpu and
Thiruvaloor temples, the pay of the Santhikars has been commuted
into cash at the rate of 14 chs. per para of paddy, while the 5 anthikars
in the other temples have been allowed only a commutation rate of
11 chs- per para.
12. His Highness’ Government resolve that, in future, the pay of
the Santhikars should be fixed wholly on a money basis and not on a
paddy basis. All allowances now paid to the Santhikars in kind,
except any portion of the nioedyom cooked rice, the koezheedu paddy
 217

and rice and other articles given after use in the temples, should now be
converted into cash at ) 4 chs. per para of paddy and 10 fanams per
para of rice, Any extra emoluments, such as oil for bath, betel, nut,
etc., where they are now allowed to the Sanihikars, should also be
converted into cash at a fixed rate. All the allowances, except those
sanctioned supra to be paid in kind, will be added together and a
consolidated sum in cash will be fixed as the pay of each Santhikaran,
Each Peishkar should work out the details in regard to each of his
temples and forward to the Government a statement, before the 1st
Dhanu 10t57, in the Form D appended, showing the consolidated
amount of the pay of each Santhikaran per mensem. The Santhikaras
will continue to enjoy the kooru and may receive dakshina as hitherto.
13. Where there are several Minor temples within easy reach of a
Major temple, it may be advantageous to group them, and to make the
Santhikaran of the Major temple responsible for the service of the
group of Minor temples subordinate to it. The Peishkars will submit to
the Government their views as to whether this grouping is practicable,
and if so, how they would do it.
14. It is necessary, for the safety of the jewels and utensils in the
custody of the Sanihikars, that the latter should deposit security
in cash. No security need however be demanded for the custody of
articles, the value of which in the aggregate does not exceed Rs. 100.
The Peishkar should report what security should be demanded in each

(By order)
A. J. VIEYRA,
Chief Secretary to Government.

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 219

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 225

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cm® cruacujaoaawo, rruocDjaoasrofflPffli!) ogjasaacio siigerao a®™
(BToai.fflas (sroslyossssBaa <Bn_ioa!“a>O(ii0O(b Gcojaeraa&olci© c®S?®l
arocoHSt^snetoiOcaoro.
&($. coocrail<S9a®as arooflcoiinoneiaa iBT®(SfflsmsBe^asc^o
cuo©65B^.asK«o KnaMc^ocoH ooorealeeaoA ojamaocoTl gjaiajo ac&glaai
aeg^srra® ®i®ajctfjao:&crB. ag)cmo(o6 aaowrao oilaj =000 (®aJo
<s»KOi (Sjonoffiooio) nuoaiciosBe^as CTyjaaaljyisajdsa ®oa®io® gjoajajo
isrsoicgjaii-j^^jSomroKoioifemo. aaffimo mjoaxoflaaTleio ofiiCB) ®ogj
^ft<x2ia*,rre> (8i®Qjo|jagjsssngffi oQ)cno“, eojoafAoffi dl8g_jo<b§
ani<!Si6ne(Bio<acna.
aenaraailafcig-jtaoroo
qQ). a a- ailtooa,
ooaiaaacibo -oilo-Ci" arru^gcfl.

G. O. No. 3218ID. dated 23rd August 1913 re.—Powers 0

Sirkar Officers over Santhikars nominated by private persons.

(to<fifeio(b ffieaimusBB§laej oooorailcfla ggsgjooc (8i®ao<ssioab <sro

ailc9i0®<?ss. <m®§.(8>Oo<sa” raroairaas s(uffl!aT|aiffloc9j06rDl^ o®^(oP®ro
oD)<flacrr>(t»loogjo.®roi woiara rrfloi'alaaannrilaoo fflrcaiuriaAogast&ccso
c/slaffiWoqjo aocioanJSjomrBilcrao aag, (jrocdlatiffia'lagjcroo ortwifiaro
ctfloaia iiflasgjgom ®i®^.ca>OotSa <Bismof|S)ia>c>§g;paoo gQQgiss (STOodl
«&oioo orucejgKg c4a(Biai^«oo£T30(£2) maoc/sW sacsfeo aoaaoasmcroo
 327

(saciinrujoajfflli^oraoatiosmcran^ r. .xi *£!_ rooK&aaio rsTtG^osaiiiao

mjo (tf-ooce-@> oOfDS)-o®g) cnautolffli £6ns03D|ga. wjyomjlaulo^oru]
CDD®6 t^(ft®aa-5§(5rt!)liSr!§0. |D<S QTlQiOQJo CCoO^® g-jO§ GCZKO&QJ
cftotoo o®^fflil®ro3D^jg!” corslm'agjcnso <aogrrf'iy cnoo4ffllg_]0giaej ®<ts>
§ ®iral ®c9sioga«wo.
siSgjaocan cnoa^ffligjogicooffii roicQiaWa.yg csoaraiasoBcii)
assoeilaa ffitmocojcrjoasmcnoo ffrc<n>oegas aioaioosoSi cftsflmarffllgla^avo
a>sr@a<a6 ®© ooonroltSsiooacnsssiDsnfRnacrn szejo saoeil oosirojflGcs®
sngjSJo, rat® oBoarolcKioocrb ffiaoeflaa aaMGojooagjmio cftoejooaaflirsflcfra
Gojastfl ag)crao ceb06TOag-J§0[D6 Ksiasi-mam ®r®®g rarMaig-joaii 00004®]
g_jo§ Gaia® c^^fBflisrDtaiGtmjffrego oisajcno.

G. O. No. 377ID. dated 29th January 1915 re: Security deposit

by Santhikars Nominated b| Thanthries,

.oilaj ®!flflS!@6Bt3alaej oooooilas'Cioa® ndlffiamcraisim® faiDoaiaacm

coflcro (sucrojlaoci) cooo-^mlo-iosazoib, ^(tnejoca'aiafe §dgo_[oOo (srsoJ<9>o
c/oa^gltflascrngDo (Biriyc&ooo <sraoj<i> ^ajotoa-aja&cac^om
<a>®g (Tuafaomnffi6oo9aioo sgso&fia® CDioDiizl^auoaoj ®rasBals>a> ansa®)
gas oDocroilaaoo® sraaiaa coltnta'l^lgga Gcaaueissegflaai (sTIksqjos®
6mmea? qay>Qio®> ailaJoJlsl^ (tuoaocoiSBOo ao_iecaocolaacmo ®ooj
ooT|<o6 caoojaicTB (srMJilfflciDgjodl Gxuoej©g-j§GcnjoDa <srcai<6 o®aj|®s
asBaiaascmo (moaiasasajasuDi oolcnoo ajzrtnai ogj^aihcoo ggirsoaso
®a®aT>o ajjoaraawiflaioajo (sroaifflco ^BaJOiJoaa-cucgi fflrocQ.'cfl®cm <bt®^.
c&alastcralmob (sroolaiOai) aojgalgpafln a.6n§aJGScnri®o @0® oruaacxb
cjmejlfflaiio ©afticgjg corolc2ioasl|sa.Bi^offirago em®a>oa'0(o& G2>eJo®6
ftn£@1aoti>, co0Q4©la-jos.T20(i> £3!®aiooo>OLi<i c/ooof®lcss>oo6)ffl cggo-ioAc®
a^K^SBOgjgCmrruacQio ooooro51(9jcy(iyffin crs^tdiotIoo GoQiocDjrmoQjasni
cross naxiglaxilasoq, iggsoam Geaimj_ioo_i(DW<ao<Bo <TUo6njcnjdi^|“
'flabcPcP-oo ani)«o ®TDG<|j06nj(iiao.TL'o d-ooaa- ©oar|6)_oa@
ooai)(03ca>i a.arsoai’lgaa. ©(gjoordlau'.ocd’avTlffii crQ-oo ai*gjp®ej rooaj
gj9_)a:0<oo (giraani) crua<noffi"lct5&crjicrK>o isroro® m^c/xroladlasi aflaatcoTl
aacm Gao06rDlace>§kua^<Tn®9aD ro>3Q)!X}o 0<tnejo s> as oimpaa-ncnosa
•rotlffiaio^o nru&glaxflaaoo, oooKffiOGaasnafDioajOB o0crro ©(BisJiOq-J?
(BtuTI (sratoTlaa^o t9OffiaJ0fflai cosffiTrolaa€isns«S)Oc6ioro.
 228

G. O. No. 624|D, dated the 7th Kumbhom 1089

re: Responsibility for Karanma Service.
<saaiTOJ5BBg>ei €8.o®a3T(2)iajcymfDn<flao®3ffl) c/aacro'eisiofh *(}<&
cmod> qrtnaiooaiaiA isroaifflaiaBSS d&Soauaio^isaOo gowoa.aiogjjcm nroaxio
(STDOia^ taomosnsoDjocoTl orulacflgj’ifaB. (ajaj©®l<aGa<SI° eococa.a-icgai
Ksrrr)«5>3CQjo ffim«jP,acr>gjodl n-f!mfl§ <s©ojetacuWcto a4os>x-j§om®D
co?i|o csjosrto.'maao (arctsile&jcgs a® cyj-ua'UD «.aias6r@®oaioiyao<0>
coiod) aronsilsicng-iooi imssajonjl^raiiroi a.o.tmsra<^aj®foi! o_i®lsrovail
ggg. atts *§o>mo eo'/o cosgg>rmd3>osugg5’ t£bciiD3SfC2j{yc^fflrO)'iacn) eocol
caaocib cuoslagjmoo eo^i-gd *§osn)SBsa'i.-oi a®£)o'tolej0@sle«!aa
a4®oarao®i<o6 <mA t&g-jssraa istditoOd c&ofDosmi^cyeav.sico) oos
®rdilc99CTTi(nilao 040 rsa) gaaoinioasmcnae !srace)OOo(t5iacim0a2-'o fsroesio
^.«s aiffl3(tj)ligjce>C(Do org) A^osmowlffli oQjfg) coosuodilejag. <Brssac&ia&
Scaaossnso (gjojOTrod onsoton^iarmR*!!* oil«®ocnals>£jcntio aftSf^g^aoifO
ojlraiasioajo <ai®ffi<n>ig)(a<tir(nlao ^sraeajoOa a£j)gJo oaosnxlRojo^slcyga.
aifolch aio^ n jftnf.<H?i^_imrK-o7lsaatiifh eajoejIoosfsrmidaarHuilCTO .ajaumej
^oamo®! roitatsaaroo c^merne® aiggo<.'>og2.s>®™° ag)$<B>l«roa»_£yl®
croraflstro <e>gjl.iy 8YncraaJal^\^c863aT>®0Q2>l siao^oioo crudiocotoocgjcMO
o® @siai>-aa@ mconolsi a agio <x cy-ore-ogjtffui'to oruocoooo
aitnilfoldfflacBiisni' §0® aflairao ag^o tebofoasroi ■ta=)qj(uwni<8aoos®a®o
aang)S)g-J§fottsTl'SrefgjAOroo ooBrorml(8o9sisnS(3>Dii3on».

G. o. No. 22051D. dated 2nd July 1914

re: Qualifications for Karanma Santhi.
61® c/oooaf! 61® AgoaDScoTOMM <aofflosirucfi)OBriOT(moQjo rars <8,=o
stti«snnl6>eJ ag>£ja <sia>§.ca>§o c/McmHonswgrm®! id gmocoj^coiaBoi
(ooooil aJffloojanrogj. (BroraTlcoo<c6 coojasmaiq, 6>Q_)omj’laoW’au
imocffimjftO^ ^9 GdM3!©(OT)il6>aj oaoatnld5aoia®o oooamla3Sgecrn®l
anas <83»acg;(tnDm.'A§loifl<3aoq, onoaraaGoMsngftnacamD.

G. O. No. 3187/D. dated 21st August 1915

re: Qualification for Keezh Santhi.
"4® cnsffi.tmffnsrmo® nji'ZfOieKmlgyo®® ce^t/c/ooao>lc9s>o®fflS ail
oi:®(crit»l(t56 Gcmocgj tr ooru(l)§lQiflc9s;OQ, <sig)alooj2ig^OftSKj)®o
cngj costmoiQ^ga. rt’ut&g'ia-Q'WoQaoigjo aoosaeocSsiiooioBb aoCl^oAsia
tnoaaffio s©*™.
G. O. No. 3945 / 3948 dated 7th October 1915
‘re: Representation of grievances by Santhikars.
.oflej ®cftMig>S8i3gr)6)ej oooms^oib fflAogoiD'nrirriffifijcg^jO oofgcafeo
s.Txelg aflAsjlAOo OTJ'Ui^aiKsrm.maoaii aostccttd, ooocm- <fl>0ffl06rans<E>o
ao^ajtaarasjKjfleejo aoo, eeaJnrvjo stkumcsaoo
6'fflSo-jos)ai 6D<s oooawlasioosso (tsiaowflaisoffljas d?sf aiiffimWfitci
6i ;jgaitij6)6tiDCTaaa So too eacurru_io a_®iaaj“cftOfflo (Tuosiairabl^
=0 ab ja a. ®ro<8<ftosnj<h a ®-00:13- <o'af>o@-oa® cncoifflo^oTi &6nso
ool|ga. cnai©.maba B<y3m>lAJo1ca7mj~<o6 axoi- oasisiro aid’iylKJj
(^rfwnaoooil gjlaiaxasiOib (arDaj<aias& oruas6ges>g
g^ool srog-orai ffiaej-jo'iAo®! ^suoaoilfflacyosKBi scorn .g” 01 g=co ©ao§o
ro-OTsleaiogaO ao&slA x- cBsm3cuin-jl<aa.'o:sinyicnoae colsjgigKiilqD ai'.sroo
anaodA migjAoao aniaiAOo arDoa^acsans ngj@<58o araiooo<Big
§g.(§r aJolT-Joii^aaaiq, gfosnoasroTlfflciiio gasm.woiSsejaaDai! se<ij cos
o_isl QSSicn <d!q,®KM5i> ffl-aiEgjam® <s©ojogjaj° angArra. (Brornii
coo<o6 <saejo®6 ooooovctaorli (mogiwffiaaJuiiAoml ^ajDorolcoagjos)® gcr)
(Dig fflA3§0!0;!5rcfl6>£J3 aossatflsio aoiigAfflrDcnig.j3oii Q-iosiasyaasaojinunn
(9M5m go® raHoaicaiinciloi (Btuoai'^siorfi tg-jergjcfto
gt^lalC^<SjJO ffl^JS.2)SrB(B10Art».

G. O. No. 1473/D."" dated the 9*h May 1916

re: Qualification or Muttu Santhies.
c/gi.afiQ3o ajrai&iioa) ffitftaa@6®:s)gffig-jo®ai rgraausaoaKxftsj'Usi, <&,s
s>&0§£6>, crjroifijoco; ag^aJo^ag fficfifiitgjffiBaacg’ljy aoctsg. a<au®«s&
aid* mitoicaaoejo (5|oooa»lifl5a easooTjfijiom (hgladWoaa&aidi <eT:§a
©TOloJcftMo arg CTU(4^Q_Q'ii6',Oai£S3SOait!l(Bl®ClTl C/OOOrofldM eXOCD|(t!ia?|aSrB
cno r»oo«f)(0&93<i& sroioorocm rB©§.ce>6ia.atBfflOsn§ opoowl cnsrarmhsscrn
railioi oileffiocuzrigjOffiTDiSSo og)CfT>o<cs6 sroouh oogj cnstmrocgjgaft. cru<bgl
(iflldooq, (g>aa=)AOfflo aDoa.roffitfasn§©“ isi®aic/Bjajaoc&<r£0(o6 (Bro§j<a>o<oo
OTS(OTn1oJ0CTOg&6)OTff» (mncoi^/taornrai ©co Aflj1.ggaEaJ8l.aj itol
d38cm©jcB>i ©Asgamo 'awbQjoai!cai3gj<9aoo«s cu 6 si-oar® oocmrolitsi
ffiaso „p cd-Oocra- ogi^ttnto cruooxoc aJcrnlro!c9s>6ica>osrt§ (SKKoilirB;|n^o
cnsrainvlsasisnsttsiaAaTti.
 230

G. O. No. 2491 |D dated the 7th August 1916

r'e: Appointment of unqualified men for Santhi Service- j

(sronogQJdaaoQjo c/aaxia^«Sce«ajo coo

CTofisa <sr5xs£(is)g-j§CTT)(tjnaD a_j'0<TUjoa.a-K§)<®lta& rruihJlajilcSsiOQ.rajaol
(STOSoJoam ffisoiDtul^l^;gfsigjffiBo ®roffiodlal«5®o (mdiasioa.'o
cosnJcSjooara'tnatTD <gi©<aal oososrcsl^.oiracrKi o®cnoo ^fflilsaic^ <as
nufio^soomnancoo ara oyoiTun g_*3n30s<a.ir®^ <siaaicg)0aa2n<tfidM<TTO
a® era a .j®5f<oriaicno” a®$®!®©a2J„ajl<cgttn:w'iaT> agjaonJlcuTloco mjlco6
aosrao c/oocrofliSSo ^mDoir&osiaanBs (S>oej;Tuc6iJjai.a_jo aaaocgjOTomxiig'l
oxildsaoa Qfio®BO<eacmoJ6)(o (Warm isisssiaosns'Biofflsrocreo oigssawo
<iil.£yi|S&®®aJos>&i aroslcn'OiflioajoaicBliwlcfn ooorroiWOocflSaJcafflo
laTOSR^agjS.wqcroirolaa ajfflrayoaojajjflnlai cWDoBsoiiflaoQJsa o-iai
CiSfiiissee^lffiQicgjao <sia<8a<6»^aicm1§l£a<isY!»®o (srasralalrarroocnsci-j
c®ocTOlcSsiOOa(Daj9a06n| or.stsrfr^manfinocrifl <a>asnocm@o <m®Acns
o®moo o_i©mj)s)ra)la&! ®?&Jg)'gJ<9>:><oo mi<b§ladl<aaoci oooKroOdwfl taro
SojfiaflcSaorarroaJtftMo ggojsamrtn syjaiauooaao-nifflljy cosg^oaoawlaao
oarosidteosni <marrr> saejo cosnswalcaacnigjaaro) cismcnaoeari fflraoaa rrv
glo_Qltflaoq.®soaffi) aarmftnicra Q-iDsl^offifliDlasmo ogjonoo <srD<a_)
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oUOTsT!<a6^)§rwajoain rruacooraam a®aOoiwaaT) (8rocol*caoeio c/oooakos
<8©TOi6nslai<iS(Tn<isoa6imaioo cracaigcyoamo n4<w<«>>og.a&. .ajigjomioai
awalseKSa (TuA§ladl«saoci ajossel craoasfl n®OedM<mfi»lc» <yl®agj§
cm® oruacoorasnocma^jCTra t9j06rrc><im<of'ar»<B6 a-<orrg)«na>laej c^joinfUCsra
era(Tv>©1^° ooocnnlcflffl <Braaajraaficflfflcma.’<b mj<b£la-rilde®oa iook®Oc9sio
a<W33n©lcearma_i<ftmo-sracniaCto c®aort»)c8s nyussi oigiaacroo cnBTntr.ooTlini
igo^Jo ^agjjcnoo tejOaramrwoQaJocjft (BYDoiara ascayroofficuoaej nru<i§laxfl
cflaotiAOoaio tfel^rmsaj5,ffl^a0 (wrabcSM&iflioain <3T®<flffli ansrarol]c09cm
im\ao o^Ag-jog a^s^janiaimmoo (Tu<b§la-ci]asioq,ie>aoa<o tftlgoaroaso
oosg_jc8>0c6& aaejo cosOT^cmrailcra (srosaJdsmiaTlgjoaOTcQjci oifficm (srooi
nvxMsaalctfi ge<D oflcuo ass rujoj run gog-jo,tsraiojcft8io <ro®6affloajo ms
cruossBOocea ^scqjarfOc&aacntio fficsiartiamg) ag;cnDo srgiseioxul^ gqjstb
g.(mr3)®Qjsrieoc95s<T>5j0cr0o ogj^rataj <ruoa>coo ojrfrflfflltSarrnfmlcrD0
 231
• mtKcr'fffigrio (Bxn6<««oejo ansasTl arastOTDfltegrrnrariao sracoaia'i
raltfiacno. o®rmo<cs6 <saiu6(g_}i9iO<oo (aiaasil msora icfiacmg waiamuaicj,
(BroaDaJoefflrarmo^^sl ffiojenssso JMnocnoa'Wsflcnooa'1 ag)Sjffiii!8TOcc;cgaar)
61sg-jO(i^l®6 oociugo i?(inaj03i ®r®Qjo®)4a& oy>aaj aflaj®<ise§.o ims
«Bla»lffll8A.'6TisS}ao*cno.
G-. 0. No. 0. 4029 dated X 1th December 191(i.
re Security deposit of Sanrhiknrs.
Government sanction the following rides with reference to
the securities to be taken from Santhikars in temples where Akfeara-
desis or Ikkaradesis are exclusively employed as Santhis or where
they are alternatively employed as such:—
1. In temples, where, as in the Thiruvaitar for instance, the
santhies get a decent pay, the money portion of the first year’s pay
will, instead of being paid to them, be credited, month after month,
towards their security- The paddy portion oE their pay will be
regularly paid to them. After the first year, both the money
and the paddy portions will be issued regularly. Thus, the money
portion of their first year’s pay will be reserved with Government
as security.
2. In temples where the pay of Santhies is small, the secu¬
rity may either be dispensed with or fixed at Ks. 50 or Rs. 100
according to circumstances. In cases where this security of Rs, 50
or Ks. 100 is necessary, the Santhies may be required to deposit the
amount at the commencement af their Santhi.
3. These rules will come into force fofthwith-
G. O No. 3310 D. dated 21st October lb 18.
Avarodham Expenditure.
<8rD<flfflffiffieob1c6>§.o sjcSfflmeacralcftjgo ooocan! aosfflgscm <s<aai
©sasglaai c®ooo>lc8aoaffi®,3acm§ <a§<eale<e«i<5n3 eocaeml n»ai6ro<&a'i
ajoedd gofflSOtSsiOQJcrnrsioSisrncno *gJcnfej*O(0o (bflAxya^gl®!
«3cman3C£8c>...fficeflj©(isim:6)ej Moormla>siO<B3o ‘lagjosnjrw smirnmirf, g.Oo
6>g-j jojaacnoo cfcosnocmnsTiroocafi • • • mxzan^^ititeaoioEScuorsia) ooctu
a«mnl«D6o-ilsT^ eawamol ffis«c39ana<»0A«».
(8rnaiffi.ooma.o^iOTro1«^ig)Tn:Ooco2ocq;o aji»l
oj&a xulaiajo coS(gta)cm@fe9<SQ6)TO fflroaisroocujsJlajcgjj aareojoTiallcssi
smaacno c&cupicoo®ei atlsnjmbrnmldi aOosity^a'tBbo «roisj,e,0fflo
QDO9ifflO(wl<il<0acrnQJ<flko ojisTlajaujasaJo^aa. .afleiqj aaabooocrm
cnsaitOTistBSlo a_iiDlo$,o<o®rcnl<aS> oolafflitrui si.oicsjf)|aa. tsiaja-iaOo odok
iD0cs»l(^,<fl£31fl.an)0 isroowii sad^sro6><a>o§g-(}<eaacB)a ajus^ar® msaicaj
rilgjixsrwgiaoAflra.
 232

G. 0. No. D. 3471 dated 7th November 1918.

Oanthikars — without time limit, from the same family,
a© oootralcftDajeaittri i^soa® a<s© Agoswrarnriioi aslcnco
o^tnocTDo onbosussBOo @s^j®otsjTl cnsosYwlairaaaaioOo w® c&§osru
tssiO* (81® c/oocmfl 10)000602aaosromo (Bite^icgaOro ssaJMrmgin (eja^-m
(ruoco«h'loc5'!co6 gog-j^sum© ooonroWoroerb qjniia-iostisra) (aomsmoroioob
<fi>ooo6n2a»oa6mr™ (goim.J',®4ru>©air> aios'l^p|aa.nn3a«o ^rmoob so
suaOo aoroo aDOKootSffl'.odrigiagjcnoo t&osocrmjgo sioajcfoOo gDjjyo.<ntjfl
sesiwogo (8>a&io w® oioSo <TuJtaogjzi6!ajcno aicraorrxtswcQflroljiSaSS
aTlejo gota oooaroic0«iora©rD AJaioaiaTi i^soaot eaojo atjy oosssiofl
dsscrog) ^cii fi )Qgia-J Saji gjlssa aioSioitsTlatn fflcrra^sT stuatgo-^ sow)
'anai gosQJffiomasi)aawag.@02:D,Ti%0 s3fiJo®6 goo ojdso aoi<06>ajo
mjjl*ol<96>mmc9«i(Diagjono oij*(ts>a3<!i96>6ns<g) <sr®cucgjao<fl>:2>o<o4 go
Gg_jaOo aaa cooaoflosaooacr) saejo cury rosimrindsarrog! ojjrfi/niagj.
(srorDTar>o<s& gosg^ossaast® oooatsioaaocam aoooi tseoiocojcno®)
saifflo aoo©a coitonaicea YnttaictD ea-isBajlatico cftDsrbla^ rsraoo)
ffiiaaSTBrnOtacro.

G. O. No. E. 5! 41 dated 29th November 1920.—

Preference in appointment of Santhikars.
Government are at one with the Principal of the Sanskrit College
in the view that the Veda Section of the College is at present not as
popular as it should be and that every effort should be made to make
it more attractive. The Principal suggests that applicants for the post
of Santhi, hwaraseoa and Puranapatanam in temples should be required
to produce certificates of having undergone a course of instruction in
the Veda Section. In regard to Puranapatanam, it may be noted that
there are not. many posts of that description, and that, even in respect of
the few that exist, the applicants should possess a better knowledge of
classical Sanskrit than what is now imparted in the Veda Section. In
regard to Santhi and Isuiarasaia, a course of Vedic study is no doubt
an advantage ; but some acquaintance with the details of Pujakfllpa will
be necessary in addition. The present arrangement in regard to the
filling up of posts of Santhikars, etc., is to call upon the applicants to
 233

produce certificates of qualification from those who are competent to

issue the same. While this arrangement will have to be continued,
sanction is accorded to preference being given to men who have passed
through a course of ins’ruclion in the Veda Section of the Sanskrit
College for service as Sanlhikars and Iswaraseoakars, other things being
equal and other conditions being satisfied. The necessary instructions
in the matter are being issued to the Dewan Peishkars.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 252,of 23.'G. B. dated ! 2th April 1923

Powers of Devaswom Officers over Santhikars appointed from the
Palace. , » »

Government sanction the following powers being conferred on the

officers of the Devaswom Department over Sanlhikars appointed from
the Palace : — •
(1) The Superintendent is empowered to fine the Sanlhikars to
the extent of Re. (1) one at a time.
(2) The Assistant Commissioners are empowered to fine them
Rs. (2) two at a time and to place them under suspension for a period
not exceeding one month and for making temporary arrangements for
the conduct of the work consistent with the cus*om of the Devaswom
concerned.
(3) The Commissioner is empowed to fine such Sanlhikars
Rs. (5) five at a time-and to. suspend them for a period not exceeding
three months.
All other punishments should be reported to Government.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 343/34|Dev. dated the 23rd June 1934, sanc¬

tion for the opening of the Santhi school. ,
With reference to the Correspondence ending with your letter
No. 277IP. R. dated the lOih February 1934, 1 have the honor to in¬
form you that, in the circumstances stated, Government sanction the
conducting of a school at Thiruvella for training men for Santhi service
in the Sirkar Devaswoms on the lines proposed by you at a total cost
of Rs. '3367) three thousand three hundred and sixty seven as detailed
in the accompanying statements as a temporary measure for one year
with effect from the 1st Chingom 1110, the expenditure being met by
diversion from the lump provision under * Extraordinary expenditure
in the Devaswom Fund Budget._
* Appended below.
 234

(ENCLOSURE I.)

(ENCLOSURE II.)
Letter C. No. 104/P. R„ dated 6th November 1933 (21-3-109)
from the Devaswom Commissioner to the Chief Secretary to Govern^

I have the honor to address Government on the subject of training

persons for Santhi service in the Devaswoms under the control of thi?
Department. The present system of recruiting as Santhikors men who
produce certificates from the persons specified' in G. O. No. D. 5067,
dated 4th October 1911, has been found to be unsatisfactory. Many
of those who produce such certificates do not possess a working know?
ledge of Sanskrit and are not able to pronounce even the Mantrams, etc,,
correctly. The desirability of replacing such half educated and ill-
qualified men by learned and capable persons who would command the
respect and confidence of the worshippers, and the inauguration of
measures for securing a sufficient number of such men to do Pooja
services in the manner ordained by the Sastras has been repeatedly
 235

urged in several sessions of the S. M. P. Assembly as well as in the

local press.
Mr. Ramachandra Row b. a. and b. r... High Court Judge on
deputation, wbo made a thorough study of the working of the Deva-
swoms has remarked as follows in paragraph 1 5 of his report on ‘ Puri¬
ficatory ceremonies:—’
“ It will appear from the foregoing that the qualifications required
for the Office of a Santhikoran are of a very high order.He
should be learned in the Vedas, Agamas and Sastras . .. The
utmost care should be bestowed therefore in selecting learned, devoted,
virtuous people as Sanlhikars, and laxity in this direction should be
carefully watched and checked if our temple institutions are to be
centres of blessing which they are intended to be. Their merit and
popularity depend on the purity, knowledge and wisdom of the Acharya.
.It is therefore of first rate importance to prescribe an educational
qualification for candidates who desire to be employed as Sanlhikars

. This subject was also brought up for discussion in the conferences

of the Assistant Devaswom Commissioners held in this Office some
time back and there was a consensus of opinion in favour of starting an
institution to train men for Santhi service. The necessity of improving
the qualifications and morale of the Sanlhikars was also hinted at in
the concluding paragraph of the first administration report' of the Deva¬
swom Department by Mr. Raja Raja Varma, the first Devaswom
Commissioner.
There are at present no institutions where instructions in ‘ Pooja-
vidhis’, etc., are imparted to pupils who wish to qualify themselves for
Santhiship. It is not likely that private individuals or bodies would be
coming forward to start and maintain such an institution until they are
confident that there would be an adequate demand for trained S anlhi-
fairs and until the kind of tuition and the nature of the subjects to be
taught are definitely fixed.
To induce men to resort to such training, the posts to which they
can look up should be sufficiently attractive. Except in very large and
important temples the emoluments attached to the posts of Santhikors
We at present comparatively poor and unless the prospects of the
S anihifatrs are improved it may not be possible to secure men with
proper training and capacity for the work. I am taking measures sepa¬
rately to reorganise the staff of Santhikors so as to ensure the supply of
an adequate number of ready capable candidates for the places, without
at the same time causing a heavy drain on the Devaswom Fund.
Meanwhile it appears to be necessary to start, as an experimental
measure, a School for training men for Santhi service, under the control
 236

and management of ihe department both for the purpose of setting a

model, as well as for getting a sufficient number of well qualified men
for appoin'ment as S Qnthikars- I consulted the leading Tantries on this
matter and all of them are in favour of opening an institution of the
kind referred to and confining, as far as possible, the selection of Santhi-
kars from people trained there. They are even prepared to forego their
long established righ:s of nominating1 and"certifying candidates for
Sanlhi posts, in favour of the proposed system. They have furnished
me with a syllabus of studies extending to a period of one year and
Paramboor Bhattathiri and Thazhamon Tantry, who are the Secretaries
of the Tanry Sabha, have also undertaken to supervise the teaching
and examination of pupils, in the proposed Santhi School. Copy of the
Syllabus forwarded by them is enclosed.
In view of the above circumstances I would recommend the start¬
ing and conducting of a School for training suitable persons for Santhi
service in'the Departmental Devaswoms, the duration of the School
being 1 mited, for the present, to one year. The location of the School
has to be so arranged as to be within easy reach of the Thazhamon and
Paramboor Illom and I think it would be well to have it at Thiruvelia,
attached to the local Sri Vallabha Swamy temple (Thiruvalla Deva¬
swom). The School can be held in the Sankara Mangalathu Matom
which is situated !o the west of the temple. It is a convenient building
to accommodate the School.
In order to attract a sufficient number of pupils with average edu¬
cational qualifications to join the new Santhi Class, arrangements for
their tuition may be made at the cost of the Department and they may
be given a small monthly stipend of Rs, 7 each to meet their boarding
expenses etc. The expenditure to be incurred by the Department on
account of conducting the School is shown in the accompanying
statement.
The staff of the proposed School is to consist of two teachers to
give tuition on Manlrams, Tantrams, Poojavidhis etc., each of them to
he paid Rs. 20 per mensem besides a drawing master who is well
versed in decorative drawing and with knowledge of Silpa Sastra to
instruct the pupils in the various modes of decorating the bimboms etc.,
on Rs. 15 per mensem and a peon on Rs. 9 per mensem.
To begin with, twenty-four pupils may be admitted to the School
and in selecting them preference may be given to men who have under¬
gone a course of studies in Vedas and Sastras and who can be expect¬
ed to lead a pious Vaidic life. The selection may be made by a board
consisting of the two Tantries referred to and the local Devaswom
Superintendent or any other Devaswom Officer so empowered.
 237

Expenditure under items other than those already mentioned come

under furniture, stationery, lighting, miscellaneous etc., and these are
given in details in the appended s'a’emeni. The total cost on account
of the School may amount to Rs. 313-1-0-0 under recurring and
Rs. 233-0-0 under non-recurring expenditure or, roughly Rs, 3367.
In the circumstances explained 1 reques’ the Government may be
pleased to sanction the opening of a School on the lines mentioned
above, as a temporary measure, for a period of one year, the funds re¬
quired on this account^ during the current year being found by diversion
from the lump provision under ‘ Extraordinary Expenditure' in the
Devaswom Fund Budget.

(ENCLOSURE III.)

Letter No. 277/P. R,, dated 10-2-1934/28-6-1934 from the Devaswom

Commissioner to the Chief Secretary to Government regarding
Santhi school.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 2080/33|Dev., dated
the 17th January 1934 re; training person for Santhi service in Deva-
swoms, I have the honour to furnish below the information called for
therein. Each of the points is dealt with seriatim : -
1. The proposed school for training persons for Santhi service and
the recruitment of men for santhi service from among that thus trained
will not affect the present system under which certain private bodies
and religious dignatories have the power of nominating persons as
Santhikars in certain temples. I may add that the Santhikars nominated
by private bodies or religious dignatories are but few and they may be
left alone for the present. The recruitment of Santhikars in temples in
which the department has to appoint men need alone be made from
among the men trained in the Santhi School. Later on, when the
system is proved to be a decided improvement upon the existing one,
the private bodies or religious dignatoties who nominate Santhikars in
the few temples stated above may, if Government deem fit, be asked to
confine their selection to persons who have undergone training in the
proposed Santhi School.
2. The present proposal will not affect Karanma santhis. Such
Karanma Santhikars are also but few and when the Santhikars of other
Devaswoms are invariably selected from persons (rained in the Santhi
School it is very likely that Karanma families will also send their
candidates for being trained in the school.
3. I have consulted the Tantri Sabha_ which has among it*
members most of the Tantries in the State and it is the syllabus drafted
 238

ty the Secretaries of the Tantri Sabha that I have submitted for the
approval of Government. I had also officially addressed Tharananalloor
Namboorippad on the matter and copy of the reply received from him is
enclosed. It will be seen therefrom that he,has also agreed to the
proposal under reference.
4 Santhikars are now appinted by adopting the procedure
detailed in para 7 of the G. O. No. D. 5067 dated 4th October 1911.
The certificates of qualification issued by persons mentioned in the mar¬
gin of para 8 of the G. O. are now recognised and accepted by Govern¬
ment. This procedure, evidently, was introduced as there was no insti¬
tution competent to train and certify candidates for Santbi’s posts. When
the Santhi School is started and a sufficient number ol persons arei trained
there will no more be any necessity for men procuring certificates from
the persons referred to and it can be laid down that applicants for
santhi posts should produce the certificates issued from the Santhi
School- Until a sufficiently large number of men are available persons
trained in the proposed Santhi School may be preferred to men newly
producing such certificates. Government have only recognised the
persons mentioned above as competent to grant certificates to candidates
for Santhi service but are not under an obligation to appoint the men
certified by them.
. It will thus be seen that the proposal will not in any way contra¬
vene any of the existing G. O.'s, rules or practices on the subject.
In the circumstances I request that Government may be pleased to
sanction the scheme proposed by me at an early date.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 492/34/Dev., dated 4th August I9j4. Sanction¬

ing the Santhi School at Thiruvella being called @T' - eca,
SBU48! o_::OT;ai as also sanctioning the rules for the conduct
of the school.
With reference to your letter No. A./P. R„ dated the 18th July
T934. re: conducting a school at Thiruvella for training men for Santhi
service in the Sircar Deyaswoms, I have the honor to inform you that,
as proposed, Government sanction the school being named “Sri Chitro-
daya Deva Pooja Patasala” (ics7'^«i®:e a, ^roao'e,).
2. Government approve of the set of rules herewith returned pro¬
posed to be issued for the conduct of the school.
.3. It 16 noted that an agreement in the form approved by the
Head Sirkar Vakil will be taken from the students who secure admis¬
sion to the school.
 239

G. O. R. Dis. No. 787135/Dev., dated 30th August 1935, sanction¬

ing the continuance of the Santhi School.

With reference to your letter No. 758/110|P. R„ dated the 30th

June 1935, regarding the “Sri Chitrodaya Deva Pooja Patasala ”
opened at Thiruvella for training men for Santhi service in the Sirkar
Devaswoms in the State, I have the honour to inform you that, in the
circumstances stated, Government sanction the following :—
(i) that the period of study for the pupils now in the School be
extended from one year to two years enlarging the present syllabus
suitably;
(ii) that separate classes be opened for Malayala Brahmins and
the Nambiathis and Elayathus, the total number of students to be admit¬
ted for the year 1111 M. e. being 72 as against 24 in 1110; and
(iii) that the undermentioned staff etc,, be entertained for the
conduct of the school —
(a) instead of the present 3 teachers, five teachers be appointed,
a Headmaster on Rs. 35, 1st Assistant on Rs. 30, two others on
Rs. 25 each and the 5th on Rs. 20 per mensem,
(ib) grant of a maximum honorarium of Rs. 10 per mensem to
an Ayurvedic grant-in-aid Vaidyan or a Sirkar Medical Officer for
visiting the school and an allowance of Rs. 5 per mensem to one of the
Devaswom Fund Employees to attend to 'the correspondence work in the
school;
(iv) the total cost for the conduct of the school on the above
lines for the year Mil m. b. amounting to Rs. (9,636) nine thousand
six hundred and thirty six as per details contained in the statement
received with your letter under reference be charged to Devaswom
Fund.
2. Government also approve the drafts of rules and Udampadi for¬
warded with your letter under reference. Copies of the same may be
forwarded direct to the Superintendent, Government Press, who has
instructions to publish them in the Gazette and furnish you with 100
copies as requested.
 240

[ENCLOSURE].
Revised Rules for the conduct of Santhi School.
,0 so® ojoooooaiag^sslailsisios » ssqji^sjo o-ioooooai”
«®ar> oooascuai'o a5n§auf!©)<0aaT} Tosn>. gogf coaiaeroidiq," cui].
aol^“. coxut) axrf ■TjLjcn.rf/saoJTojo =Q criicTi. ss-mi Q-ca-ooci>
wifflej ^lOTaoaiaotruilaj' SQQjtro-io aola-ioA^saabci S(Dsf»®rml<D&
fljflraojjyo <a>o <si@oai)£?a (gjg^seairrujo cryiq_}srr§o (wiQgflmjaafflfflrofl
asi (030% a.n>i©l§o]aofflaj}i ojora^A .af|»B:Aco30a<njsma6eg«P<olcqfo
ffluspa.nri oo am mo a.0o«g-j§aw smano froaltwlo^as sanjfcffiotoa
§«td>)<o6 ooscroa^jgaDgo aeairujo crya_};n§" aon SmsrnTualunlcsssis
aonj^sol (BtsmlibidBaansio (Staaano- smsmnrualrtnlces (sojsnal ogjtp
mraantOTiftOo arro^Pgol cosgrgirmo>3om|<olaffio. aou^lgrTlfflm ruam
ccskescrorolao" & (@o_io laoaiaJr-Anruioo aw asniodhaldatTn
raosno0 ajoooocaisgQS eimano (ruooojcru}l^|0 esainrujo aJoKJOiig
aeiabo'lioi nolmoo a&ogsacm (5i®®am*0o msoDOUwlasomssflcTO” sasm
mjaiwl sruoiojorucrarsno".
a.. go® mJoOooo-nafltd/ g_)<wl2oTu:> an.'§) - Igg aJ3 oocaia
fflfislcS a® yuo ,o Q.iogjaao cixo, a.@ o-©,o-o (®iuooj1(Wo oocru
k> s® Tjogjnaowo crb (g3o-i) oooojgi<ma)<a& ;i® c®laJ3nn<sty>
fi.sr^oc£»lmic9a!Tn@o isr®.arxg|n20ctB5>s ooWaoDo (gmsmTuialTsClcqjaooQn
<gio)geuoaRjaj' ea oiorujo .actafli'Mnti rD=g®oT>@;o isigAcno.
cm.* asm cruacoio la&jeocgigry oasmoj QjotitniDlcaOacSfer a. d
eDejo crn^araTl, Jia. afl-OKaraTlajo t&ioflooioaffl) oflgjc
ej»airof!<a6 'g-)«ai actio asrBoUlmlesornjso aroscy oro* ejo aej^aoa
jsgjJoiasro iDi3joffiiDl*Coaa° msnso aooaaoicsSs acraso aiiouac 'iliSltes
cnr>®o fflro'aojX!) Oo onoej^jo ruicaloos^Tn^aoAcm. isro JOj x»oo.aoai
CTO)* jjto-oo a-ioffljafloi oolit3§oo;ajlmiaQTOiyc0)O(!)o rumlaflla>0o
oosortnl ojti iMoojtujoo 5ial(i3iora'a'1<ftae fliemojcsia1’ sauoauo aal
naismssas ■ «j_jC§ ^s'lcEiiTU(6§laQla®oci<e.Oo aajO^cCacrrvrooo&W'tflao,
d. aosioo aflgjaiixmr'cMo aoruosiroooo iruceoorolffiicolnB
o^S> (gg-uo ofltno soiiacoo a 4afd0atm®o o^cmoffli ara oilajodsaifl
(ulapeJXfOTTOilajo, oTlajOiitsioi acBl®ajra?.ejo ogjSs'.ainrvxoKif'aiai .r o ggs
^ccDOajn aaosjfflOifljOfflnwcmooBi onoamlgjottnlffilisann aS'inoialainru
68BOoe08o elalcnjaflrtStjJc&oroo OKCBCTO <!ai(BW0o aiWliBKJio 01:03an®
aoacno.
 241
®. ojlejoejOTnmWy (smsajowco nruacmo ooailaaj ja o ascrfl
<$w<d6 6i<csa«nolQJ«fflS8o g.jycea«a<e& Q- asmlaroeS aarflajeocqjo
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(tu«ss0o<99 a-joaa coojsisnaoi>ffi!Ci6colrra« (3rDowlta.(o\-!XpSaa rt»o<s>
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 250
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 252

cuoooooajtoT'a&J tsroojoruoro a_i®lt&aiuir!<o6 skmcA «a£lj^ ^Dcrasa.

«SiOfflano(Braio®6 o^^rm oooorro'csa omental ^stcftogiasmaacno stmocA mxi>
(Ssioffi'acno^ a^Aanicrujndeaorn'isig^oiinBigaocaiCfio.
wtQ^&oam m afflfljflxy
go® gjscais’i ogjcpirolai^

G. O. R, O. C. No. 1515/36iDev., dated 15th August 1936, regarding

the Santhi School.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 8803(35, dated the

27th June 1936, re Sri Chitrodaya Deva Pooja Patasala opened at
Thiruvella, I have the honour to inform you that, in the circumstances
stated Government sanction your proposal that the Nambiathi and Ela-
yathu courses for 1112 may be started in Chingom 1112, the present
classes relating to these -communities being simultaneously continued, till
the 7th Thulam 1112, the date of expiry of the prescribed one year’s

2. Sanction is also accorded to the entertainment of one additional

temporary teacher on Rs. 25 per mensem for a period of two months
and six days from the 1 st Chingom 1112, the expenditure therefor being
met from the savings in the provision under ‘ Santhi School ’ in 1112

CHAPTER VIII.
SUPPLY OF ARTICLES.

G. O. No* 2219 to 2222 dated 3rd July 1914 re : contract for

supply of articles for ceremonies.

&<8® g>anxu<m»lo0 ecusnifm cnjo0o«568sbo-.oa fflbosxfi^ooocg^

fflraaox'cfio arssgtgcmg taomnnoEnruajo nn.sfistBiAma
rutiSDcoaso (iittstOTOtrnimoccnnliflfacTnttniOoo^ amslmirttnlmgnro'qf) sorsnsl
cUsscm ojlejcy<e>Ooc0e QzpgjOayraTicioo armocmi scjjjocjsiacAft,0 aQ'g’an'l
ry (sroaoojoa®rt5>lcTO o^yrtn' aromtsosasnsratodicrto

G. O. Dis, No. 328 of 22/G. B. dated 14th August 1922. re: supply
of Nirak Statements to Superintendents and Assistant Commissioners.

Copies of Nirak rates should be regularly supplied by the Tahsil-

dars in respect of the centres where the Niraks are compiled, to the
 253

Superintendents and Assistant Commissioners of Devaswoms having

jurisdiction in their taluks.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 47 of 26/G. B. dated the 22nd January 1926,

Paddy supplied from P. D. Devaswoms to Scheduled Devaswoms.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 7352 of 25|P. D.,

dated the 3rd December 1925, I have the honour to inform you that,
in the circumstances stated, Government sanction the paddy supplied to
the Scheduled Devaswoms from the slock of the Personal Deposit
Devaswoms, being paid at the contract rates prevailing in the respective
Groups. It is noted that the contract rates would cover transport
charges, if any, which should be paid by the personal Deposit Deva¬
swoms concerned. The above arrangemen. may be brought into force
with regard to all the Personal Deposit Devaswoms in she State from
the beginning of the current Malabar year.

No. 903. Head Sirkar Vakil’s Office.

Trivandrum, 1 st May 1926.
To
The Devaswom Commissioner,
Travancore.
Sir,
With reference to the correspondence ending with your letter
R. O. C. No. 3225 of 24 dated 3rd February 1926, I have the honor
to record the following :—
Opinion.
The question is whether the damages due from the contractor can
be realised from him under the Revenue Recovery Regulation. The
answer to that question depends on the answer to the further question
whether, within the meaning of Section 59 of the Revenue Recovery
Regulation, the contractor has executed an agreement in writing
making the amount recoverable under the Regulation.
The only writing containing the contractor’s signature that we
have in this case is the auction list. What is the agreement that he may
be said to have executed by signing the auction list ? It must be
deemed to be that he agrees to subject himself to all the liabilities of a
successful bidder. Those liabilities are not expressly stated in the
auction list. They have to be determined from the notification, in the
Gazette, of the intended auction. That notification contains the terms
and conditions subject to which the auction is to take place. The
preamble to the auction list which has been signed by the contractor
makes a reference to the notification as the one in pursuance of which
 254

the auction is held. The record of the agreement between the con¬
tractor and'the Government is furnished by two writings oiz., the noti-
fication and the auction list. The latter writing is based upon the
earlier and makes reference to it. This latter writing which concludes
the agreement must be treated as embodying the first. The contractor
who has signed the 2nd writing oiz, the auction list, may belaid to
have signed a writing embodying the terms and conditions in the first
oiz., the notification. In that view he may be said to have executed an
agreement in writing that amounts due from him may be recovered
under the Revenue Recovery Regulation because the notification
contains a term that damages for default of the successful bidder at the
auction may be realised from him under the Revenue Recovery Regu¬
lation. The amount in question may therefore be recovered from the
contractor under that regulation.
The above conclusion would have been more certain, if the
reference in the auction list to the notification had been more specific.
As it is. it almost reads as if the reference was merely for fixing
the date to which the auction had _ been posted by the notification. 1
would suggest that in like auctions in future, the preamble should state
that the auction was being held in pursuance of and subject to the terms
and conditions in, the notification and that the intending bidders had
agreed to abide by the terms and conditions in the notification. The
preamble should be got signed by the intending bidders also. Then the
auction might proceed, each bid being recorded with the signature of
the bidder as now.
The auction list signed by the contractor together with copy of sale
notification is herewith returned.
1 have etc.
(Sd.) Head Sirkar Vakil.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 1262/26/G. B. dated the 24th March 1927.

Loss on account of reauction of contract.

I have the honor to forward herewith copy of letter No. 502,

dated the 19th February 1927, from the Head Sirkar Vakil, stating his
opinion in regard to the recovery of loss sustained by a reauction from
the successful bidder at the first auction for the supply of plantain leaves
for the Agrasala, having withdrawn Rom the contract before the
decision of Government was communicated to him, and to inform you
that Government have accepted the opinion therein expressed by the
Head Sirkar Vakil. The alterations in clauses 6 and 9 of the auction
sale notice have also been made, as suggested by the Head Sirkaif
 255

Vakil. Copy of clauses 6 and 9 of the auction sale notice relating to

supplies for the Agrasala is herewith enclosed for your information,
guidence ^,nd adoption where necessary, The portions added at the
instance of the Head Sirkar Vakil are underlined.
[Enclosure.]
Copy of letter No. 502, dated 19th February from the Head Sirkar
Vakil to the Chief Secretary to Government.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 1262 of 26/874 dated
16th December 1926 re: contract for the supply of articles for the
Agrasala and the Mathilagom for 1102, lhave the honor to record
the following :—
Opinion.
The auction notice subject to the conditions under which the
auction was conducted and in acceptance of which the bidders took
part in the auction, contains tbe provision that the Government may at
its discretion, confirm the auction in favour of the lowest bidder. The
bidders therefore know that their bid is subject to the sanction of the
Government and they must be deemed to make their bids “firm offers"
consenting not to withdraw them until they are either accepted or
rejected- There is another express provision in clause 9, that if after
bidding at the auction, ie. after being recognised as the lowest bidder, a
person withdraws from the transaction he is liable for the loss that
may be sustained by a reauction. Apart fron the question of confir¬
mation by the Government 1 think that loss may be recouped from the
bidder’s deposit on the agreement evidenced by the notice of auction
the conditions of which were accepted by the bidder as evidenced by
tbe bid and by his signing the auction list.
The general law is that until acceptance of the offer made by the
lowest bid, tbe offer may be withdrawn. In the present case I am
relying upon >a special agreement that the offerer has made with die
Peishkar, as evidenced by the [auction notice, not to withdraw till the
Government decides to accept or not. The agreemnnt may have been
made clearer in the notice and I would suggest that the form of the
notice be modified as below in future. In clause 6 afterdsajfijo cruolro
aojsiannrmano” insert “igrocsTiacn cn-o6niau)l^ag,. co cetera at q, ®iIsb
aooo®rro'crc>g)Cr4“ ismaiif: oaimraitnTuicrflcnoo aj]oAaittf!<aaocib o_ias''igp
mroSEo” In clause 9 after insert “aejaioorub]
(Tuosaiau'jgjsa waifflemcifirtmilttBaoroaTOpiTO OjCdf
ffiejeMim]o6rolcnt o o_Paba!fij]<8®®aDo. " The successful bidder when
he signs the list may he made to state that he will not withdraw before
the Government decision.
 256.
The file is herewith returned.
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 257

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mwaamaeBOo tajSJimc&Qjj,,0 orgool^^. cursOs sinam,® ogjaanaklejo
acts rruoaraoaao agjajo mtsaocnsgs^aao i&Zgj&oao r^OogjI^siosxm
aflsp’^iiai!®!j®rrr>tii>30BrKisan3ejo i3ig>.y<a> omDaocraraiaciioaxm rrojasoo
6aa§.ass>eo>o iSTO ioCo jgjoolgaa igjgjo nuoaicosBs^esaajio Amu-Atsso
»oi(iiaacAoieejaa“ a8A"fB>osajaaai o§oaaoajtmiao eaioiiyAOfflo nos
Q-iSlcosssroii BiBrol^Qjfl^aTaaAflm truAaj covjisseao fTramiogTlinino cnoo
gD'SSDAMCycrngjaOACnD.

G. O. No. FI. 398 dated ’the 17th Mafch 1931, Instructions re :

purchase of provisions etc.

In view of the present financial stringency, Government have to

make considerable reductions in the budget estimates of the coming year
in respect of the allotments for the several departments. Accordingly
the following instructions are issued for the guidance of the Heads of
Departments and Offices.
1. In the case of purchase of provisions such as paddy, rice, oil,
cocoanuts etc. and other articles of common use such as clothing etc.
made under the Stores Rules, ei'her on auction or tender system, widest
publicity should be given to the notices inviting tenders or intimating
auction, so that the cheapest rates and best terms may be secured.
2. In the case of small purchases also, auction or tender system
should, as far as possible, be adop'ed.
3. The same procedure should be followed in the case of contracts
for works under petty construction and repairs.
Government expect that every Head of Department and Office
would bestow the utmost care and a'ten'ion in this matter so that the
strictest economy in expenditure may be exercised in ail possible ways.

G. o. R. Dis. No. 578 of 31 /L. G. B, dated the 27th May 193T

Clause to be incorporated in agreement for contract.

It has come to the notice of the Government that, in rase ol con¬

tracts entered into with the Officers of the Government, on behalf of
Government, ihe writings, embodying the ierms of such contracts, do not
always contain a specific provision to the effect ihat the dues payable to
the Government, by the parties entering into the contracts, by reason o
 258

breach of such terms or otherwise under the contracts, are recoverable

under the Revenue Recovery Regulation, as if they are arrears of pub¬
lic revenue due on land. This leads to practical difficulties in the
recovery of the dues from the contractors under the contracts they enter
into. The attention of Heads of Departments and Offices is therefore
drawn to the necessity of embodying in all such agreements a clause to
the effect that all dues that may become payable thereunder by the
contractors by reason of breach or otherwise, are recoverable under the
Revenue Recovery Regulation for the time being in force, as if they are
arrears of public revenue due on land.

G. O. R. Dis, No. 1 106]3l|Rev., dated the 5th August 1931.

Value of Perumanam paddy supplied to scheduled Devaswoms,

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 4151/31 IP: D., dated

the 11th July 193!, f have the honour to inform you that in the circum¬
stances sta'ed, Government sanction the paddy supplied to the Scheduled
Devaswoms in the Alvvaye Group from the stock of the Perumanom
Personal Deposit Devaswam, being paid at the contract rate prevailing
in the Alwaye Group, including the transport charges also, as in the
case of the other Personal Deposit Devaswoms situated within the State,
from the year 1 107 onwards.

CHAPTER IX.
Construction and mcinienancs of Devaswom buildings,
Appurtenances etc.
G. O. Dis. No. 1292 of 22 dated 21st November 1922.
Programme of Maramath Works.

The following principles may be adopted for framing a programme

of restoration works of Scheduled Devaswoms: —
(1) Major Devaswoms may be taken up in preference to Minor

(2) Among Major Devaswoms, those which have a State import¬

ance and resorted to by large congregations be given precedence.
(31 Notwithstanding the above, exception should be made in the
case of Devaswoms which require urgent repairs either by their being in
dangerous condition or by the fact that a small outlay now would put it
in good repair while delay would involve large expenditure.
(4) Incomplete works should be given preference to new works so
as to avoid the pendency of works already started for inordinately long
periods and consequent loss or deterioration.
(5) The works undertaken should, as far as possible, he equitably
distributed among the several Devaswoms of the State.
 259

(6) The restoration of Minor temples should, as far as possible, be

taken only on the contribution system i. c., with the financial help of the
people of the localities which those institutions serve.
(7) Wherever public help is not for.hcoming or where there is not
any Hindu congregation to be ben’fited by preserving the temples in
good repair, the expenditure should be limited to the bare necessity of
keeping them going.
(8) When there are several applications for restoration of Minor
temples, preference should be given to those which serve a large public.
(9j A sum should be annually set apart in the budget for the re¬
storation of Minor temples.
(10) The utilisation of the above sum- should be made so as to
deserve the maximum benefit by the minimum of expenditure.
(11) When applications are received for the restoration of Minor
Devaswoms, the same should be enquired in o in the adminis'native
branch as to (a) the need for i'.s restoration, b the importance of the
institution, (c) the usefulness to the public and d- the contribution
which the public are prepared to give, such co.itfibu’ion being no': less
than 50 Q/0 of the total outlay, when af'er .he enquiry as above, it is
decided by the Devaswom Department that the work may be undertaken
the papers will be forwarded to the Maramet Department for the prepa¬
ration of the estimate ; when the estimate is sanctioned, provision will be
made in the budget.
(12) Ordinarily, applications for the restoration of the Minor
Devaswoms should be called for sufficiently early in the year previous so
that it may be decided what amount should be provided in the budget
for the next year under that head. The notification should be published
by the Devaswom Commissioner in the Garetie.
(13) No work not provided for fn any particular year will be
undertaken that year unless it falls within the exceptions mentioned in
para (3) above.
(14) As far as practicable the contract for the works ior the restora¬
tion of Minor Devaswoms will be given to competent local persons who
contribute for them under the conditions laid down for Maramat
contracts.
(15) No such contribution work will be paid for un'il the Maramat
Department certifies to the quality and quantity of works.
(16) The expenditure on each Devaswom, Major or Minor, should
be commensurate with its importance and should not be excessive ; in
framing estimates, care will be taken that while, on the one hand, there
should be no stinting in essential works, the non-essential works should
be reduced So the minimum. How far the original architectural and
decorative portions should be preserved and followed will be determined
in each case after local inspection of she Maramath Engineer and the
Devaswom Commissioner.
 260

(17) No separate provision will be ear-marked for the restoration

of Petty Devaswoms. These are mostly insignificant small structures
which as far as possible, could be put in order at a small cost and
should be attended to by the public benefited by them without aid. If,
however, in any case, it is found absolutely necessary, they will be
repaired from the allotment for petty construction and maintenance.
G. O. R. Dis. No. 915 of 24/P. W., dated 25th July 1924. re: desig¬
nation of Bhajanamatoms at Warkala and KumaracoiL

Government sanction that Satroms at Warkala and Kurnaracoll

transferred to the Devaswom Department being designated Bhajana¬
matoms as they are meant to serve more as rest houses for the people who
are entitled to go and worship in the temples close by than as ordinary
halting places for all travellers.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 612/30/P. W„ dated 30th April 1930,

Oottupuras maintained out of State Revenues.

With reference to the correspondence ending with your letter

R. O. C. No. 6767/26/M, dated the 11th August 1929, re : the maint¬
enance of Oottupuras in the State, I have the honour to inform you that
Government approve the three statements of Oollppuars, noted at foot, as
also the adjustment of expenditure towards the maintenance and impro¬
vements of Oottupuras prior to 1104, proposed by you. Please let me
know what are the * B ’ Oottuparas now used for.
S tatemenbs.
(a) Oottupuras to be maintained out of the Devaswom Fund.
" (b) Oottupuras to be maintained out of the allotment under
State charities by the Maramat Department.
(c) Oottupuras to be maintained from the funds of individual
Personal Deposit Devaswoms.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 302 of 32/P. W., dated 4th March 1932.

Sanction for Maramat Works—procedure.

1 have the honour to inform you that Government sanction the

following procedure in the case of Devaswom Maramat works:—
Whenever your Department finds it necessary te carry out a work,
you should obtain from the Maramat Department preliminary estimate
James, etc., ol Oottupuras maintained out of State
Bet is Appended to I Part II of the Devaswom Manual (Appendix yi.)
 261

and plans, etc., and apply for the administrative approval of Govern¬
ment, together with information as to site and such other details
as may be necessary to elucidate fully the proposals and the reasons
therefor. When adniinis'ra’ive approval is accorded by Government,
the Maramat Engineer should, for works beyond his power of sanction,
submit detailed estimate and plans to Government for final sanction, In
no case should a work be started until such final sanction is accorded.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 112/32/Dev., dated 16th April 1932,

Maramat works in connection with Royal visit.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 7499139'M., dated the

I Oth February 1932, re expenses on account of erecting temporary
structures and decorations in connection with the Royal visiJs to temples,
I have the honour to inform you that Government accept the Account
Officer’s opinion (vide copy of his U- O. No. Dev. 115, dated
14-3-1932, enclosed) that the expenditure is debitable to “ Extraordi¬
nary Expenditure ” and sanction is accorded for debiting the expen¬
diture to that head under the Devaswom Fund.

Enclosure,
Copy of No. Dev 11 5 U. O. dated the 14th March 1932 from
the Account Officer.
The charges incurred in connection with Royal visits might come
under the administration of Devaswoms in accordance with past usage
and customs ‘specified in Section 3 of the Royal Proclamation. If so,
the expenditure is debitable to “ Extraordinary expenditure” andean
be admitted under proper sanction.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 1 54/32/DeV. dated the 1 7th May 1932.

Submiting of tenders and agreements for maramat works.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 9690129/M, dated

the 27th April 1932, forwarding tenders in original for the work of
constructing a Devaswom Office, Nellukuthupura, etc., in the Par-
vathipuram Devaswom in the Parassala Group, I have the honour to
inform you that in the circumstances stated Government sanction the
acceptance of the tender of Mr. K. Subramoniya Aiyar.
2. As regards the procedure of submitting tenders and draft agre-
ments Government agree with you in thinking that the present procedure
 262
of submitting them through you is no longer necessary. The Maramat
Engineer has necessary instructions to submit then direct) to] Govern
mens hereafter.

G.O. R. O. C. No. U28132/Dev., dated_ the 3rd April 1933

Inspection of cars by the fvlaramat Engineer

With reference to your letter No. 9082, dated the 3rd August
[932, re:—accidents to the temple car at Cape, I have the honor to
invite your attention to the Rules issued by Government for the upkeep
of the cars belonging io the Devaswoms in South Travancore (Vide
R. Dis. No. 491/24! G. B., dated the 29th July 1924). It will be
seen there from that it is ihe duty of the Marmat Circle Officer of
Padmanabhapuram to see that ihe car is kept in good repair and to
certify before the festival that it is in a fit condition to run. If the
Circle Officer had discharged his duty properly, the accident in question
would not have happend, The Circle Officer is therefore guilty of a
serious dereliction of duty. I request that you will be so good as to
ob'ain and forward his explanation in the matter with your remarks,
In this connection, Government consider that in future all the cars should
be inspected by you (Maramat Engineer; also.

G. O. Dis. No. 525l35|Dev., dated 2nd July 1935.

Funds for Utsavamarmat to be met from the Ulsavam allotment.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 2185135, dated 20th

May 1935, f have the honor to inform you that Government consider
that there is no necessity to open a separte head “ Ursava Maramath "
as the expenditure on account of putting up of Viripandals, S eoapandals
etc., should be met from ihe allotment under “Utsavam”.
It may also be mentioned that the expenditure on the above account
should be incurred in any Devaswom only if the Pathivu of that Deva-
swom provides for such expenditure.

G, O. R. O. C. No. 2825/35/Dev., dated 29-11-1935.

Funds to be pointed out when sanction for estimate is sought for.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 11027 of 35 M-,

dated 20-11-1935, re- -adminis'rative sanction for certain works in
 263

the Velinallur temple, I have the honor lo request fhat you will be so
good as to let me know how you propose to find die required funds for
the above work,
2. In this connection 1 am to inform .you that whenever adminis¬
trative sanction is applied for for a work, funds should also be pointed

Revised rules re: upkeep o( cars belonging to Devaswom Department

passed in G. O. R. Dis. No. 83/36/Dev., dated 15th February 1936.

In supersession of Notification R. Dis No. 491/24 G. B., dated

the 29th July' 1924, published at page 548 (Devaswom Department
sheet ) of the Gazette dated the I 2th August 1924, the Government of
His Highness the Maharaja have been pleased to publish the following
revised rules lor the upkeep of the cars belonging to the Devaswoms in
the State: —
1. The custody of the cars. The cars will be kept under the
care of the Devaswom Department, but the entire responsibility of
keeping the cars fit before and during he conduct of the festical will
be with the Maramat Department.
2. The condition of the cars. The Circle Officer concerned should
see that every car is kept in good repair and certify before the com¬
mencement of the festival that it is in a fit condition to run. The tying
up of the crest and other sundry works done to the cars by the
Kothanmars on the eve of the procession should be under the guidance
and supervision of the local Maramat Section Officer.
3. Tools and plants. All the implements neceasary for repairs
lifting up of wheels etc., will be purchased out of the Devaswom Fund
as per list furnished by the Maramat Engineer and kept at Such indram
and at Shenkotta in charge of the Maramat Department for use in all
Devaswoms.
4. Urgent repairs to cars. All urgent repairs should be attended
to by the Maramat Department, if necessary, in anticipation of sanction.
5. Kothanmars. They should be placed under the orders of the
Maramat Circle Officer in cases of breakdowns and other emergencies.
6. Car streets• In the case of streets maintained by the Maramat
Department, the Circle Officer should see that they are in proper
condition and in the case of roads under the control’of other Depart¬
ments, he should address the authorities sufficiently early and get the
necessary repairs done in time for the smooth running of the cars.
 264

7- Car sheds. The dismantling and refitting of these sheds should

be attended to by the Maramat Department, the payment, being made
by the Devaswom Department on bills of cost countersigned by the
Maramat Engineer.
8. The Devaswom Officers will render the Maramat Officers every
help required of them in keeping the cars in an efficient condition.

CHAPTER X.

DEVASWOM FUND ACCOUNT RULES.

G. O. Dis. No. 225 of 22IG. B., dated 16th June 1922, Arrears under
supplies and services.
The Additional Head Sirkar Vakil to whom the matter-was refer¬
red is of opinion that the Devaswom fund to be constituted will be
liable to pay only such amounts as are due lor supplies and services
rendered from the 1 st Chingom 1098 and, that any arrears due on
account of supplies and services rendered in 1097 will have to be paid
by Government. Government accept this opinion and are directing the
Account Officer to provide the necessary funds in the budget accord¬
ingly.

G. O, Dis. No. 246 of 22]G. B„ dated 27-6-1922,

Establishment: Expenditure.
The pensionable establishment now attached to Devaswoms detailed
under Appendix A of the Budget cannot be paid out of the General
Revenues of the State and the same should from the beginning of 1098,
be charged to the Devaswom Fund to be constituted.

G. O. Dis. No. 463 of 22/G. B., dated 2nd October 1922.

All those items of expenditure included in and met out of the

Devaswom Pathivu till the last day of 1097 should be met out of the
Devaswom Fund constituted under the Devaswom Proclamation from
the 1st Chingom 1098.
 265

G. O. Dis. No. 518 of 22/G. B., dated 23rd October 1922, establish¬
ment— pensionary contribution.

The Devaswom Establishment payable from the Devaswom fund

should be pensionable. The pension will be paid from the General
Revenues and the necessary contribution therefor should be made from
the Devaswom Fund.
2. In the inierest of economy, the strength ol the pensionable staff
should be reduced when the pathivus of the Devaswoms and other esta¬
blishments are revised.

G. O. Dis. No. 557/22/G. B.. dated 10th November 1922,

Devaswom Fund Account Rules.*
1. A fund known as the “ Devaswom Fund ’’ is constituted with
effect from 1st Chingom 1098 under the Royal Proclamation, dated 30th
Meenam 1097.
2. The Fund shall consist of:—
(i) Allotment made in the State Budget every year for ‘Sche¬
duled ’ Devaswoms, such allotments not being less than 40 per cent of
the Ayacut and Sanchayam land revenue of the State ;
(ii) the monies realised from time to time by the sale of movable
properties belonging to such Devaswoms ;
(iii) All voluntary contributions and offerings made by devotees;
(iv) interest on investment of funds belonging to the said Deva¬
swoms ; and
(v) all other monies belonging to, or other income received by
the said Devaswoms.
Besides the above, offerings are received from private individuals
for the performance of vazhivadus, These receipts are not credited to
the Devaswom Fund as Devaswom revenue but are utilised for expen-

Government Grant.
3. The grant allotted in the State Budget will be adjusted to the
credit of the Devaswom Fund by the Account Officer at the beginning
of each year by means of a transfer entry in the General Accounts But
only such portion of the annual grant shall be made available to the
Devaswom Commissioner during a month for being drawn on either by
himself or by his subordinate officers as may be actually required in
that month for Devaswom expenditure debitable to the Devaswom Fund.
* Tiie forms mentioned io the Huh s have been appended to Part II ot Volume T of
the Devaswom Manual.
 266

4. Group officers are allowed to draw on she Devaswom Fund by

cheques against letters ol credit. But the Assistant Commissioners are
responsible to .'be Devaswom Commissioner and the Account Officer for
properly accounting tor ail drawings out of the Devaswom Fund from
the Treasuries by their subordinate officers.
Devaswom Revenue.
5. For Devaswom Revenue received in cash at the Devaswoms, the
Manager (the Chief Executive Officer of the Devaswom) should give a
receipt in Form No. 1. The receipt should be printed in counterfoil
and should be bound into books having a fixed number of forms in each,
he forms being numbered by machine.
It should also be notified .o the public that a receipt signed by the
Chief Officer of the Devaswom should be obtained for every payment
made. Every item of receipt should be credited in the prescribed
account and all cash receipts should be paid into the nearest Government
Treasury to the credit of the Devaswom Fund_ No portion of the
collection should, on any account, be kept back or used for expenditure.
Remittances should be made as often as possible and no! less than four
times a month i. e. on the 2nd, tQth, 20th, and on the closing day of
the month for the Treasury or Sub-Treasury with which the Devaswom
deals. If the 2nd, 10th, and 20ih of the month happen to be a Sunday
or public holiday, the remittance should be made on the next working
day. In no case should a Devaswom subordinate entrusted with the
receipt of money be allowed to retain in his hand any sum in excess of
the security deposited by him.
Nadavaravu.
6 A register in Form No. 2 should be kept for all receipts as
Nadavaravu, whatever tbeir nature. Each Devaswom is provided with
a collection box or Vanchi into which Nadavaravus are as far as possi¬
ble put in. The Vanchi should be embedded in floor or otherwise per¬
manently secured so as to prevent easy access to its contents. It should'
be kept locked by the Assistant Commissioner and sealed by bis personal
seal and opened at regular intervals, the contents sorted, listed and
brought on into the register of Nadavaravu, the list (r. e., the mahazar
vide para 9) and the register being attested by the Assistant Commis-

7. When articles which cannot conveniently be put into the Vanchi

are received as Nadavaravu, a receipt (Form No. 3) should invariably
be given by the Devaswom subordinate to the party presenting them
and the articles brought on into the register of Nadavaravu immediately.
8. The Assistant Commissioner should, at the time ithe Vanchi is
opened, see also that articles received at the Nada as per counterfoils o{
 267

receipt book are dub/ brought mco the Nadavaravu register, and initial
in the register in token of verification.
9- A Mabazar book m a bound volume w:tn panes machine-num¬
bered should be maintained >n each imcortant Devaswom- Whenever
a Vanchi is opened as laid down m para o or wnen collections are
received in receptacle oth 1 t an ' a - no a '« t al occasions,
such as Ash (am i at ' a om 'la'ac ? Sabarmil 1, Kodai at
Mandakkad, etc., a mabazar snouid be oreoared ov the Cmer Devaswom
Officer present, detailing me collections received as Nadavaravu The
mabazar should be signed by the iJue: Devaswom Officer not below
the rank of a Superintendent and the Devaswom subordinates present
and by at least three respectable Thadassnars. If the services of a gold¬
smith are utilised for ascertaining weight, fineness etc., of the articles
received as Nadavaravu, the gold-smith should aiso sign the Mahazat.
10. The current coins should be tanen charge of by the Manager
or Treasurer (if there is one) and credited m the Revenue Cash Book
(Form No. 9) - oide p?ra 22.
11. Valuables such as uncurrent coins, jewells, gold or silver
articles, vessels, cloths, etc., should also be taken charge of by the
Manager or Treasurer. The Assistant Commissioner should mark out
which articles should be retained for use in tbe Devaswoms and which
should be disposed of or melted. Those to be disposed of or melted
should be separately listed and the list submitted to the Commissioner
for sanction to tbe sale of the articles ov for their conversion into gold
or silver bars etc. Acknowledgments should be obtained and filed
whenever valuables are entrusted, for use with tbe Devaswom subordi¬
nates which should be renewed every time a hand is .changed. Those
not in use should be in the joint custody of tbe Devaswom Manager
and tbe Group Superintendent. Such of tbe articles as are not marked
out for sale should be credited in the stock register of valuables (Form
No. 4). Those gold and silver articles which are melted should alter
melting be accounted for as bars of specified weight and fineness.
12. All valuables in the Devaswom should be checked by the
Assistant Commissioner at least once every half year and as often as
possible by tbe Devaswom Commissioner. A certificate of such veri¬
fication should be recorded in tbe registers maintained in tbe
Devaswom.
13. Provisions which are of a perishable character should be
auctioned immediately and the res: periodically, preparing an auction
list on each occasion signed by (he Manager and wo respectable Tha-
dasthars. They should never be utdised for expenditure in tbe Devas¬
wom. All articles (valuables or provisions) required to be sold should
be transferred from the Nadavaravu tegismr to the Register of sales
 268

(Form No. 5) and their subsequent disposal watched through that

register.
14. A permanent record of the valuables in each Devaswom should
be kept in the Assistant Commissioner’s office and in the Office of the
Devaswom Commissioner in Form No. 4 in addition to the stock register
maintained in the temple itself, This will consist of 4 parts viz. Thiru-
vabharanams, P attuparuvattoms, Bharanipathrams and other articles.
A monthly statement of additions and deductions in stock should be
obtained from each Devaswom, and they should be entered in this re¬
gister under the initials of the Assistant Commissioner and the Personal
Assistant in the Devaswom Commissioner’s Office.
Miscellaneous Receipts.
, 15. Sales of surplus provisions, old materials, stores etc., will be
entered in the sale register. Other cash receipts coming under this
head will be directly credited in the Revenue cash book.
Vazhioadas.
16. These are received in cash or as provisions according to scales
fixed by Government. In cases where no scale is fixed, whatever is
brought as Vazhivadu may be accepted.
17. Receipts should be granted to the parties presenting Vazhivadus
in all cases whether these are in cash or in provisions. Separate
receipt books should be kept for Vazhivadus in Form No. 6.
18. A register for Vazhivadu should be kept in Form No. 7 which
provides for payee’s acknowledgments being obtained in the book itself
for articles purchased or payments made. The original receipts should
be obtained and filed with counterfoil duly receipted by the party when
the officer’s share of the Vazhivadu is returned to him. The share of
the Devaswom received in cash (Pathracooly) should be credited in the
Revenue Cash book direct, while the cooked rice etc., and any un¬
claimed provisions should be transferred to the sale register and disposed

19. The receipts and expenditure on account of Vazhivadus will be

kept out of the Devaswom Fund account except that the Fund V share
will be credited to Revenue as per para 18. For large Devaswoms
where Vazhivadu receipts are numerous and large sums have to'be
received in advance and retained for long periods, a personal deposit
account for the Devaswom should be opened at the Treasury in the
name of the Manager of the Devaswom.
20. In Devaswoms e. g., Vaikom where feeding etc., is done by
private parties through the temple authorities, the money received should
in the ordinary course be credited in the Vazhivadu register but may,
for the sake of convenience, be accounted for in separate registers in
Form No. 8.
 269

21. The above rules regarding Vazhivadus do not apply to cases ol

petty offerings such as cocoanuts, fruits, milk, oil, ghee for lamps, rose¬
water etc., which are immediately made use of.
Revenue Cash Book-
22. All cash receipts of revenue in the Devaswom should be cre¬
dited in the Revenue cash book in Form No 9, which contains columns
for showing the receipts under the various budget heads of Devaswom
Fund Revenue. The cash book should be checked daily and attested
by the Manager. The receipted chalans obtained from the Treasury
for any remittances made into it should be despatched immediately to
the Group Superintendent for entry in his accounts after noting the neces¬
sary particulars in the Revenue Cash book'of the Devaswom.
Miscellaneous Demand Register.
23. Besides the Revenue Cash Book, a demand, collection and
balance register (Form No. 10) should be maintained in all Devaswoms
which should contain all items of revenue of a recurring character such
as sale of Sanchayachoru, lease of temple properties, sale of ash &c.
Expenditure,
24. The following items of expenditure are debitable to Devaswom
Fund —
1. (a) Establishment as per Appendix A of the State
Budget (within the.State);
(b) Travelling Allowances to above.
II. Major Devaswoms included in the Schedule attached to
the Royal Proclamation.
(a) Nithianidanon-
(5) Masaviseshom.
(c) Attaviseshom.
(d) Utsavom.
(e) Miscellaneous (including contingent establishment),
III. Minor Devaswoms fScheduled).
IV. Petty Devaswoms (Scheduled).
V. Extraordinary expenditure.
VI. Nandavanoms.
VII. Rents.
VIII. Tax due to the Cochin State and British India.
IX. Refunds.
X. Miscellaneous Law charges.
XL Elephant charges
(1) Pay of Mahouts.
(21 Feeding charges.
 270

(3 Medicine charges including Kabalam.

• 4) Purchase and repair of chains.
(5) Miscellaneous.
XII. Pensionary contribution.
XIII. Maramath works.
XIV. Police guards.
Devaswom Fund Establishment.
25. For establishment debitable to Devaswom Fund hitherto drawn
on pay bill forms from the Treasury, the Group Superintendent will
prepare a consolidated bill for all the Devaswoms in this Group showing
the establishment of each Devaswom separately before the 5th of the
next month and issue separate cheques in payment of this bill in favour
of the Manager of the Devaswom concerned. He should obtain acquit¬
tance rolls duly filled in by the Devaswom subordinates immediately after
payments are made and file them in his office. The service books of all
pensionable establishment of the Group debiiable to the Fund should
also be maintained by tbe Group Superintendent. In each Devaswom,
a register in Form N°. 31 Account Code should be maintained to watch
the payment of undisbursed salaries and allowances. The daily balance
should be carried to Anamath Register, para 45.
Pensionary Contribution.
26. The Fund has to con’ribute from Chingom 1098 towards the
pensions of members of tbe permanent establishment entertained in the
scheduled Devaswoms payable from the General Revenues of the State
at I /6th of the sanctioned pay of each appointment. The Group
Superintendent will prepare a separate consolidate bill before the 5th of
each month for the pensionary contribution payable on behalf of the
members of the Devaswom establishments under him for the previous
month and* draw a self cheque and endorse for payment by transfer
credit to “ pensionary contribution
Travelling Allowance of Fund Establishment.
27. The Group Superintendent should also prepare before the 5th
of each month one consolidated Travelling allowance bill for all such
claims arising in his Group during tbe previous month, debitable to the
Devaswom Fund and after getting the bill countersigned by the
Assistant Commissioner arrange for its payment by cheque or out of his
imprest as may be convenient getting the necessary acquittances.
Police guards employed in the Scheduled Devaswoms.
28. The adjustment of the pay and pensionary contribution of the
Police guards will be made in the Audit Office. The pay will be
♦Modiliiid as per G. 0- Dis. No. 835/33 dated U-12-!3S. ~ "
 27!

disbursed in the first instance from Genera! Revenues. The Folice Com¬
missioner will send a monthly list of men so employed, with their pay
and proportionate pensionary contribution leviable, before ihe end of the
subsequent month, so as to enable the Audit Office to include the trans¬
actions in the month itself. Any travelling allowance debitable to the
Devaswom fund on account of such establishment should also be similarly
communicated by ihe Folice commissioner.

Elephant Establishments.
29. Separate bills should be prepared for pay and travelling allow¬
ances of Elephant establishments payable from the Devaswom Fund
from 1st Chingom 1098, though the amounts may be included in the
cheque for payment of the Devaswom Establishment.

Contingencies-Stores.
30. A very large part of the Devaswcm contingent expenditure is in
stores or provisions. A ledger account should be opened in a bound
book in Form No. 11 in which a page or set of pages will be assigned
tor each kind of article and the receipt and expenditure of the article will
be entered as they occur with particulars and the balance struck after
each transaction. The ledger account will be credited also with any
purchases made by the Devaswom authorities in cash.
Paddy and Rice.
31. The receipts and issues under paddy and rice will be accounted
for in the separate ledger accounts maintained for them in Form No 11.
Paddy issued for conversion into rice and receipt of rice in lieu of paddy
issued, should be exhibited in a separate account in Form No. 12. The
allowance made for conversion should as far as possible be uniform in
the several Devaswoms.
Receipts.
32. All articles required for use in the Devaswom whether
obtained on contract or by direct local purchase should be accom¬
panied in each case by invoices or bills of the contractor or the supplier
for cash, as the case may be, and entries of receipts in the ledger
account Form No. 1 I, should be supported only by these invoices or
bills in each case— vide paras 35 & 39.
Issues.
33. For recording expenditure in stores besides the ledger account
referred to in para 30, separate registers should be maintained in each
Devaswom for Nithianidanam, Masaviseshom, Attaviseshom, Ulsavam
and extraordinary expenditure in Forms Nos. 13 to 17,
 272

34. From the entries in these forms the total expenditure in stores
under the various contingent heads should be collected monthly in a
consolidated register in Form No. 18, the grand total of which for the
various articles should agree with the issues for the period shown in the
ledger account of articles Form No. 11 •
Expenditure Cash Book—Imprest Account Purchases!
35. The supply of paddy and other provisions required for Devaswom
use should as far as possible be arranged for through contractors.
When this is not possible an imprest, sufhcient to meet the purchases and
other expenses of the Devaswoms for a fortnight should be allowed to
the Devaswom Manager. The amount of the imprest to be allowed to
each Manager should be fixed by the Assistant Commissioner and the
amount should be included in the Permanent Advance of the Superin¬
tendent. The Manager should generally make the purchases required
for a fortnight in advance paying cash and obtaining a voucher for the
supply in Form No. 19 signed by the supplier. Even if purchases are
made at shorter intervals, the supplier should be required to quote
uniform rate for the fortnight for each article and it is the rates actually
paid to the local suppliers during the fortnight that should be quoted in
Form No. 19. The cash entry for the amount paid to the supplier for
cash will appear in the Expenditure Cash Book (Form No. 20)
in column 4 (b) while the entries regarding quantities only of stores
purchased will appear in Form No. 11. The voucher will be given a
serial number in column 4 (a1 and forwarded to the Group Superinten¬
dent with the Imprest Recoupment Bill (Para 37).
Imprest Account— Other payments.
1 36. Neither the cash purchases of stores out of the imprest appear¬
ing in Column 4 (b) nor the contract supplies entered in column 10 (b)
Para 39 will be noted in column 5 by budget heads at the time of the
purchase or the supply, the allocation being made only fortnightly as
laid down in para 40. Any other payments out of imprest debitable to
budget heads direct will be entered in column 5 at the time they are
made The sub vouchers obtained will be given a serial number in
column 4 (a) as for purchases and attached to the bill for recoupment
of imprest.
R ecoupment of Imprest.
37. When the imprest balance runs short or a transfer of charge
takes place and in any case on the 1 5th and the last day of the month,
the imprest account in the Expenditure Cash Book in column 1 to 5
should be totalled and carried into an imprest Recoupment bill in Form
No. 20 A. The bill should be given a serial No. in col. 7 and sub¬
mitted to the Group Superintendent for payment with all sub-voucher?,
 273

Particulars regarding number and amount of cheque will be noted in

columns 8 and 9 on receipt of the cheque. For arriving at the monthly
and progressive expenditure against budget grants easily, the totalr
posted in column 5 of each Recoupment bill should be ruled off as for
bills paid direct and adjustment bills.

Direct payments by Group Superintendents.

38. All large cash payments required to be made on behalf of the

Devaswom to a single individual or to several individuals should he
arranged for only through the Group Superintendent and not met out of
the Devaswom Imprest. The parties should be required to send in
their bill as soon as the services are rendered or the occasion for pay¬
ment arises duly receipted to the Devaswom Manager who will enter
necessary particulars in columns 1 to 3 of the Expenditure Cash Book,
give a serial No. to the bill in column 7 and submit it to the Group
Superintendent for payment. The latter should intimate immediately
the cheque No. and amount paid for en'ry in columns 8 and 9. The
postings against budget heads in column No. 5 will be ruled off so as
not to affect the totaliings of payments out of imprest.

Contract Supplies.
39. The agreements taken from ihe con'ractor should be on stamped
paper and should specify the probable quaniilies of each article that may
be required in each Devaswom fortnightly as well as for the whole
period of contract with the rates agreed to. With each supply to the
Devaswom the contractor should be required to forward a separate in¬
voice duly signed by him in Form No. 19 A. Only the rates agreed
to shall be quoted in*hese invoices. On receipt of the articles with the
invoice the total quantity received in each as per the invoice should be
posted into the Ledger Account Form No. If. The invoice will be
serially numbered in column 10 (a) of the Expenditure Cash Book at
the sametime and returned to ihe contractor with the certificate regard¬
ing the entries in the Store Ledger after entering the amount of the
invoice in Col. 10 (b). The contractor will present it to the Group
Superintendent lor payment in the usuai course, furnishing a receipt.
On the last day of each fortnight the Superintendent should intimate to
each Devaswom receiving contract supplies the total amount paid to the
contractor for the fortnight on behalf of the Devaswom, for entry in
column 10 (c). Particulars of invoices and amounts paid should also
be furnished at the same time so as to enable the Devaswom to tick off
columns 10 (a) and (b). The unticked items therein will represent the
liability to the contractor outstanding at any time as per column 10 (d).
 274

Adjustment of Stores.
40. The total value of Stores received into Devaswom for the fort¬
night as per columns 4 (b) and 10 (6) will be exhibited in column 1 I
(cO of the Expenditure Cash Book- For issues, Forms Nos. 13 to 17
should be totalled and the entries carried to the register Form No. 18
on the i 5th and the last day of the month. An extract of this register
for the fortnight will he made at the same time in a Stores adjustment
bill in Form 18 A and forwarded to the Group Superintendent along
with the last Imprest Recoupment Bill for the fortnight. The bill will
be numbered serially and the amount posted in colum 1 1 (b). To
enable the Devaswom to watch the progress of the full expenditure of
the Devaswom in stores as well as cash against budget grants, the details
of the expenditure in stores for the fortnight should be posted in column
5 between ruled lines as in the case of cash bills paid.
41. Column 11 (c) of the Expenditure Cash Book is intended for
working out the Stores unused at the end of each fortnight while column
11 (d) for working out fortnightly the net balance in stores unused at
the Devaswom after deducting the contractor’s liability, or the net sum
due to him after deducting the value of stores on hand. This with the
unspent balance of temporary imprest, if any, will make up the balance
of drawing account column 13 (b), para 44.

Adjustment of Temporary Imprest.

42. These will be allowed on the responsibility of the Assistant
Commissioners when absolutely necessary as for conducting large
festivals like the Ashtami at Vaikom etc. They should be applied for
in time furnishing details of probable expenditure and should be sanc¬
tioned before they can be drawn from the Treasury. The cheque will
be credited in column 12 (a) of the Expenditure Cash Book, but as ex¬
penditure out of it will not be recouped in cash a few pages at the end
of the cash book should be set apart for entering payments out of it
as in the case of Permanent Imprests. The transactions should be
extracted fortnightly in an Imprest Adjustment Bill in Form No. 20 B.
The bill will be given a serial No. and the amount posted in column 12
B. It should be sent with all sub vouchers to the Group Superintendent
along with the last Imprest Recoupment Bill. The unadjusted balance
at the end of each fortnight will appear in column 12(c) while the
detailed postings in column 5 against budget grants will be made bet¬
ween ruled lines as in the case of stores adjusted.
43. The unspent balance remaining out of Temporary Imprest after
the occasion for which it is sanctioned is over, should be remitted in
cash to the Treasury immediately. The receipted chalan should be
given a sub voucher No. in column 4 (a) of the separate page opened
 275

and attached to the last fortnight’s Imprest Adjustment Bill sent to the
Group along with other sub vouchers.
Drawing Account with the Treasury.
44. Provision is made in the Expenditure Cash Book, to exhibi t
this in column 13 (b). The amounts drawn from the Treasury as per
column 13 (a) minus the amounts accounted for as per column 5 (b)
will be the balance to be accounted for which will tally also with the
total of columns 11 (d) and 12 (c). An extract of the fortnightly
entries made in the Expenditure Cash Book columns 7 to 1 4 should be
sent to the Group Superintendent in duplicate immediately after the close
of each fortnight for transmission of one copy to the Assistant Commis¬
sioner’s office and one to the Audit Office.
Anamalh Register,
45. This is in Form No. 21 and is intended to collect the cash
balance with the Devaswom at the end of each day. The entries
should be taken direct from the revenue eash book, Vazhivadu Account
Register of undisbursed pay and Expenditure Cash Book where provi¬
sion is made for exhibiting the daily balance on hand. When the
entries in the registers are transferred to the Anamath Register they
should be attested in both by the Devaswom Manager in token of veri¬
fication of the cash balance on hand.
■v Supply of Funds.
46. Each Group Superintendent should apply to the Audit Office
through his Assistant Commissioner and the Devaswom Commissioner
for letters of credit for the subsequent month in Form No. 22 so that they
may reach the Audit Office before the 25th of each month specifying
Treasuries and extent to be drawn on. A register in Form No. 23
will be maintained to watch the drawings and balances of letters of
credit against each Treasury.
Devaswom Receipts remitted to Treasury.
47. A register of Devaswom receipts in Form No! 24 will be
maintained in each Group office to watch the progress of revenue
remittances into Treasuries. The register should be posted from lime
to time from the chalans received from the Devaswoms.
Agreement with the Treasury.
48. A separate pass book for each Treasury in which the Group
Superintendent has transactions should be maintained in Form No. 25
wherein the en'ries should be made once a month by the Treasury
Officer himself. A certificate of balance of letter of credit with the
Treasury should also be furnished by the Treasury Officer in form
 276

No. 1!0, Account Code, as per Article 527, Account Code, Part II.
The pass book should be agreed rcnnthly with the drawing account
Form No. 23 and the memo of cheques not cashed, drawn up. The
register of Devaswom receipts Form No. 24 should also be agreed with
the pass book at the same time.
Group Superintendents Cash Book of Expenditure.
49. A simple cash book of Expenditure will be maintained in the
Group office in Form No. 26. This is a day to day record showing
all payments by the Superintendent whether out of his imprest or by
cheques on the treasury. Each voucher for payment out of the imprest
and each Bill received from the subordinate Devaswoms for recoupment
or for direct payment af the Group office will be given a serial number
in column 3 and the amount itself en’ei'ed in the cash or cheque column
as may be required. The cash column should be closed when neces¬
sary by issuing a self cheque for the to’al and posting it without a
voucher No. in the cheque column with the Superintendent’s initials.
The cash book should be kept open for each fortnight until receipt of
the last recoupment bill from each Major Devaswom. With this bill
should be forwarded extracts of Form No- 18 and of any Temporary
Imprest Accounts opened in each Major Devaswom. These will be
given a serial number also in colum 3 but the amounts will be entered
only in column 6 for adjustment in the cash book as they have already
been charged for once.
Minor and Petty Devasuioms.
50. For Minor and Petty Devaswoms no accounts will be kept in
the Devaswoms concerned. All payments to them should therefore be
made out of the Superintendent’s imprest or by means of cheques, the
Superintendent being directly responsible for getting proper payees'
acquittances etc, to satisfy the audit requirements. To watch the
payment of any fixed recurring charges relating to these Devaswoms,
a register should be maintained in Form No. 27 in each Group Super¬
intendent's office in addition to the Cash Book of Expenditure. Charges
on account of Nandavanams and Rents and taxes will be paid and
included in the Group Superintendent's Account direct. But all
contingent charges of Elephants will be exhibited in the accounts of
the Major Devaswoms concerned. The Maramath charges pertaining
to the particular Devaswom incurred by Devaswom officers will also
be exhibited in the Expenditure Cash Book of the Devaswom.
iReturns to the Assistant Commissioner’s Office-
51. The Group Superintendent's Cash Book of Expenditure will be
in duplicate and one copy of it will be sent to the Assistant Commis¬
sioner with all sub vouchers and bills kis closed for each fortnigt
 277

incorporating all the transaction for that fortnight of the Major Devaswoms
i n the group, so as to reach his office on the 20th and 5th of the sub¬
sequent month. With the second fortnight’s accounts will be forwarded
also extracts of forms Nos. 23 and 24 for the month with the Treasury
Balance Certilicate received from the Teasury Officer and the memo of
uncashed cheques.
Accounts in the Assistant Commissioner’s Office.
52. The following accounts and registers will be maintained in the
Assistant Commissioner’s office in connection with the Devaswom
Fund : —
fi) Detailed registers of Devaswom Fund Expenditure for each
Group giving a separate page for each Major Devaswom, one for all the
Minor Devaswoms and one for the petty Devas.voms in the Group.
The charges will be posted direct from vouchers in these registers by
detailed heads of account. At the end of each Group register, pages
should be opened for each month for arriving at the group totals of
Devaswom Fund Expenditure by detailed beads of account.
(ii) A classified abstract of Devaswom Fund Receipts and Ex-
pendiiure as per detailed heads of account with separate pages for each
month and separate columns for each group of the Division- The
receipt figures for each group will be posted from the details given in the
ex'racts of Form No. 24 received from the Groups while the expenditure
figures will be posted from the totals worked out monthly in the group
regis'ers of Expenditure main'ained in the Devaswom. Two additional
heads of account will be opened in the Division classified abstract uiz..
cheques drawn on the receipt side and remittances into the Treasury on
the expenditure side. The totals of the drawing and remittance accounts
for the month as per ex'racts of Forms Nos. 23 and 24 received from
the Groups should be posted against these heads so that the grand totals
on the receipt and expenditure sides might tally, including the opening
and closing balances.
Returns to the Audit Office.
53. The posting and classification of the first batch of accounts re¬
ceived from each Group should be completed by the 25‘.h and the
Group accounts in original with all supporting vouchers should be des¬
patched to the Audit Office by the Assistant Commissioner on the 25th.
The second batch of accounts should be similarly dealt with in the
Assistant Commissioner's office and the Group accounts forwarded to
the Audit Office on the lO.h of the subsequent month. The Assistant
Commissioner should forward to the Audit Office with the second batch
of the Group accounts a copy of the classified abstract of Devaswom
Fund receipts and charges supported by the drawing and remittance
 278

accounts Forms Nos. 23 and 24 received from the Groups, The

Treasury Balance certifica*e and the memo of uncashed cheques received
from each group should also be forwarded to the Audit Office at the
same time.
Devaswom Matamaih.
54. The Executive Engineer in charge of the Maramath works shall
apply to the Audit Office through the Devaswom Commissioner for the
credit he would require to be placed in the several Treasuries out of
the Devaswom Fund for works entrusted to him. The amounts will be
drawn by the Maramath Circle Officer in whose jurisdiction the work
is being carried out. For this purpose he will be supplied with a Deva¬
swom cheque book. Payments for works can be made only on
authorised P. W. D. bill forms and each Circle Office should maintain
a Cash Book in duplicate and render fortnightly accounts to the Audit
Office in the same way as a Group Superintendent through the Maramath
Executive Engineer. The latter, besides forwarding the cash books
with vouchers received from the circles, should also send a consolidated
account showing the expenditure by works against the total amount
drawn. A pass book also should be maintained by each Circle Officer
and he should obtain a treasury balance certificate monthly from the
Treasury Officer and furnish it with a memo of uncashed cheques to the
Audit Office.
Special Officer for Verification of Thimoabharanams, etc.
55. He should apply for the credit required in the Treasury in
whose jurisdiction he may be staying from time to time through the
Devaswom Commissioner before the beginning of each month, The
amounts should be drawn by cheques on the Treasury for which a
cheque book will be entrusted with the Special Officer. Payment
should be made only in Code forms and should be accounted for in a
cash book in duplicate in Form No. 28. He should send a copy of the
cash book for tbe previous month with all vouchers and bills on the 5th of
each month. A pass book should be maintained and a treasury balance
certificate obtained and forwarded monthly with a list of uncashed

Expenditure from General Revenues.

56. Accounts for payments made from General Revenues at the
groups as well as the Assistant Commissioner’s Office should be kept
distinct from the accounts of the Devaswom Fund. The Code rules
should be followed entirely in drawing and accounting such expenditure.
Cheques and cheque books.
57 AH drawing officers against the Devaswom Fund should give
their special attention to the rules regarding cheques and cheque books
 279

given in articles 26 to 28 of the Account £ode. Part I, Articles 513 to

5 18 of the Account Code, Part 11, and paras 20 to 28 of Appendix X.
Devaswom cheques are current only for 3 months from date of issue
and can be drawn only for Rs. 10 and above, all payments for less than
Rs. 10 being met out of the Imprests in cash. The recoupment imprest,
will however, be made by cheque whatever the amount. Devaswom
letters of credit will lapse at the end of the year though cheques drawn
before the last day of Karkadagom may be met from the undrawn
balance of previous year up to the close of Thulam. fVide Article 511,
Account Code, Part II.)

Order No. 175 of 23 dated 20th January 1923 re : form for

classified abstract.

Detailed registers of Devaswom Fund Expenditure for each group

required in para 52 (i) and a register of classified abstract of Devaswom
Fund Receipts and;Expenditure as per detaited heads of account with
separate pages for each month and separate columns for each group of
the District as required in para 52 (ii) should be maintained in each
Assistant Commissioner’s office. A consolidated account in the form*
attached should be compiled from this classified abstract and forwarded
to the Account Office by each Assistant Commissioner supported by all
vouchers and statements as required in para 53.

Dis. No. 353/23/Account.

Office of the Devaswom Commissioner
Trivandrum, 23rd February 23.
Circular.
As many of the applications for letter of credit received for the
month of Kumbhom 1098 from Superintendents were not found to be
correctly prepared, the following instructions are issued for the guidance
of Assistant Commissioners and Superintendents m regard to the same.
In the application form prescribed there are six headings to be filled in ;
and they are:—
1. Grant alloted to the group including additional grant if any.
Against this heading the total budget allotment out of the Devaswom
Fund for the groups for the year 1098 may be noted. For checking
the accuracy of the figure full details as to how this figure is arrived at
may be explained in a separate slip as per form noted below and
* The form lias been appended to Part II of Volume I of the Devaswom M&imai.
 280

attached with the application. The additional allotments, il any referred

to above means the diversions made out of the reserve e:ther with the
commissioner or Assistant Commissioner from time to time or additional
sanction conveyed. This also should be included in the total allotment
referred to above.
2. Total expenditure to the end of; Against this heading the total
expenditure incurred out of the Devaswom Fund (and not state chari¬
ties also) for the previous month should be given, l. e., in the applica¬
tion for 8198, the total expenditure incurred to the end of 6/98 should
be given. Even if there be objections or disallowances, either by the
controlling officer or the Account Officer, the total money actually spent
out of the Fund, including those amounts objected to or disallowed
should be given.
3. Amount drawn up to the end of first fortnight. The amount for
which cheques have been issued to the end of the I 5th of the month, in
which the application is made should be noted against this heading. In
the application for 8/98, the amount for which cheques were issued to
the end of 1 5-7-98 should be given.
4. Balance of credit on the 15th. Against this heading, the total
balance out of the credit sanctioned till the 1 5th prior to the application
should be noted. Since the balance on the last day of Dhanu, out of
the total credit sanctioned to the end of 5/98 had lapsed, the actual total
expenditure incurred to the end of Dhanu 1098 (r. e. for the first 5
months) out of the Fund should be considered as the credit sanctioned
for the period. For example, in the application for Meenom 1098 the
figure to be noted against this heading is, the expenditure incurred to the
end of 5198 plus the credits sanctioned for 6 and 7/98 minus the total
of the expenditure to the end of 6198 as per heading 2 and of the amount
drawn in the first fortnight of 7|98 as per heading No 3. In other words
this column will give the amount that remains undrawn out of the total
credit sanctioned at the end of the first fortnight 7/98.
Note.—The total of the figures noted against the headings 2, 3,
and 4 will give the total credit sanctioned hitherto, out of the
budget allotment out of the Fund for the group.
5. Amounts for which letter of credit may be issued. The figure
noted against the heading No. 1 minus the total noted in para 4 supra
will give the figure to be noted against this heading. This will represent
the maximum amount for which credit could or will be issued for the
remaining portion of the year (unless additional amounts are sanctioned.)
6. Amount of credit now applied for. The probable expenditure
that would be required for the succeeding month should be noted here.
 281
It would be advisable for the Superintendents to have beforehand state¬
ments of actual expenditure incurred last year for the month, so that the
amount required this year for the same month may be more or less
accurately ascertained.
The Assistant Commissioner should check the accuracy of the
figure furnished with the data available and make any alterations them¬
selves (without sending them back to the Superintendents for correc¬
tion) intimating the Superintendent at the same time of the alterations
made.

DeoosWom Commissioner«

Slip showing the details as to how the amount noted against

■ heading No. 1 of the application for credit.

Svperinlmdeut.
Note»--1. The amount of diversion made as per eaoh letter should be shown
separately*
•2. Iu the application for 8/98 instead of the heading “allotment
• anted in the last application ,r substitute the heading allotment
sanctioned as per letter K, 0. CJ. No. 282/22 dated uf the
 282
G. 0. R. Dis. No. I98I23JG. B. dated 27-3-23- Abolition of
Patbra Cooly. ;
Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the
Maha Raja of Travancore.
Read again: —
(1) G. O. Dis. No. 91 of'22, dated the 3rd March 1922,
sanctioning the introduction of a uniform rate of Pathracooli for Vazhi-
vadus conducted in Devaswoms.
Read also: —
(2) Letter R. 0. C. No. 42 of ’22, dated the . 19th January
1923, from the Devaswom Commissioner, recommending the abolition
of Pathracooli in temples.
(3) The correspondence ending with letter R. 0. C. No. 140
of 22, dated the 4th June 1922, from the Dewan Peishkar, Kottayam,
regarding the levy of Pathracooli for Sadyas in the Vaikom temple.
In G. O. Dis. No. 91 of ’22, dated the 3rd March 1922, it was
laid down that Pathracooli should be levied at the rate of one chackram
per edangali of rice within ten edangalies and at the rate of \ chackram
per edangali above ten edangalies, for Vazhivadus conducted in Sirkar
Devaswoms whether their Pathivus had been revised or not. The
Devaswom Commissioner has, in his letter read above, brought to the
notice of Government that the imposition rof Pathracooli has been felt as
a hardship by the public and that the Vazhivadus have been in conse¬
quence gone down considerably. He also says that several complaints
were personally made to him against this imposition during his tours of
inspection. He also observes that the amount realised as Pathracooli is
not sufficient either to repair the vessels or replace them when worn out
and that this imposition serves more to annoy the public than benefit the
Devaswoms. Under the above circumstances, Mr, Raja Raja Varma
recommends a reconsideration of the Government order and the aboli¬
tion of Pathracooli for Vazhivadus in Sirkar Devaswoms. He sees,
however, no objection to a Pathracooli at one chackram' per para for
the Sadyas conducted in the Vaikom Devaswom.
Order thereon R. Dis. No. 198 or 23/G. B. dated,
Trivandrum, 27th March 1923.
Government have considered the proposal made by the Devaswom
Commissioner and accept his view in the matter. They recognise that
every encouragement should be given and facility afforded to the public
in tbe matter of the performance of Vazhivadus in temples. Govern¬
ment accordingly direct the abolition of Pathracooli for Vazhivadus in
all Devaswoms with the exception of the Vaikom temple, where a rate
of one chackram per para will be charged for the use of temple vessels
for Sadya Vazhivadus performed in that temple.
 283

Rules dated 30th June 1923

Detailed Instructions for Accounts to be maintained in the
Assistant Deoaswom Commissioners’ Offices per Rules 52 and 53 of
DeoasWom Fund Account Rules.
Accounts in the Assistant Commissioners’ Office.
The following registers of Devaswom Fund transactions should
be« maintained by Assistant Commissioners.
Forms A, B and C- -intended for the detailed posting of vou¬
chers received from the Groups,
Form D—for collecting the monthly transactions under the Fund
expenditure heads.
Forms E and F—District Contractors’and Stores Ledger.
Form G—The District Classified Abstract.
Forms H, I, J and K- to work out the balances respectively
under the Stores and Imprest accounts and the Cheque and the
Remittance accounts.
Fund Expenditure out of Drawings.
2- Columns 10 and II of the expenditure cash hook (Rules 39
and 40) exactly correspond to the District Contractors’ and Stores
Ledger. But in the Devaswom, each article is separately accounted
for in Form 11. While in the District, each contractor’s account is
given in detail.
3. Voucher Forms 19 and 19A are intended to be used respectively
for Imprest Account purchases and credit supplies (Rules 35 and 39).
The first, which contains the payees' receipt, will be a sub-voucher to
the Imprest recoupment bill of the Devaswom, while the second when paid
by the Group Superintendent will form a voucher to his cash book. It
is necessary that quantities as well as values should be available for all
stores consumed and that the sales or supplies are acknowledged by the
seller or supplier himself. The forms provide for this.
4. Purchases made out of Devaswom Imprest amounts should be
shown in 'a separate columu 4 B ’in the Devaswom expenditure cash
book. Sub vouchers for these in Form 19 as well as for any payments
taken to a budget head in column 5 as per rule 36 should be attached
to the imprest recoupment bill. Form 20 A. No form is given in the
Devaswom rules for Devaswom payments taken direct to column 5.
These should be made in Form 19B. Form 20A with sub-vouchers in
Forms 19 and 19 B will become one kind of voucher attached to the
group cash book when paid by the Group Superintendent._
_Mttvsse fonnTltsveteii inoorpoMteil in Vol. I -V*it II of the Deratwom Jfsmiii'
 5. For credit supplies the bills or invoices in Form 19A should be
submitted to the Group Superintendent with certificate regarding
entries in stores ledger signed by the Principal Officer of the Devaswom.
These bills may be paid by the Superintendent either singly or several
invoice or bills together. The payee’s acknowledgment for the
amount should ordinarily be taken in Ae form itself; but if taken
separately, it should be supported by bills in form 19A. Thus form I9A
with payees’acknowledgment is the second kind of voucher ordinarily
attached to a group cash book.
6. The bills referred to in rules 38 may be either a simple receipt
as in Form l9Cora contingent establishment bill as in Form 19D.
In addition to these the only other vouchers that may come with a
group cash book for cash payments are establishment and travelling
allowance bills of pensionable establishments in Devaswoms, bills for
Maramath works executed by Devaswom Officers, elephant establishment
bills, bills of payment to Minor and Petty Devaswoms, Nandavanoms,
etc. These should be in Code Forms or in Forms 19C and D.
7. Besides the bills or vouchers for cash payments described above,
the group cash book will contain also adjustment bills in Forms 18 A
and 20 B. 18 A is an extract of the fortnightly en'ries in Form 18,
while 20 B is an extract of such entries in separate pages provided in the
cash book for entry of transactions under temporary imprest. There ex¬
tracts before submission to the Group Superintendent are entered in
columns 11 and 12 respectively as well as in column 5 of the Devaswom
cash boob. Stores spent, besides being recorded at the time in Form
11 are brought into Form 18 through Forms 13 to 17 in the case of
Nithianidanam, Masavisesham and Attavisesham- When an occasion
arises for any extraordinary expenditure in the Devaswoms the stores
used appear in Form 18 direct under the head opened. Issues of stores
for Ulsavam appear with particulars in Form 11 as in other cases, but
should be collected daily in form 18B for adjustment of the values in
columns 1 1 and 5 of the cash book, details being entered at the same
time in the separte pages for Ulsavom. These daily adjustment memos
in Form 11 B should be prepared in duplicate, one copy being retained
in the Devaswom to support the entries in the cash book and the other
be forwarded to the Group Superintendent to support the difference
between the fortnightly totals of stores used as per Forms 1 1 and 18
which, but for the Ulsavam occurring during the fortnight, would tally
as per rule 34.
8. All vouchers received with a Group cash book whether for cash
payments as in para 4 to 6 or for adjustment of stores or temporary
imprest as in- para 7 should show the correct detailed heads under Fund
expenditure. These entries will enable the vouchers being posted in
the appropriate registers A to C in (he District. In the case of adjustment
 285

of stores or temporary impress the vouchers in Forms 18 A and B

or 20 B will have to be posted a second time in Forms F or I.
9. The vouchers should be taken up serially for posting. In the
case of an Imprest recoupment bill fpara 4) the sub-vouchers should
be posted direct into the Devaswom page concerned of Form A or F
according as the payment is to a final head of expenditure or for store
purchase. All payments for credit supplies in Form 19 A I"para 5) will
be taken to the personal ledger concerned in Form E as they represent
cash receipts by suppliers for stores supplied. Payments at the group
office already taken to a final head in the Devaswom cash book in Forms
19C or D should be taken to the Major Devaswom page concerned in
in Form A as well as establishment bills etc., pertaining to that
Devaswom. Bills for payments to Minor and Petty Devaswoms
should be taken to District Form B, while for any payments made by
the Group Superintendents which do not appertain to a particular
Devaswom the bills or vouchers concerned should be posted in
Form C.
10. After all vouchers for cash payments are posted, the adjustment
vouchers should be taken up and the debit entries posted against the
head or heads concerned in Form A. When this is done the posting
of the group transactions to final budget heads of Fund expenditure for
the fortnight will be complete. After posting, the vouchers relating to
the first fortnight should be sen* to the Audit Office. No totals will be
worked out in Forms A to C, After the payments of the second fort¬
night are also posted, monthly totals should be made of the entries in
Forms A to C and carried to the register in Form D. The month’s
figures for the Fund expenditure heads numbered 1 to 16 in the District
Classified Abstract are taken from this register.
11. The Contractors’Ledger (Form E) will at this stage contain
entries on its receipt side posted from vouchers for group payments to
suppliers made during the two fortnights. The transactions to be posted
on the other side representing the actual supplies made by them at the
several Devaswoms (as per column 10 of the expenditure cash book of
the Devaswoms) should he taken from the extracts received as per
rule 44. The difference between the two sides will represent the amount
due to the particular contractor. The amount due to the contractor or
contractors in repect of each Devaswom will be found in column lOd
of its cash book.
12. The receipt side of the Stores Ledger (Form F) containing
entries of cash purchases made at the Devaswoms should already have
been posted from the Imprest sub-vouchers in Form 19. The credit
supplies will be noted on this side from the extracts received as per
rule 44, This will complete the receipt side. The other side should
 286
be posted from the adjustment vouchers form 18 A and B whose debit
entries have already been taken to Form A. The second posting (vide
para 8) of each stores adjustment bill would have been made thus and
the posting of the stores ledger completed. The difference between the
two sides will represent the actual stores remaining unadjusted with
each Devaswom and should agree with column lie of the Devaswom
cash book.
13. The stores account opened in each Devaswom may have either
a creditor or a debtor balance at the end of any account period. The
creditor balances represent amounts due to contractors while the debtor
balances represent stores paid for, remaining unadjusted in the Deva-
jwoms. These are collected respectively from Forms E and F into
Form H and the net sum outstanding either as dues to contractors or
unadjusted stores with Devaswoms for the District worked out therein.
This net balance will agree with the total of column 1 Id of Devaswom
cash book extracts received as per rule 44 and should be shown on the
reverse of the classified Abstract under the bead * Stores unaccounted
for ’.
14. The account of temporary imprests is opened in column 12 of
the Devaswom expenditure cash book. The fortnightly adjustments to
final budget beads of Fund expenditure are posted in Form A on receipt
of bills in Form 20B. When a temporary imprest is sanctioned and
drawn, the simple receipt obtained therefor should be attached to the
Group cash book at the time of drawing the cheque. The District Im¬
prest Account Form 1 will receive its debit from this voucher, while the
credit side will be posted with the totals of Imprest adjustment bills.
The District figure for balance outstanding under temporary imprest
could thus be worked out independently to agree with the total of
column 12c of the Devaswom cash book exracts. Provision is made in
District Form 1 to exhibit the transactions, if any, in the permanent im¬
prest so as to work out the balance shown on the reverse of the Classi¬
fied Abstract under the head Imprest.
15. The Fund expenditure is met by Group Superintendents out of
Treasury drawings on cheques. The month’s figures for the detailed
beads of Fund expenditure are posted in the Classified Abstract from
Form D '.para 10). The total drawings on cheques for the District for
entry on the receipt side heading V are worked out from the extracts
of Form 23 received from the Groups in Form J. The total Fund ex¬
penditure is recorded in this Form from Form D to arrive at the un¬
accounted balance for the District under Treasury drawings to agree
with the total of balances as per Forms H and I, as well as of column
13c of the Devaswom cash book extracts including permanent imprests.
 28 7

Fund Revenue and Remittance.

16. Under rule 5, all Fund revenue realised during a month should
be fully remitted into the nearest Treasury before the close of the Trea¬
sury account for the month. Group Form No. 24 is required to be
written up from the individual receipted chalans received from the
Devaswoms. To avoid delay in writing up this register and to watch
whether all revenue realised has been duly remitted into the Treasuries,
a copy of the Devaswom Revenue cash book should be obtained by
each Group Superintendent at the end of the month. While column 4
of Form No. 24 will classify the entire revenue realised, including any
unremitted balance under the revenue heads, only the total of each
chalan of revenue actually remitted into and acknowledged by the Trea¬
sury will appear in column 6. The total difference for the Group will
be noted at foot of Form No. 24 at the time o( agreeing with the Pass
Book. The extracts of Form No. 24 so received (rom the Groups
should be posted in District Form K. This form provides a separate
column for showing the total unremitted revenue of the several Groups of
the District to be shown on the reverse of the Classified Abstract. The
entries against headings I to IV on the receipt side as well as against
heading 17 on the expenditure side will be taken from columns 2 and 5
respectively of Form K.
Returns to the Audit Office.
17. A. copy of the District classified abstract of a month prepared
as shown above should be sent to the Audit Office on the 10th of the
subsequent month. The Group cash books and vouchers should be sent
after posting in the District registers on the 25th of the month and the
10th of the subsequent month. Group returns Forms 23 and 24 should
also be sent on the .10th after posting District registers Forms J
and K. The Assistant Commissioners are personally responsible to
see that no delay occurs in the despatch of these returns.

Audit or Dkvaswom Fund Expenditure nr the

Assistant Commissioners.
18. The audit of expenditure against the sanctioned Pathivu should
be conducted by Assistant Commissioners. The G O.’s revising the
Pathivus necessitate a check by quantities being exercised in the c^se of
Nithitmidanam and the Akathepaditharam in respect of other cere¬
monies./ To enable this being done, a Broad-sheet for each Major
Devaswom should be kept in the District Office in Form L in which
only the quantities as shown in adjustment bills forms 18 A and B
should be posted. In the case of Devaswoms where Pathivus have
been revised t}re annual quantities for each separate cermony for each
article should be worked from the Pathivu books and noted in this
Broadsheet in the column concerned. In the case of unrevised Deva-
swoms also the Broadsheet should be written up, the column for
quantities sanctioned being filled in with the original Pathivus.
19- The Assistant Commissioners’ Office will verify the rates
claimed with the contract rates where such rates exist. These rates
should also be intimated to the Audit office. Where no sanctioned
rates exist, it is quite necessary that Forms 19 and 19A for stores
should give only the actual rates charged by the sellers or the suppliers.
These should be checked with the prevailing nirak rates.
20. The accounts should not be written] up hereafter at fictitious
rates, or as it always happens in regard to an unrevised Devaswom for
fictitious quantities. Only the actual quantities received and spent at
current or sanctioned rates for the money allotments allowed to each
Devaswom should be charged for.
2f. Major Devaswom Forms 13 to 17 provide for a check of quan¬
tities consumed daily against specific ceremonies. The District Broad¬
sheet will exercise this check against annual sanctioned quantities for
each budget head, Nithianidanam, Masaohesham etc,, fortnightly by
posting Forms 18 A and B.
Group Cash Book.
22. The purpose and use of this cash book should be clearly under¬
stood. Cheques represent drawings from the treasury as well as pay¬
ments to contractors and others on account of Devaswom Fund ex¬
penditure. The drawings are noted in Form 23. The payments made
may be on final heads of account or on account of stores or for
temporary imprests. The fortnightly adjustments out of these to final
heads are recorded in column 6 in the cash book to which, if the
payments taken to final heads on cheques are added, the total Fund
expenditure accounted for will be arrived at for any given period.
Besides drawing cheques, the Superintendents are allowed imprests to
meet urgent petty cash demands. The amounts of imprest are not
recorded in the cash column. Cash payments out of imprests entered
here are totalled and the total transferred to the column for cheques at
the time that the cheque for recouping imprest is drawn.
23. The Group Superintendent should write up his cash book-as
each transaction takes place whether from his imprest or by drawing
cheques. Before making such payments he should obtain vouchers in
proper form with the head of account noted and number them serially
in column 3. Each voucher should contain his pay order as well as
the ‘paid’ stamp as in a treasury indicating the method of payment
whether it is in cash or by cheque and the number and date of the'
 289

cheque should also be noted in the latter case. Before submitting his
accounts to the Assistant Commissioner every fortnight the Group
Superintendent should see that all payments made by the Devaswom
officers from their imprests during the period are recouped and that all
adjustments on account of stores and temporary imprests are effected
and brought into his cash book, as otherwise the Fund expenditure
cannot be fully booked for the period in the district or the Account
Office.
. Devaswoii Cash Buoe—(Form No. 20).
24. Column 5 of this form shows the expenditure of the particuiar
Devaswom by detailed heads of accounts. It collects together the
expenditure incurred under the various heads from all possible sources.
First of alt every imprest payment which can be imnediately classified
to a final head is shown in this column as soon as the transaction takes
place. All such payments stiould be totalled and a line ruled across
the register below the total when the imprest vouchers are submitted to
the Group Superintendent for recoupment. Column 5 records also the
following classes of transactions- —
\ 1 ) Any hills submitted to the Group Superintendent for direct
payment other than for stores supplied.
(2) Stores adjusted to final heads from column 11,
(3) Expenditure debited to the head Ulsavam from column 12,
The above transactions, if they happen before the imprest vouchers
are totalled for recoupment, should be entered between ruled lines so as
not to affect the total of imprest payments.
25. As Devaswom expenditure is met out of cheques drawn from
the treasury, the cash book serves also for a record of the cheques s o
drawn. These are entered in columns 9, 10 c and 12 a and also in
column 13. From the cash book the balance remaining unaccounted
for at any given period can also he arrived at by deducting the total
expenditure booked for that period in column 5 from the total amount
of cheques.
26. The left and right hand sides of the cash book should thus be
clearly distinguished. The left side serves as a running account of all
payments out of imprest including cash purchases (columns 4 to 6) as
well as of all bills submitted to Group Superintendent for recoupment
or for direct payment (columns 7 to 9). Its function is thus similar to
that of the old contingent register, the Grouup Superintendent taking
the place of the Treasury and payments being made by cheque instead
of in cash. The right hand side (columns 10 to 13» serves for a
running account of all Devaswom transactions under the four Suspense
 290

heads, credit supplies (by contractors), stores, temporary imprests and

cheques. It may be noted that columns 1 to 3 are common (or all the
entries to be made in the cash book.
27. There cannot be any transaction in the Devaswom hereafter
that will not find a place in the expenditure cash book excepting of
course, revenue realised remitted or Vazhivadus received and spent and
these are separately provided for. It shall be hereafter the only com¬
plete initial account of Devaswom expenditure maintained at the spot
written up from day to day and from fortnight to fortnight.
28. As Devaswom expenditure is incurred partly by the Devaswom
officer and partly by the Group Superintendent it is very necessary that
the latter should intimate all his payments to the Devaswom officer con¬
cerned to complete his record. The entries relating to the particular
Devaswom in the Group cash book should be extracted in Form 26 A
and the same sent to the Devaswom Officer concerned, on thej last day
of each fortnight, so as to enable that officer to complete his cash book
entries and send an extract of it as per Rule 44 to the Group Superinten¬
dent before the 20th of the month and the 5th of the subsequent month.
By this time the Group Superintendent should have received the cash
and adjustment bills of all Major Devaswoms and incorporated them in
his cash book. It is likely that there ma iy be no imprest payments in a
particular Devaswom for recoupment. A ‘nil’ return should be obtained
and attached to the cash book in such cases. Stores will however have
been used during the fortnight for Pathivu expenditure in the Devaswom.
Form 18 A in respect of every Major Devaswom should therefore invari¬
ably accompany each fortnight’s cash book of the Group Superintendent.
Ulsavam Special Page.
29. When an Ulsavam occurs the special page alone should be
used for the daily and the detailed entries. The figures for the general
page of the cash book will occur only through one or other of the follow¬
ing sources.—
i. An adjustment of stores in Form 18 B, There will be a
separate entry each day in the special and general page between ruled
lines in column 5 as well as in column 1 1 general page.
ii. The fortnightly adjustment bill out of temporary imprest in
Form 20 B. The special page will record daily entries under the
detailed heads while the general page will record one fortnightly entry
under the single head Ulsavam . answered by (the opposite entry in
column 12.
Necessity of Imprests.
30. The special Ulsavam pages should be used whether a temporary
imprest has been sanctioned therefor or not.. If the expenditure is met from
 291

the permanent imprest the entries should first appear in the general page
of the cash book, the detailed head entry coming in the special Ulsavam
page. In the case of stores issued, the entries will appear both in the
general and special pages each time an adjustment is made. No
separate stores should be maintained for Ulsavam in any case. In case
no imprest, permanent or temporary, is allowed for the Devaswom,
there will be no entries in columns 4 and 6 either in the general cash
book or in the special Ulsavam pages; but all other columns will have

Trivandrum, K. George,
30th June 1923. Account Officer.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 822 of 23 G. B. dated 'he I8'h December 1923.

Surplus under Devaswom fund should not be used for giving loans.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No, 2104 of 23, dated the

16th November 1923, I have the honour to inform you that the Go¬
vernment agree with you in thinking that the surplus in the Devaswom
Fund could be invested only with Government and that it should not be
used for giving loans to private individuals.
G. O- D. Dis. No. 756124/G. B. dated 27th October 1924.

Government agree with the Account Officer in thinking that no

recovery need be made from the Devaswom Fund on account of trans¬
mission charges in re: exchange of British nickel and copper coins
received in State Treasures as Nadavaravu from Devaswoms.
G. o. D. Dis. No. 159,/28/G. BTdated 7th May 1928.
Permanent Advance'to Group Superintendents.
Government sanction a permanent advance of Rs. (50) fifty to each
of the Group Superintendents of your department from the General
Revenues for expenditure under “ 24. Devaswoms and 25. State
Charities. ”
G. O. R. Dis. No. 975130/Reflated the 19th September 1930.
Self cheques may be drawn for amounts even below Rs. 10.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 12431 of 25|Acc.,

dated the 5th July 1929,1 have the honor to inform you that, in the
circumstances reported. Government sanction the Devaswom Group
Superintendents being authorised to draw self cheques for sums below
Rs. 10 inpayment of establishment charges also, as in case of recoup¬
ment of imprests.
 292

No. T. G. 2] of 104.
Account Office,
Trivandrum, 6th April 1931.
To
The Devaswom Commissioner,
Travancore.
Sir,
With reference to your letter R. O. C- No. 1624131 lAcc., dated
9th March 1931, I have the honour to inform you that cheques required
for payments to be made outside the state on behalf of Devaswom Fund
will be issued by this office free of cost to the extent possible.
1 have &c.,
R. NILAKANTA P1LLA1,
Account Officer.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 549/32/Dev., dated the 1 1th October 1932.

Proportion,of Pensionary contribution to be remitted on behalf of P. D.
Devaswom,

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 10448/31, dated the

1 2th March 1932, re: the deputation of Mr. M. K. Narayana Pillai,
Store-keeper, Vadavathur Devaswom in the Fhiruvarppu Group, on
foreign service. I have the honor to forward herewith the Account
Officer’s note on the subject and to inform you that Government sanc¬
tion the deputation accordingly, in the Special Proverthy Cutcherry
attached to the Erumeli and Paschima Devaswoms, his leave and pen¬
sionary contribution being recovered from the Erumeli and Paschima
Devaswoms at | of the officer s pay, of which 1(6 should be credited
to Government who pay his pension and the balance 1 / I 2 to the Devas¬
wom Department which pays his leave salary.

[Enclosure.]
Copy of the Account Officer’s Note No. Pen. 98, dated the 22nd
September 1932.

As pensionary contribution is recovered from the Devaswom

Department, he is treated as an officer of Government and sanction of
Government may therefore be accorded for his transfer to foreign service
as per Article 346 D., S. R. As he is an officer of Government trans¬
ferred to foreign service in the Erumeli and Paschima Devaswoms and
as he and his substitute in the Devaswom Department will count service
for pension from General Revenues, the pensionary contribution re¬
covered from the Personal Deposit Devaswom should be credited to
General Revenues.
 293

As regards the rate of contribution to be recovered on his behalf,

it may be observed that the recovery referred to in Article 346 K.,
S. R. at | of the officer’s pay, is on account of leave and pensionary con¬
tribution while the recovery made from the Devaswom Department at
116 of the officer’s pay is pensionary contribution alone. In the present
case, as the officer’s leave allowance is to be paid from the Devaswom
Fund, leave and pensionary contribution should be recovered from the
Erumeli and Paschima Devaswoms at j; ol the officer’s pay as against
116 recommended by the Commissioner, of which 116 should be credited
to Government who pay his pension and the balance, one-twelfth to the
Devaswom Department which pays his leave salary.

Letter No. T. G. 11 of 108, dated the 22nd November 1932 from

the Account Officer, Trivandrum, to the Devaswom Commissioner,
Travancore.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 8492i32jAcc,, dated
20th October 1932, re endorsement on contingent bills presented for
encashment at the treasury, I have the honor to observe as follows ;—
~ (I) Contingent bills are not to be >negotiated by endorsement
like cheques.
(2) The drawer of a contingent bill should acknowledge receipt
of the contents and present it at the treasury either himself or if neces¬
sary with a request that the amount thereof may be paid to the messenger
to be named. The necessary particulars to enable the disbursing
Treasury Officer to identify the messenger to satisfy him that the pres¬
enter of the bill came into possession of it legitimately should also be
furnished. The Treasury Officer is only regular in refusing payment if
he is not able to satisfy himself on these points. While therefore there
is no obiection to an abstract bill duly receipted by the drawer being
sent through an outsider for being presented at the Treasury for encash¬
ment, the Treasury Officer may refuse to pay unless the drawer of the
bill makes arrangements to satisfy the Treasury Officer as to the identify
of the messenger. I may however add that the safer course is to arrange
for the encashment of the bill through a subordinate of the officer who
could easily be identified by some member or other of the Treasury
staff.
 294

[Enclosure.]
Copy of letter R. O. C. No. 8492/32/Acc., dated 20-10-1932
from the Devaswom Commissioner, Travancore, to the Account Officer,
Trivandrum.
I have the honor to state that the Superintendent of Devaswoms,
Thrikkariyur Group (old) drew up an abstract contingent bill for
Rs. 45-5-2, endorsed it in favour of one Madhava Variar and sent it to
the Kottayam Divisional Treasury for encashment.' The Treasury
Officer returned the bill to the Superintendent objecting to its encash¬
ment, one of the reasons for -the objection being that Madhava Variar
was not known to the Treasury as a Devaswom subordinate (vide copy
of the objection slip enclosed). When it was explained to the Treasury
Officer that the Group office peon was not available to enable the
Superintendent to endorse it in his favour and that the endorsee need
not be a Devaswom subordinate, the Treasury Officer seems to have
permitted the bill to be encashed. Now the Assistant Devaswom Com¬
missioner, Vaikom District, requests to be favoured with a definite
ruling as to whether an abstract contingent bill presented by an outsider
will be cashed at the treasury. I request that you will be so good as*
to favour me with your opinion as to whether it will not be enough .if
the endorsee is a known person, not necessarily a subordinate official.

Extract from G. O. R. O. C. No. 77lf32/Dev., dated the 26th

November 1932.
Expenditure in Devaswoms.

6. The following facts have come to the notice of Government as

requiring attention :—
(a) The diversions in the sanctioned pathivu should tally with
the actual facts and the practice of invoicing for fictitious supplies
followed in order to circumvent the rules should be stopped.
(b) The practice of drawing money in advance and paying
therefrom for services rendered instead of isssuing cheques, after the
festival is over, direct to those who have rendered the services is ir¬
regular and should be put a stop to.
(c) Stringent instructions should be/issued to the officers con¬
cerned to see that the Standing Orders about the preparation and attest¬
ation of mahazars are strictly adhered to.
(d) The Group Superintendents have no facility to audit ex¬
penditure with reference to the accounts of past years or the sanctioned
 295

palhims. They are executive officers like the Section Officers of the
P. W. Department. Government’s intention has been that the audit
should be conducted by the Assistant Commissioners. The Superin¬
tendent’s responsibility is only that of a disbursing officer and is confined
to seeing that payments are duly authorised and are made to the proper
parties, that legal acquittances are taken etc. The Superintendents
cannot be expected to do any detailed audit.

Letter No. D. 769/4718. dated the 3rd March 1933 from the
Account Officer, Trivandrum, to the Devaswom Commissioner,
Travancore.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 10862/32, dated 24th

January 1933, 1 have the honor to inform you that as per Article 19(a)
receipts, drawn on account of funds administrated by Government but
not incorporated in the General accounts, have to be stamped. This
has already been intimated to all the Devaswom Superintendants in this
office letter No. D. 286(b) dated 15th December 1923.

G. O. Dis. No. 835/33IDev., dated the I4th December 1933

Procedure for remitting Pensionary contribution.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 6255)33, dated the

27th October 1933, 1 have the honor to inform you that in the circum¬
stances stated Government sanction the procedure suggested by the
Account Officer and recommended by you for remitting the Pensionary
Contribution of the employes of the Devaswom Fund Establishment viz.
that the Group Superintendents concerned should draw self cheques for
the Pensionary Contribution and endorse them by transfer credit to
“Pensionary Contributions”, being followed in future and existing rule
on the subject being modified accordingly.

CHAPTER XI.
SECURITIES.
G. O. Dis. i 204 of 23 dated 12th July 1923. Securities from
Kuthagapatfom lesees to be deposited in Saving’s Banks.
Sanction is accorded to invest the security deposited by Kuthaka-
pattam lessees in the State Savings Bank- The procedure followed in
the case of security deposits of Government servants, should be adopted
in these cases also and the Superintendents should be held responsible
for the safe custody of the pass books until the period of lease expire ;
and the lessees’ liabilities are settled.
 296

No. Bk-S. 2063.

Account Office,
Trivandrum, 1 7th July 1924.
To
The Anchal Superintendent,
Travancore,
Sir,
With reference to your letter No. 8301, dated the 2nd July 1924.
1 have the honor to observe that the depositor," Francis Tahrian was
relieved on 14th Makaram 1097 to proceed on long leave prepearatory
to retirement, but that his security was released so late as 25th Idavom
1100, causing a delay of 1 year and 10 months over and above the
period of six months allowed by the rules. 1 request you therefore to
note for future guidance that the date of relief on leave prepara'ory to
retirement should be taken as the date of vacating office and of expiry of
period of deposit for purposes of Article 189 Account Code, and the
Note thereunder.
I have etc.,
C. S. Khjshnaswamy Iyee,
Assistant Account Officer,
For Account Officer.

No. Bk. S. 629.

Account Office,
Trivandrum, 9th February 1927.
To
The Chief Secretary to Government.
Sir,
With reference to your letters Nos, 1008 of 26/S. B. dated 13th
September 1926, 1st October 1926, 5th October 1926 and 27th
October 1926, re the utilisation of the security deposit of contractors in
Savings Bank for contracts taken up in subsequent years, I have the
honor to inform you that as the Savings Bank Rules did not contemplate
such a procedure and as the practice was found to give occasion for
much confusion and protracted correspondance at the time of closing the
accounts, instructions have been issued to the Treasury Officers and
Heads ,of Departments and Offices not to allow the security of one
contract to be utilised for another but to close the accounts as soon as
each contract expires and to open fresh accounts for subsequent cont¬
racts.
 297

I request that you will be so good as to arrange to have the same

procedure followed in regard to Utsavamatom contracts also in future.
1 have etc.,
(Sd.) T. C. Thommes,
Assistant Account Officer,
for Account Officer.

No. D/S. B. 259,

Account Office,
Trivandrum, 12th January 1929.
CIRCULAR.
Re'- Article 273 Account Code. Security Deposit for sums
below Rs. 25 or for not over one year to be paid into the
Treasuries as ordinary Revenue Deposits.
Under Article 273 of the Account Code (as amended by correc¬
tion slip No. 38 dated 1st Mithunam 11 00.' a security deposit may be
tendered in the form of a Savings Bank account, Government paper
(Travancore or India), or in cash as an ordinary Revenue Deposit in a
' Treasury. Where the deposit is below Rs. 25 or the term of the
contract is less than a year, it would be convenient to have the deposit
paid into the Treasury as an ordinary revenue deposit.
Heads of Departments and offices empowered to accept securities
are requested to arrange accordingly.
K. N. Ramas0bba Alyak,
Account Officer.
To
All Heads of Departments and Offices and All Treasury Officers.

G. O. Dis. No. 195|29!Rev. dated the 28th January 1929.

Keeping of securities expecting future appointments.
With reference to the correapondence ending with your letter C.
No. 1238 of 28|L. R., dated the 1st December 1928, re: the delay in
closing Savings Bank Account No. S. A. 161 of Thodupuzha Sub¬
treasury standing in the name of Narayana Kurup Rama Kurup, Ag.
Accountant, Karimanoor pakuthi, I have the honour to inform you that,
in the circumstances stated. Government sanction the recovery of the ex¬
cess interest amounting to Rs. 16 Chs. 17-C. 0. being waived in
this case. In this connection I would invite your attention to Article
272 of tire Account Code, Part I and state that the practice of keeping
the securities, expecting future appointment, is incorrect, The practice
should be stopped and I request you to issue general orders accordingly.
 298

' G. O. No Fl. 90. dated the 22nd January 1931.

Delay in Releasing of securities.
The question of payment of excess interest on security deposits in
Savings Banks consequent on the delay in releasing securities is at present
investigated by Government in the Administrative Department on a
report regarding the same from the Account Officer and final orders are
passed in the Administrative Department after consultation with the
Heads of Department, either for recovering the excess interest passed
on such accounts from the party at fault or for waiving the same.
Government consider that a lot of their time is wasted in investigating
this question and have therfore decided that delays on the part of the
pledgee in releasing securities should be taken up by the Account Officer
direct with the Heads of Departments and that Government need be
addressed only when the Account Officer is not satisfied with the action
taken by the Head of the Department in the matter.
Government have also ordered that the questions relating to excess
interest on security deposits should hereafter be dealt with in the
Finance Department. They accordingly direct that all communications
on the subject may in future be addressed to Government in the
Finance Department.

Letter No. Pen. 2568/5759, dated the 9th March I932fromthe

Account Officer, Trivandrum, to the Devaswom Commissioner,
Travancore.
I have the honor to inform you that requisitions are often re¬
ceived from the Assistant Devaswom Commissioner, Suchindram> to
recover amounts from the pension of retired officers on account of
excess interest consequent on the delay in closing Savings Bank
accounts. As there are over twelve thousand pensioners as per the
registers of this office, it is not possible for this office to trace out the
retired officers if their names alone are furnished. Further, it is the
duty of the departmental officers to issue notices to the parties concerned
and ask them to remit the amounts in cash and only if they fail to do so,
compulsory deduction should be made from their pension.
2. In the circumstances, f request that you will be so good as to
issue necessary instructions to your Departmental officers to recover
such amounts in cash, failing which to furnish information.re: the No.
of the Pension Payment Order held by the pensioner and the Treasury
from which he draws his pension to enable this office to arrange for
the recovery. It will not be possible for this office to effect the re¬
coveries without the above information.
 299

G. O. D- Dis. No. 922/31/Rev. Ag. Manager dated the 4th July 1931.
Assistant Commissioners empowered .o accept Security bonds.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 3026/25, dated the

4»h October 1930, 1 have the honor to inform you that, in the circum¬
stances, Government sanction the Assistant Commissioners of Devaswoms
being authorised to act for Government and accept the Security bonds
in their behalf in cases where the Devaswom Subordinates have to
furnish security,
2. Instructions are also being issued to the Head Translator to
Government to furnish you with a Malayalam rendering of the model
bond form prescribed therefor in the Account Code as per Article
274 thereof.

CHAPTER XH.
Thlruvabharanams. Bharanipatranis etc.
G. O. No. dated 7th December 1918 re plus and minus statements.

eeaimjJo, anf) sd9oo~!©<s<tuoisidKiogoroc- gys aucej6BPgl©i

(inlitaaJOSfflsmo ^romacs gog-jslc&egas !gj=<m<o6<&oQ4 isnotetcTrxmlcja
moe^d58t&ar’<!36oblcnDa srocoj^aiarm asm&a&Or sioffiffloorurja-ssoaltoi
Qastoaaiiujo geralceermfinocsjo sm <&6m<sa&Co xalej sescotBTiAe&o^sl
a«a©°lrt!)1c2n(u6 ornWitnin^cuaaigwicmcs rmofiJSBBsfkoi aaotaac mm ojea
acsgcjslA^estsjo ■•sreoiia'a oosamcm ajaiaooacccocssas
<S)o aflaitoio t^sn.'niffltaaiaras auo!<»fl ssanaiOcQ'RBo ecg^OQaiaaficiacaio
«ej (Btooicpjrmnnicno saj<astagT!<a6 oJro'icMmtmlsai^co amjTcagazoasl
®i^a6>acrrao Atog srerolsejcBQ <mm:jooc9^l|gg. re>:ssoiae<o6roo acg^ocj
fflaniolao \n-o e®arnlo-ia©o a_-o <u§aj<®:ii§o ca_-o cdcoiAa^o
graojsltaOo ®§®©6Aoajig-pc!srn) BrtssBacY.QCjjaa. og)g.o
<8eaicn>j60B^ssoq!o aouo oo-iKst^fafiuomg> AOsnol-iy aQgraxitaaas^.
(oilcro ® -oo cocmssc «<a>a§<orof)|8a. oooej aatgjAoacgjOcfcaaaia anoo
sbsOo goasnasam) Igj srecnjryltoliflsom.'st' ooa©& rooagjyoaKm cujai
nmfli&Go stooDtnjiDlAj '-Scflsrrn'oilcB cdloai t9s>,ioacD.>omn ng)$<g!g)<a>Oo
ffliDomny xugoaAgACgjo fflYsnnloagfpo oostsiaWaso QAia^arganoiacnD.

. .jd ao.g)AOaoao^Ao®o p aai?®6 (mo^JaAg!to6oo|oioo

ootoloaioocf'i ffiCj^oo,©aabaACc (jncaiaoaiflal^ aJiGsc/saaoixy goto aa<ru»
 300

C8(B)(s5 aomjsorooa^ggi (SYO^OTnjiaoifvo @>„oon»-ca«<s>(ijo cijotailAiaa

rruo oa o ooc»-aj«©asag.88 ssamaso ®rc®uy ag)$®l (mtoffitftsicqjo goo
ajffifloo ajjooOTsIcro coro'dT'g crucairo^ SDio-gjaa soj^t&glajo <soisna
eajoaaj offlg’apCTflgfe) a;yl§n^<eafl.aJ qi%cq!o a.&jflcgsns(s>c6!r»u. ,
o_. gcrag-jsl<&Oo tftsm<saoig_jc0joroo oo^m'a<£n®^eaacrr)3 ogjcno
asnjoegju ohtsrmmlcro ruiancAsSeoib a<®£jsl«eb®acq)o sjotncigas aflai
«<ijTOiati a0§>miloj^"l=as, (mcaio^j®! sryt0ec05®gcqjo a-i<okc®ocooo co
se(ormsn§TOOe9ia».
oo_. Rsigotftmaao ao^cut&acaio cojoaraiacrroo ^soaro mjjgi^o
aasgwacaofflsnas (sroaejalffli ©a^A^sl ffirosa^jo assgjsl asnstidsal
aaieal a®ejleeja aQjggfld»CQjl<n!l«eja ffic950<sfo?(05aT>o®6 tswsilci© as©
oocqj®1<o6 soiaslcgiOoa-jascaiag ^dasa^^flTicaaOSfiafm^o ggssBacncq!
gg. nrvj-(b^a®gJs1<a>oa og)^n-J<sraflffl6 (yffimjcfco raTi§aaj§
<BWioQianfflaa*32)0(o6 crujg^ a®3gjsl<3®° ®aja^1<BQo easaoeiifflo
cncaiioacSiassra (SYo®D(BTi@e]c3a(&'6ra <&i<me cjtrosjoas© o®^«sTlfficas6na
(DioAcno.
d. Geairrujmsflcoi fosg_j cDosnajossraaocsal mwon aic&c&ag,
®ra(B)lc»aa.nr50Jfnoainaj <mo«^cs®liB4 ®§d9ffllaJo®i3flm om^jgo
oj^I O°aac9s)l(o6 crxaitb cftoaoi^msmo.
®. ssqktujo ^fBisiaco (TUoaiffiBsflffli oqvii!asaro;a^ajoaaa
(TUtSaoA gmgJslc&Oo aryt6flj“ac6aoaj|craofflsjo ®TO,xJae©smBtrolaoaaejo
aoaojgj c^jos cujirojafruoaiSjofflsnBa caassmo aaJ&laajsoartsisicao o®
amsTleioas itoo (Tuafflaoco) cncgio «uo)«J) loaJld) gsPiSmo
oQ>cno (ttaooolariaoeea (StDo'.Qj,fl,i§l<s»0(o6 fflra«nlsei<ss ascii scusns an
onoiq^stJLit^ QOCQ^ffiaisr® cpsa_islcDSima)«B> crj^w-ieloDarao tngansiaica.
c^roaiocQ) AogStoimleio <arocoW> oi-iaiajo (SVOuIl&o °®fj$cyo aaa a«s
g_jsl*§as crydaajl^-flejo aj<ol<8c®oaJcn:D»lejo <scfjjOQaaaiq,.ftOo <a<f1
agcm^o crvtaai0i22iac!qjo (/o£\sdoxT|o Q®@i!^!Bra(S!Jcgl9«eb,c8aj(TUJ«BaOoc0a
(STDajaaacoo (®rooTlaiiaocQ>ia§a (BiDgJsfe^ooo gunoiaKiBan, o®gjoait9»
<e>sigQ3)° wosmotsa aj^fnyorrv®i30edK)° jBsaaoc&oasn ascrosob cnoOoai
i cfeancflac9.a:toi <30®xjoaai i?(B>(Ci6aAoasO<flaaB®STRo o®orr>dl<$;<e> goo
m»con#ufi>glejo roiarjcaloisoiiJaii (a-jarai^cao g^laje^srgttnostt).
gi'Q-jAproo (oiooo^.aieoiiaoa®. <a«osn? cnswrolcMcm aflaadcaiaroTlKji ®aj
na?«8ao®o (©socffl.coilfflnsosssns.moc&aiD
 306

G O. No. D. 1288/100 of 19 dated 5th Edavam *094.

Use of Sirkar Thirauvabharanams in Devasw-oms

cearoridjstoA rruJcraia;®! gsniOS5>2nj Egg. (msstostnsasalroi «to

ojtb cafin®oai<fl>oa;o3il oosogaa)^'5gaainx! a ops© a (3raejotao®snml
rooxl) sojeaa.ocdldsioaaa-'a - as. agj^oolaiodTi^o au<s^o(i>Qj.ft<n>o<J3>l
cosrolasioajrm <stS)§®6ro?sS;3gjos)ra> aoq, oasarooss ffli© =m6rosse^.o
Gcaai>S!!3r3fliD6 ao_isca.jcoa.-ij|5CTfgiai3cif> aJosggitsiagJcnogfi. aHaitBo go
ooon^ndyoaa arofcanjsaroiAQQio g® aOTroraaflcio ailsrao
coaojai'l (rojnanjca wa= Kansas Co anc&cra ra)i®aJogR>srn>68S3go§ g&s
•aar-bd oioani ea«i©OT3i.<o6 aoJ2aa3ir?i^an(tnD'&'l(tscTr)0(a6 isitiroilicsi
Qjjysr»o<&jQjcm ro^io srcnja® SDJacu'iifls.rmiiaoa6ir.rre3s toil no a-iosia
<&.olcoaoco oo;<afli!^a^3sl ojos^soi IcHrmraiOsiariTrgg nruocrrail ooo
oDnaaaa® a;x,fTolejaaa cos<urtjT<S5io ©■ojscjjsrisrawcai'no-

G. O. No. D. 3421 dated 13th November 1920

re : modification in plus and minus statements.

axiooase^ws a^ofld) t&smaas^yc&Oioo cajoa^cdlcasOtsDo ^§rai<o&

&OoSgjS)sa?o ffoodsio g>(®a:cajd> a«sg-js'l<e.Oo c/ottflaaiocoft
©i<eacnt> o®cno roOgoaissitraTloQjlsffiOffiisa0 raiaDc/o’licfcsoaia eswoacyo oj
rml|®smmo rrotig isisiau a.cu3ij6ro©2onD <e-,o8mt.a:pggg_ gocooao@o
ffotsgjoCo aojasrsma nnlKsaocrfl^flsncSaoia. <mcrai' roo<ei rarcraro® aj<&
roaoju1 o-isfS!) oisaosnoiiffloio rain©;? t$mi a^^raHcncTTilrasaioggScuoaaj
o_jraT|3is fficgpasacriolacibo agculejo <s0cu(TU-ioaJl&&«8° -oJCtrolmc&sio
©ai isrofflgjsfl-ai nja«j)r'<a«a(Da3o sajaro^rafl »g-p§rrog>ig)SOa<m go®
scgjOaaacriolsiaj ailatraamOo uodo (Bioe^aalsi ggitTig-igg. 'sons©!
d> gocm ffissni gocmaotruo £D'©oo rail®rafl turaiTaj ogjcrro ogj^raTl
<D»e^<fla^bO<sf5 ffia-irao © q_jo aiqg^aso raioe^sslejo eaoJnr\j_®K»lejo
o-ici^(fii6ssOo fflsn|o gocrrxso-joOo Qjffllaooocol^ og)cnt> ogjg1
rail a*3iaj“sl(Bnncral«36ao.iso raioocralrabsosso aaactso ag^o CLK^c^oanj
acgwBTjiDAcno. ac]^oc),aainiQ,cejOo Asloa&jcgja gDSCQio&oaro aomjo
araioao cetolcQJomfl ffltoctsc^rrriraiicro ascii .oigosiAgl crjs<mrn|fficee>6rara>3
 307

Rules passed by the Government of Her Highness the Maha Rani

Regent re: the accounting, custody, disposal and verification of Thiru-
vdbharanams, Bharanipatroms. Pattuparivatlams and other articles in the
Devaswoms.

(1) Each important Devaswom is provided with a collection box

or Vanchi into which Nadavaravus are as far as possible put. The
Vanchi should be kept in a conspicuous place and imbeded in the Boor
or otherwise safely secured in a permanent place so as to prevent its
removal bodily or the transfer of its contents. It should be locked by
the Assistant Commissioner and sealed with his personal seal and opened
at regular intervals. None of the employees, including Sthanakars and
Kaisthanis who, as a mamool used to accept Nadavaravus, should here¬
after receive them. It is the duty of the Devaswom employees to inform
the offerers that all articles should be put into the Vanchi wherever
possible, and to report to the chief officer of the Devaswom whenever
articles which cannot be so put in are brought. Where there is the
custom that Sthanakars and Kaisthanis should, in the first instance, re¬
ceive (hem, they should do so in the presence of the chief officer of the
Devaswom. In a temple, where there is no Vanchi or collection box
the officer or Santtlcaran thereof should accept the Nadavaravus (whether
money or articles) and send up the same on the day of receipt to the
chief officer of the Devaswom with a list and obtain receipts from him
(Form No. I cr No. 3 of the Fund Account Rules) for each item.
The receipt of an elephant as Nadavaravu in a Devaswom should im¬
mediately be reported also to the Devaswom Commissioner.

(2) A register for preparing mahazars, in bound volume, with

pages machine-numbered, should be maintained in each important Deva¬
swom. Whenever collections are received in receptacles other than
Vanchi on important festival occasions, such as Ashtami at Vaikom,
Makaravifakku at Sabarimala, Kodai at Mandakad, etc., a mahazar
should be prepared by an officer of the Department not below the rank
of a Superintendent detailing the collections received as Nadavaravu.
The Mahazar should be signed by him and the Devaswom subordinates
present, and by at least three respectable witnesses. The services of a
goldsmith should be utilised for ascertaining the weight, fineness etc., of
the gold and silver articles received as Nadavaravu and he should also
sign the mahazar. The goldsmith may be paid from the contingencies.

(3) A register (in Form No. 2 of the Fund Account Rules) should
be kept for all receipts as Nadavaravu, whatever their nature. When
articles which cannot conveniently be put into the Vanchi or collection
 308

box are received as Nadavaravu, a receipt (Form No. 3 of the Fund

Account Rules) should be given by the chief officer of the Devaswom
to the party presenting them and the articles brought on into the register
of Nadavaravus immediately. When collections are ascertained by the
officer as laid down in para 2, he should see that articles other than
current coins are credited in the register of Nadvaravus and then sign
the register. Whenever the Vanchi is opened, its contents should be
sorted and brought on into the register of Nadavaravus after preparing
a mahazar and the mahazar and the entries in the register of Nada¬
varavus should also be attested by the Assistant Commissioner. The
Assistant Commissioner should, at the time the Vanchi is opened see
that articles received at the Nada as per counterfoils of receipt book as
well as those as per the mehazar prepared by the Superintendent are
duly brought into the Nadavaravu register before initialling the register
in token of verification.
(4) The current coins whether received at the Nada or in the
Vanchi or other receptacle should be taken charge of by the chief officer
of the Devaswom or the Treasurer (including Kaisfhanis or Sthanakars)
and credited in the revenue cash book (Form No. 9).
(5) Valuables such as uncurrent coins, jewels, gold and silver
articles, cloths etc., whether received at the Nada or during processions
on important occassions, or at the time of the opening of the Vanchi,
should he taken charge of by the chief officer of the Devaswom or the
Treasurer (including Sthanakars and Kaisthanis). From among the
articles credited in the Nadavaravu register as laid down in para 3, the
Assistant Commissioner should, at the time of the opening of the Vanchi,
select the articles to be retained for use in the Devaswom and those to
be disposed of or melted. Such of the articles as are not marked out
for sale or for being melted should be credited in the register of valu¬
ables (Form No. 4 oi the Fund Account Rules) to be kept in the
“Devaswom, the Register being attested by the Assistant Commissioner.
This register will consist of four parts , Thiruvabharanams, Bharani-
patroms, Pattuparivattaras, and other articles. Separate pages should be
set apart in each part of the register to note each kind of article.
(6) Valuables made or purchased with the Devaswom Fund
money should also, be brought into the register of valuables immdiateiy
on receipt. The Assistant Commisssoner should, at the time the Vanchi
is opened, check the entries regarding them with the copy of the com¬
pletion bill and initial in the register in token of verification, a copy of
the completion bill of articles supplied to a Devaswom being furnished
to that Devaswom by the Superintendent for record.
(7) The deductions in stock should be noted in the remarks
column of the register of valuables in red ink under the signature of the
 309

chief officer of the Devaswom as soon as the article is disposed of. The
No. and date of the order of the authority sanctioning the disposal should
be noted and the manner of disposal c'eariv but briefly stated. The
Assistant Commissioner, at the time of the opening of the Vanchi, should
also verify the corrections in the entries regarding deductions in stock
noted in the register till then with reference to the orders on the subject
and attest each such entry.
(8) Two copies of extracts from the register of valuables, showing
the additions or deductions noted therein at the time the Vanchi is
opened by the Assistant Commissioner, should be prepared by the Devas¬
wom subordinates every month and one copy should be forwarded direct
to the Devaswom Commissioner and the other to the Assistant Commis¬
sioner of the District. If there is nothing, a nil statement should be sent
so as to reach the offices on or before 10th of the next month. Along
with this a statement “ (Form No. 29) in respect of deductions noted in
the register of valuables should also be submitted to both officers.
t'9) A permanent record of the valuables in each Devaswom should be
kept in the Assistant Commissioner’s Office and in the Office of the
Devaswom Commissioner in Form No. 4 in 4 parts as is done in the
Devaswom itself. In the registers maintained for the purpose the
additions and deductions in stock should be entered under the initials of
the Assistant Commissioner and the Personal Assistant to the Devaswom
Commissioner respectively.
(10 Acknowledgments should be obtained by the Officer of the
Devaswom in a book kepi for the purpose.* iForm No. 30) whenever
valuables are entrusted to the Devaswom subordinates for use in con¬
nection with the performance of their duties. It is the duty of these
subordinates to see that such articles when given out for cleaning &c.,
are returned to them by the cleaner at the close of the day and to keep
them safe for the night. Any omission on the part of the cleaner &c.,
to return any article should be brought to the notice of she chief officer
of the Devaswom on the same day. In respect of articles which are in
general use and which are not entrusted to a particular employee for the
performance of his duties and which pass through several hands on a day
such as vessels used for cooking Nivedyam &c, acknowledgment
should be obtained by the chief officer of the Devaswom from the
Treasurer (including Stbanakars) or Accountants, Such articles should
be kept safe for the night under the single lock of the Treasurer (includ¬
ing Sthanakars’; or Accountants or under the joint lock of the Treasurer
(including Sthanakars; or Accountants, if any article is not received
back at the close of the day, the fact should immediately be brought to
the notice of the chief officer of the Devaswom, As regards fixtures,
‘Appended to Devaswom Jlaimal Vul. I., Part II.
 310

acknowledgment should be obtained in the book by the chief officer of

the Devaswom from the Treasurer (including Sthanakars) or
Accountants, the custodian of the key of the room in which the
articles are fixed, and the servants who actually handle them. _ If any
one comes to know of the loss of any article, intimation should immedi¬
ately he given of the same to the chief officer of the Devaswom.. In
regard to fixtures in open place, /. e., outside closed rooms but within
the outer walls of the temple, acknowledgments should be obtained in
the book by the chief officer of the Devaswom from the Treasurer (in¬
cluding Sthanakars; or Accountants, the servants who handle them and
the watchers. The loss of ary article should he immediately brought
to the notice of the chief officer of the Devaswom by one or the other
of these employees. Acknoweledgments should be obtained from the car
watchers (if there is a watcher; or from the temple watchers in respect of
the fixtures in cars. The acknowledgments taken in the book should
be renewed every time a hand is changed and once in three years in a
fresh book and the chief officer of the Devaswom should attest the entries.
(II) Thiruvabharanams belonging to the Devaswoms in whic h
strong rooms are provided which are not required lor daily use should
be kept in such strong rooms. Such Thisuvabharanams belonging to the
other Devaswoms, except Vahanams made of gold or silver which should
be secured safe in the temple itself, should be deposited for safe custody
in the strong room attached to the important temple (to be constructed if
there be no strong room) or in the taluk treasury rooms at the head¬
quarters of the Superintendent in box sealed with the seal of the
chief officer of the Devaswom concerned. One of the keys of the
strong room in the temple should be with the Group Superintendent and
the other with the Treasurer of the temple in which the strong room is
built.
(I2j Valuables other than Thiruvabharanams and the Vahanams re¬
ferred to in Rule 11 should be in the join! custody of the chief officer of
the Devaswom and Treasurer (including Sthanakars) or Accountants.
(13) Whenever valuables kept in the joint custody of the Group
Superintendent and the Treasurer (including Sthanakars) or Accountants
or of the chief officer of the Devaswom and the Treasurer (including
Sthanakars) or Accountants are taken out or placed in, a mahazar should
be prepared by the Superintendent or the chief officer of the Devaswom
as ffie case may be detailing the transaction. If in the course of use of
the articles any loss or damage is discovered, a mahazar should be im¬
mediately prepared detailing the loss or extent of damage. When
articles once taken ou> are put in afterwards, they should be examined
by the Superintendent or the chief officer of die Devaswom to ascertain
whether there are changes of a suspicious character. In regard to
Thiruvabharanams, it should also be ascertained whether changes in¬
volving loss to the Devaswom have occurred and whether all the
precious stones are intact.
 311

(14> Each Devaswom is provided with the valuables that are abso¬
lutely required for the daily and occasional use of the Devaswom. No
necessity therefore ordinarily exists for obtaining a loan of valuables
from other Devaswoms. If, however, for the conduct of Ulsavanls and
extraordinary ceremonies in one Devaswom, the Group Superintendent
thinks it necessary to obtain a loan of Thiruvabharanams from another
Devaswom, he should obtain the sanction of the Assistant Commissioner.
The loans of other valuables, the Superintendent can himself arrange.
The sanctioning authority should satisfy himself that the loan is given
only on absolute necessity.
(I5i Loan of valuables can be granted only on the personal receipt"
(Form No. il ) of the chief officer of the Devaswom who is responsible
for returning them within a week after the ceremony for which the loan
is obtained. Failure to do so should at once be brought to the notice of
the Group Superintendent who should himself recover or arrange to re¬
cover the value of the articles at the then current market rate from the pay
for the month and the security of the chief officer of the Devaswom con¬
cerned. On return of the valuables a receipt* (Form No. 32) should
be given to the officer who returns them. Any change in the articles
involving loss or damage should be immediately brought to the notice
of the Superintendent.
(16) The removal of the Devaswom valuables by the Devaswom
subordinates from the precincts of the temple except for the performance
of their duties connected with the Devaswom is strictly prohibited.
They should not be taken out even for temporary personal use.
Responsibility.
(17) No change (other than those due to natural causes) will be
allowed in an article except with the approval of the Assistant Commis¬
sioner, and whatever changes effected under proper authority should be
briefly noted in the remarks column of the register of valuables under
the signature of the chief officer of the Devaswom with the number and
date of the sanction.
(18) It is the duty of every Devaswom subordinate to use the
valuables with the greatest possible care ; and the loss or damage of
articles due to causes other than those beyond his control should be
made-good by the person in charge of the article or by the person
through whose negligence the loss occurred, the amount to be recouped
being fixed at the current marvel value or the book value whichever is
higher. Failure to give timely intimation to the chief officer of the
Devaswom as required by the rules will shift the responsibility for pay¬
ment from the person who lost the articles to the person to whom it had
*Appendt*J to Dfcvaswoin Manual, Vol.I Put II,
 312

been entrusted. In the ease of fixtures the loss should be made good
by the persons from whom acknowledgments have been obtained in pro¬
portion t» the emoluments they get from the Devasworn. Deficiency in
weight on account ot reasonable wear and tear will, however be
allowed but what is reasonable wear and tear will be determined in
each case according to its circumstance.
Disposal.

r 19'; Such of the Nadavaravu articles as could be made use of in

the Devaswom should be so used, their price at the contract or nirak
rate heirg credited m the accounts under Nadavaravu through the regi¬
ster of sales. Perishable articles which cannot be so used should be
auction'd immediately dv ihe chief officer of the Devaswom, an auction
list being prepared in a book kept for the purpose signed by himself and
three respectable witnesses. Non-perishable articles should be periodi¬
cally sold or disposed ot bv the Superintendent to the best advantage of
the Devaswom. But fne auction, if any, should be confirmed by the
Assistant Commissioner if the value of the article exceeds Rupees one
hundred, and by the Devas >vom Commissioner if the value exceeds
Rupees two hundred and fifty.
(20) Towards the end of the 3rd quarter of the official year, the
chief officer of every Devaswom should sent to the Assistant Commis¬
sioner through the Superintendent along with the plus and minus state¬
ments :
;i; the statement for Nadavaravu articles marked out by the
Assistant Commissioner for sale,
;ii) Do. for melting,
!iii) list of Thiruvabharanams marked out for disposal by the
Assistant Commissioner after verification.
;iv) list of Bharanipatroms and Pattupariyattams marked out by
the Superintendent for disposal after verification.
On receipt of these statements and after such personal verifications
as may be deemed necessary, the Assistant Commissioner shall see that
the articles to be melted are melted in his presence and those to be auc¬
tioned are sold to the best advantage of the Devaswom after obtaining
the necessary sanction. When articles are melted, the Assistant Com¬
missioner should arranue for a mahazar being prepared therefor and the
same accounted for immediately as bars of specified weight, touch, etc_
 313

Verification.
_ (21) All valuables in respect of which acknowledgments have been
obtained from the Devaswom subordinates should be checked with the
register by number by the chief officer of the Devaswom once every
quarter. He should ascertain whether any change of a suspicious
character has been brought about by the subordinates, whether the num¬
ber inscribed on the article is clear, whether the articles have become
unfit for further use, whether any of them can be repaired and brought
into further use, and whether they have been used by the subordinates
with that amount of care that is expected of them as judged by their
conditions. A certificate of such verification together with the remarks
on the above poinls should be recorded in the book maintained in the
Devaswom. A copy of this certificate should be submitted to the
Assistant Commissioner through the Superintendent before the 5th of
the succeeding month together with a list of the unserviceable articles
{Form No. 33) and an estimate for the repair of such of them as could
be repaired and further used. Whenever the stock number on an
article becomes illegible, the chief officer of the Devaswom should see
that the number is again cut on the same, the expense therefor being
met from the contingencies.
(22) The Assistant Commissioner should check all the Thiruva-
bharanams in the Devaswom once every year by number, any alterations
of a suspicious and unauthorised nature being noticed'in such verifica¬
tion. The Superintendents should similarly verify all other articles
once a year and Thiruvabharanams once in six months, and the Deva¬
swom Commissioner as often as practicable. A certificate of such
verification should be recorded in the register of valuables maintained in
the Devaswom.
(23) As soon as the valuables are checked by the chief officer of
the Devaswom or Superintendent or by the Assistant Commissionar,
the chief officer of the Devaswom should submit through the Superinten¬
dent one copy of the statement in respect of the missing articles* (Form
No. 29t to. the Assistant Commissioner and one copy to the Devas¬
wom Commissioner. But they should not be shown as deductions in
the remarks column of the register of valuables till the value of the same
is recovered from the responsible persons and sanction is received to
write off the same.
(24) All the valuables in Devaswoms should be examined under
the orders of the Devaswom Commissioner to ascertain their weight,
quality etc,, once in 1 5 years and should be revalued at the then current
market rate with the aid of a professional man. Fresh registers should
then be prepared and kept in the Devaswoms and the copies of the same
should be kept in the offices of the Assistant Commissioners and the
Devaswom Commissioner._
Appended to Uovaswora Manual Vol. I; I’art II.
 314

(25 ,• Along with the verification of the valuables as laid down

in para 23 the articles should he classified under the following heads and
statements should be submitted as per form noted against each with the
final report.
1. Those to be preserved permanently Form No. 34*
2. Those required for daily use >, 30*
3. Those required for occasional use „ 35
4. Those to be auctioned or transferred to other
Devaswoms or melted :> 33*
Besides the above statements, a statement showing weight etc..
(Form No. 36*) should also be submitted with the report.
(26') When the establishment in a Devaswom consists only of a
Chandirakaran or a Srikariam and an Accountant and where there are
no Sthanakars in charge of the valuables, the duties assigned under these
Rules to the chief officer of the Devaswom and the Treasurer (including
Sthanakars) devolve on the Chandrakaran, or Srikariam or Accountant,
as the case may be.
G. O. R. O. C. No. 1009/32;Dev., dated 11th January 1934.
Procedure for verification of Thiruvabharanato.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 1758/30 dated

14-10-’33, re: verification of Thiruvabharanam and Bharanipatroms of
Devaswoms, I have the honor to inform you that Government consider
that the work of verification done so far is incomplete and very unsatis-
fartory. In the circumstances reported by you Government sanction the
following proposals made by you for the speedy verification of the
Thipuvabharanams belonging to the Devaswoms :—
1. The Special Officer for the verification of Thiruvabharanams
should work under the orders of the Assistant Commissioner of the
District in which he is working.
2. The Special Officer himself should, along with his work of
verification, complete the- work of fixing the liabilities for the articles
missing etc., and for this purpose he is empowed to conduct enquiries
for fixing the liabilities and to take statements therefor from the sub¬
ordinates concerned.
3. The Special Officer is empowered to attend to the melting of
useless gold and silver articles into bars of uniform touch and the dis¬
posal of the useless materials in public auction under the guidance of
the Assistant Commissioner.
to pL-vadw'om Mam
 Government also approve the memo of instructions forwarded by
you for the guidance of the Special .Officer.
I send herewith extract from the Account Officer’s note No. 69
dated 7-12-33 and request that you will be so good as to favour Gov¬
ernment with your remarks and suggestions on his proposal.
(Enclosure.)
Memo of instructions for the guidance of the Special Officer and
Assistant Commissioners in connection with the verification of the
valuables in the Devaswoms as approved by Government in G. O. R.
O. C. No. 1009i32!Dev., dated 11th January 1934.

1. The Special Officer should, as soon as he begins to verify tbe

valuables of a Devaswom, call for lists (receipts) of taking and handing
over charge of the valuables by the Officers who were in charge of
them till then, direct from those Officers in order that the liability may
be fixed as soon as each article is verified. The Superintendents and
other subordinates should comply with such requisitions of the Special
Officer for such lists, records etc., promptly.
2. The Special Officer should begin the identification of the articles
first and give numbers to them by chalk or by pasting labels. He
should make himself sure that the identification has been correctly done.
In view to get this work done satisfactorily, he should, before the work
of identification is taken up, get an adam of the articles coming under
each class prepared. Example : Suppose there are twenty
or fifty ccfl»*-S*oo as per the register. An Adavu for those •^v.^.wooo
or ariai*5®*Oo showing the numbers in the register, the marks of
identification, if any given in the register such as etc,, and
the weight of the articles should be got ready.
3. A list of articles received as Nadavaravu from the date of the
old register should be prepared from the Register in Form No. II and
the same compared with the Tbiruvabharanams or Bharanipatrom
Register concerned in order to see whether all the articles have been
included in the register. The omitted items, if any, should be brought
into the register immediately.
4. The sorting of the articles viz., as useless ones (including also
Nadavarau articles not included in the register), those to be repaired
etc., should be attended to along with the identification of the articles.
Note. Articles which may not be of use to that Devaswom but
which could be transferred to other Devaswoms should be
dealt with as useful ones and the fact noted in the margin of
the statement. The Assistant Commissioner should take
action to transfer them to the Devaswoms who are in need
of them.
 516

5 Wh r- (■’(' «-r*in2 i* over, a mahazar showing the old and

pre,.,nf ■vf.i'j’n of th* unserviceable articles and describing the nature of
jos= 0f ->1- p>ri thereof *ueh as stones etc., should be prepared. Lia-
biiitie- with regard to *'oarticles should be ascertained immediately
with reference to the receipts referred to para 1, supplemented if neces-
sarv, by obtaining statements lro:n ine persons concerned. ^ I he ^uPer"
intendents should on receipt of “he requisition from the Special Officer
send the subordinates concerned on the da:es fixed by the Special
Officer for the enquiry. A report on the result of the enquiry should
be sent to the Devaswom Commissioner through the Assistant Com¬
missioner wih conv of the mahazar for final orders regarding the
liability of those articles. Sanction for the disposal of those articles
should also be sought for and obtained.

6. The details of liabilities so ordered will he intimated to the

Assistant Commissioner who should take the necessary steps for their
recovery immediately.

7. The Special Officer should then prepare estimates in consultation

with the Assistant Commissioner for the repairs to be done to the
existing useful Thirbvabharatiams and making of new Thiruvabharanams
necessary for the Devaswom and send up the same to the Devaswom
Commmissioner (through the Assistant Commissioner) for sanction.
When sanction is received the Assistant Commissioners themselves
should arrange for the repairing of the damaged articles and the making
of new ones,

8. When sanction is received, the unserviceable gold and silver

articles should be melted and converted into bars of uniform touch and
the other unserviceable articles should be disposed of in public auction
by the Special Officer after due publication and the fact intimated to
the Assistant Commissioner who will take steps for the confirmation of

9. The Special Officer should commence the detailed verification

of the useful articles as soon as the report of the uvserviceable articles
is sent by him. With regard to the articles proposed to be disposed of
or melted the number and name of the articles need alone be written
in the register. When they are disposed of, the fact should be stated
against them quoting the sanction of the Devaswom Commissioner for
their disposal.

10. The Assistant Commissioner should, as soon as the liabilities are

recovered and the articles have been disposed of as stated supra, apply
fpr sanction to write off those articles from the registers concerned.
 317

11. If the sanction for writing off is received before the Special
Officer's work in that Devaswom is over the Assistant Commissioner
should intimate the sanction to the Special Officer for incorporation
m the register. Otherwise the Assistant Commissioner should arrange
for their being duly noted.
12. The gold and silver bars obtained by melting the useless
articles (including useless Nadavaravu articles) should be included in
the new register, giving n»*v numbers for them.
13. When the register is thus completed, liabilities with regard to
the useful articles should be ascertained in the same way and the usual
final report should be sent to the Devaswom Commissioner (through the
Assistant commissioner) together with the statements in respect of those
articles alone.
14. The liabilities ordered in regard to the useful articles should
be recovered from the subordinates in the same way and the fact
reported to the Devaswom Commissioner.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 544!35/Dev.. dated 3-7-35.

Devaswoms whose valuables to be verified by the First Grade
Thiruvabharanam Special Officer.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 4945/26IT. M., dated

30th April 4935, I have the honor to inform you that in the circum¬
stances stated. Government sanction the valuables of the 26 Devaswoms
included in the list forwarded by you where the book-value of the
Thiruvabharanams exceed Rs. 11'1,000 being verified by the 1st grade
Thiruvabharanam Special Officer.

[Enclosure / .]
Copy of letter R. O. C. No. 4945/26/T. ML, dated 30-4-35 to the
Chief Secretary to Government from the Devaswom Commis-

I have the honour to state that Government have in their letter

R- O. C. No. 1009/32/Dev., dated 21 st May 1934 ordered that the
Is! Grade Thiruvabharanam Special Officer is to continue the
verification work in the-1st class Major Devaswoms. The existing
classification of Devaswoms is based upon their annual Pathivu expen¬
diture, those having a Pathivu of over Rs. 10,000 being classed aS
first. But this does not appear to be a reasonable classification so far
as the verification of the valuables in Devaswoms is concerned. It
 318

would be convenient if the 1st grade Special Officer’s work of veri¬

fication goes by the aggregate value of the Thiruvabharanams in the
Dsvaswom rather than by the Pathivu expenditure. The valuables of
the Ramaswamicoil. Thirunakara and Thiruvarpu Devaswoms were
verified bv the 1 st grade Special Officer although these are not of the
first class because of the cost of the valuables in them,
I therefore request that Government may be pleased to accord
sanction (or the valuables in those Devaswoms, the book value of the
Thiruvabharanams of which is over Rs. 10,000 being verified by the
1st grade Special Officer. A list of such Devaswoms is enclosed with
information as to the Devaswoms in which the Thiruvabharanams have
been already verified.

Enclosure 2-
Name of Devaswoms . Thiruvabharanams verified or not.
1 Buthappandi Verified.
2. Thiruppathisaram
3. Suchindram Verified.
4. Cape Do.
5. Vadiveeswaram
6. Krishnancoil
. 7. Nilakantaswamicoil
8. Th'ruvattar Verified.
9. Ramaswamicoil Do.
10. Valva chagosh*am
11. Th;rumala
12. Parassala
13. Srikanteswaram
14. Varkala
15. Thiruvarattukavu
16. Ettumanur Verified by the special Tahsildar,
17. Thiruvarpu Verified.
18. V'aikom Do.
19. Mankombu
20. Thiruvalla Verified,
21. Chengannur Do.
22. Kaviyur Do.
23. Aranmula Do.
24. Ambalapurha Do.
25. Haripad Do.
26. Velimala
 319

Supplemental instructions for the guidance of the Thiruvabharanam

Special Officers in connexion with the verification of valuables in the
Devaswoms,

f. The First Grade Thiruvabharanam Special Officer should verify

the valuables in those Devaswoms and state charity institutions attached
to them, the book value of the Thiruvabharanams in which is over
Rs. 10,000 and the Additional Thiruvabharanam Special Officers the
valuables in all other Devaswoms and State Charity institutions in the
Districts where they are posted.
II. The Special Officers should, as soon as they begin to verify the
valuables of a Devaswom, call for lists (receipts of taking and handing
over charge of the valuables by the officers, in order that the liability
may be fixed as soon as the verification is over. They should also
obtain the register of valuables kept in the Assistant Commissioner’s
Office for reference. The Superintendents and other subordinates
should comply with such requisitions of the Special Officers for such
fists, records etc. promptly.
III. Before the Special Officers commence their verification in any
Devaswom, the local Superintendents should arrange for the register of
valuables kept in the Devaswom being handed over to the Special
Officers with all the additions and deductions duly noted and attested.
The Assistant Commissioners should also instruct their offices to trace
out the files re : the supply of articles for those Devaswoms, the valuables
of which have been taken charge of by the S pecial Officers for veri¬
fication, which have not been closed on account of the non-receipt of
the plus and minus statements. Those files should be sent to the
Special Officers who, at the time of verification should check with the
old register whether all the newly supplied items have been included in
the register. After the verification is over those files should be returned
to the Assistant Commissioner after noting down therein the fact of
haying entered the articles in the register.
IV. The Special Officers should then begin the identification of the
articles first and give numbers to them by chalk or by pasting labels.
They should make themselves sure that the iden'ifications have been
correctly done. In view to get the work done satisfactorily, they should
before the work of identification is taken up, get an Adavoo of the
articles coming under each class prepared. Example :—Suppose there
are twenty o-iei<es«aOD or fifty ® ojAoaaCa as per the register. An
Adavoo for those »-.m«seooij or m'iju*oa*oo showing the numbers in the
register, the marks of identification, if any given in the register such as
etc. and the weight of the articles should be got ready.
 320

V. A list of articles received as Nadavaravu from the date of the

old regis’er should be prepared from the registers in Devaswom Fund
Form No. fl and the same compared with the register of valuables
concerned in order to see whether all the articles have been included
in .the register. The omitted items if any should be brought into the old
*' negfster immediately by the Special Officers. In those Devaswoms where
a register in Form No. II happens to be not regularly maintained or not
brought up to date, the Nadavaravu register and other cognate records
of the Devaswom should be obtained and arranged to be brought up to
date and duly attested. The Special Officers should record a certificate
in those Nadavaravu registers to the effect that they have scrutinised and
verified them and included ail the omitted items in the register of
valuables.
VI. When the identification is over, the Special Officers should
commence the detailed verification and write a mahazar embodying the
following particulars This mahazar should be duly attested by the
responsible Devaswom subordinate and specially by the subordinate in
charge of the valuables.
1 2^ 3 4

iV. B. For Bharanipatroms, Pattuparivatfams and other articles,

column No. 5 should be left alone and for the last two items instead of
weights the dimensions should be stated wherever possible.
All the items as per the register whether serviceable or unservice¬
able or missing should be entered in the mahazar. In regard to the
missing articles, the firs! 6 columns should be filled up in the mahazar
and across the columns 7, 8, and 9 the fact “ ©JgjsOoaosna i igj *' should
be written, fn column 10, the Special Officers should state whether
the value of the missing articles has tto be recovered or not.
If those articles have been written off the accounts as per proper
sanction, that fact should be clearly stated in column 10 quoting the
order No. and date, fn cases where certain items have been already
written off the accounts either without attestation by proper authorities
or bearing no sanction such as vi1» aioof",
*o.>T etc the Special Officers should state the reasons if
 321

any, or their opinion as to whether such deductions should be allowed

or in the absence of sufficient records in support of the entries i'ri'the
Devaswom registers, the value therefor should be recovered, in., this* ' v
connection the Special Officers should also verify whether there
similar entries in the Assistant Commissioner’s Office register as noted
in the Devaswom registers- In respect of the unserviceable articles the
details in column 9 of the mahazar need describe only the present con¬
dition of the articles, and in respect of the serviceable articles full
details should be given to enable future indentification. The articles
found unserviceable and which have to be disposed of in auction or by
melting should be identified in the mahazar by writing in the remarks
column • £•*><■»: a,gli.««re 0r etc. The
articles which may not be of use to that Devaswom but which could be
transferred to other Devaswoms should be dealt with as useful ones and
the fact •“ ,i»'o ” should be noted in the remarks
column of the mahazar. The Assistant Commissioners should take
action to transfer them to Devaswoms which are in need of them.
In certain Devaswoms all the fixtures such as the flag staff
ojlfitoa, v.;i‘4»s5 etc. may not have been included in the
register of valuables. In such cases, the Special Officers should verify
those items and include them in the Mahazar giving new numbers.
Along with the detailed verification, the inscription of numbers on
the articles when found necessary should be got done by the Special
Office goldsmith and in column 9 of the mahazar the entries.■ •
.o.onmii aflimo corn* srasl.ap§«*’’ . should be noted. The other
numbers inscribed on any article transferred from any other Devaswom
should be struck off and the correct item No. (as per the new register)
should be inscribed. When the verification work for a day is finished
the mahazar should be closed with the signatures of the Thadasthars
and other subordinates present at the time of verification. The mahazar
should be prepared in a bound book.
VII. The Special Officers should prepare estimates for the repairs
to be done to the existing usual articles and making new ones and send
them to the Assistant Commissioner who will take the necessary steps
in the matter.
VIII. After the prepaiation of the mahazar, as stated above, two
statements (1) for auction and (2) for melting should be prepared in the
form noted below
 322

t 1 7 i 5
2 1 do. S _3_o_
*©-* l.-.-.Oo 7 10
..
These statements in duplicate should be submitted to the Deva-
swom Commissioner through the Assistant Commissioner together with
a copy of the mahazar referred to in para 6. The liabilities in respect
of the unserviceable articles :deficiency in weight should be ascertained
immediately with reference to the receipts referred to in para I and
supplemented if necessary by obtaining statements from the persons con¬
cerned. The Superintendents should, on receipt of requisitions from the
Special Officers, send the subordinates concerned o ■ the dates fixed by
the Special Officers for enquiry. A report on the result of the enquiry
should be sent to the Devaswom Commissioner together with a fist of
liabilities person-warj as per form subjoined. The liability statements
in respect of the unserviceable articles alone proposed for auction and
melting, the lists for auction and melting, and copy of the mahazar should
be sent simultaneously. Sanction for the disposal of those articles and
for the recovery of the liabilities will be issued to the Special Officers
through the Assistant Commissioner. The Assistant Commissioners
should take the necessary steps to recover the liabilities and the Special
Officers for melting and auctioning the concerned articles. No articles
should be disposed of in auction or melted without obtaining Devaswom
Commissioner’s final orders regarding liabilities in respect of those
articles.

...sacumjo a.*....SiKjyStAgW saocysgamtairito

fgr,o <9soaj .£sJe©iai<s3$>cG«aJrt

Note. The amount to be recovered has to be fixed at the current

market rate or the book value whichever is higher.
When the statements are obtained from the parties concerned a
separate column should be set apart on the right hand side, and in that
column the further opinion of the officer as to whether the explanation
has to be accepted or not, should also be recorded, and the Assistant
Commissioner should offer his own opinion thereon All the lists sent
to the Devaswom Commissioner's Office should be countersigned by the
Assistant Commissioners.
 323

IX. Soon after the statements and copy of mahazar are sent to the
Devaswom Commissianer. the Special Officers should begin to write a
copy of the new register in Devaswom Form No. 4. With regard to
the missing articles and those proposed to be disposed of in auction or
to be melted, or recast, the number and name of the articles need alone
be written in the new register. When they are disposed of, the fact
should be noted in red ink against them, quoting the Devaswom Com¬
missioner’s sanction for disposal. Two more copies of the new register
should be got prepared by the Devaswom subordinates concerned.
Along with the preparation of the new registers, the liabilities of
the missing articles as well as for alteration in weights of serviceable
articles should be settled in the same manner as stated in para VIII,
and a liability list prepared as per the form prescribed therein and sub¬
mitted for final orders with the necessary records of enquiry. All the
missing items should be shown separately. Those articles whose
deficiency has to be condoned on account of wear and tear, should be
specifically stated in the forwarding report. When making such re¬
commendations the Special Officers should be fully convinced that there
was no wilful negleet on the part of the subordinate concerned. In all
other cases recoveries should be effected.
X. When the Devaswom Commissioner’s sanction for the disposal
of unserviceable gold and silver articles is received they should be melted
and converted into bars of uniform touch, and the other unserviceable
articles should be disposed of in public auction by the Special Officers
after due publication. The Special Officers are empowered to confirm
the auction sale of all the articles the book value of each is below Rs. 50
in respect of other items the book value of which is .above Rs. 50 the
auction sale should be confirmed by the Assistant Commissioners.
Before melting, ail theiitems up to 7 carate fine should be sorted in
one batch, and items above that should be sorted in another batch.
The gold and silver bars obtained by melting should be included in the
new register giving new numbers. The mahazar prepared for the
melting process should be written in continuation of the previous mahazar
referred to in Para VI, and a copy of that portion of the mahazar
should be sent to the Devaswom Commissioner tor approval.
XI. In the new registers prepared, the fact of having melted the
articles and disposed them of in auction should be noted in red ink
against the name off each item, quoting the No. and date of the Deva¬
swom Commissioner’s sanction,
XII. Final orders regarding the liabilities to be recovered for the
serviceable articles will be intimated to the Special Officers through the
Assistant Commissioner, who should take prompt steps to recover the
liabilities. The Special Officers should note in fhe new registers
against the missing items ssusooi* ssaj.-ro.io ABa’I^sromoon’WirtaD'mp
... ...cocomjiti
 324

XIII. The new registers should consist of 4 parts in separate book

each devoted to
(!) Thiruvabharanams
(2) Bharanipatroms.
'3; Pattuparivattams.
'4/ Other articles.
In respect of the Devaswoms where the number of valuables under
each head is very small, only one register need be used for all the items,
separate pages being set apart for each item. All articles (jewels,
vessels, etc., made of gold or silver, whether set with precious stones
or no', and all gilt articles should be entered under the head
Thiruvabharanams. AH articles made of copper, brass, bronze, tin and
iron and jars should come under Bharanipatroms All articles made of
cloth, Alavattams. Chamarms, silk umbrellas etc., should go under
Pattuparivattams. All articles other than those specified above such as
articles made of wood or granite, articles of furniture including
time-pieces and clocks, pictures, books, conch (■j».-.ar') etc., should
be classified under the other articles. In the case of articles
which consist of detachable parts of metal, wood or other material, such
as t?V_;3isjs: and its wooden handle, conch and its silver or gold
covering etc., the separate parts should be taken to the respective re¬
gisters. Valuable articles such as etc., made of Panchaloham
should be entered in the Thiruvabharanam Resister. Garden pots
made of clay (not jarsj should find a place in the miscellaneous re¬
gister when the new register for Bharanipatroms is prepared, all the
items coming under other articles should be transfered to the ~do~?oi
The No, and name of the article so transferred should be
shown in the Bharanipa'rom Register and against the name, the entry
.C> an oie.altool.c. should be noted.
All the articles under Bharanipatroms to be recasted should be
entered in one number in the register, the total weight alone for
and * § etc., being shown separately. In the new register
the No. and name of such articles proposed for recasting, the wording
“.=5 tomi*-=A gs-gj »jh® should be noted. The
new registers sent up by the Special Officers should be complete in
every respect with all the additions and deductions duly noted on account
of the following.—
(1) Disposal by auction.
(2j Disposal by melting.
(3) Items transferred to other registers.
(4) Items included for recasting.
(5) Items for which sanction has been received for the
recovery of the liabilities.
(6) All items written off the accounts prior to and after the
verification.
 325

X!V. The rates to be adopted for revaluation should be prepared

on the basis of the prevailing local nirak rates at the beginnig of every
year and approved by the Assistant Commissioners of the respective
Districts. The rates so fixed should be adopted for the whole of that
year.
XV. In regard to the preparation of nil registers, the Special
Officers should besides obtainmg statements from the Devasvfom subor¬
dinates, go over to the Devaswom and examine whether there are any
article of value to be included in the register.
XVI. A table showing the rates adopted for revaluation should
be appended at the end of the new registers. Particulars regarding the
total No. of articles in hand and the custodians of the articles should
also be given as a foot note at the end of the new register. The sig¬
natures of the custodians should also be obtained in the new rigisters.
XVII. Completing thus the writing up of the new registers, the
Special Officers should submit 2 copies of the registers to the Assistant
Commissioner and one copy should be handed over to the Devaswom
subordinate concerned. The old registers of the Assistant Com¬
missioner’s Office and the Devaswom snhuld be sent to the Assistant
Commissioner who should keep them among his records. The
Assistant Commissioner should submit one copy of the new register to
the Devaswom Commissioner, duly countersigaed in all the 4 parts.
XVIII. The Assistant Commissioners should take prompt steps
to recover all the liabilities due from the subordinates concerned and the
fact of recovery arranged to be noted in the remarks column against each
item in the registers kept in his office and the Devaswoms and the fact
reported to the Devaswom Commissioner together with a statement
in the subjoined form for incorporation in the register kept in the
Devaswom Commissioner’s Office. The recovery of liabilities under
this head should be closely watched by the Assistant Commissioners
who shall review it every quarter submitting the review to the Deva¬
swom Commissioner's Office.
fima-j s'comii Cajns Sg'D5c.«r\cQ;-L,'1a1

rofl a-tail «aj»,

XIX. All the Special Officers should maintain a diary showing

the daily outturn ot work in a bound book. They should send monthly
progress reports to the Assistant Commissioner and Devaswom Com¬
missioner as per the form herewith appended. The Assistant Com¬
missioners should send quarterly reviews of the work done by the
Special Officers to the Devaswom Commissioner,
 327

CHAPTER XIII.
deVaswom lands.
G. O. No. l 2229fL. R. dated 22-12-1914.
Taking of agreements in kuthagapattom leases.

Witt reference to your letter No. 4306 dated the 10th November
'1914, re : execution of agreements by lessees of kuthagapattom lands, I
have the honor to point, out that there is nothing in the new Rules which
is inconsistant with your .proposal. Where therefore the same person
takes up more than one lease in one Pakuthy it is open to you to include
all the leases in his name in one document provided that all the conditions
of the lease are brought in.

G. O. No. 3706/L. R. 27th July 1918. re: Kuthagapattom.

The Kuthagapattom Rules dated the 3rd July 1914 and the
amendments thereto dated the 12th November 1917, do not, as they
now stand, apply to Departments other than the Land Revenue Depart¬
ment. As the other Departments have also been empowered to lease
ouPthe usufruct of the trees standing on the Government lands under
their control, the Government consider that these Departments should,
as far as practicable, follow the principles laid down in the Kuthaga¬
pattom Rules and the amendments thereto in dealing with those trees.
The Government accordingly resolve to issue the following instructions
on the subject in modification of those contained in G. Os. Nos. 4550/p.
and M. R. and 3722IL. R. dated the 2nd November 1915 and 26th
May 1916, respectively, for the guidance of Departments other than
the Land Revenue Department:—
(1) All Kuthagapattom leases should be given only for definite
periods except incases provided for in ’paragraph (7)
infra.
(2) The leasee should be granted by public auction after due
advertisement so as to secure the maximum amount of
revenue to Government.
(3) The practice of collecting the produce of the trees depart-
mentally should be resorted to only in the event of no
person coming forward to take up a Kuthagapattom lease
on reasonable terms.
{4) Any Gazetted Officer who may be authorised in this behalf
by the Head of the Department concerned may grant
leases for a period not exceeding 3 years.
 328

(5) The Head of the Department may grant leases without limit
of time of trees on Government lands under his control (a)
* (7) The existing trees on porambok.e lands such as public
roads, canals, irrigation tanks, field bunds etc., should also be leased on
kuthagapattom without limit of time to the tyots, provided that there is
clear and indubitable evidence that they have been planted and nurtured
by them and that such lease is not prejudicial to the public interests.
The lease should be subject to the following conditions, namely, that the
lessees should cut and remove the trees when called upon to do so by
Government and should plant no fresh trees or otherwise interfere with
the poramboke lands on which the trees stood. In the case of all taxable
trees, the rates in the schedule appended to this order should be adopted
in fixing the rent. These rates are liable to revision at the end of ten
years. In the case of non-taxable trees, the rent should be fixed at a
fair and reasonable rate, leaf manure trees being however exempt from
any rent.
Schedule of Taxable frees.
-1
•No. j Kind of trees. Rate for one bearing tree.

Rs. 1 ch.

1 Cocoanut ..j o
2 Arecanut 0 2
3 Jack 0 7
4 Palmyra 0 2
5 Tamarind 1 0
6 Punna 0
7 i Mango 0

G. O. R. Dis. No. 52 of 23/G. B., dated 31 st January 1923-

Powers of Devaswom Officers for granting Kuthagapattom leases.

As regards ihe lands belonging io the un-incorporated Devaswoms

which are under the control o( your Department, Government sanction
Assistant Commissioners ot Devaswoms being empowered to sanction
Kuthagapattom leases for periods not exceeding 12 years, and the Com¬
missioner of Devaswoms without any limit of time.
!t-,i by G o )
»U by G. 0.: brr 1920.
 329

G. O. R. Dis. No. 177 of 23/G. B. dated the 19th March 1923

Properties of Extinct Devaswoms.

With reference to your letter No. 696 of 22 P. D., dated the 6th
February 1923, 1 have the honor to inform you that, in the circum¬
stances brought to notice, Government sanction the properties of the
Kalavoor Devaswom in the Ihodupuzha Taluk, being added on to the
Devaswom Fund.

No. 45. Addl. Head Sirkar Vakil's Office,

Trivandrum, 26th January, 1923.
1V The Devaswom Commissioner,
Travancore.
Sir,
With reference to your D. O. R. 0. C. No. 696 of 22 P. D.,
dated 17th November 1922, re: the disposal of properties belonging to
Personal Deposit Devaswoms which have fallen into ruins, I have the
honour to record the accompanying opinion.
I have etc.,
V. SuBBA IrEB,
AM. Head Sirkar Vakil.
Opinion re: the disposal of properties belonging to Personal
Deposit Devaswoms which have fallen into ruins.
1. It appears that there is an unincorporated Devaswom, known as
Kalavur Devaswom in the Thodupuzha Taluk, and that there are pro¬
perties belonging to this Devaswom. The temple building is in ruins,
and there is no Pooja being done. The Commissioner also says that it
is impracticable to renovate the temple, or to resume Pooja, as owing to
the absence of caste people in the vicinity, and the inaccesSabiiity of
it, the service cannot be maintained. It appears that the Devaswom
property too would be wholly insufficient to resuscitate it. The opinion
asked for is how properties belonging to Devaswoms so situated might
be treated.
2. It is well established that a temple and the properties attached to
the temple belong to, and vest in the idol in the temple, which in law,
is treated as a juridical entity. The affairs of a temple are ordinarily
managed by one or more persons ; the latter never become owners. It
has also been held, that, when an idol is destroyed, the ownership of
the properties does not cease, but it continues in the new idol if and
when it may be installed. There is no case, however, where it has
been considered as to what happens to such, properties which altogether -
ceased to be owned.
 330

3. It is not stated, and it is not possible, perhaps, to find, if any

person or persons were managing the temple affairs and properties when
the idol was in existence. It must be presumed that the Government
were managing. In any event, now that there is no one forthcoming to
claim the properties on behalf of the idol, the Government, in their
Koima capacity, must have, and I think, do have the right to dispose
of the properties. I do not say that properties escheat to the Sirkar :
escheat is not the appropriate term in cases such as these. Bub the
control of the Government over these properties has become absolute.
4. The temple in question is not one mentioned in the schedule to
the Devaswom Proclamation, and is therefore not governed by its pro¬
visions. Itisooen o he Government !o do what they like with the
properties, regarding them as merely ownerless. But the more appro¬
priate course would be to dispose of the properties, and add the realised
value to the Devaswom Fund. Such a course would really result, in
effect, in the application of trust property too, not the same objects of the
trust, but to similar objects of the trust,
5. It is a matter well known that in the case of a Brahmin dying
heiriess though the Sovereign get his properties as the last heir such
properties are ordinarily given to a Brahmin again. This is based
upon the Hindu Law ‘.ext that u if there be no heir of a Brahmin’s
wealth it must be given to a Brahmana.” Proceeds of the sale of
Devaswom property in question may similarly be utilised for Deva¬
swom purposes.
V. Subba h-EH,
AM. Head Sirkar Vakil.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 461;23|G. B, dated 3rd June 1923.

Enfranchisement of Service Inam lands for Devaswom Sub¬
ordinates.

The effect of the Proclamation is to make what was Devaswom -

vaga property as Par.daravaga property. Thus then all Devaewom-
vaga Service Inam lands have to be regarded as Pandaravaga Service
Inam lands burdened with a certain service to the Devaswom. If it
is clearly established that any particular land was on the date of the
Proclamation. Devaswom Vaga land, and such land is burdened with
a service to be performed, the Devaswom is entitled to get the service
done or the value of such service when the land is enfranchised. The
land having become Pandaravaga, i: is the Government that is entitled
to the extra assessment or Vilayartham. The Proclamation does not
affect the service attached to the land. The Devaswom is therefore
entitled to get the benefit of the service or the value thereof at the time
of enfranchisement.
 331

G. O. Dis. No. 1343 of 1923!Revenue dated the 22nd October 1923.

Sale in execution proceedings of buildings etc., in Kudumbaporuthy
lands.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 206 of 1922jLand

Revenue, dated the 16th June 1923 re: sale in execution proceedings
of the buildings and plantations on the Kudumbaporuthi lands granted
to the members of the Areekara Veedu for services to be performed in
the Mathilagom, I have the honor to forward herewith copy of letter
No. 392 dated 30th August 1923 and its enclosure received from the
Additional Head Sirkar Vakil suggesting the procedure to be adopted
in the case. Government agree with Mr. Subbier in his views. I
request that you will be so good as to arrange for the procedure pres¬
cribed therein being followed in this case and generally for the resump¬
tion of Service Inam lands, the buildings and improvements on, which
are sold in execution proceedings by Civil courts.
(Enclosure.)
No. 392,
Additional Head Sirkar Vakil’s Office,
Trivandrum, 30th August 1923.
To
The Chief Secretary to Government,
Trivandrum.

With reference to the correspondence ending with your letter

R. O. C. No. 2630 of 21, dated 20th August 1923, re: sale in execution
proceedings of the buildings and plantations on the Kudumbaporuthi lands
granted to the members of the Areekara Veedu for certain specific
services in the Maihilagom I have the honour to record the accompany¬
ing opinion.
The file of papers received with your letter R. O. C. No. 2630 of
21, dated 30th June 1923 on the subject is herewith returned.
1 have etc.,
V. Subba. Iyeb,
Additional Head S irkflr Vakil.
Opinion re : in execution proceedings of the buildings and plant¬
ations on the Kudumbaporuthi lands granted to the members of the
Areekara Veedu for certain specific services in the Mathilagom,
1. Certain lands were granted to the members of the Areekara
Veedu on Kudumbaporuthi tenure. The karanavan of the tarwad
hypothecated the property and the hydothecatee filed a suit in O. S. 13
of 84 for his money and brought the buildings and other improvement#
 332
on the land for sale in auction. The court allowed the sale. ''One
Janaki and other members of the tarwad have petitioned His Highness
the Maharaja. The questions referred for opinion are whether such
sales by court of improvements will offend against the provisions of the
Service Inam Proclamation of 1068 and if so. whether it is necessary
to amend the Proclamation.
2. When the decree-holder applied for sale of improvements by
court auction, some of tbe members objected and on the strength of the
ruling in 33 T. L. R. 240, the District Court decided that sanction of
Government was not necessary to sell improvements on land in court
auction. The proper course open for the party aggrieved was to appeal
to the High Court against such decisions. Sirbar is not a party to the
suit and cannot therefore interfere in the matter. Unless there is a
ruliug of the High Court against the fnamdar, it is not necessary nor
expeeient to amend the Proclamation.
3. To my mind, the analogy on which the District Court acted is
fallacious. While the Service Inam Proclamation of 1068 prohibits ail
alienations of service inam lands and tbe cognisance of Civil Courts in
the matter, there was no such Proclamation with reference to Kandu-
krishi lands. Apart from this, the question that was decided in 33 T.
L. R. 240 was whether under Section 7 A the sanction of Government
was necessary to sell the improvements in execution of a decree and the
court held that Section 7 A did not apply to execution proceedings.
The scope of the Service Inam Proclamation was not considered nor
was it considered necessary to do so in that case. For, it is distinctly
observed in that judgment that “ it is unnecessary to consider whether
as between the Crown on the one hand and the Kandukrishi tenant who
is a tenant-at-will, on the other, the former if it chooses to evict the
latter from the land, is bound to pay him the value of the improvements
effected on the land before doing so ”. Thus then 33 T. L. R. is no
authority for the position taken by the Judge. The defendants or the
members of the tarwad should have brought to the notice of the District
Court the provisions of the Proclamation and should have taken up the
matter on appeal before petitioning His Highness the Maharaja. As it
is. I am not in a position to say what the High Court would have said
if the point were argued. The Proclamation says all alienations of inam
land are void. Alienations may be voluntary, or involuntary as in the
case of court safes. It is therefore clear, alienations of such lands
through court will be void. Tbe question then is whether the expression
‘ land ’ will include ‘ buildings and other improvements The ex¬
pression 1 land ’ as ordinarily understood will include any interest on
land, benefits arising out of the land and also fixtures. Over and above
the ordinary meaning, i have only to refer to the definition of ‘ land ’ in
the Land Acquisition Act. Alienation of service inam lands is opposed
 333

to public policy, as the service to religious institutions will suffer and it

is on this ground that such alienations are prohibited. (1922 M. W. N.
P. 307). 11 tbe improvemon's are allowed to be sold, it will : lead ;to
anamolous results. Because, old trees must have died out and new
trees should have been planted and similarly in the case of buildings.
If the new buildings or the new trees are to be regarded as ‘ improve¬
ments ’ and allowed to be alienated, the object with which lands are
granted for service will be frustrated. It is therefore clear that alienation
of such improvements should be prohibited. I would have certainly
recommended the amendment of the Proclamation, if there is a decision
of the High Court upholding the view of the District Judge. Even if
the Proclamation were amended, it may not give any relief to the party
aggrieved unless the Proclamation is made to have retrospective effect.
The question therefore naturally arises whether any relief could be
given to the aggrieved party by Government. In as much as there is an
alienation of some interest on the property, it is open to tbe party to
decline to perform service until such ali-nation is declared void. If so,
it is open to the Government to resume the lands and evict the auction
purchaser under the Land Conservancy Regulation, if he manages to
secure possession in the meanwhile.
4. The auction purchaser will, if he is so advised, have to go to
court to get the value of the improvements. Such a suit will not be
maintainable under Section 7 A of the Civil Procedure Code. In the
judgment of the High Court, which is in the file in A. S. 306 of 91
and connected appeals, the High Court observe as follows:— “The
learned Vakil for the plaintiff appellant has contended that though some
of the reliefs claimed in the plaint might be barred by the Section
(Section 7 A) there are others such for instance as the personal claim
for compensation ( lor the improvements) against the defendents includ¬
ing the Sirkar and also the claim for the Oui money against defendants
2 to 9 which having no relation whatever to the land or to any benefit
arising therefrom, would be awardable, notwithstanding the prohibition
contained in the Section”. After quoting Section 7 A the judges
observe as follows:—“ From the nature of the reliefs claimed by the
plaintiff, it is apparent that the suit is one directed primarily against the
land which, as has already been found, is Service Inam. Even the
secondary and alternative reliefs have relation to the land. The only
point for our decision, therefore, is whether such a suit as this can be
taken to be a suit relating to Service Inarn land or to any benefit arising
out of such lands within tbe meaning of the above Section ; or whether
it should be held to fall outside the Section, merely because there are
also further reliefs claimed in tbe shape of personal decree against tbe
defendants- In our opinion, there can be only one answer to the above
 334

question and that is that the present suit is completely within the statut.
ory prohibition enacted in Section 7 A, Civil Procedure Code.
5. My conclusions are—
(1) that the aggrieved party should have appealed to the High
Court on the order of the District Judge ;
(2) that as the buildings and other improvements have now been
sold, the Government may, on the application of the Inamholder, resume
the land including the buildings and all other improvements ;
(3) that if the auction purchaser got delivery of possession under
the sale", to object him under the Land Conservancy Regulation ;
(4) that after the above procedure is followed to re-attach the

(5 that if such a procedure were adopted in a few instances the

decree-holders will realise the utter futility of selling buildings and other
improvements on service inam lands ;
(6) that if the auction purchaser files a suit for the purpose, he may
be non- suited by the courts; and
(7) until there is a final decision by the High Court that improve¬
ments on service inam lands are alienable, no amendment of the Procla¬
mation of 1068 is necessary.
V. Subba Iyer.
Additional Head S irhflt Vakil.

G- O. Dis, No. 33 of 1924’Revenue, dated the 16th January 1924.

Registration of leases'cf trees on Government lands.

With reference to your letter No. 2123, A, dated the 25th

October 1923, enquiring whether leases of produce of trees on Govern¬
ment lands for over one year require compulsory registration under
Section 10 (1) (c) of the Registration Regulation I have the honor to
inform you that the Additional Head Sirkar Vakil, to whom the point
was referred for opinion, has expressed the view that the leases in
question are of ‘immovable property’ and that, as such, they require
registration. Copy of his letter No. 555, dated the 26th November
1923 is enclosed. Government accept the opinion recorded by the
Additional Head Sirkar Vakil.
[Enclosure.]
(I)_ Copy of letter No. 555, dated 26th November 1923, from
the Additional Head Sirkar Vakil, Trivandrum.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 1707123|Rev., dated

31 October 1923, re: registration of leases of trees on Government
lands, I have the honour to record the following:—
 335

Opinion.
The position taken up by the Chief Engineer is not tenable. No
doubt the definition of‘immovable property’ excludes standing timber,
growing crops or grass. But the exception will not apply to cases
under consideration. If trees are sold which are intended to be cut and
removed they must be regarded as standing timber aid therefore
movable property. The object of exempting them in such cases is that
the transaction contemplates that the timber should be detached from
the soil. Similarly if particular crops then existing are intended to be
leased or sold, then the object is to sever those crops as soon as they
are mature and therefore they are treated as 'movable property’. But in
the case of leases of trees for more than a year the crops have yet to
come and the contract is not made with a view to their immedaite
severance from the soil. The crop- to be raised hereafter will depend
upon the further nutriment to be afforded by the land. The lease in
question is therefore of ‘immovable propery’- 6 M. H. C. R, Page 71
and I. L. R. 20 Mad. Page 58 support my position. The leases in
question therefore require registration.

. (2) Copy of letter No. 21231A, dated 25-10-1923, from the

Chief Engineer, Travancore.
Subject'—Registraiion of lease deeds.
Reference-. —Government letter Dis. No. 776 of 22/Rev., dated
8-7-22,
in adverting to the above Government letter informing that action
is being taken to amend Section 10 (1) (c) of the Registration Regu¬
lation so as to take power to exempt certain leases from registration, I
have the honour to state that 1 wish to know if leases of produce of
tress on Government lands for over one year do require compulsory
registration at all under the above section. It will be observed that
under Section 10 (I) (c) only leases of immovable property require
registration. But the term immovable property excludes growing crops
Under Section 3(5). Growing crops are movable property and leases
of produce are merely disposals of existing movable property or of
movable property that may come into existence.
2. What the P. W. D. has generally to undertake is only the lease
of produce of trees and very rarely of leases of Thanathuchitta lands
while poramboke lands cannot be leased out by the P. W. D. Hence
the above distinction, if correct, is very important as in that case it does
not matter very much whether the Registration Regulation is amended
or not so far as the P. W- D. is concerned.
3. I request therefore that Government may be pleased to inform
me if the view expressed in para 1 above is correct as otherwise I have
to ask the Division Officers to get leases produce of trees registered.
I doubt if they do it now.
 336

Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the

Maharaja of Travancore.

Reu (1) Letter Cur. No. 145 of 22 dated the 10th July 1922, from
Devaswom Commissioner.
(2) Letter R. O. C. No. 417 of 22. dated 5ls! July 1922, to
the Land Revenue and Income Tax Camrr.issioner,
(3‘) Letter Dis. No. 278 of 23, dated 27th January 1923, from
the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
II. (1) Letter R. O. C. No. 299 of 22 dated the 17th
November 1922, from the Devaswom Commissioner.
(2) Letter R, O. C. No. 887 of 22, dated_29th November
1922, to the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
(3i Letter R. O. C. No. 299 of 22, dated 2nd December
1922, from tire Devaswom Commissioner. ,
14} Letter R. O. C. No. 887 of 22, dated 16th December
1922, to the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
(5) Letter R. O. C. No. 299 of 22, dated 10th April 1923,
from the Devaswom Commissioner.
(6) Letter R. O. C. No. 887 of 22, dated 24th April 1923,
to the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
IT) Letter R. O. C. 299 of 22, dated 20th April 1923, from
the Devaswom Commissioner.
(8, Letter R. O. C. No. 299 of 22, dated 1st May 1923, from
the Devaswom Commissioner.
(9; Letter R. O. C. No. 4141 of 22, dated 26th April 1923,
from the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
(10) Letter R. O. C. No. 8j7 of 22, dated 19th May 1923,
to the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
(11) Letter R. O. C. No. 299 of 22, dated 28th May 1923,
from the Devaswom Commissioner.
(1 2) Letter R. O. C. No. 887 of 22 dated 22nd, June 1923, to
the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
(13) Letter R. O. C. No. 4141 of 22, dated 5th June 1923,
from the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.
r 14) Letter R. O. C. No. 299 of 22 dated 20th June 1923,
from the Devaswom Commissioner.
(15.' Letter R. O. C. No. 299 of 22, dated 9th June 1923, from
the Ag. Devaswom Commissioner.
(16) Letter R. O. C, No. 299 of 22, dated 24th November
1923. from the Devaswom Commissioner.
III. Read Again : —
(1) G. O. No. 3706/L. R. dated the 27th July 1918.
(2) The Devaswom Procjaination of 1097, dated the 12th April
1922.
 337

In July 1922, the Devaswom Commissioner requested that the

Revenue Deparimen' migh" be ins'ruc.:ed to hand over to the Devaswom
Department the temple sites and all appurtenances thereto within Sanfce-
tham grounds, and N'andavanams. Subsequently, the Devaswom Com¬
missioner forwarded laiukwar lis’s of Devaswom Porombokes to
Government and requested 'he issue of orders for the transfer of those
Porambokes io his Department. The remarks of the Land Revenue
and Income Tax Commissioner were invited on 'hess reports and his
replies have been received.
Order thereon R, Dis. No. i 96 of 24'G. B, dated. Trivandrum
16th April 1924.
Government have considered the question carefully and examined
the lists submitted by the Devaswom Commissioner. It is observed
that, wifh the formation of the Devaswom Department, all temples and
some Nandavanams were transferred to that Department. What the
Davaswom Commissioner now wants is the transfer of the temple sites
and the premises and gardens a'tached to the temples such as Nanda¬
vanams etc., and the buildings attached to some of the temples, such as
Kalithattus and the like. These have to be treated as appurtenances to
the temples, and should be in the possession of the Devaswom Depart¬
ment, as they will be necessary for the proper administration of the Deva-
swoms. Government, however, consider thatthe wholesale transfer of such
lands cannot be ordered without critical examination and inspection,
where necessary of the several poramboke sites, with reference to each
Devaswom by responsible officers of the Revenue Department. Go¬
vernment accordingly direct that the Devaswom Commissioner should
arrange for pakuthiwar lists of such lands and buildings attached to the
different Devaswoms being forwarded to the Land Revenue and Income
Tax Commissioner. On receipt of these lists, the Land Revenue Com¬
missioner should send them to the Dewan Peishkars concerned and
instruct these officers and their Assistants io inspect each item in the
lists at the time of the Jamabandy to be conducted in 1099 and submit
specific recommendations to the Land Revenue Commissioner. The
Land Revenue Commissioner should examine the recommendations and
issue orders sanctioning the transfer, to the Devaswom Department of
those items in the lists, which he considers unobjectionable to make
over to that Department. In regard to the items in the lists which the
Land Revenue Commissioner decides should not be transferred to the
Devaswom Department, the Devaswom Commissioner may, if he is not
satisfied with the decision in any individual case, move the Government
for orders. The maintenance of all the lands and buildings transferred
m accordance with the above orders will devolve on the Devaswom
Department,
 338

2. it is observed that many of these lands etc., included in the lists

sent i p b 5 D •» p t. ommi oner have been leased on Kuthaga¬
pattom for varying neriods bv the Land Revenue Department and that
the Kuthasapattom rents are beinc recovered by and credited to that
Denartment. In the case ot those lands which are decided to be trans¬
ferred to the Devaswom Denar-men:, the Land Revenue Commissioner
should arrange for me Kuihaaapattom records being made over to the
Devaswom Commissioner. The Devaswom Commissioner should see
that the exist mo lessees are allowed to continue in possession during the
remaining oenots or trie leases granted by the Revenue Department.
Alter the exmrv ot the current leases, it will be competent to the Deva-
swom Coram.ss-oner to grant tu'ure leases subject to the provisions of
the Ku naaapa .am Rules. The Ku.haaapaiiom rents not already re¬
covered and credited to he Land Revenue Department in the case of
current teases wnl oe realised bv and credited to the Devaswom
Departmen-. Tne ran s lor tu.ure leases will of course go to the credit
of that Department.
3. Lnder G. O. No. t>7tb L. R.. dated 27th July 1918, certain
powers m -he mat er ot gran.tns leases on Kuthagapattom have been
ve_-ted in .he Hearts oi Departments. This G. O. would not apply to
ih-D= 1 wi 9 hi - , j. v i ued prior to the creation of the
Devaswom Depat' mens as a separate Department. The provisions of
the aoove said G. O. are hereoy extended and made applicable to the
Devaswom DetwCtnesr. ana an du.ies and powers contemplated by that
G. O. are ves.ed m the Devaswom Commissioner, in so far as lands
belonging to scheduled Devaawoms. and trees thereon, are concerned.
(By order)
R. Krishna Pirlai,
Chief Secretary to Government

G. O. Dis. No. 1033 of 1924'Revenue dated 22nd July 1924

Execution of agreements in Kuthagapattom leases.

With reference to your letter R.O.C. Mo. 974 of 24/L. R. dated the
20.h March 1924 re execution of agreements in Kuthagapattom leases,
I have the honor to inform you that your proposal that all kuthaga¬
pattom leases the term graned under which do no! exceed 12 years and
the annual rcn‘s covered by which do no! exceed Rs. 50 should be
exempted from both Stamp and Regis'ration fees is approved. A bill
has been already drafted by the additional Head Sirkar Vakil to amend
the Regis'ration Regulation wish a view to take power to Government
 339

to exempt kuthagapattom leases of the above description from Registr¬

ation fees. He is being asked to prepare a similar amendment Bill to
the Stamp Regulation also.
2. Final orders will issue about the lease deeds to be brought
under the exemptions after the Regula*ions are actually amended.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 780:24 G. B. dared 1st November 1924.

Kuthagapattom leases — Investiture of powers to Devaswom Officers
for the grant of.
Government sanction the Superin'endents of Devaswoms being
empowered to grant Kuthagapattom leases for periods no! exceeding
three years, the Assistant Commissioners of Devaswoms for periods
not exceeding twelve years and the Devaswom Commissioner without
any limit of time, in respect of the lands attached to the scheduled
Devaswoms which have been recently transferred to the Devaswom
Department.

Proceedings of the Government ot Her Highness the

Maharani Regent of Travancore.
Read again : —
(1) G. O. No. 2879/L. R. & F. dated the 4th March 1914.
(2) G. o. No. 3706/L. R. dated the 27th July 1918.
(3) G. O. No. 1 1275/L. R. dated the 19th November 1920.
(4) Notification Dis. No. 97 of 22|'Rev. dated the 20th January
1922.
(5) G. O. Dis. No. 92j23,'Revenue, dated the 26th January
1923.
Order Dis. No. 1691 of 26iRevenue, dated
Trivandrum, 13th November 1926.
In G. O. No. 28791L. R. & F. dated the 4th Fdarch 1914, read
above, the Government directed that the Thanathuchitta lands such as
premises, public offices, buildings etc., in charge of the several depart¬
ments should be transferred to the head of porambokes if they had not
been already transferred to that head, and that the duty of leasing or
otherwise disposing of the usufruct of the lands and trees transferred to
the control of departments other than the Land Revenue Department
should be entrusted to the respective departments. Since the Govern¬
ment have amended the Kuthagapattom rules relating to the Land Re¬
venue Department by Notification Dis. No. 97/22/Revenue, dated the
20th January 1922, so as to authorise the officers of the Land Revenue
Department to lease out tharbu, thanathuchilla and poramboke lands in
their control on Kuthagapattom, Government consider that other depart¬
ments also should have similar powers in respect of the poramboke lands,
 340

in (heir control. The Government accordingly authorise all such Heads

of Departments to lease out, whenever found necessary poramboke lands
under their control for temporary occupation. If there are still any
lands under the category of Thanathuchit'a lands, in the control of any
of these Departments, such lands should be immediately transferred to
the head of Poramboke as required by G. O. of 4lh March 1914,
with the sanction of Government.
(By order,)
K. Geokge,
Chief Secretary to Government.
To
All Heads of Departments.
The'Gazette.
The Press Room.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 2;6!27;G. B. dated the 21st May 1927.

Crediting of Prohibitory assessment on land.
With reference to your letter C. No. 9205/25/C. E., dated the
19th February 19.27, re : unauthorised removal of moss from the tank
attached to the Thekkumkavu Kulangara temple. I have the honour to
forward herewith copy of letter No. 854 dated the 7th April 1927 from
the Head Sirkar Vakil on the subject, and to inform you that Govern¬
ment accept his view in the matter.
[Enclosure.]
Copy of letter No. 854 dated 7th April 1927 from the Head
Sirkar Vakil to the Chief Secretary to Government.

With, reference to your letter R. O. C. No 266/27/G. B. dated

26-3-27 re: unauthorised removal of moss from the tank attached to the
Thekkumkavu Kulangara Devaswom 1 have the honour to record the
the following
Opinion
I do not think the Devaswom Department is entitled to the fine
imposed. The analogy of Municipalities is not proper as the crediting
of the amounts mentioned to the Municipal Fund is provided for by the
Statute itself. In the absence of any such special piovision, the general
rule that a fine imposed for sn offence against the law of the land, goes
to the Government will apply.
But the prohibitory assessment stands on a different footing. The
assessment is levied on the 'land and is virtually compensation for
the use and occupation of the land. It is higher than the ordinary rate
at which it is realised, because the occupation is without permission.
The assessment should therefore go to the owner of the land ; and as
the land belongs to the Devaswom, the assessment realised must go to
the Devaswom.
 341

G. O. Dis. No. 702 of 1927 Re”, dated the 27th Mav 1927.
Right of collectin' - cb i <■ r ce.ta n laud

With reference to four ornce letter R. O. C. No. !7 of 1925

L. R., dated the 6th Apr:! 1 re: thi contending claims ol the Land
Revenue and the D--< i D-p >• n i. *h- ngM of collecting
michavaram on she 8 survey nuraoers coraorised m Thandaper Nos.
423, 5^6 and 93 of tne Sarkara pamum, v_nuavim;:! Talus, I have the
honour to forward herewith ccpv oi letter No o/7, datea the 9th April
1927, from the Head Sirkar VsksI, on the suoiect recording the opinion
that the Devaswom Department is not entitled to the cess in question.
Government acceo: the above view oi the Heaci Siritar Vakil. I re¬
quest that you will he so good as ,o ananas for the dues being collected
and credited to the Land Revenue Department accordinsiv.
2. Government sanction tne apportionment of the cess among the
survey numbers as suggested by tne Uewan Peishkar, m case the holders
of the lands are agreeable to this being done. If they do not agree,
the rectification of the revenue tecotds mi«ni d«t leu to be done at the
next settlement, making, at the same time, an entry m the remarks
column of the Thandaner register, as sugsesred bv the Head Sirkar
Vakil, to avoid the contigency ot the amount being treated as an extra
cess at the next settlement. The necessary orders should be issued in
the matter accordingly.
3. The records are returned.

G. 0. R. Dis. No. 277/28. G. B. dated the 30th July 1928.

Thanathuchitta lands transferred to the Devaswom Department.

With reference to your letter R, O. C. No. 2033;27/L. R. dated

the 7th August 1927, and the subsequent reminders thereto 1 have the
honour to inform you that, as recommended, Government sanction the
thanathuchitta lands transferred to the Devaswom Department being
treated as Sirkar Devaswom porambokes and the tax’due thereon to the
Revenue Department written off the.accounts.

G. 0. R. Dis. No. 1660 of !930iRevenue dated the 16th

December 1930.
Passing of awards in land acquisition cases.

Circular P.,W, 49451380 of 1922, dated the 1st August 1926,

directs that the Land Acquisition Officer should defer passing awards,
in cases pending from a previous year, till the Department concerned
 342

provides the funds necessary for payment of compensation. This

arrangement is found to entail unduly long delay in the disposal of cases
and payment of compensation. It is, therefore, ordered that, in ceses
where the Land Acquisition Officer expects lapse of funds through in¬
ability to pass awards within the year in which the acquisition was
ordered, he should give information to the Department concerned of the
arnonn'” Iap!'na sutncien'ly early' m the year, to enable that Depart¬
ment to provide the required funds in the following year’s budget
estimates. .
2. In the case ol acquisitions newly sanctioned the Land Acquisi¬
tion Officer, will, as heretofore, take the case on his file only on receipt
of intimation from the Department concerned that the necessary funds
are available.

No. 3042.
Head Sirkar Vakil’s Office,
Trivandrum. 3rd December 1931.

The Devaswom Commissioner,

Travancere.
Sir,
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 7084(31 dated 6th
November 1931. 1 have the honour to state that Devaswom porambokes
are not meant for the use of the public but are intended for purposes of
the Devaswoms to which they may be attached. Accordingly 1 am of
opinion that for holding public meetings in such places the permission of
the Department should necessarily be obtained.

T. R. Reghuxatha Iyengab,
Ag. Head Sirkar Vakil.

G. O. Dis- No. 106.34 Dev. dated the 20‘h February 1934.

Lessee need not deposit security when lease is granted by one
Department to another.

With reference to your letter C. No. 1203(33, dated 19-1-34, re¬

garding the lease on Kuthakapattom without limit of time to the Deva¬
swom Department of an extent of 10' 13 acres of Sirkar porambokes
chal comprised in S. No. 611 A of Thotiapuzhacherry pakuthi, Thiru-
valla taluk, 1 have the honor to inform you that Government agree with
you and the Devaswom Commissioner .ha! when leases are granted
• by one Department to another, the lessee need not deposit any security
or execute an agreement under the Kuthakapattom Rules. I request
that you will he so good as to arrange accordingly in the present and
future cases.
 343

G. O. D. Dis. No. 7»'3s;Dev. dated 18-10-34.

With reference io vour letter K. O. G. No. 90Z1 .'o dated 6-2-33
res acquisition of 2 cocoanut trees standing on S. Nos. 1030. 4 and
C of the Kazhakuttam PaLuht. Trivanarutn i a!us. I have the honor to
forward herewith copv of note No. 6 C dated 23-7->3 from the Ad¬
ditional Head Sirkar Vasil on the subject ana to inform you that
Government accept his opinion m toe ma-.iet.

’ Enclosure-}
Copy of Note No. 607 dated 23rd July 1934 from the Additional
Head Sirkar Vakil.

It is presumed that the frees overhang the Devasworn compound

and that it is because of that that the trees are causing damage to the tiles
of the roofs of the Oottupura. If so, those portions of the trees, which
so overhang, may be cut off by the person in occupation of the land
which is being prejudicially affected by the overhanging, i. c. to say, by
the Devasworn Department in this case, ff the owner of the trees
persists in allowing these trees to stand in such a manner as to cause the
damage, he is committing a legal injury to his neighbour. That being
so, I do not think that the expedient of acquiring the trees is a proper
course that may be adopted by Government. Acquiring the trees means
payment of money to the owner of the trees. And, is public money to
be spent for the purpose of making a payment to the person who causes
injury? I think that to do so is wrong in principle; and it will also
create a very bad precedent. I am of opinion that this expedient should
be resorted to only if every means available under law fails.
.
2 As regards the applicability of Section 116 of the Criminal
Procedure Code, it is open to serious doubt whether that provision is
applicable to a case where the branches alone of a tree are likely to
cause damage and not the tree as a whole, if considered quite neces¬
sary, an application may be made under Section 116 before the District
Magistrate, as a test case, so that, whoever may win or lose, the High
Court may be given an opportunity of pronouncing on the applicability
of the Section in such cases.
3. I do not, however, think that the above course is quite necessary,
for the law is clear that if a person’s land is overhung by the branches
of a neighbouring owner’s trees, those branches may be cut off by that
person irrespective of the question of damage. In the words of a
famous English Judge, quoted with approval by the Travancore High
Court in a case reported in 6 T. L. J. page 343, “The owner of a tree
has no right to prevent a person, lawfully in possession of land into or
 344

over which its root.? and blanches have: grown, fiom cutting away so
much of them ts f-'c = - h h> c c . b - L d. a^d the owner of a tree
is not entitled !o n t '< n c 1 rid sc -nte.ed m order to effect such
cutting. However old ho roots or branches mav be, they may be cot
without notice sur-iect to the same condition. The right of an owner or
occupier of land to free it from such oastruettons is no* restricted by the
necessity of .jiving notice, so boo a? hs connnes himself and his oper¬
ations to his own land, -ncl'idm* she snace veracallv above and below
its surface.'’ The inherence is clear that the. person has only to give
reasonable notice to the owner of he trees m case he has to enter the
land of the other in order to cut ott ’ho overhanging portion of the trees.
Such being the law, ! am of opinion that the Devaswom Department
mav cut otf the overm-irn ? par ions ot the trees straightway if the
Depaitment can do so w.tkmi entering the neighbouring land. If the
portions can be cut os only lav entering into the neighbouring land, the
Devaswom Department mav a ve nonce ;o .he oxasc of ihe trees to cut
off so much of the‘.fees at overhung t.re Devaswom compound ; if the
notice is no: acted up o, the Devaswom Depanmen! should give notice
to the owner of !he trees ,ha‘ he Depart menial Officers will enter the
land on a specified oav and cu ctr .he oortioas. If -he Devaswom De¬
partment apprehends anv rests.ance or oreacb of ihe peace, they may.
give information o he Police and as,; them to be present on the occa¬
sion in order ;o jreveas anv breach of the peace.

Kotliagajiattom Rules.

In exercise of the powers conferred on them bv Section 7 of the

Government Land A t?n u Re^un m Ilf o, 1097, the Government
of His Highness the Main Raja are pleased :o make the following rules :
1. These Rules supersede ail existing rules on ihe subject of
Kuthagapat’om.
2. Kuthgapat n me r and ru des;-
(a) Lease of poramfcoke land on fixed ground-rent for putting up
shops in bazaars and msi ke.s.
(b) Lease ot poraaiuoke land for temporary occupation in connec¬
tion with fail , fe i a , n p,. 1 c entertainments etc.
(c) Lease ot poramcoxe land and of land, which is the property
of Government oher Kata poramco.ke, and falling under the category of
Tlianathuchit a, Thansu e c., which cannot be permanently assigned
away-
 345

(d) Lease of trees standing on Government lands falling under

clause (c) supra.
Note:—(i) Lands available for assignment on registry shall not
ordinarily be leased out on Kutbagapattom.
(ii) Lands falling under clause (c) shall be given on lease
only in rare and exceptional cases, i. e., if their temporary occupation is
not prejudicial to the public or Government interests.
(iii) In the case ol sites of Government institutions, the
lands shall not ordinarily be leased out on Kuthagapattom. The lease
in such cases should be confined to the trees standing on their premises.
(iv) The lands set spart for communal or public purposes
shall not similarly be leased out on Kuthagapattom,
(v) In the case of lands at the disposal of Government,
the encroachment, if any, shall first be vacated under the provisions of
the Land Conservancy Regulation and the land or trees shall then be
leased for definite periods under these Rules.
3. Kuthagapattom leases fall under two classes: —
(a) Leases for definite periods not exceeding 12 years.
(b) Leases without limit of time.
4. As a rule, leases on Kuthagapattom shall be granted only for
definite periods.
Note:—Cases falling under Rule 5 are exceptions to this rule.
5. Kuthagapattom without limit of time relates to: —
(i) Leases of trees on poramboke lands which have already been
given out without limit of time under the Rules dated the 27th Karka-
dagom 1074 or under the Rules dated the 3rd July 1914.
(ii) Leases of trees which may hereafter be given under these rules
without limit of time. The existing trees on poramboke lands such as
public roads, canals, irrigation tanks, field bunds etc., shall be leased
out on kuthagapattom without limit of time to the ryots, provided there
is clear and indubitable evidence that they have been planted and nur¬
tured by them under the bonafide belief that the land belonged to them
and that such lease is not prejudicial to the public interests.
(iii) Leases of shop sites in bazars on ground-rent.
6. All leases for definite periods shall ordinarily be granted only to
the highest bidder in open auction.
7. A Kuthagapattom Account shall be maintained in each pakuthi
in " Form A appended to these Rules. This Account will be maintained
in 2 Parts—Part 1 for leases .granted for definite periods and Part II for
leases without limit of time- __
* Tho Forms.
 346

Similarly a Kuthagapattom Register shall be maintained in the

taluk Office in 2 parts in Form B appended, separate pages being allot¬
ted to each pakuthi.
8. It is the duty o( the Proverthicar to send up to the Tahsildar an
extract from Part I o[ the Kuthagapattom Account in respect ol all
leases that have to be renewed, two months before the expiry of the
existing lease, giving particulars regarding the. date of expiry of the
lease, the annual 'Kuthagapattom rent as per the existing lease, and the
survey number, nature and extent of the land. The number and descri¬
ption of the trees standing on the land at the time of the report shall also
be noted in the remarks column, after verification. A list of trees,
found missing or in excess, if any, should also be submitted with this
report for necessary action.
9. Whenever the Tahsildar finds, on receipt of applications or on
termination of proceedings under the Land Conservancy Regulation or
otherwise that fresh lands, trees, or both, are available for being leased
out under these Rules, he shall obtain from the Proverthicar a report
containing particulars in regard to the survey number, nature and extent
of the land as also the number and description of trees standing thereon.
10. On receipt of the report under Rule 8 or 9, the Tahsildar shall,
after verification with the Kuthagapattom Register in Form B in the
taluk Office in the case of existing leases, publish a notice fixing a date
for auction sale of the lease in the pakuthi cutcherry and the time for
and conditions of auction. This notice shall be published in the taluk
and village Offices 15 days before the date fixed for the auction. A
copy of the notice shall also be duly served on the existing lessee, if
any.
11. On the date fixed, the Tahsildar shall hold the auction. He
shall prepare the auction list giving the names of the bidders and the
amount of the bid. This list shall be signed by the Tahsildar, Pro¬
verthicar or Accountant, the person who bids at the auction and two
thadasters. The highest bidder shall pay immediately an amount equal
to an year’s rental as security for the proper conduct of the lease. On
default of such payment at the spot, the lease shall forthwith be put up
to reauction and the loss occasioned by the reauction recovered from the
defaulter under the Revenue Recovery Regulation.
12. The upset price for the auction held under Rule 11 shall be
determined with reference to the rates adopted for the land and trees
under the Puduval Rules.
13. (a) The Tahsildar shall sanction the Kuthagapattom lease him¬
self in the case of leases for definite periods.
_(£) In the case of leases without limit of time, the sanction of
the Division Peishkar, the Commissioner, Devicoiam, or the Assistant
 347

Peishkar, as the case may be, shall be obtained by the Tahsildar before
granting the lease. The Tahsildar, before making his recommendation,
shall satisfy himself by making necessary enquiries as suggested in
Rule 5 (ii) and obtain a written statement from the party agreeing to
take up the lease on the stipulated conditions.
The Division Peishkar, the Commissioner, Devicolam, or the
Assistant Peishkar, to whom a recommendation is made, may either
sanction the lease or order otherwise for reasons to be recorded in
writing.
14. (a) In the case of fresh leases granted without limit of time the
annual kuthagapattom amount shall represent the assessment fixed as per
the rates in the schedule annexed.
(.b) In the case of existing leases of trees without limit of time,
the rates are liable to be revised if they do not conform to the rates
prescribed in the schedule and if the lessee does not accept the revised
rates, the lease shall be determined under the orders of the Division
Peishkar, the Commissioner, D.evicolam, or the Assistant Peishkar, as
the case may be and notice issued to the lessee to surrender the lease
hold within a specified time. If the lessee does not surrender the lease
accordingly, he will be considered as a tenant holding over liable to be
proceeded against and evicted under Regulation IV. of 1091. After
eviction, steps will be taken to release the trees lor definite periods.
15. (a) All leases, whether with limit of time or without limit of
time, shall be subject to the conditions specified in the grant referred to
in Rule 17 infra.
(b) (i) The lessee shall not alienate the lease without obtain¬
ing the previous sanction of the Officer who granted the lease.
(ii) During the currency of the lease, the lessee shall not
determine the lease of his own accord.
(iii) It shall be competent to the Tahsildar or other Officer
who granted the lease to cancel the lease either on the termination of
the lease without notice or at any other time after three months’ notice
il the land or tree is required for Government or public purposes.
16. When an order, sanctioning the grant of afresh lease without
limit of time, has been received by the Tahsildar, he shall issue a notice
to the party concerned, intimating the nature of the order and calling
upon him to produce an amount not less than one year’s rental as security
for proper conduct of the lease within a period of 15 days from the date

17. Immediately after a lease for a definite period is sanctioned by

Tahsildar under Rule 13 (A) or security is paid under Rule 16 in the
 348

case of leases without limit of time, the Tahsiidar shall issue a grant, in
duplicate, in Form C annexed and obtain the signature of the lessee to
the declaration on the duplicate,
Aroie :—Grants issued under this rule are not chargeable with
stamp duty under regulation IV of 1080.
18. (i) Appeals [rom the original decisions or orders passed by the
Tahsiidar in the case of leases lor definite periods shall lie to the Assis¬
tant Peishkar. or the Division Peishkar or the Commissioner, Devicolam,
as the case may be, and from those passed by the Assistant Peishkar or
the Division Peishkar or Commissioner, Devicolam, in the cases of leases
without limit of time, to the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commis-

(ii) Appeals shall be presented by interested parties within one

month from the date of decision or order appealed against or from the
date of the service of notice thereof as the case may be. In computing
the period of appeal, the day on which the decision or order appealed
against was pronounced or communicated and the time taken for obtain¬
ing a copy of it shall be excluded. On all copies granted shall be
entered the date of the application for copy, the date fixed for production
of copying sheets, the date on which sheets were produced, the date
fixed for delivering the copy, the date on which the copy was ready and
the date on which the copy was delivered.
(iii) The appellate authority may admit an appeal after the
expiry of the period of limitation, provided he is satisfied that the appel¬
lant had good and sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within
such period. In such cases, the fact of having excused the delay shall
be recorded.
(iv) No appeal shall be admitted unless accompanied by a certi¬
fied copy of the decision or order appealed against. No Officer shall
decide a case in appeal without giving notice to all the interested parties
to appear and an opportunity to be heard.
(v) The appellate authority may confirm, vary or cancel the
decision or order appealed against.
<vi/ The order of the authority granting the lease, if no appeal is
presented, or of the authority to whom the appeal lies, if an appeal is
presented, is final and no second appeal shall lie.
19. ^ (a) It shall also be open to the Land Revenue and Income
Tax Commissioner if sufficient grounds exist, to revise, cancel or alter,
on his own motion or otherwise, any original decision passed under
these Rules by the Tahsiidar, within one year after the period pres¬
cribed for appeal has elapsed or after the appeal, if preferred, has been
disposed o f no such order shall be passed in revision without the party
who may he affected by the order being given an opportunity to be
beard.
 349

(b} The Dewan may, similarly, revise, cancel or alter on his

own motion or otherwise any original decision passed under these Rules
by the Division Peishkar, the Commissioner, Devicolam or the Assistant
Peishkar as the case may be after the period for appeal has elapsed or
after the appeal if preferred has been disposed of. No such order shall
be passed without fthe party that may be affected by the order being
given an opportunity to be'heard.
20. If the lease is set aside or modified in appeal or revision and if
the lessee had possession of the trees or land as per the lease set aside
or modified, he shall be liable to pay to Government the proportionate
rent for the period he was in possession of the same according to the
terms of the lease cancelled or modified. On his failure to pay such
rent, it shall be recoverable from him as arrears of public revenue under
the Revenue Recovery Regulation for the time being in force.
21. The Tahsildar may, on applica?ion from parties, permit tem¬
porary occupation of poramboke and other Government lands outside
Municipal limits and of such lands within Municipal limits which have
not been formally transferred to any Municipal Council without obs'ruc-
tion to traffic or prejudice to public or communal conveniences, for a
period not exceeding seven days at a time, on recovery of rent, for the
purpose of putting up pandals or sheds for festivals, conferences,
marriages, drama, cinema etc. The rent leviable shall be 4 chuckrams
for every hundred square feet or fraction thereof for every day of occu¬
pation. On recovery of the rent in advance, the Tahsildar shall issue a
license in Form D appended.
22. (a) Wherever lands are acquired for public purposes, it is the
duty of the department to which the land is handed over to arrange for
leasing out the produce of the trees, if any, standing on such lands.
But in cases in which there is delay in handing over the land, o. in
which the land is acquired for purposes connected with the Land
Revenue Department, it is the duly of the Tahsildar when possession of
the land is taken by the Sirkar under the Land Acquisition Regulation,
to arirange for leasing out the produce of the trees standing on such land.
This should be done by auction sale for which a short notice shall be
published on the spot by beat of drum.
(b) It is also the duty of the officers of other departments to lease
the trees on lands under their control for definite periods under the pro¬
visions of these Rules. But those departments are not competent to
grant leases of lands nor of trees without limit of time.
23. The policy of Government is that all lands the registry of
which is not objectionable should be assigned and there is thus no occa¬
sion ordinarily for leasing lands without limit of time. There may be
 350

exceptional cases in which there are strong reasons for granting leases
ol land for longer definite periods or without limit of time or subject to
special conditions. Such leases shall be granted only with the sanction
of Government.
24. All lands and trees involved in Kuthagapattom cases should be
inspected at least once in a year by the Tahsildar assisted by the
Revenue Supervisor of the taluk. The Tahsildar should inspect 50 per
cent, of the cases himself in one year and the other 50 per cent, in
succeeding year, thus completing one round of inspection of the lands
and trees involved in all Kuthagapattom cases himself in two years,
25. It shall be the duty of the Tahsildar to examine the Taluk
Register in the Form B from time to time and see that prompt action is
taken in time for renewal ol leases. The Tahsildar shall record a certi¬
ficate in the Register before the end of Karkadagom each jear that all
time-expired leases have been renewed.
26. These Rules shall come into force on: —
Schedule of Taxable Trees.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 334;36/Dev., dated the 9th June 1936.

Payment of Process fees for demand notices.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 12327/34, dated the

24th!29th October 1935, regarding the payment of process fees for
demand notices issued by the Personal Deposit Devaswoms for service
by the Land Revenue Department, I have the honor to inform you that,
in the circumstances stated, Government sanction, in modification of
their letter R. Dis. No. 778!34/Dev. dated the : 23rd October 1934, the
 351

demand notices referred to above, being served by the Land Revenue

Department, free of charge. The necessary instructions in the matter
have been issued to the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.

G. O. Dis. No. 814/36/Dev., dated the 5th December 1936.

Lease of P. D. Devaswom lands.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 7283/36, dated the

17th September 1936, re amendraeut to rule 4 of the Rules for the
leases of the Personal Deposit Devaswom lands on Venpatiom tenure,
I have the honor to inform you that as suggested, Government sanction
the amendment to Rule 4 authorising the Devaswom Commissioner to
sanction Venpattom leases without an auction when such a course is
deemed by him to be desirable.

G. O. Dis. No. 2299/30/Rev. dated the 20th December 1936.

Use of Kavu Porambokes.

With reference to your letter No. C. 2096135, dated the 14th

October 1935, re : the Kavu poramboke comprised in S. No. 233/8 of
the Enadimangalam pakuthi, Kunnalur taluk f have the honor to point
out that the principle laid down in G. O. Dis. No. 659131;Rev. dated
the Mth May 1931. viz., that the Government cannot and should not
register away sites of temples and places of worship, is applicable to
Kavu Porambokes subject to the provisions of Rule 22 of the Revised
Puduval Rules.
The Kavu poramboke referred to in your letter under reference is
used by the Kuravas of the locality as a place of public worship, and
the registry of even a portion of it to an outsider who has unauthorisedly
encroached on the land, cannot be sanctioned, as it is opposed to the
intentions of Government laid down in G. O. Dis. No. 669/31/Rev.,
dated the 11th May 1931 and Rule 22 of the Revised Puduval Rules.
Government therefore direct that the encroacher be evicted from the
land forthwith and the site added on to the Kavu.
2. Though the Devaswom Department cannot lay claim to the
ownership of all communal groves in the State, yet when there is no one
to look after and maintain any such grove or place of worship, it is but
right and proper that the Devaswom Department is consulted whether
it is willing to undertake the maintenance of such grove or place of
public worship and to see that it is used for the purpose for which it is
intended.
The enclosures are returned.
 352

G. O. R. Dis. No. 62/37/Dev. dated the 19th January 1937.

Claims of Dev. Dept, for Kudiviia on teak trees.

With reference to your letter No. 315/109/Mis., dated the 23rd

April 1936, re claims of the Devaswom Department for Kudiviia on teak
trees felled and removed from S. No. 416)7 A of the Nemom pakuthi
belonging to the Thrikulangara Devaswom in the Parassala Group and
Survey No. 1609 of the Pallipuram pakuthi belonging to the Sridhara-
mangalam Devaswom in the Varkala Group, I have the honor to inform
you that on a careful consideration of the question in all its aspects
Government are of the definite opinion that Devaswom lands are not
private lands and cannot under any view of the matter be entitled to
Kudiviia under the Forest Regulation and much less to the entire sale
proceeds of the royal trees felled and removed by your Department
from the Devaswom lands. Having reference however to the peculiar
position of Devaswom lands and the liberal treatment accorded to
Devaswoms in actual practice Government consider that it is nothing
but fair and equitable that the Devaswom Fund should get credit for
the net proceeds earned by the Forest Department from the royal trees
on Devaswom lands and they rule accordingly.

chapter XIV.
ENDOWMENTS.
G. 0., R- Dis. No. 262 of 23/G. B„ dated 13th April 1923.
Acceptance of Endowment for Vazhivadus.

Rules under Section 8 (3) of the Devaswom ^Proclamation passed

by His Highness the Maha Raja under date the 30th March 1923.
1. The Government will accept cash or property as trustee for
the purpose of performing Vazhivadus in any one or more of the
Devaswoms mentioned in the schedule, subject to conditions mentioned
in the following rules.
2. Cash or property, the income from which is to be utilised for the
Vazhivadu must be handed over to the Devaswom Commissioner who
in case of cash, will invest the same in the name of the Dewan of
Travancore. In the case of immovable property, a conveyance thereof
must be made in favour of 'the Dewan of Travancore. In the case
of other property, the same will be converted into cash and invested
in like manner. The investments will be in the Government of India
pro-notes or in the Travancore Debenture bonds or in the Sirkar
Savings Bank, as the donor may wish, or in the absence of any such
wish being expressed, as the Devaswom Commissioner may deem
advisable.
 353

3. No amount will be accepted which is less than Rs. 100. In

the case of property other than cash, no property will be accepted
which, n the opinion of the Devaswom Commissioner, would fetch a sum
of less than Rs, 100.
4. No property or cash will be accepted unless the donor satisfies
the Devaswom Commissioner that he has a full, free and absolute power
of disposal over the same.
5. The income from the fund constituted by any donatio'n given
under the foregoing rules will be under the control of the Devaswom
Commissioner, and it shall be expended in the performance of Vazhi-
vadus in such manner and at such time as the donor may have signified
in writing. In the absence of any such signification, the Devaswom
Commissioner shall have it expended in such manner as he deems fit.
It will be open to the donor, during his life time, to change the manner
and occasion of the performance of the Vzhivadu.
6. Return of money or property accepted from any donor shall not
be demanded by the donor at any time and such money or property
shall cease to be regarded as his after acceptance of the same.
7. Vazhivadus can be performed only to the extent of the receipts
available from the endowment; and if at any time the amount is found
insufficient, the wishes of the donor, if alive, would be ascertained, and
if not, the principle of ‘Cypres’ would be made to apply accordiug to
decision of Government in each case.
etba.cn. aorb-oj on-Oo la- c&g^lsycraaja'l.gj ssurauo ailgosw
fflttntnlaai cy (cn-)-oo aicfta-jcwnuoLyaa. uu§.fii;,0o.
j3. (moa^aJoctQjrm .aigfsagis>at ruj uTuc^sjoronminl^d oj§1
<a,<nil®6 aQvmBPeio <?taas<2>«nalaaj3 Garni®
sssfiltnaio axy! astro® loo coorasraoiba atm tscjjjlcqjas
crfl&i®l®&, aJ6m5>2io ojo^aaio truji<0>®!d3gcro®3toriffllcsso

a., moeataosiiftiosai ais}iaio§<&Oo costmatrorola&aa <ol<fiatm

ojsrnaao aici^aoio saoimuo c0>adslasi6ro®© o©Oo i-i l8tea«@s>o tsro«§
aoo (SrMBslaco o^oajhBscmtS) aJsroaoasro»n<o6 5to,a»ffl nslusaflinoo
alatoaofio sajtolcob aolatsaia-fl8caosr®go <8155*010. ofgOog-jltfla
trr>@ arT^QJa6>5mEBrit!5ii cun^ollacr) truosicurru},^ ass ®)oocoo<oo
alaioactbo ao_i©1«36 o®?nnlatffit%)«nB«no<fliom. ■ satso tugj "aio^aio
asro&kob 8TO®1si.t) ojsroaocal aoool £$cai.:srora> 2.0fi»j©lajflffi6 cp)®<ftai
.■ailacMistBttnJAcno. oJamsBBOo cb]scaainil<flsiroffi ^crbaujocecuasna
cria agjoacno^cfealaaJt), ®]<t8an®oo@tb . cuflsni6iajanb esaicsnujcftgl
 354

»aj3, To<sfe>acb o ru<if'oc/)“nv sojoa«9>$a3j3, sawsoflacto geogrouajoaei

iBiBAoOjrmgjo 33eswai ®aio §o.r|!c ggommoasn: era a^emjcao ajosrorm)
g'i$}9 3IB> cTU=C«®:’D. :o6 esOJWJo c9>2££lu«WdSs £pc§Jo®a..l3aai cn)rrSm
:a-.g.<flicrc.
cix. crorii@!i_!osi;ffl6 Aosmn enofflmwoijgajSSSo <Tu_flse>(cl ^ cm an
gj. aj<*r>2ioc. :sejoa(B> 6><n>3S<9os>g-j§cm ajagafsiaio oilaadcBStwVj
aiiooossi .0 o b®>jje:.3S ej,oarBiu> «isffl«3>as» <fl>1s<fl><»fl$ amcno SB
ai.mJc <s>aa:a»!«r».:>j) srssl^O'JiaoAcm a so oic^ajo muiAsIcSetm

<A . 35(B»3fti'» a^®4^.T4o <ru j<»23)gajo nusaajasa# oTijoI

as^^cB'itaoaiiSinsaTa (SKjesoc. ssamuo <a»2)Pffl6noa® eimcagjag-j?
«mp3»<mic« s'joiaaajjass) moskodios oja^aau a-wnaao cruJlAalda
rmffiigja •
@- tszz&<uasms) su3«a0oy<a3fflu aAO^Asisio-js ngjatw®!!
ejo 33.-rx>3i-‘10 jgiJ’lcft’j'idsiagjglgag. i$(meflits6cr>kn» t&krm bt®33<d,o
ssanruJo ca>2^aBai»a®s 0®w1fflWm£o, as
rtjijoj ®s>aioi% >*o fltjailejjpsylggg, oflwansfiejo, (ruavararaflejo, ohj)qjo§
tfeCo ta'/l’iflamnroi.003^1 .ajiaicuoascfriggo masno". srossBlsiro oooartno
as a'y-iicostjo sosi^janoi esaiTtxjo Aa^.TMroa.woGjaOBnmiaD cqj-ar®
oarrra SiWirrormiD-x-o m® a®s£> ^sjlejaiseda-s'ermsajaro. s"l go wooTlas
macibo «!ail(tsia>o&)@!S> ojslaiog «e>'/l<flecm asmlrolcojo (Sroojnrufflajo
aooooajcm.'C^Acro.
err). moskboss asroaaflraiiari'lcTioo m)jl<ftsn.aj]|ga ajemsao ai
a^sais asldaajo ai® sosnsojlaa railolsm 01303 ■.'BjS>gJSoai> ajoslgjo
bk»®o ssrogj v-nji)* ol ^jirol-.ToaooaSBs erD^-jAoffl^sa. <uenc6>a3 cua^aaso
is® wi®a!arAn as a s»33!>l aiisussridsiaxj^rmcjiQjjrMn ao OT®acrro.
©). 3doo3^j .33'Iffliasicna (&i§rrr> <m®a3raoate>oar§ cosasraioob
(TuausItoaacmseenraDao ao@©a ais)ai3§A3o cossraorii cuoss® •
o®«a-joa$PB>)ajo @a> artri1moA*oof)ffl£)cna Aoenacmajdwuo aanosoj sfl
(inaJiffl1tS5iooioffl^rrs>l®6 srzmo^as mjgM; n^jaojaawnrmscnjaail^
wo-flasjfflzrriD^a2§° gjlail^lffildearrnlagjAliob aoaroo m-'oc/siwldleio c0
oisisraoisolaciJo is?1«aoeno araocnuiol^ ‘Cypres’ <o><wJ(ycS>o<oc ^md(U)0
A’i1tsj)OD©o sofTOoflaobo- asgooD^Asito) aosMg6>2cnoa*.<s>o
•snDAtro.
 333

G. O. R. Dis. No 433 of 24 G. B„ dated 12th July 1924.

Transfer of management of Charities at Thrichandur and Thrippa-
thisaram by the late Fouzdari Commissioner.

_ Government sanction the supervision and control of the charities at

Thrichandur and Thrippathisaram conducted at the expense of the late
Fouzdari Commissioner being transferred from the Land Revenue De¬
partment to the Devaswom Department,

Rules regarding the revision of Pathicus of Minor and Petty

Devaswoms by a system of Endowments passed by the
Government under Section 8 (3) of the
Devaswom Proclamation.
With a view to enlist the active co-operation of the public .in the
admimstration of Devaswoms and to ensure a more efficient and better
working of the Minor and Petty Devaswoms in the State, it has been
decided to provide for the revision and enhancement of the pathivus of
these institutions by inaugurating a system of endowments. The follow¬
ing rules are passed for the purpose under Section 8 (3) of the Deva¬
swom Proclamation, dated the 12th April 1922.
1. The Government on behalf of the Devaswom will accept endow¬
ments in cash or in the shape of other movable or immovable property
for the purpose of revising the pathivu in any of the Minor and Petty
Devaswoms mentioned in the revised Schedule of Devaswoms published
at pages 67 to 72 of the Gazette dated 28th October 1924 subject to
the conditions contained m these rules.
2. Any person or persons willing to contribute towards the revision
of the pathivu of any Minor or Petty Devaswom should make an offer in
writing to that effect to the Devaswom Commissioner specifying the
amount of money and the particulars and value of other property he is
prepared to contribute and the nature of the additional pathivu he desires
to be introduced in the Devaswom.
3. . Every such offer will be considered on its merits by the Deva¬
swom Commissioner with special reference to ;—
(a) the need for such revision of the pathivu of the Devaswom ;
ib> the importance of the Devaswom ;
ic) its usefulness to the public; and
; d} the amount of the contribution offered.
4. Subject to the provisions specified in paragraph (3) above, the
offers will be dealt with in the order of their priority.
 356

5. The pa'hnu of the Minor or Petty Devaswom will, as far as

possible, be rc-vsed on the lines suggested by the contributor provided
such revision.does not affect in any way the existing cus'om or usage of
ihar Devaswom.
6. Cash or other property contributed for the revision of the pathivu
of any particular Devaswom must be handed over to the Devaswom
Commissioner. In the case of immovable property a conveyance thereof
should be made in favour of the Dewan of Travancore. If it is cash
the Devaswom Commissioner will invest it in the name of the Dewan
of Travancore. In the case of other movable property it will be con¬
verted into cash and invested in the same manner as cash endowment.
The investments will be in Pro-notes of the Government of India or
of the Government of Travancore in the Sirkar Savings Banks as the
Devaswom Commissioner may deem advisable.
7. The contribution made under rule 6 above will, when necessary*
for the revision of the pathivu proposed, be supplemented by the gran5
of a lump amount not exceeding the amount of such contribution, from
the Devaswom fund that may annually be specially set apart in the
Devaswom Fund Budget for contribution for endowments to Minor and
Petty Devaswoms.
8. The contribution made under rule 6 and the amount that may be
contributed from the Devaswom Fund under rule 7 shall together con¬
stitute the endowment for the revision of the pathivu.
9. No such endowment shall be constituted unless the Devaswom
Commissioner is satisfied that the income from the fund will be sufficient
for the revision of the pathivu proposed.
10. When at any time it is found that the income from the endow¬
ment is inadequate to meet the expenses connected with the revised
pathivu for which the endowment was constituted, the Devaswom Com¬
missioner is competent to direct any modification in the pathivu so as to
keep it within such income. But the original donor or donors or any
other person or persons if willing, may make up the deficiency by a
fresh contribution towards the endowment. No additional amount will
be contributed from the Devaswom Fund for such purpose.
11. Money or other property contributed by a donor or donors and
constituted or incorporated into an endowment under these rules shall
vest absolutely in the Government on behalf of the Devaswom and shall
at no time and under no circumstances be liable to be returned to the
donor or donors.
The Devaswom Commissioner reserves to himself the absolute right
of rejecting or accepting any contribution offered under these rules.
(By order)
Huzur Cutcherry, K. Gkokge,
Trivandrum, 12th April 1927. Chiej S ecretary to Government.
 357

No. D. S. B. 684. Account Office,

Trivandrum, 7th July 1931.
From The Account Officer,
Trivandrum.
To The Devaswom Commissioner,
Travancore-
Sir,
I have the honour to inform you tha1 the Devaswom Superinten¬
dent, Vaikom has brought !o the notice of this Office the inconvenience
and hardship in -he matter of the adjustment of amounts not in multiples
of chs. 7 either for opening accounts in Savings bank for the conduct of
Vazhivadus in Devaswoms or for withdrawing therefrom. As it is
found des'rable that ail facilities should be given for the performance of
such vazhivadus, 1 am issuing instructions to all Treasury Officers to
permit the Superintendent of Devaswoms to deposit or withdraw
amounts from account opened for the above purpose, even though they
are not in multiples of 7 chs. 1 request that the Assistant Commis¬
sioners and Superintendents of Devaswoms may also be informed of
the same.
I have etc.,
P. Vasldeva Kt'ftLT,
Ag. Assistant Account Officer
for Account Officer.

CHAPTER XV.
LIVESTOCK.
Rules for the employment and feeding of Sirkar Devaswom elephants
passed under sanction of His Highness the Maha Raja, dated the
9th August 1911 /25th Adi 1086 as amended bv G. O. R. Dis.
No. 1759-221Devpt. dated 15-7-22, G. O. R'. Dis. No. 16123
dated 6/11-1-23 and G. O. R. O. C. No. 256/23!G. 15. dated
12-4-23.

1. How classed. Considered with reference to size and the quan¬

tity of work that they are able to turn out, elephants may be roughly
divided into the following classes
1st class'—8 feet high or able to draw 4 candies of timber.
2nd class—7 feet high or able to draw 3 candies of timber.
3rd class—6 feet high or able to draw 2 candies of timber.
4th class —5 feet high or able to draw 1 candy of timber.
5th class —Less than 5 feet high.
Exception. An elephant unable to work will be placed one class
below that to which it ought to belong, on account of its height or
ability to drag heavy logs.
 358

2. I ransjer tram one class to another. The transfer of an elephant

fi no"! c' on. out h 11 no: be made without the previous sanc¬
tion of the Devaswom Commissioner.
3. Attendants; and their pay. There shall be an attendant or
rnahout for each animal. In the case of troublesome elephants an assis¬
tant may be appointed with the previous approval of the Devaswom
Commissioner. I he pay of the mahouts shall be graded as follows :—
1st class eleohants—Fanams 70
2nd Do‘. — „ 66J
3rd Do. - „ 63
4th Do. — „ 56
5th Do. — ,, 56
The assistant shall be paid at a uniform rate of 42 fanams each
per mensem.
4. IVorbing of elephants. Elephants employed in dragging timber
shall nor he worked for more than 20 days in a month. On the hills,
the working season is the wet weather and extends oyer six months. In
the low country, the elephants may be worked all the yeaC round undue
exposure to the sun being of course carefully guarded against. The
working hours shall be before 10 t. u. and after 3 p. m. Should an
animal show any signs of exhaustion, it should a? once be ordered rest
for such time as may be considered necessary. Elephants should be
bathed during the hot weather more frequently than during the other
seasons.
5. Allowance when traoelling. When elephants are sent out from
head quarters for work beyond a radius of 5 miles, baita may be allow¬
ed io the mahouts at the rates allowed for other subordinates in the
Revenue Department drawing the same salary for all days spent irres¬
pective of the stipulation of 10 days.
6. Rations of grain and fodder. Every elephant shall be allowed
fodder throughout the year al the rates shown below : —
1 st class elephant —20 bundles of fodder per day.
2nd class elephant —18 Do.
3rd class elephant—16 Do.
4th class elephant—14 Do.
5th class elephant— 12 Do.
The weight of a bundle of fodder should be not less than 50 lbs.
While employed at work, they shall be given grain rations in addi¬
tion, as per scale given below, and half rations while on the march :—
1st class elephant - ! 2 edangalies of rice a day.
2nd Do. —10 Do.
3rd Do. - 8 Do.
4th Do- — 6 Do.
5 th Do. — 4 Do,
 359

In special cases, the bunerimencients rnav. without sanction- szive

full grain ratio' 'or! Aant <1 ,\h n n> ig^f-1 u 01^ t, m-
prove general condition of the animal tor a period of 20 days, and the
Assistant Commissioner may order such ration to be aiven tor a period
not exceedme 3U da vs in a year without reference so the Devaswom
Commissioner. But m cases where tha; period has to be exceeded, the
sanction of the Devasvorn Commissioner shall have to be obtained.
7. Kabalams. A sum not exceeding Rs. 2 per month for a first
class elephant, Rs. 1 j for the 2nd and 3rd classes, and Re. I for the
fourth and fifth classes may be allowed for £abalarns for elephants.
Note. i The following is the ordinary recipe of an elephant’s
kahalam.
2 calanjus of opium,
3 palams of rocbalt,
2 calanjus of asafcetida,
1 edangaiy of raw rice,
1 cake jaggery.
•'ii Kabalams should, as a ruie, be given to elephants in
the presence of the Superintendent,
8. Powers of officers to spend money. In emergent eases, the
Superintendent may spend on account of medical treatment a sum not
exceeding Rs. 10 on each elephant, and the Assistant Commissioner a
sum not exceeding Rs. 25 of their own accord without the previous
sanction of the higher authorities. The Devaswom Commissioner is
given power to incur expenditure under this head for a sum not exceed¬
ing Rs. 150. The expenditure should not be incurred unless there is
provision for the same in the Budget.
9. Demswom subordinates resnonsible for proper feeding. The
Devaswom subordinates under whom the elephants are working will be
held responsible lor their being properly fed. They must arrange that
as tar as possible the animals are fed in their presence and in sending
their bills they must certify that the food said to have been given to
the elephants and the medicines reported to have been purchased for
their treatment have been actually administered.
10. When not required for Government purposes, elephants may be
hired out to private individuals at the following rates .—
First and Second class elephants Rs. 6 per day.
Third and Fourth class elephants Rs. 5 per day.
This does not include the cost of feeding the animals and the batta
to the mahouts which should both be borne by the hirers.
 360

11. Agreement wiih private persons when an elephant is hired out.

When an animal is hired to a private individual, the latter should pay
down the total hre in advance and further bind himself to provide the
animal with food and the mahout or mahouts with batta at the rate
sanctioned, from the day on which he takes charge of it till its return to
head quarters. He should also stipulate that the elephant is given rest
for every third day and that, in the hot weather, the hours of work pre¬
scribed in para 4 are strictly followed. Rest should also be insisted
upon whenever it shows signs of exhaustion or ill- health.
12. Register of elephants. In each Devaswom Group Office a re¬
gister shall be kept for all elephants stationed in it in which one or
more pages should be devoted to each elenhant. The register should
show the name, ckss, size, and age of each animal and at the end of
each month entries should be made showing the quantity and quality of
work done by it, the cost of its keep, the income accruing to the Gov¬
ernment in the shape of ready money when hired to private persons and
the amount debitable to the Government on account of the work done on
procession service or at Pagodas with any other remarks as to its state
of health, character or general behaviour that may seem called for.
Copies of these registers should be submitted by the Assistant Commis¬
sioners with their remarks at the end of every quarter to the Devaswom
Commissioner. The Devaswom Commissioner will submit along with
his administration report an annual report to Government regarding the
employment, feeding and general condition of the trained elephants in
his Department.
13. Accepting security from mahouts. All mahouts in charge of
Government elephants shall furnish a cash deposit of Rs. (75 seventy
five or security for Rs. (150) one hundred and fifty.
1 4. The above rules shall come into force from the 1st Chingom
1087
P. Rajagopala Chari,

FORM A.
 361

Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the

Maharaja of Travancore.
The Ag. Dewan Peishkar, Quilon, brought to notice that the
practice of purchasing elephants at a heavy initial cost for use during the
various festivals in the Devaswoms of die State involved needless loss to
the Government and suggested that it would be more economical to hire
them whenever necessary. This proposal was referred to the other
Division Peishkars for their views. Their replies have been received
and carefully considered by the Government.

OlJDBI! THEREON No. D. 42 43, DATF.ti, Till VAXHF.UM,

8th October 1911.
His Highness’ Government direct that elephants should be pur-
chased only for those Sirkar Devaswoms which have very .frequent use
of the animals in connection with processions. For all other Sirkar
Devaswoms, elephants, should be hired for use.
2. The Peishkars will forward to the Government a statement of
those Sirkar Devaswoms which have very frequent use of elephants, as
well as a statement of the elephants now stationed in the several Sirkar
Devaswoms.
(By order)
A. J. VlEYHA,
Chief Secretary to GoOetnmeni

Extract from G. O. No. i.)■ 3649, dated Trivandrum, 22|23rd

September 1914.
Relating to the better conduct of the Travancore Kattalais in the
Trichandur Temple.

5. It is said that the elephant dedicated to the temple for the Katta¬
lais is now used only on Utsavom days, that it was usual formerly to
let the'animal on hire at Rs. 2 per diem, and that, as the rate of hire
has since been enhanced, no income is now being derived from this
source. The Peishkar therefore recommends that the original rate of
Rs. 2 per diem may, as a special case, be revived in the case of the
elephant stationed at Trichandur. The Government sanction the
Peishkar’s recommendation.
 362

C. O. No. 5080:D. dated 23rd December 1914.

Inspection of Devaswom elephants by Veterinary Inspector during
circuit.
Government approve of yo^r [Director of Agriculture] suggestion
of directing the Veterinary Officers m the Kottayam Division to inspect
the Devaswom elephants stationed in that Division whenever they go on
circut to the places where the animals are stationed. I request that you
will be so good as io arrange with your Veterinary Inspectors for the
Devaswom elephants in the Padmanabhapuram and Quilon Divisions
also being inspected during circuit time. A statement showing the
number of elephants stationed in these two Divisions is sent herewith.

Proceedings of the Gooernmenl °f His Highness the Maha Raja

of Travancore.
Read again :—
(1) G. O. No. 4877'F. and M.'R., dated the 9th December 1916
(2) Sadhanom No. 2392D. 93 of 92 dated the 20th Mithunom
1095, from the Dewan Peishhar, Quilon.
The G. O. read above was as follows:—'* The Government ac¬
cept the view expressed by the Dewan Peishkar, Kottayam, and con¬
curred in by the Conservator of Forests, and they accordingly direct that
the elephants now in the possession of the several Departments, whether
transferred or sold to them, be treated as belonging to those Depart¬
ments. It will be open to all Division Peishfcars and Heads of Depart¬
ments or Officers, who have elephants in their charge, generally to dis¬
pose of any of the elephants by auction, whether their sale is for any
reason necessary, and also their tusks, teeth etc., and credit the sale
proceeds to the Departments or Offices owning the animals. The sanc¬
tion of Government should, however, be obtained before any elephants,
tusks, teeth etc. are brought to sale in any of the Departments.
2. In pursuance of th:s G O., Dewan Peishkar, Quilon, in his
letter read above, has applied (or sanction to sell the tusks of a deceased
elephant.
ORDER THEREON No. 4104/F. and M. R., DATED, TRIVANDRUM,
2xd/I2th October 1920.
The Government consider that the G. O. of 1916, read above,
need revision in regard to the agency that should be employed to effect
the sale of tusks, teeth etc., of deceased elephants. The Forest Depart¬
ment is holding periodical auction sales, and it will help to secure better
 363

prices, if the Department collects the whole ioi and advertises the sale.
The Government accordingly direct that, in future, the Division Peish-
kars and other Heads of Departments and Offices having elephants in
their charge, shall send the teeth, tusks etc., of the animals when dead,
to the Conservator of Forests who shall auction them after due notice.
The sale proceeds of such auctions will be credited to the Departments
concerned, after deducting (10) ten per cent of the safe proceeds by
way of commission, which shall be credited to the Forest Department.

(By order.)

N. Ra.jarama Rao,
Chief S ecreiary l0 Government.

1. All Division Peishkars.

2. Conservator of Forests.
3. The Chief Engineer.
4. The Director of Government Museum and Public
Gardens.
5. The Kariakar, Royal Stables
6. The Account Officer.
7. The Devaswom Section.

Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maharaja

of Travancore.

The Rules dated the 9th August 1911 for the employment and
feeding of trained elephants in the Revenue and Maramath Departments.
The Rules read above contain ihe following provisions—
1. Rule 2. Transfer from one class to another. The transfer of
an elephant from one class to another shall not be made without the
previous sanction of Government.
2. Rule 3. Attendance and their pay. In the case of troublesome
elephants, an assistant mahout or attendant may be appointed, with the
previous approval of Government.
3. Rule 6 Rations of grain and fodder. The sanction of Go¬
vernment should be taken for giving full grain rations to elephants for
period exceeding 30 days a year.
 364

4. Rule 8. Power ol Revenue Officers lo spend money. (1) In

emergent cases, the Division Peishkars can spend a sum of money not
exceeding Rs. 100 for the medical treatment of elephants. In all other
cases, the orders of Government should be obtained.
(2) A monthly report in Form A should be submitted to Go¬
vernment showing the animals that are under medical treatment and that
are actually at work.
5. Rule i2. Register of elephants. A register of elephants should
be kept in each taluk and a copy of the register should be submitted to
Government at the end of each quarter with the remarks of the Division
Peishkar.
Order tiikueon Dis. No. 83 or 22IDevf.i.opmekt, dated
Trivandrum, 7tii January 1922.
His Highness’ Government consider that the powers vested in the
Government under the provision of the rules detailed above may be
delegated to Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner, subject
to budget limits, and order accordingly. They also direct that the
monthly report and quarterly register of elephants due from the Division
Peishkars be forwarded by them hereafter to the Land Revenue Com¬
missioner instead of to Government. The Land Revenue Commis¬
sioner will submit along with his administration report an annual report
to Government regarding the employment, feeding and general condition
of the trained elephants.
(By order)
S. Pauamesivara Iyer
Secretary to Government,

Proceedings of the Government of Mis Highness the Maharaja

Read :—
(1 ) Letter R. O. C. No. 845jTim, of '97 dated the 20th Decem¬
ber 1921, From the Conservator of Forests.
(2) Letter C. No. 20122 dated the ! 1th January 1922 to the Land
Revenue and fncome-Tax Commissioner, Travancore.
(3.i Letter C. No. 200I221L. R,, dated the 22nd May 1922 from
the Land Revenue and Income-Tax Commissioner.
Read again : —
(1) Revised rules dated the 18th June 1905, for the employment
and feeding of trained elephants in the Revenue and Maramath Depart-
 365

The correspondence read above, relates to the revision of the pay

of mahouts on Sirkar elephants. Under the rules now in force, the
mahouts on elephants in the possession of the Land Revenue and Forest
Departments are paid the same rates of pay determined with reference
to the size and capacity for work of the animals they are in charge of.
These rates were fixed so far back as 1080, when the cost of living
was cheaper. Mr. Raman Menon, the late Conservator of Forests had,
in his letter read above, proposed a revision of the present rates of pay
allowed to mahouts as follows :—
Mahouls on. Present pay Proposed pay
Fs. Fs.
(1) I class elephants 55 70
(2) II Do. 50 661
(3) HI Do. 45 63
14) IV Do. 40 56
(5 V Do. 35 56
Assistant Mahouts 35 42
The land Revenue and Income-Tax Commissioner who was con¬
sulted in the matters, also agreed with the Conservator of Forests in
thinking that the rates of pay now allowed to mahouts should be raised
but suggested that the mahouts be classed into four grades with a pay
of Rs. 9, 10. II & 12 respectively.
Order thereon R. Dik. No. 1759 of 22/DEVELonrnNT
dated Trivandrum, 15th July 1922.
Government agree in the views expressed by the Conservator of
Forests and the Land Revenue Commissioner in that the rates of pay
now given to the mahouts on Sirkar elephants are too poor and require
revision and consider that the rates proposed above by the Conservator
of Forests are fair and reasonable. The Government therefore sanction
the above revised rates of pay to the mahouts on the elephants of the
Forests and Revenue Departments with effect from the I st Chingom
1098, the expenditure being charged to contingencies. The rules on
the subject will be modified accordingly.
(By order,)
R. KRISHNA P1LLAI,
Ag. Chief Secretary to Gooernment

G. O. R. Dis. No. 2552 of 22;Development dated 19th Decem¬

ber 1922. Sending of elephants’nails etc. for sale.

With reference to the correspondence ending with your fetter

R. O. C. No. 1760/Mis. of 97, dated the 14th November 1922 re¬
garding the sale by Forest department of tusks etc., sent by other
 366

department; i have the honor to inform you that Government agree with
you in thinking that in future only the tusks and scrivelloes of the
elephants of other Department"1 need be sent to your office (or disposal
and that the practice of sending the nails etc., of dead elephants may
be stopped. The Heads of the Department concerned are being in¬
formed accordingly.

Powers of Deyaswom Officers in regard to feeding of elephants.

proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maha Raja
of Travancore
Read again: —
1. Rules dated the 9th August 1911 for the employment and feed¬
ing of trained elephants in the Revenee and Maramath Departments.
Read also: —
2 G. O, Dis. {vo. 83 of 22iDevelopment, dated the 7th January
1922, delegating the powers vested with Government underrules, 2, 3,
6, 8 and 12 of the above rules, to the Land Revenue and Income-tax
Commissioner.
3. Letter R. O. C. iNo. 1051 of 22, dated the 21st October 1922,
from the Devaswom Commissioner, forwarding proposals for the con¬
trol, custody feeding etc., of the elephants transferred from the Revenue
Department to the Devaswom Department.
Ou»KR THEKBON R. Dl». N. I 6 «Uf 23, DATED TRIVAXOKUM
6!) 1-1-1923.
In hts letter quoted above, the Devaswom Commissioner proposes
that the rules now in force for the employment and feeding of trained
elephants in the Revenue and Maramat Departments may be made
applicable to the elephants belonging to the Devaswom Department and
that the powers and duties entrusted to the Division Peishkars and
Tahsildars may be allowed to be exercised by and attended to by the
Assistant commissioners and Superintendents respectively. This pro¬
posal is sanctioned.
The powers of Government under the provisions of rules Nos. 2>
3, 6, 8 and 12 of the rules datei the 9th August 1911 are delegated to
the Devaswom Commissioner in the same way as in the case of Land
Revenue and Income-Tax Commissioner with the following modifica¬
tions in rule 8 and 12 of the Rules.
Rule 8. In emergent cases, the Superintendent may spend on
account of medical treatment a sum not exceeding Rs. 10 on each
elephant, and the Assistant Commissioner a sum not exceeding Rs. 25
 367

oi (heir own accord without (he previous sanction of the higher author¬
ises. Ihe Devaswom Commissioner is given power to incur expen¬
diture under this head for a sum not exceeding Rs. I 50. The ex¬
penditure should not be incurred unless there is provision for the same
in the Budget.
Rule 12. The Register of elephants prescribed under the rules
dated the 9th August 191! should be maintained in each Devaswom
group office in regard to all elephants stationed in the group. Copies
of these registers should be submitted by the Assistant Commissioners
with their remarks at the end of every quarter to the Devaswom Com¬
missioner. The Devaswom Comm'ssioner will submit along with hie
administration report an annual report to Government regarding the
employment, feeding and general condition of the trained elephants in
his department.
(By order)
S. Pakajuesvara Aiyeb,
S ecretary to Government,

G. O. R. O. C. 256 of 23/G. B. dated 12th April 1923.

Revised pay of Mahouts applicable to Devaswom Elephants.
Government sanction the mahouts on elephants transferred to the
Devaswom Department from the Land Revenue Department being paid
from the 1st Chingom 1098 at the revised rates of pay sanctioned in
G. O. Dis. No. 1 759 of 22 dated the 1 5th July 1922.

G. O., R. O. C. 774 of 23/G. B. dated 17th September 1923.

Rates of hire of elephants sent to Devaswoms from Royal Stables.
aiomoaia iBvarodjffla s>flfli©6seai<tsi aasfamiafcity ^tweJo®
«i®aico^sge0aasio;cil o_ie]TUCej6Bi3aJeJc assets saJojioioii W! alias <w>o
a.Tuicflson s9ai(TU68B§n«56 jiilejoJ ice Q-isl^eiocQ'gD <&ri§cml£j3<irm<®i
a.EgJ >6) flomdastfoo* aj®irtn)s>g_j:j aflaauoaioajusnsrol^jtBJlBi atom;
(S«laej <a®cnd>ag t^ejli^soarmasc AOsraraii^eji^o ^alnaiOeiaraKn aos
cnoaiffimn <aslai“oosgj!aa3 ®rts’nurocnaOdsu (sroaaxyaiastrnrtMajo auo
0 Sj“fu5)a;io(b=3)anbol(oi)co)n» amDo rosn|o ©to siacn<*0o<aa nTxgja-io
i^aDa^o a.o_i 8<ajcosi.^§ .agon alainrusmsOocBa fi5itaol'^.eD>s?jo <ma)ccd«o
■aia ajsiaso gt®so=35)ioj(arra®3n§cnoo casni" ailojtco <tr>l<o32crn£>o]<oi!.g!|
 368

(SV-sxi&oGcaaito pjaaoo-.vpgjaswstoo tsigicnc^o srgoo^teafl co06>ao

cm '•» ■'■»■' mi 33IS6TO: 0040-3121 i3K!ja;cgja(tS?loOia!cftCga CDC6>aO
cm to T^jg.Dysroojo -asusro o6fo.cnoo srcimocaig) e.iiffissruiiast-'OiCrroo ®id
aaj iiTiaai iia ©ma. cuai co3©aomoi:u ®®ood«oocia aJSiaiACgg <si®
aoJ^)Oj3 oi!ss>lj9 af<99.<23*^0 s<aa)5)e3ea;5>i> o^SfartT^igjIoD eio
•».ana> -ii€-ai «®a> «i®aicg(ay|cm <njoco«»)®.i05 «£«jbedkum).34 <@z
•is i;aa <tus5Uj sru®org) ea-iJ'TUJoo-DSni.sjirolmoo tagaaldJscmtmlcffl
aojsrs ogjf-yo^ ©ai^sso axuSjfrrxmieajcSa ngjtffim aTCasasismaa cno
c9>®jt: m-ms,rmcsiwi) «*5|o*9 svgjgTioco m-AojouilcftoSta6>oo«B
cas) _ozg> cr.ctut.-A J3 oabak aiisseo a. js-ca- oxtail® orusuxno
<ismcTi» !99«es>Da'q <m<o>'fthSKr eo5«wri<!d95ns<maAcna.

G. O. Dis. No. 2195 of 23 Development dated ,t}ie 29th Novem¬

ber 1923.
Payment of Batta to Mahouts on Sirkar elephant.

With reference to your letter No. D. A. Fr. 44/5679 dated the

22nd February 1923, regarding payment of batta to mahouts on
Sirkar elephants engaged for decoy work. I have the honor to point out
that the revised rules dated 18th June 1905 and 9th August 1911 regu¬
lating the employment and feeding of trained elephants in the Forest,
Revenue and Miramat Departments contemplate payment of batta to
mahouts when elephants are sent out from head quarters for work be¬
yond a radious of five miles. Your proposal to allow actual expenses
under the Service Regulations instead of batta to mahouts was referred
to the Conservator of Forests, the Devaswom Commissioner and the
Chief Engineer and all of them alike object to the proposed curtailment
and insist on payment of batta as provided by the G. O’s referred to
above. The Government consider that these officers are right, as these
orders which were issued subsequent to'the Service Regulations must be
taken as overriding the latter. Further G. O. Dis. No. 1759/22, dated
1 5th July 1922 relates only to the revision of the pay of mahouts and not
their other emoluments. In these circumstances, 1 request that you will
be so good as to ’withdraw your ohection in regard to the payment of
batta to mahouts in the Northern Forest Division to the extent of
Rs. 13-23-0 in Adi 1097.
 369

No. 23721147,’99.
Office of the Director of Agriculture
and Fisheries, Travancorc,
Quilon, 5th December 1923.
From
The Director of Agriculture and Fisheries,
Travancore.
To
The Devaswom Commissioner,
Travancore.
Sir,
I have the honor to inform you that a good deal of difficulty is
now being experienced by Veterinary officers in the treatment of Sirkar
elephants (or want of detailed information in regard to the Various
ailments and injuries which they have been subjected to from time to
time. To overcome such difficulties in fu’ure it is found absolutely
necessary to maintain a Medical Fiistory Sheet as per terms herein
enclosed. The copy of the report received from the Veterinary Assist¬
ant on the subject is also forwarded herewith for your information, i
request that you will be so good as to arrange for the needful being
done in the matter so far as the elephants of your Department are
concerned.
1 have etc.,
N. Kunmn Pillai,
Director of Agriculture and Fisheries.

Name of the Elephant.

Date of capture. Distinguishing marks.
Place of capture.
Age. History (State whether the animal
Height. has met with any injury or not-
Sex. able accident during or after
capture V
(Here state the diseases the animal has suffered from time to
time a» also the different places where the animal was stationed
with dates).
Names of Mahouts.
Dates.
 370

Fokm B.
Medical History Sheet of Elephant.
Sex.
Date of admission.
Date of discharge.
Disease.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 298 of 24;Development dated 14th February 1924.

Opium for Kabalam.
Government sanction the opium required for the use of Govern¬
ment elephants being purchased from the licensed shop-keepers. The
opium required for the purpose will no longer be issued direct from the
treasuries.

G. o. R. Dis. No. 519/27,'Devl., dated 7th April 1927.

Purchase of toddy arrack required for Elephants belonging to the
Devaswom Department.

. Government sanction the toddy arrack required for

elephants and horses of the P. W. and Devaswom Departments being
hereafter obtained by purchase from the licensed shop-keepers, instead
of from the warehouses.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 947/27'P. W., dated 23rd July 1927.

Exemption from payment of Municipal lolls for Devaswom
elephants.

.As the Devaswom Department is also a p^rt of the

Government, the animals belonging to that Department are entitled to
exemption from payment of Municipal tolls under Section 61, clause 5
of the Municipal Regulation.
 37!

Palace Sadhauam Xo. 7278;«i6i;0l dated L'.>0-1104

Elephant Stafioj.-pil ai Kimiarar.ai’oor.
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gs.u 's?'n-:.6):gj^; sigaTiSj'.

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®cib aj-3>.Qjavj;aai -310:11 .asm-orDc oiacm ®jtu^o ojssorrxmo
oaiiioisa^ d>no AoeJora ao ojoo 0^00,2:03:1) iraiaj;® jupj Gtaeii®
saealsi^s, ag^omas.'gj;co go-iaxa-/ ag_isggons; cna'iorao c>3oTi
cqjas ogjtfcmgg.: oj ooiggA o_g)cnoag. roi raizoigjj.aej qj^'ujs'co oil
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 372

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oojSg-jgftjiw tc.c.nis’^j sag. aeoiTLUsssa"^ i^§o><d6 slai
mj3 m a22i*®111 j a-ajagimaaJdaaio !^sra>(o6 (rfljg‘»'«a>a'-«e-<!fe cuos<a>
JB •.■sa^aaarrE c^wucajugiCQjjnDiwoasnocnoo, ffiraflei ®6ti§oa(g cni
can..^ji-ga® oaic^ d»,iaai3<j!j, ssficoaorMsi®,swan?aooo, oiocr\i«eaio4
(oo, agjo.^aoc®A ^rrni 15505134° eSmm.udroaki&jQga Boi®o <m$.6r@;[o6
ZjaimjEraroi^ oj jSca^soaro srec&.gjoroi amlcsic<&rmaMasrocroo
S2»is& 'd=®35 s'.airrusseaiffieuo aoo, m»«sfeo<b ceaimu6sealaaio is®
aicg;ffly=cTT!auafiio sreaskv? a.'3®3®''i‘9s>3s99 ^<sflgj<e>o aiosca 6>ce,o§
caa«ii.'B>:®«norBo stereo) a'Uesaso, g.5®o6n2«flao4 «occ®«» cn^jaajo
afi) cr^taaf 6'3s>5r&(G!3®smcKo -sigmo^ a^sLialg^cOTaeg-jcOo esjoejla-ai
Sgfaaiai o_i: = ss.(<JioOgja'Oj Moacmjss cebsofflroaioooejo isigmaas ansi
oJ,s g-j ascmm etcno Q®g>.maa]^1cr5^oa® aoa^ essaaj^&CoaAao
aa-ieccoTf osionb OLJDcg&rKfflgjCnao aolo&iiaaJicSsiaso a.oi(gocK>a&ffl(S>
mo-i a.T)cA.iii(TD_oaffi(rjcaj9!ni aid>g£ .ooj-oona- n^yanlaai aaojsl 04
cm ro caa.Tn onaiao tmi.osacnggol® !^<w;aato8ooaMo'caTOfoT'icragiT^o cds
swi'jjooi sacaoja^ sgjoo nian;(oi<sacns.
Ss&i'^'0©*)30 anoau'gajaa!* oiocaljy 5SoimjJ6*a2laai6mfi)
ariai<i.*aa e^Oog*} ^ ai^cssoe.-usroo. aa®-fejcg(ld0s nruamcoo nQ
Sfralxj

a*o|o®o (YudioaolAo^joMcxb,
a<fl), moftocaemttiiajsrfeoftli
«0„o 0 »’ «2iSo a.@-o0aa-.
 373

G. O. R. Dis. No. 1079 30/Rev. dated the 26th September '30.

Sending of elephants in connection with Pallikkettu ceremonies in
Palaces.

With reference to your !e“er R. O. C. No. 2731.30 dated the

27th June 1930, regarding the hiring cf elephants in connection with the
Pallikkettu ceremony in the Aranmuia Chempakasseri Kottaram, I have
the honor to inform you that, in the chcumstances stated. Government
sancton the expenditure of Rs. ; 30 thirty incurred on account of the
hiring of elephants for the purpose feeing met from ‘38 nvscelianeous
political expenditure ' in the State Budget. 1 request tint you will be
so good as 'o draw the amount, as on the last occas on. Ly debit to this
item and credit to !he Devasworn Fund.
2. in this connection 1 am to irform you that su.h requisitions from
Palace should fee complied with by the supply cf clepfean's belonging to
the Devaswcm Department only ana that, as far as possible, elephants
should not be hired for the purpose The palace Sadhanom clearly
indicates that elephants belonging to the Devaswom Department should

G. O. R. Dis. No. 404:32.L, G. A. dated the 9th July 1932.

Issue of Toll gate Passes to Sirkar elephants.

With reference to your letter No. 129, dated the 7th September
1931, re: issue of toll gate passes for elephants owned by Government,
I have the honour to inform you that instructions are being issued to all
the Departments having Sirkar elephants to issue passes, as per sample
form enclosed, to be shown at toll gates when such elephants are
taken through them.

(Enclosure)
Serial No.
Toll-gare Pass for elephant.
Government of Travancore,
.. ., Department.
Name of elephant.
Sex of elephant.
Place where it is stationed,
Marks of identification.
Name of mahout.
Issuing Officer.
Designation.
Date..
Station.
 374

G. O. R. Dis. No. 320,32'Dev. da!ed the 21 si July 1932.

Loan of Devaswom Elephants to Sreepadom Temples.
With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 6180/31, dated the
31st May 1932 re: the loan of elephants from the Scheduled Devas-
woms for use in some temples belonging to the Sreepadom Palace, I
have the honour to inform you that, in the circumstances stated. Govern¬
ment sanction your recommendation to the effect that it would be enough
if Devaswom elephants are sent for use in she Sreepadom temples
when they are not required for processions etc. in Scheduled Devas-

2. As regards the Account Officer’s objection with respect to the

sum of Rs. 20 incurred from the Devaswom Fund for hiring elephants
for use in the Koduraon Devaswom belonging to Sreepadom Palace
instructions are being issued to the Account Officer to withdraw the
objection as the expenditure was incurred in pursuance of the standing
orders of Government.

CHAPTER XVI.
MANAGEMENT OF DEVASWOM BY PRIVATE AGENCY.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 623/34/Dev. dated the ilth Sep'ember 1934.

Rules for management of Devaswoms by Private Agencies.

With reference to the correspondence resting with your letter R. O.

C. No. 251 1/32, dated the 15th August 1934, re: revision of the Rules
for the management of Minor and Petty Devaswoms by Private Agencies,
I have the honor to inform you that Government approve the draft revised
rules forwarded with your letter R. O. C. No. 251 i/32, dated 12-6-
1933, with the modification that the word “such’’ be inserted before
the word “person” in line 1 of rule (2). Government also sanction the
rules as now revised being incorporated in the Devaswom Manual.
Rules,
1. The Management of a Minor or Petty Devaswom may on the
recommendation of the Devaswom Commissioner, be sanctioned to be
looked alter by an Agent, Vvho shall be a respectable and competent
Non-Official inhabitant of the locality interested in the welfare of the
Devaswom and willing to undertake the work honorarily and who is not
jn any way connected with any of the subordinates of the temple.
2. When there are more than one such person in a locality, the
Devaswom Commissioner shall ordinarily nominate one among them to be
 375

the Agent : but if in the opinion of the Devaswom Commissioner the

interest of the Devaswom concerned would he better served by the ap¬
pointment of a committee of such persons a; Agents, he may recommend
the formation of such a commit'ee provided, however that no such com¬
mittee shall consist of more than three persons one of them being nomi¬
nated Chairman.
3. The appointment of an Agent or committee when sanctioned by
Government will be notified in the Government Gazette.
4. No agent so appointed shall be removed or a committee dissolved
without the sanction of Government.
5. An Agent or member of a committee shall ordinarily hold office
(or a term of three years. The Government may however without
assigning any reason remove an .Agent or member of a committee before
the expiry of his term and appo.nt a subsfiute if they think lit to do so.
An Agent or member may resign beiore the expiry of the full te. m of
three years but such resignation will take effect only after it is accepted
by Government.
6. The Government may, without assigning any reason terminate
the management of any Devaswom through an Agent or committee.
7. When an Agent or comm.ttee is appointed to look after the
management of a Miner or Petty Devaswom, the Superintendent of the
Group to which the Devaswom "belongs shall arrange for the sanctioned
Pathivus of the Devaswom, except the pay of the contingent staff, being
disbursed to the Agent or Chairman of the commi tee by the Sub-Group
officer on proper vouchers as provided in Rule 12 ( I ] and place the
contingent employees of the Devaswom under the orders of such Agent
or committee.
8. It shall be the duty of the Agent or committee.
(a) to have the daily and occasional ceremonies of the Devas¬
wom conducted properly and in time.
(b) to secure the co-operaLon and aid of the public for the
improvement of the temple buildings and appurtenances and the
ceremonies therein.
(c. to carry out all instructions issued by ihe Superintendents
and other controlling officers of the Devaswom Department and
(d) to refrain from doing anything repugnant to the interests of
the Devaswom or the Department or the worshipping public
9. It shall not be competent to the Agent or committee without
obtaining the specif.c sanction of the Government; —
to effect modifications in Pathivus sanctioned for the Deva-

(h to erect new buildings on the Devaswom sites and

Cc) to lease the ground or trees standing thereon.
 376

10. The restoration of the Devaswom buildings tanks and other

appurtenances to the Devaswom may be undertaken by the Agent or
committee with the sanction cf the Devaswom Commissioner on condi¬
tions which may be agreed upon in each case and according to the rules
sanctioned for the restoration of Minor and Petty Devaswoms.
11. It shall be competent to the Agent or Committee.
<a> to punish the Santhikaran and other subordinates of the
Devaswom borne on the contingent establishment with fine, such fine not
exceeding Chuckrsms -1 tour, or half the daily emoluments in kind at a

l) io grant leave not exceeding seven 'days and make arrange¬

ments for the conduc1 of work without involving additional expenditure.
rc> to recommend any punishment or leave to any subordinate of
the Devaswom to the competent officer of the Department.
12. It shall be the duty of the Chandiram or Srikariam in charge of
the Sub-Group to which the Devaswom is attached: —
(ij to ob'ain the paddy and provisions required for the poojas in
the Devaswom and entrust them to the Agent after caking the necessary
vouchers.
<ii two draw and disburse the pay of the contingent staff,
(iii) to have the cus'odyof all valuables of the Devaswom,
fiv; to be in responsible charge of all items of revenue,
(vt to maintain correct accounts and furnish the Superintendent
with the prescribed returns and
(vij to attend to all other items of work connected with the Devas¬
wom except that of supervising the actual conduct of ceremonies which
will be attended to by the Agent or committee.
13. In the conduct of the daily or occasional ceremonies the duty
of the Sub-Group Officer consists in arranging for the supply of the
necessary articles under Para 12 (i;,
14. Disciplinary action against the employees in the Devaswom (paid
from contingencies) should be taken by the Agent or committee and not
oy the Sub-Group Officer. The Sub Group Officer may however report
o the Superintendent against any employee whose conduct is found to be
not satisfactory.
 ill

CHAPTER XVII.

STATE CHARITIES.

G. O. No. 6400, dated the 7th June 1903. Benares Satrom Charities.
Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maharaja of
T raoancore.
Several complaints of mismanagement of the charities at Benares
having been received against the Slrkar Agent, Ganapathi Sastri, and
the Agent having failed to submit proper accounts for the amounts
advanced to him for the conduct of the charities, Government deputed
Mr. Harihara Iyer, Assistant Secre'ary to Government, on special
duty in December 1907 to hold an enquiry into the whole question of
the management of the charities and to adjust the Agent’s claims on the
spot. Mr. Harihara Iyer accordingly held a thoroigh enquiry, exa¬
mined all the available accounts, registers and other records up to .date
and submitted his reports to Government. It was found that the Agent
was guilty of numerous irregularities and after deducting all the liabili¬
ties against him. Government sanctioned a sum of Rs. (1,758-3-9)
one thousand seven hundred and fifty eight, annas three and pies nine
being paid to him in full satisfaction of all his claim on the 1st April
1908. Mr. Harihara Iyer has paid this amount and obtained and
forwarded a detailed acknowledgment from the Agent.
2. In his final report dated 8th May 1908, read above, Mr. Hari¬
hara Iyer has submitted proposals as to how the Agent Ganapathi Sastri
should be dealt with for the irregularities found against him and what
reforms should be effected to ensure the better management of the
charities in future.
Obdek thereon No. 6400 dated Trivandrum, 7th Junto 1908.
1. Removal of the Agent. As a result of the enquiry held by him,
Mr. Harihara Iyer has reported that the Agent Ganapathi Sastri has .
been guilty of grave misconduct and that, in the interests of the proper
working of the charities in future, it is necessary to remove him and
appoint a competent and reliable person in bis stead. The Agent is
according to his own admission 58 years old and has put in a service of
33 years, of which 11 £ years was inferior service. Though he has been
guilty of grave dereliction of duty, Mr. Harihara Iyer has recom¬
mended that, in consideration of the Agent’s long service and his
present straitened circumstances, Government may be pleased to deal
with him leniently and grant him a compassionate allowance in the
shape of a monthly stipend.
 378

Government aonrove ot Mr. Hanhara Ivor's recommendation and

sanrt’on the remora! of the Agent. Ganapatov Sastri, and the grant
of 1 P- nth! t nd h G a'-a* i S ttt l.fc f cr, continue
in of'ioe until h* is relievers bv irse new Aflfent. The compassionate
alio *a-cc , a ah'e to II lc «rt 1 f* l h- 1 nas c\rr charge to

2 Appointment r.t n netn Atenl Mr. Hanhara Iyer proposes that

a cash security of Bn. Rs. • 3 -0] hve hundred be fixed for the Agent’s

probation. Ransa Iver. clerk m the office of the Adviser to Govern-

Aaent in the place oi Ganspathv basin on probation lor a year. He

will 'urn h a c 1 , eti ty of Eh Rs 0( fit' nundied
3. Recmcn of Inc existing palntai. The annual grant now paid
on account of tre cnarities ;n an ordinary year or 36o days with a single
New Pvlcon dav .n each month :s Rs. 4.191 as. 14 ps. 3 a year.
Mr. Har.nara fver na; recommended an additional gram of Rs. 54-9-4
or contingent anc o.her expenses. This is sanctioned. This will raise
the total allotment on account of the charities a’ Benares to
Rs. 4,• four thousand two hundred and forty six. annas seven
and ptes seven as per details shown m Appendix !. The annual grant
is now, being advanced to the Agent in two half-yearly instalments.
This practic is objectionable and shall now cease. In future the Agent
will be allowed a permanent advance of_Bh. Rs. (5001, from which
all expenditure should be incurred. 1 he amount of the advance may
be recouped by the Agent from time to time on submission of proper
accounts supported by vouchers for expenses incurred.
4, Revision of the staff and pay. The following recommenda¬
tions made by Mr. Hsrihara Iyer under ibis head are sanctioned:—
•d< to dispense with the additional cook entertained in Kartigai
1083 and out of the savings of Rs. 5, to give an increase of Rs. (2) two
to the Accountant and Re. :-J one half to each of the three cooks and
.to held the balance of Rs. (If) one and a half in reserve for future

'.b: to fix a cash security of Bb. Rs. (100) one hundred lot the
Accountant's place ; die present accountant who is willing to furnish the
security being continued in office and confirmed in his place after the
expiry of six months.
c to retain the other members of the staff in their present
places and.
id) to pay the salaries of the whole staff in British currency.
The strength and pay of the Agent's establishment thus revised
will be a* shown in Appendix 2.
 379

5. Puja tn Sri I'tstcesaar temple. ALhishckom and puja in the

'(fiifle ■'l 1-n- -e l ■ db ■ - -uni. n L)Uu‘i. Th-
exiting path ‘i . i j < t i ir - i . ] p i d > Kr Dal h.na and
3 pie foi ± l1 91 i’ I ,nl . ! n a dav
for Swansapushnam to be men to As i-andah ir. ‘.he temple. Mr. Han-
han Ivcn-p t» t1--' t’ * 1 a 1 H H ‘o fwa d ebu--*-d „v the
Agent from ’ <• - ai] b,‘ ' m h - o-V i, -cco-g-t - m ‘ V-n-nehom
and \ ji , i h-"-. n t th ut a-» - ~t , cf t' - U hit"!
name or asv voucher fc\-,ra hi:n. Government crrec: that the Dikshitar s
name fcs enrolled m tr , - ‘aV Vr. t and . at1’ apr-jn'r-eit
l--st w d Cj er-"1 l as that of the Gave, and Pra yaga waits. The
Agent should ;n futu: e pnv the Dibiiitar in advance each month the
amounts due on accoi nt of S"'ar-ao'‘ shpam and tor’’ bringing Ganges
water Ti ra,.' -,r< other pro-.-■vow ter tiro pus.a mav, as hitherto, be
-lfpGd b t’r< ‘ to d i laru ion or cert ficaie showing their
pr a a, pi h' j e obta.ned from the Dikshitar and submitted by
the Agent along wth h -^nt !’ acr:ounts. The Agent should also
take the receipt o! the Dikshitar in the acquittance roll tor the Dakshina
paid to him each month.
6 Feeding m the Satrom. The number of persons intended to be
fed in the Satrom each dav according to the oa-hivu is 44 and the daily
allowance per Head comes ;o about 21 as. Having regard to the high
prices ct provisions ruling m the market, Mr. Harihara fyer thinks that
it is not possible with the available fund* to feed more than 34 persons
each day. This number 54/ may therefore be taken as the average
number to be daily fed in the Satrorr, until the prices fall. The Agent
should in future submit periodical reports showing the fluctuations in the
prices of provisions.
Another suggestion made by Mr. Harihara Iyer is about the desir-
ability of arranging the supply of provisions to the Sa!rom through con¬
tractors engaged for the purpose. The new Agen' Rangien will make
careful enquiries and report to Government how far this suggestion can
be carried out.
7. Accounts and Audit. The following proposals made by
Mr. Harihara Iyer in regard to the maintenance and submission of ac¬
counts are approved and sanctioned : —
(o'- that the accounts of the provisions &c., supplied daily should
be kept in the improved form suggested by him and that they should be
submitted to Government daily by book-post duly attested by the Agent
and the Accountant;
<b' that the accounts of price; of provisions, abstract of receipts and
disbursements and the acquittance roll should be continued bus main¬
tained in the improved form adopted by Mr. Harihara Iyer during
 380

Thyo Masi and Panguni and that these should be submitted to Gov¬
ernment with the necessary vouchers on the 2nd of each succeeding
month. The Agent should see that all payments made to illiterate per¬
sons are attested by a respectable witness ;
'c) that, in addition to the Harji Register now kept, a new
register of all orders received by the Agent should be opened and main¬
tained in future;
(dj that the account showing the price of each article for the
whole year and the Masanfhakurippu now kept be dispensed with, as
serving no useful purpose ;
'e) that along with the monthly accounts the Agent should sub¬
mit f I) a return of fines imposed by him (2) a return of leave granted
by h;m and t'3) a certificate from the person performing Abhishekom and
puja in Viswesivar temple as to the proper supply of provisions for the

■'/ that the accounts submitted by the Agent be audited and

passed in the Central Account and Audit Office.
The Agent should submit the daily and monthly accounts pres¬
cribed above on the due dates to the address of the officer in charge of
the Central Account and Audit Office.
8. Powers and duties of the Agent. The following rules defining
the powers and duties of the Agen: proposed by Mr. Harihara Iyer are
sanctioned:—
(1' the Agent will be directly responsible to Government for the
proper conduct of the charities, the safe custody of all moneys and Sjrkar
articles in the Sa'rom the proper maintenance of the Sirkar buildings,
the making of timely payment to the Gaya and Prayagwalis and the
supply of provisions for puja in Visweswar temple and the rendering of
correct and proper accounts for ail payments made or expenses incurred
by him.
(2: He is empowered to appoint and dismiss the Kotwal, the cooks
and the sweeper and fine the other servants of the Satrom staff to the
extent of one-fourth of their pay each month for proved misconduct, the
nature of the misconduct and the amount of fine imposed being explained
in the monthly return to be submitted by the Agent.
(3) He shall disburse the pay of the establishment and take their
receipts in the acquittance roll.
The appointment and dismissal of the accountant, Kalavara-
karan and the peon attached to the Satrom and the Pujari of the Vis¬
weswar temple will rest with Government.
 38!

(5) The Agent, the Kalavarakaran, the Accountant and the peon
will be allowed 15 days’ casual leave in a year. They cannot be
granted any other leave except when the tame can be done without
additional expense.
'6' The Agent may avail himself of casual leave'net exceeding two
days at a time provided he does not leave the station (Benares).
(7) It shall be competent to the Agent to grant casual leave not
exceeding 5 days at a time to the Kalavarakaran, the Accountant and
the peon. No leave shall be granted to the rest ol the staff unless their
work could be arranged without extra expenditure.
(8) The Agent, the Accountant, the Kalavarakaran and the peon
shall each maintain a service book.
(9) The Agent shall maintain the registers and accounts in the
forms prescribed and submit the returns specified in para 7 on the due
dates.
9. Use of the Dhatmasala buildings. As regards the Dharmasala
building near the Satrom, Mr. Harihara Iyer proposes that it be either
given out on a monthly rent or allowed to be occupied by the cooks or
other servants of the Satrom staff. He also says that, in either case, a
branch waterpipe from the adjoining main pipe in the street has to be
provided for water-supply to the building at a cost not exceeding
Rs. 30 (thirty). The idea ol renting out the Sirkar building does not
commend itself to Government. The new Agent will report how the
building could be best utilized. He will also obtain from the Munici¬
pality and forward an estimate for the fitting up of a water-pipe as
suggested.
10. In his memorials read above, Ganapathy Sastri complains about
the enquiry held by Mr. Harihara Iyer and prays for the refund of the
amounts under certain heads ordered to be recovered from his dues.
Government see no reason to interfere. The petitions are rejected.

G. O. No.-D. 1748 dated 11th May regarding State charities.

Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maha Raja
of Tracancore
Towards the close of 1904, the then Financial Adviser,
Mr. El R. Subroyer, brought to the notice of Government the absence
of any systematic financial control over the expenditure on Devaswoms
and Oottupuras. He pointed out that a detailed scale of expenditure
was not available in a complete and handy form, and that adequate
check was not being exercised over the details of the expenditure. He
added that the existing pathivus had been fixed long ago, that they
required thorough revision, that, in some of the institutions, only the
original sanctioned rates were being allowed, while in others, the saving
 382

f, „ J (, n i
ilt,
1
ub r jicl iu( fcr ig iLov rj
list! ant \
l c. utili d o meet
ih ’ 1 e n auctioned.
( „ , n i J Ihi i IV i vl 1 kiu Pll> s ap-imted
l C- 1 r m ! b ri \ .t, -in -d kcoiplat-ono icom-
prehensile scale oi e.xoead.tuiy 101 Dei c.orn.- uiio Oottupu. a».
2 TV- expenditure on account ol :"unhcarory Ceremonies in
temples, consequent upon pollutions, waa atiothd fluctuating item
n»;.Jtov am(tnahf« 'o b>'doef control nor regulated bv anv fixed standard.
J}»a l0«atiiv nj recovering bv siimmarv wocess the cost of Punbcatory
Cei i>u “• f m c. hu tci v i k q (j! lo »e J To chec' tk re¬
ports oi the Devastvora subordinates about pollutions, and also the
expenditure |or I'unHcatorv Ceremonies submitted bv the 1 antries,
Government considered it necessary to lay down definitely what con-
«*jt.|ted pollution m temples and tanks and what ceremonies should be
performed lor their purification. Mr. Ramier, «. a. and r..
Assistant to the Peishkar. Trivandrum division, was hrs. deputed to in¬
stitute enquiries and repori on the subject m consulta.ion wnh the
several Tantries and Santies But unfortunately he died in the midst
of his work, and Mr. N. Rajaram Row, n. a., Assistant to the Peishkar,
Kottayam division, was appointed in his place to continue and complete
the work.
3 Both Messrs. Chembagaraman Pillai and Raiaram Row submitted
the.r reports in the beginning of 1907. Though their reports contained
valuable information, they were more or less of a preliminary nature,
and further investigation appeared to Government necessary before
definite ; nd finai orders could be passed.
4. It was accordingly resolved by Government to depute an officer
of superior status and qualifications to investigate and report upon the
numerous and complicated problems involved in the administration of
State Charities and Devaswoms, with a view to “enable Government to
bring the expenditure in respect of this institutions under budget control
and audit” and to work the institutions “without ehher waste or mis¬
appropriation on the one hand or failure of the objects intended on the
other”. Mr. M. K. Ramaehandra Row, u. a. & b. l., Puisne Judge
of the High Court, was selected by Government for the special work,
and he entered upon his duties on 20th May 1907. He was also fur¬
nished with a memo of points for investigation.
5. Mr. Ramaehandra Row submitted his report in May, 1908.
6. In August 1908, a Conference of Peishkar.s was held in the
Public Offices, Trivandrum, under the presidency of the Dcwan, to
consider the reports of Mr. Ramaehandra Row. The recommendations
made by Mr. Ramaehandra Row in regard to the reorganisation of the
institutions were discussed at length and the views of the several.
Peishkars were recorded.
 383

3 It f f«I ’ A ! c r i <--ri 's', r l> -eta Ro\ has

dea't w tl ‘V ci - pf r« rfi t r „ t t ^ , Cl I 2er' -oun*i e«,
lie has traced the causes which have lea to me difference of ideats in
the dispensation or charitv between Etifcoean countries ana India, he
has shown hew the nomination ci the priestlv classes has influenced the
restriction os the scope oi charities and he has explained why the gift of
food is the most meritorious form of char-tv. Then he has proceeded to
explain the considerations m support ct the Ootupuras of Travancore,
how they were caned imo existence to suit society as it existed from
time unir.etr.oncl. and what a serious mistake it would be to totally
abolish Oo:tupi:ras ar.d thus '-turn adrift a large body of men belonging
to an intellectual race, who are generally persons without anv means or
professional occupation. He has recorded his opinion that, in the case
of endowed Oottupuras at least, abolition should not be thought of.
With a view to ascertain whether the Oottupuras of Travancore have
not been allowed to deflect from their original purpose, and whether it
could have been the intention of the founders to feed gratbitously not
only the travellers but also :he resident population, Mr. Ramachandra
Row has examined the origin and history of these institutions, and he
has arrived at the conclusion that, in spite of the declarations of Dewans
Krishna Row, Seshlah Sastri and Ramiengar, that the Octtus were
originally intended only for the benefit of Brahmin travellers, there were
reasons to believe from the high padicus fixed, from the institution of
Anchu-Sadyas and of Dham.a Ccrjee to the resident poor, and from
uninterrupted practice, that the resident poor of the Brahmin community
were also intended to benefit bv gratuitous feeding in Oottupuras - aj^,
least in such of them as give more than one meal a day. ..r'
4. His Highness’ Government do not now propose to follow
Mr. Ramachandra Row into the origin of the institutions, the intention
 384

of their founders, etc. They recognise that curtailment of expenditure

is necessary in regard to them, but they feel that complete abolition is
at the present stage not feasible.
5. Under the head of charitable institutions, are now included not
only Oottupuras, but also'Conjee-houses, Thanncerpandals, Bhatta-
danams, Easwara-Sevas, Dharmapullu, Othoottus, Chatrams outside
Travancore, etc.
6, Taking first the Oottupuras, 41 of them were being maintained
within the State at the close of ! 082, exclusive of the Oottupura at the
Capital known as the Agrasala, 35 were Vazhi Oottus and 6 were
Devaswom Oottus. The 41 Oottus are classified below:—
 385

7. Mr. Ramachandra Row has proposed the complete abolition of

the (1) Anchal, (2) Punalore, !3) Elamannoor, (4) Paravoor and
(5) Pallam Oottus, as being unnecessary, and he has also proposed
the substitution of a few Namaskarams, in the place of the Oottus, at
(?) Aryankavu, (2) Aranmula, (3) Velinalloor, (4) Kothakulangara,
(5) Kalavoor, (6) Perumbavoor and (7) Estumanoor. All the re¬
maining Oottus he has proposed to continue. Mr. Ramachandra Row
considers, the Oottus at Veeralam and Kazhakuttara as least useful of
those he proposes to continue, but he has not propesed their closure,
“ consistently with the intentions of the founder.’’ The Oottu at Paras-
saia he has found unnecessary, but he has recommended its retention as
being an endow ed institution. So also the Ootus at Tiruvaloor and
Parur are proposed by him to be retained. The Kattathura Oottu, has
been recommended for retention as a momento of Ramien Dalava.
The Kottarakara Oottu, though situated on the railway line, Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row has not proposed to close, as it is the halting place for
railway passengers proceeding from the east to the in'erior taluks.
8. His Highness' Government have carefully considered the recom¬
mendations of Mr. Ramachandra Row in regard to the reduction in the
 3S6

nutter of Oottucuras, and after consultation with the Peis'hkars, they

have nh^ 'dv orch;-< d the closure of the following Ooitus

Government have also already ordered the pathicu of the Aryan-

kavu Ootiii being reduced to 5.(WO fanams (Rs. 714-Chs. 8) per
annum. Government consider that the remaining Oot’us should be
maintained, h o endovcea Oottu should be closed. But it is recog¬
nised that the cxpcnciture in regal'd to an endowed Oottu should not
ordinal''-'-'-' exceed the revenue from the endowment. The Peishkars
should keep this in view, when submu'ing revised palhivus for the
institutions.
9. For dealing with th“ question of the revision of ihe palhivus, it
is first necessary to analyse tt.e several items which now go to make up
the expenditure on these institutions. Besides the allotment for the
daily feeding of Brahmins, known as ! azkt-Oeliu, the expenditure in
Oot'upuras includes the followin'?:—Anchu-Sadya, by which is meant
special roasts raven on c t • the two Dwadasis, the full moon and
new moon days and the Thiruvcnam dav. every month, (2) Dharma-
Conjce, generally given to poor people, (3) Pakkom which is the ex¬
penditure for the feeding of the servants of the Oottus and other
establishments, and includes besides the rice and provisions, allowances
for oil-batli, chewing, beaten rice, tender cocoanuts and plantains on
special days, 4 S Wayampakam or doles, some consisting of rice and
provisions and others of rice only given to Gosayees and Brahmins who
have conscientious objections to eat in the Oottupuras, (5i Allowances
to Patcir&Koppukvrs which are fixed allotments of rice and provisions,
(6i Allowances to KcppiUaihai'ars, which are rice doles only, (7) Sup¬
plies to Pokkwaralh‘hats, such as the Swamiyar and other travellers of
consequence, wnc receive fixed alio:ments of rice and provisions etc.,
8f Vazhicl.iis, which is the expenditure incurred on account of the
supply of rice and provisions to officers and other persons holding scripts
issued from.the Palace, i9> Baltadanam, or the feeding of a number
of Namburi Brahmins and making donations to them, (10) Thirunal-
Sadya, i, e.. His Highness the Maharaja’s birthday feast (If) Alla-
Vkesham special annual feasts for Thiruvonaur, Sivaratri, Vishu,
 3»/'
, _ , . _ t1. o !. i S^ta-Pnthi. rhee-
Nira and Puthart, Samvatlu-FW, (12)
yatta and other mucciusv-o-- l-*— *.r^.^iu m-n=«for siray
J 15 Eamrc
cattle 14 D,.a .lop, <■*, f * <■, c t ^ L, i - n-a for 3rs a-
■5ao*, under wLcn .» ^cu-e- --r- Ka-.t,:r.Homam, Vavu-
PntK, G rv-patS-Ho.-n t , /! "h- .t, c- , ^ a-Poo - Sala-
Homam or Tiia-. .omam* kvxi j£ PQrJa-hiTappu,
grama-Pcoja^ Namassaiom. ~*az Mr..,c.j„a with the
which covei the fci.p--n«es cut cop, a" i - ■ - „ .• { ,,xcen!l,5ure.
Navara.hu fe^ti.al, a.ra ,1 / T..anu i ' • -■ rs.,a;-djng the re-

elected >o ietai»:. Tne^ in-uuc.oi

which will be considered separately.
10 (1) Danu m-al In aeal;y " ‘h ,*%£, c t * ‘ J^to
the points which require con-.ide--.n n a na-ure of the scale

feeding tn Oottupuias Sireai asau > ^ .Vculd si so keep out

who accompany the camp of =“?■“*• i - ; ' op-.njon n0i only the
traders and shop-keepers from OoHupra ** X* also, is with-
bona fide Brahmin traveller, but the need hi ideal v -s
in the scope of the Oottupura, The m bonaj^ ^ ^ ^ &
to Mr. Ramachandra R*o to b ° , from the Oottu,
traveller as one who comes from - d tone > j Mr. Rama.
provided he » not a&rkar h ’ 1 ‘l0I°,ne tahsildar to make a
chandra Rows opinion it_should be a > Peishbrs agree
list of the absolutely destitute. t Hool-childreii should not
with Mr. Ramachandra Row n ‘o[ ffp;fl:on that, if
be fed inOottupuras, and a"^n.V ttl work to the
such feeding is to be allowed, = fe=d'ng to all classes of
Educationa! De^tnwnl and peishkars in regard
children. There is dJterence P nOn„iaf0n Sirkaf servants, trad-

2£lyptrTt E several Oottupura stations.

 388

12- Hu Holiness' Government consider that the feeding of school-

children in Ottupura should be discontinued. The practice of Sirkar
servnn'*- B.ahnuns. quarter .ng themselves on the Oottupuras, whether
at'heir bea-ionariers or wh le on tour, should be stopped If the pay
or the iraveh n" allowance of any Sirkar servant is considered in-
ariequ-'t-?, the remedv ts to apply for the enhancement of such pay or
allowance- hut rot to perm,; vicarious additions to the numbers fed in
the Cotupuras. Brahmin traders and shop keepers should also be ex¬
cluded Bona fide frahmm travellers have the first claim to be fed at
the Coitus- !r. regard to the resident Brahmin population, the question
nf then' treatment is a difficult one. The task of working out a list of ithe
descrvjia poor m?.v not be so easy as Mr. Ramachandra Rao and the
Per hkars appear to think. After a careful consideration of the whole
question. Government direct the palhitP of each Oottu should be revis¬
ed—so far as the daily feeding is concerned—so as to provide for bona
fuse travellers. pius tnose local residents who have been long depending
upon the Gotius. who are too poor and infirm to provide themselves
with food in any other way and whom it would be cruel to throw adrift
suddenly.
13. (2; Number of meals to be gioen. Mr. Ramachandra Row
has proposed that three meals might be given to travellers in Oottupuras
with a dally allotment of over one para of rice and one meal in others.
He has also suggested that the feeding might be kept open tiff 12 noon
and 8 P- m. for the miming and evening meals respectively. The
majority' of the Peishkars agree with him. but some think that a hard and
fas; rule should not be made that the matter should be left to the dis¬
cretion cf the local officers and the travellers. Government do not
however consider it advisable to leave the question of the number of
meals to the discretion of the local officers. But they feel that the
number of meals to be given should be determined with reference
to the class of people fed and to the number of meals per diem now
served in any particular Oottu. In the list given in para 6 above, the
number of meals now given by each Oottu is shown. In Oottus which
now give two meals per diem, two meals may be continued for bona fide
travellers, in Cottus however which now give only one meal per diem
only one meal need be given them. In regard to the resident poor,
who now wholly depend on the Oottus and who are too old and too poor
to shift fer themselves the question of the number of meals does not
ar se. An atte mpt should be made to prepare lists of these ‘people and
the paib'xvs should Le so fixed as to meet their wants as well as those of
bona fide travellers, care however being taken that the lists are not
recklessly added to.
14. (3j The nature of the scale of provisions to be fixed.
Mr. Ramachandra Row has proposed the fixing of a money pathiou for
provisions other than rice and the laying down of a rigorous rule that the
scale once fixed should be adhered lo. The present excessive expendi¬
ture is, in many cases, due. in Mr. Ramachandra Row's opinion, to
unauthorised changes in the pathivu. Mr. Ramachandra Row has also
animadverted on the practice of local officers meeting the charges for
unauthorised innovations, by utilising lunds sanctioned for other purposes
without recording the latter in the accounts, and thus maxing the ac¬
counts a wrong record of the actual charges incurred. Hence the
necessity, in Mr. Ramachandra Rows opinion, for fixing a money scale
“ for provisions other than rice,” and adhering to it strictly. Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row proposes, for provisions, a scale of 21 chs for an ordinary
rice meal and of 16 chs. for conjee for one para ot rice. All the
Peishkars agree to the fixing of money pathicus. All except one also
approve ol the rates proposed by Mr Ramachandra Row.
15. Government fear that the unauthorised revisions of paihicus at
times by local officers is ptobably answerable for the excessive expendi¬
ture in many Ootius. Government concur with Mr. Ramachandra Row
that money pathivUs should be fixed in future for provisions (other than
rice) for each Oottu. They also consider that the rates proposed by
him for the purpose are suitable. It is noted, however, that Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row has not raised the question of fixing a money pathiou for
rice. Government think that a money pathivu is quite as necessary in
this case as in the case of other provisions. The fixing of a money
allotment, both for rice and for other provisions, for each Oottu, would
alone bring the expenditure on Oottupuras under proper control.
"What exactly the money allotment for each Oottu should be is a matter
of detail, which should be worked out by each Peishkar for the Oottus
under his control in accordance with the instructions now issued. For
provisions other than rice, the rales proposed by Mr. Ramachandra Row
may be adopted. For rice the Peishkars should propose a reasonable ra e,
having in view the actual expenditure incurred during the five yeirs
ending with 1083 and also the contract rates for 1 034.
16. (ii) Anchu-sadya. Anchu-sadya, cr special feasts in Oottu¬
puras for five days every month (the two Dwadasis, the full moon and
new moon days and the Thiruvonam dayi, is recommended to be con¬
tinued by Mr. Ramachandra Row who has proposed a scale of Re. I
7 chs. for provisions for each meal for one para of rice. The-majority of
the Peishkars are for the aboii’ion of the Anchu-Sadya, as inconsistent
with the idea of the Oottus, being feeding institutions for travellers.
Government direct tba! the Ancha-Sadya should be abolished in all the
Oottus, except ihe one at Padmanabhapufam. fn the Padmanabha-
puram Oottu alone, the feeding on the Anchu-Sadya days may continue
as at present. The Dewan Peishkar, Padmanabhapuram, should, in
proposing the revised poikiou for the Oottu, submit proposals for fixing
the scale for the special feeding on the Anchu-Sadya days.
 m
1 7, (iii) Dharmc-Conjee. In all Oottus, except Aranmula, Conjee
is now given daily to all Non-Brahmin poor people who come at noon>
Mr. Ramachandra Rotv has proposed to provide lor the Conjee at
Aranmula also. There are four pure Conjeepuras, ciz. t!) Thovala,
(2i Shenccttah, 3 Kumarakoil and (4) Peruvila Ambaiam. Conjee
is distributed daily at the firs' two places ; at Kumarakoil only on Fri¬
days ; and at Peruvila Ambalam, the Conjee is given to pilgrims re¬
turning from Cape Comorin after bath on the new moon day in the month
of Makaram Mr. Ramachandra Row has recommended the continu¬
ance of the practice of supplying Conjee in all Oottus as at present. Pie
is however for abolishing the same when an Ooitu is abolished, but he
has recommended i!s continuance in any case in Ettumanooi and Perum-
pavoor. In Chapter VII, Section XXVII, of his report, Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row has proposed certain modified pathieus for the pure Conjee¬
puras. The scale proposed by him for a conjee meal is chs 16 per
para of rice. The Peiahkars are of opinion generally that the issue of
Conjee from the regular Oottus and the pure Conjeepuras should both
be continued.
18. Government consider that, when an Oottu is abolished, the
Dharma-Conjee in it should also be abolished. When an Oottu is main¬
tained, and if the Dharma-Canjee has always been a portion of it, the
Conjee may continue to be given to the same classes of people as have
been hitherto receiving it. No change of practice need be made in this
respect. The Conjee should not however be newly introduced into any
Oottu. The scale proposed by Mr. Ramachandra Row appears to
Government to be reasonable. Government would however leave the
question of its adoption to the Peishkars, as the administrative officers in
charge of the insiitu'ions The pathious should be fixed, both for rice
and other provisions in money.
19. (iv) Pakkom. This is an item of expenditure (now debited to
Oottupuras) for providing food, oil, betel etc., to Oottu servants and
others. The original arrangement was that persons coming under this
class should be led in the Ooitupuras. But the practice has been to
feed some and to distribute rice and provisions among others. The
number of persons in respect of whom this expenditure is now incurred
is stated to be 567 in all, and to include besides Oottu servants, temple
and other subordinates, palace watch-men, persons carrying head-loads
of rice for palace consumption, Vedic students, Japakars, destitutes, etc.
Government consider that the expenditure incurred in Oottu servants
alone should, in future, be debited to the head of Oottupuras. The
Peishkars should state definitely whether these servants should be paid
in kind or in money. The expenditure incurred under Pakkom for
Devaswom, Palace, Easwara-Sevas and other establishments, should
hereafter be debited to those institutions and not to the head of Oottus,
 39 f

20. (v) S myampakams and doles. The operations of the Ootiu-

puras now include the distribution of rice doles to Gosayec3 and also to
such Brahmins as have conscientious objections to eat in the Ooitupuras.
Mr. Ramachandra Row has questioned the correctness of the re‘urns
furnished to him by the local officers under this head, and he has pro¬
posed that the doles to Gosayees might be given in kind. The quantity
of rice proposed by him to be given to a Gosayee is three nazhies daily,
and also provisions valued a! one chackram. For women and children,
only two nazhies of rice daily is recommended, provisions being the same.
Mr. Ramachandra Row would however continue the Swayampakams
to Brahmins being given i.i kind, the scale in regard to them being the
same as in the case ol the Gosayees, with this difference, that the value
of provisions may be put at 8 cash instead of at one chackram- The
Peishkars generally agree with these recommendations of Mr. Ramachan¬
dra Row, One of them alone proposes payments in money at a uniform
rate to all alike.
21. Government consider i'nat the grant of doles to Gosayees may
be continued in those Oottus where such doles are now being given.
A careful inquiry should however be made as to the number of Gosayees
who actually pass, so that the palhivus fixed may not be excessive. All
doles'to Gosayees should be in rice, and the rates recommended by
Mr. Ramachandra Row appear to Government reasonable and may be
adopted. In regard to Swayampakams to Brahmins, however, lists
should at once be prepared of the persons now receiving such doles at
the several Oottus. Each list should, after preparation, be scrutinised
by the Dev.-an Peishkar concerned, so that the names of all uo-authorised
recipients may be removed. Every person in whose favour there is no
explicit Government order sanctioning the Swayampakam should be
deemed lo be an unauthorised recipient. No fresh name should be
added to any list without a special order of Government. In regard to
the ra’es, those proposed by Mr. Ramachandra Row are reasonable and
should be adopted.
22. (vi) Pathiou’Koppukkars and fvii• Koppillathacars. Besides
the doles to Gosayees and Swayampakams to Brahmins, there are other
rice doles issuing out of Oottupuars to certain specified individuals as
life allowances. Several of these individuals are said to be receiving
the value of the doles at a commutation rate settled among themselves.
There are two classes of people under this head, viz.. (1) KoppiE
lathavars, i. e., those who are given only rice but not other provisions,
and (2) Palhivu Koppukars, i. e, those who are given rice and also
other provisions. The former are mainly Sirkar servants who receive
the rice as pay, and alto a few poor people, about fifty in number, who
receive the same for their subsistence. The various classes of- persoms
who come under this head are detailed in Chapter Vil, Section XV, of
the report. Mr. Ramachandra Row has pointed out that the expen¬
diture under this head is distributable under the heads of Easwara Seva,
 392

Thanecrpandal, Devaswoms and Salaries, and he has proposed that all,

except the allowances to women-servants, should be converted into
monev at the rate of 7fanam:- per para of rice. In the case of women-
servants. it would probably be difficult to secure their services under a
system of pure money payments. Mr. Ramachandra Row has however
proposed a reduction of these hands (Ride Chapter VIf, Section XV, of
the report;. There is now no uniformity in the wages of women-servants.
Mr, Ramachandra Row lias recommended a uniform rate of three nazhies
of rice per head per diem in Ooitus dispensing (wo meals a day, and
two nazhies in those which give only one meal a day. Coming to
Paihku-Koppukars, Mr. Ramachandra Row has detailed in Chapter
VII, Section XVf, of his report the classes of persons coming under
this head, and he Has recommended that the allowances given under this
head might be converted into money at 1 fanams for rice and 3 fanams
for provisions per para. He has also proposed that the expenditure on
account of allowances to the Homapura establishments, Santhikars, temple
gate keepers, Hindustani interpreters etc., might be transferred from
Oottus and debited to the proper heads. The Peishkars agree generally
with the proposals of Mr. Ramachandra Row in regard to Koppillatha-
curs and Paihku-Koppuk.ars.
23. Government observe that several of the people now coming
under the heads of PaOiku Koppukars and Koppillalhacars are regular
Sirkar servan's or persons who are receiving their remuneration for
specific service rendered to the Sirkar. Government think that it would
be well to fix the remuneration for aii these people in money. The
Peishkars should report at what rate the commute-ion into money may
be made, and also if the establishments would not admit of revision and
reduction, so that there may be no increase in the aggregate expenditure
on account of the change of system. The pay should,' after conversion
into money, be debited to the institution concerned, whether Temple,
Palace, or Oottupura. Government are against exempting women-ser-
van's from the scheme of conversion. At the same time, there is the
contingency apprehended by Mr, Ramachandra Row, that there may be
difficulty in securing servants if the allowances now given to them in
kind are converted into money payments. The Peishkars should insti¬
tute the necessary enquiries and report on the matter wi*h their sugges¬
tions. In regard to those recipients of rice and provisions, or rice alone,
who are not Sirkar servants, or to whom the payments are not made for
specific services rendered to the Sirkar, the question of the origin of the
concession should be enquired into in each case. Those in whose
favour no specific Government orders are forthcoming should be con¬
sidered Id be unauthorised recipients and their names should be removed.
Those however in whose favour there are Government orders, may be
 393

continued, the allowances to them continuing to be debited to the Ootiu-

puras as now. It should be distinctly understood that no new name
should be added to any list except under special Government sanction.
24. (viii) Pokkucarathukars. The allotment (or Oottupuras now
confabs provision for the supply of rations in liberal quantities to various
Nampuripads, Swamyars and persons of less note while on travel.
Mr. Ramachandra Row has alluded to the abuses which‘have crept into
the practice of supplying rations to the Pok.kucaralhukors and he has re¬
commended that these rations might be granted hereafter as money
allowances. He has also recommended that it might be distinctly laid
down that the allowances are intended only to cover the actual subsis¬
tence charges of the travellers and that the allowances should be granted
only if the latter halt at the stations. In Chapter VII, Section XX,
Mr. Ramachandra Row has given details of the persons (73 in number)
for whom the padicus have been fixed. The scale of rations fixed for
each person is also given by him in the Appendix, Exhibit M.
Mr. Ramachandra Row has recommended that the Nampuripads,
Swamyars and other travellers might all be paid in money, at 7 fanams
per para of rice and 3 fanams for other provisions in. the case of ordinary
persons, and market value in the case of distinguished travellers.
25. While some of the Peishkars agree with Mr. Ramachandra
Row’s proposals, others think that a distinction
Pskatavoor Swamyar should be drawn between those who travel on
Tharaaanallooi Hamparipi duty and those who are guests, and that the
Thekkadathu Bhattathirl'
Kattumadas Narapuri former may be given their travelling allow¬
Pambam Mekad Nauipuri ances in money, but that the latter should be
MampaM Pandarathil given the same in kind. All Peishkars concur
Edayavanathu Polti
Ooru Potti that the allowances should be given only if the
Amanthimithu Potti persons halt at the places. They also agree
to the rate of commutation proposed by
Mr. Ramachandra Row. Government have already issued separate
orders in regard to the allowances to the persons noted marginally. In
regard to others, the proposal to convert the payments in kind into money
payments is approved in the cases of those who travel on duty. The
rates proposed, oiz., 7 fanams per para of rice and 3 fanams for provi¬
sions, are reasonable and may be adopted. In the case 'of guests, no
hard and fast rule could be laid down. Each case would be treated by
itself as may be deemed proper at the time.
26. (ix) Vazhichits. The expenditure under the head of vazhi-
chits, or specific orders issuing from time to time from the Palace on
behalf of Palace officers and other persons of rank and position, is not a
steady item. The annual cost is small and does not call for any specific
orders at present."
 11 j , 1 i arc celebrations of the anniversaries
, t ,, | ! jiii Lit,/ cct i t of feasting and dakshinas for
, , to \ rit u i B ahm n . The meals given are at most three,
p,raj &T! tfr. riay previous to the anniversary, a morning conjee
a tiimriisous meal on the evening of the anniversary day.
Mr R'-enr,c!'aodi'a Row would give one para of rice for feeding 20
i-rv.^r; and he would calculate the expenditure for provisions as
f „- a ' it a1 10 fanarib pet para; morning conjee—17A-
i a ad ,—fan irw per para. He has also proposed
i i'.na'w. ora- para ot rice cooked for conjee and 5 fanams per para for
p d _ i - ox The Pei hkars have few remarks to offer on
tl a i„ i Kit it v, a pointed out at the Conference that it
id ttt<- ’>■ i Si, i the feeding to the particular persons for whom
it war- ^tended. It was also suggested that the expenditure should not
h cUt U O tu
2b. In regard to Bhalladanoms, Government concur generally with
Mr. Rnmachandra Row's recommendations summarised above. The
Tahsitdars concerned should be held responsible to see that there are
no complaints from Nambooris regarding their feeding. Bhattadanams
will he a sub-head under the major head of Charities.
- i. x; 1 ir,:nai Sadtia■ Hi; Highness the Maharaja s Birthday
tcast will continue, as at present, in all Oottus which are not abolished,
ou, '.xn Akamesham. The ceremonies under this head are 14 in
i! i 1 1 ii I Cl ipter VII, Section XlX, of the report.
Mr- Ramachandra Row has recommended that a portion of the expen¬
diture c. iH d 'iol J ,o under Easwara-Seva and Devaswoms.
In his opinion, the quantity of the rice now provided for the feasts
i di t »\c iw lit ha* pt 3posed to fix the allotment for the Sadyas
at the sum obtained by valuing the rice anualiy returned as consumed, at
10 fanams per para, and adding the expenditure for provisions to the same.
The sum so arrived at may be divided, in his opinion, in the proportion of
4 lor nee and 7 for provisions and cooking charges, the latter being fixed
at 3 fanams per para of rice. For Maha-Magha Sadya at Padmanabha-
purarn, he has proposed a rate of Rs. 1/ per para of rice for condiments,
since the bill of fare for this Sadya, lasting for 29 days, is the same as that
for the Anchu-Sadya. He has suggested no allowance for cooks for
this ceremony, as the cooks at Padmanabhapuram are paid servants. The
remuneration for Puranom reciters, now fixed in kind, is proposed to be
converted at 7 fanams per para of rice and 3 fanams for provisions.
31, Government consider that Mr. Ramachandra Row’s proposals,
in regard to Alhcisesham, detailed above, are reasonable. But before
adopting them in ieb, Government would like to have the views of the
 Peishkars, who are ir-.f on 4>! to tl i i.rlrni Juri ih-
monies. Such of the item <-f \p i hti i » !< I ti!>l t fain
Sevas or Devaswoni, hould i ' a i . rrl >' n ) i * , 1 i mi
mended by Mr. Ramaclrrdi Rni i' r s ( >, ai1 ■>' i'i on
tinue to be debited to Oottus.
32. (xiii; Thanneerpandais. Tins suoject is dealt with by
Mr. Ramachandra Row m Chapter VI!, Sections XXiU ana XXIV.
of his report. There are tn all now 224 Tnanr.eerpandais. Ot these.
32 are worked throughout the year and the rest during certain seasons
only. Of the 32 permanent Thanneerpandais. 21 supply burltr-milk
and the rest water. Of the seasonal Thanneerpandais, 21 issue water
and 163 butter-milk, 8 other Thanneerpandais distribute water, panakam
and whey on certain Hindu holidays. Mr. Ramachandra Row has
proposed the abolition of five of the Thanneernandals and the reiention
of the remainder. All the Thanneerpandais except the very temporary
ones) he has proposed to keep open tor three months, from 13th February
to 15th May. Mr. Ramachandra Row would divide the Thanneer¬
pandais into four classes in proportion to the scale of expenditure.
The Peishkars consider that the location of the Thanneerpandais all
over the State has to be carefully enquired into and that a readjustment
of the funds is necessary.
33. Government have already issued separate orders to the Peishkars
pointing out the necessity for instituting careful enquiries regarding the
location of the Thanneerpandais in the State and also to consider
whether a re-adjustment of the funds was not necessary. The Peishkars
have been required to prepare revised lists of stations in consultation
with the iTahsildars, regal’d being had to the changed local conditions
and requirements. The Peishkars have also been told 1) that all
Thanneerpandais (except those started for special occasions and festivals;
should be kept only for three months, viz., 15th February to 15th May,
(2) that the Thanneerpandais now maintained by the Agrasala should
be left undisturbed, ((3) that there should be a fixed allotment made in
the budget, which should on no account be exceeded, (4) that the
nature and quantity of the liquid to be served should be fixed with due
regard to the budget allotment, (5) that no permanent reduction or
revision of stations should be made without the previous approval of
Government, and (6) that the purely special Thanneerpandais now
maintained on the occasion of temple festivals, the expenditure of which
is incurred from the Davaswom pathicu should be left undisturbed.
Government await the reports of the Peishkars in accordance with the
above instructions.
34- (xiv) Dharmapvllu. Dharmapullu, or grass for stray cattle, is
an item of expenditure which occurs in the pathious of .Oottus, as well as
of Devaswoms and Thingal. The total annual cost is now 7,000 and
 396

odd paras of paddy and Rs. 1,500 ‘and odd. In Mr. Ramachandra
Row’s opinion much of this is now misappropriated. He has therefore
proposed that the expenditure might be utilised for maintaining cattle
farms, and he has also proposed that the paddy expenditure might be
converted into money at chs. 6 per para. The majority of the Peishkars
agree with Mr. Ramachandra Row’s proposals. Some are for the com¬
plete abolition of this charity.
35. Government fear that a considerable portion of the allotment
for Dharmapullu is probably now being misappropriated. When cattle
farms and veterinary hospitals increase, the question whether the ex¬
penditure on Dharmapullu should not wholly cease would be taken into
considerat on. For the present, Government resolve to fix an annual
allotment of Rs. 4,000, to be distributed as follows :
Padmanabhapuram division Rs. 650
Trivandrum „ „ 550
Quilon „ ,, 1,400
Kottayam ,, „ 1,400

Rs. 4,000

The supervision of the expenditure will be left to the Tahsildars

and the charity confined to places where there are large numbers of
cattle and where the Tahsildars can supervise personally. It is left to
the Peishkars to distribute the allotments among their several taluks
according to local necessities and to fix the places where the charity may
be conducted in future.
36. (xv.) DeoasWom Expenditure. In 25 Oottus there is provision
for Devaswom expenditure also. This amounts to 3,466 paras of paddy
and Rs. 984. The average annual expenditure is said to be 4,093
paras of paddy and Rs. 2,839- There is another item, amounting to
8,932 paras of paddy and Rs. 1,943, mainly distributed to Santhikars,
watchers, flower gardeners, Kazhakakars, Anaval, other servants, cattle
keepers, Dammanam, Sri Kariakar, Accountants, umbrella bearers, sandal
preparers, Sankirthanam reciters, Oosha Kutties, etc. Government
consider that the entire expenditure should be transferred to the head
of Devaswoms.
37. f'xvi.) EasioaraSeoas. The ceremonies under this head con¬
sist mainly of Homas, Poojas, Japoms, Namaskarams, etc The follow¬
ing proposals have been made by Mr. Ramachandra Row. (I) the
allotment for the rites and ceremonies may be fixed m kind and money,
and provisions may continue to be purchased at market rates; (2) the
allotment for the following items may be fixed in money;—(a) wages
for flowermen and washermen, ih) allowances to Japakars, (c) allow¬
ances to persons engaged! Jor making Namaskaram, (d) allowances for
 397

feeding the Homakars and their assistants, and (ej the price of milk and
jackwood for Homas; (3) reductions may be made in the following
items: (a) three nazhies of rice may be reduced to two nazhies for
Namaskarams, (h) for Upayuktam it is enough to supply only as ranch
paddy as could be obtained for the vilatharam valuation of the pathivu
quantity, and (c) H nazhies need alone be allowed instead of a padi of
rice for Kalukazhikichoottoo at Suchindram and Padmanabhapuram;
(4) milk may be paid for in money instead of in rice; (5) flower gatherers
may be paid at 3i fanams per para and washermen at I of a rupee per
mensem in those stations where the present remuneration is greater than
21 fanams per year. [The pay of the washerman at Padmanabhapuram
may be fixed atRs. 4 per mensem]; 6) sugar at Ambalapuzha Easwa-
ra-Seva should be charged to Easwara-Seva; (7) in future,, grains
required for akshatam and plantain leaves alone need be supplied in kind
and the rice for Brahmins for performing Siva-Pooja may be valued at
7 fanams per para; (8/ the allowance of Japakar may be reduced to
money at 7 fanams per para of rice and 3 fanams for provisions and it is
desirable to reduce the Japakars at Suchindram to 4; (9) the allowance
to Namaskarakars should be converted into money at 7 fanams per para
of rice and 3 fanams for provisions: and (10) the feeding charges for
Homakars and their assistants should be fixed at Rs. 6 per head and
handed over to them.
38. Government consider that the above recommendations of
Mr. Ramachandra Row are reasonable. But before adopting them,
they would like to know the opinion of the Peishkars and Tahsiidars
who are responsible for having the Easwara-Seoas duly performed in the
several places, whether they have any objection to the adoption of the
proposals. Government consider that this expenditure should be re¬
moved from the head of Charities and transferred to that of Devaswoms.
39. (xvii;. Poojachirappu. Allotments for this ceremony occur in
the Oottus of Padmanabhapuram, Kuzhithura and Neyyattinkara and it
is connected with the annual procession to and back from Trivandrum
for the Navaratri festival. Government direct that the allotment be
maintained, the expenditure being however transferred to the head of
Devaswoms.
40. (xviii.) Thanchilacu. The expenditure is classified under the
following heads: (1) for curds and hire of loads, (2) for Onapadi,
y3) Onakkodi and (4) for lighting. In Mr. Ramachandra Row's
opinion, the first item is unnecessary, since the value of koppu includes
conveying charges. The second and third items are expenditure con¬
nected with women-servants in the Haripad palace. The lighting
charges include the lighting of certain palaces, the Mullakal Gopuram and
the Cape Comorin temple gate. Government consider that the expendi¬
ture for curds and hire of loads is unnecessary, if the koppu is fixed so
as to include the same. Onapady and Onakkodi should be debited to
 398

the Hat ipad palace. So also the lighting of the palaces should be
debited to the several palaces concerned. The lighting of the Mullakkal
Gopuram and the Cape-Comorin temple gate should be debited to De-
vaswoms.
41. Besides the items of expenditure detailed above, in some Oottus
there exist a few items of miscellaneous and occasional feeding. These
are dealt with by Mr. Ramachandra Row in Chapter VII. Section
XXVIH, of his report. The total palhica for these miscellaneous
charities is stated to be 2,469 paras of paddy and Rs. 172, and the
average annual expenditure 2,310 paras o£ paddy and Rs. 260.
Mr. Ramachandra Row has proposed that the present scale of expendi¬
ture be maintained, but it would, in his opinion, be possible to effect a
saving by strict supervision. Government consider that these miscel¬
laneous items may for the present be left undisturbed. The palhiou for
them should however be fixed in money.
42. The expenditure under ‘pickles' has already been debited to
the head of Palace.
43. No modification need be made in the Japadakshina expediture,
shown in Chapter VII, Section XXXVI, of Mr. Ramachandra Row's
report except that it should be shown as a separate sub-head under the
general head‘Charities’
44. Besides Ottupuras, there exists another class of institutions
called Othooitoos, where provision is made for teaching the Vedas to
Malaysia Brahmin boys. There are such institutions at Thirunakkara
in Kottayam, Ayarkunnam and Manganom in the same taluk, Anchu
Moorty Nadaand Vettikkavala in the Kottarakara taluk, Kaviyur in Thiru-
vella, Erikad and Kadamuri in the Changanacherry taluk, "Mavelikaray,
and the Kynikara pagoda in the Alengad taluk. One striking difference
between the ordinary Oottus and the Othooitu at Tirunakkara is that,
in the latter, cooked food is not served, but the rations and the cooking
vessels are provided and the guests themselves cook the food. At
Kaviyur the Vedic students are fed in the Devaswoms, and in the others,
sometimes in the Dewaswoms and sometimes in private houses.
Mr, Ramachandra Row has not proposed any retrenchment of expendi¬
ture in these institutions. But he has suggested the following methods
for utilising the fund (I) the transfer of the Tirunakkara institution
to more rural stations where there are many Malayala Brahmin boys,
(2) payment for teachers and of scholarships to the Vedic students at
suitable stations or in the Sanskrit Patasala at Trivandrum, for the sole
benefit of Malayala Brahmins and (3) the establishment of a hostel for
pupils to be trained in the Tantra Sastras. Government consider that
these Othoottus should be left alone. The pathivus for them however
may be fixed in money.
 45. There are certain Chalroms maintained by Government outside
the State. The only one fully maintained is the one at Benares. A
feast every new moon day is conducted at Gaya. There is an annual
grant made to Thiruvaduthuramadom at Benares for the feeding of
Brahmins. A grant is also made to Tirukkanamkudi chalrom for
provisions and to Kannadian chalrom for pepper. The feeding at
Rameswaram is maintained out of the income of the properties
separately assigned to that charity. The charities outside the State may
continue on the existing lines, the expenditure being debited to separate
sub-head under ‘Charities.'
46. The next question for consideration is in regard to the
establishment and salary of the Oottupura subordinates. Mr. Rama-
chandra Row has dealt with this subject in detail in Chapter VII, Section
21, of his report. He has pointed out that, while a proper system of
supervision would go a great way to minimise the abuses in these istitut-
ions, the evils could not the cured effectually except by entertaining people
with some qualifications for ;the office 'of Bharippukaran &c.3 and on a
better scale of pay. The Peishkars are of the same opinion
Mr. Ramachandra Row has also made specific proposals in regard to
the revision of the establishments. Government are disposed to accept
generally Mr. Ramachandra Row’s proposals for reducing the staff and
for improving the pay of those who are retained. The attention of the
Peishkars is drawn to the proposals and they are requested to make
specific recommendations, and in detail, for the revision of the staff of
each of the Oottus of which they are in administrative charge, taking
into consideration the revised pathiuus etc.
AT. Mr. Ramachandra Row has incidently referred in his report to
two general matters connected with Oottupuras, oiz., the policy of
starting new Oottus and the application of the doctrine of cypres to the
lapsed funds of Oottus. The former he is against, but the fatter he
recommends. Government consider that the opening of new Oottus
would be entirely wrong policy and they are against it. At the same
time, they do not approve of the diversiop of the funds of endowed
Oottus to other purposes.
48. The foregoing orders relate to the Oottupuras other than the
Agrasaia. The Agrasala stands on a different footing from the other
Oottus. The operations of the Agrasala are treated by Mr. Rama¬
chandra Row in Chapter VI of his report. The transactions of this
institution are dealt with under 25 heads, three of which relate to
establishment and salaries. In Mr. Ramachandra Row’s opinion, none
of these heads can be totally swept away, but he would reduce the
commutation of all distributions of provisions, cooked and raw, made to
persons, as distinguished from institutions, into money payments, at 7
fanams for one para of rice and 3 fanams for other provisions in the
 400

case of Pakarchas, and 7 fanams per para of rice and 8 cash for other
provisions in the case of Swayampakams. He has also referred to the
Proceedings of Government No. AIG. 1445, dated 23rd March 1906,
relating to the staff of the Agrasala, and he has pointed out that, besides
the ordinary items of expenditure, there are a few allotments made under
the sub-heads of Malika. Aripura, Virakupura, Venjanapura and Utsava-
madam for various ceremonies in the Sri Padmanabha Swamy’s pagoda
and other temples, for the lighting of certain Sirkar bangaiows etc. The
question of the expenditure in the Agrasala is one which has to be
dealt with in detail. There is probably scope for improvement and
economy without any very material alterations in the management of the
institution. Separate orders will issue in regard to the Agrasala.
49. It now remains only to state the minor heads, and the detailed
heads under those minor heads, under which the expenditure of the
major beads of ‘Charities’ should hereafter be classified. The following
classification should be adopted :—
State Charities.

(i) Mofassil OoiPpuras.

(1) Daily feeding.
(2) Anchu-Sadya,
(3) Dharma-Conjee and Conjeepuras.
(4; Pakkom.
(5) Swayampakam and other rice doles.
!6) Pokkuvarathukars and V azhichits.
(7) Occasional feeding, under which come (a) Bhattadanam,
(f>) Tirunal-Sadya, (c) Attavisesham and Id) Miscel¬
laneous feeding.
(8) Establishment.
(ii) The Agrasala including Malika, Virakupura, Arippura
Venjanapura and Utsavamadom.
(iii) Olhootus,
•’iv) Charities outside T raeancote.
(v) Thanneerpandals,
(vi) Dharmapullu,
(vii) Japadakshina.
fviii) Granls-in-aid to Orphanages.
Cix) Other items.

All items of expenditure now shown under Oottupuras, which do

not really come under Charities, such as Easwarasevas, Poojachirappus,
Devaswom expenditure, etc., should in future be debited to the Deva-
swom or other institutions to which they really appertain.
 50. His Highnr A revised padicus
should come, into i~ic > i ■ i: r.’Oj. Fhe Peishkars
should submit plop j a ur ■ - tcj jLo,r, each
institution forming *' A i Vr c L rjearlv
understood that .> i [siop^ cd o r ~. t ,ji!j ii money,
so that the budget mav nc:_ be aafeic so ci‘ur Dance on account of
fluctuations m pnce^ T1 i
estimates for she lev sz. pas j o
not leave ou> of acco_m .t rr. ’ ' i J
while; on the other ho "0 i . o
trivial or are unnecessary. Each iooj.; ?r.ou
the Peishkar concerned belore 1. is suonidica

A. j" VIEYRA.
Cn,o Secretary to Government.

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G. 0. No- 3929 dated 22nd Kanni 1086.

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 434

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G 0. No. 2.514/D dated 16th Ani 1086,

Vacancy of Resident poor in Oottus.
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G. 0 No. 5604/D, dated 16th Vrischigom 1087. .

Powers of the Agent, Travancore Satrnm, Benares City.
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<aoc/a!mj©o eosmsxow'twt'smfnjj1^ «ocii> o ty-oocisAoste ®,sn4
aomjo en-as- mod o o-oomciDiootffll s.snsoaiflijga atyaaljladloco'W
cy ^ooaiAg-j Q.-00 su6nxu!g_jc9iO(otJ siAatggaiaOis aogja&lAsoteosn.aj|
(BislcfiaoA ^oisiro cntaaWnxsforc° cojejaa^ci cdicrco aaocwmafl
ooo aoac ogjs.iiolao <gK>cBlAo®aaa.moAnno. go® ®<yacnflcu)loc,“
oruioo oJcfcAg-j agjsobolc® (8itiQBi^l|8a.ro)ooo5i|o caaisnccrosnef ■ cal
ajocffllao* (ryflfiflo^ca.aii ®ois>o raigcftaomOT'croo aaoarmraSlooo aoo,
aflairoiflaooKsas ffi.urolffli Aosroag-j^om ofl^oga aocBiootoiaismogjac
(Osr^igjaJOTiejcolcftanjsofflroi lyaasosailmoio m'ic®jcan<sam®n®6)05gao
coaiffl6ffflcroc3, &mm<Dajsns3ACTT>@&ia<o truacjyoicfM aola«ggmQrt»,®aj
ogao {c^s'i o^gg ai o~lno” (BroaolAOtoo nnomlioltBacno. aaeftaaoirvcoron
ajo o^sciba cni<J!jalry®o aooolcoffio ig-joooiCjaiJltiSTOooolosaJwl^igo
ovsoyaiia®^^®00'® alaJCD<9®D«sss ojac^ aciaonvo
cfto oTlcu(000221 ecgjoasiaoiici (Brota-e^sngRnDfflW. mj’aflfflb mj
cjflnu" ogeaiaaiob afflgja rru^afflsflaiootMOdiso aasffiajosej orvosm
cmncMfm(roo<a.fflta)06r^° s® ojaeejoncrt (g_)*acoaaa. imooiAaooasB
glob colento aa®mo®(TOf)®fflCQjo ®aJ9®aMooPi| asplaJ0cMoa5tea»)gj.
«®(03®s ag)Alejo aTloaioBicioiltcib ogjaffiiaTlejo wjimjaonjoffljia^isrnaaaio
a®s?cii>dloo“ emocnocmn-ic&fiao <s® (Wororolffima-jodl cyjcaoiaoooTl mo
sajagsgjoOo cooissraoiicnsaiog,, calegjo&ia.ajc^aAOjBfi.sroo.

G. 0. No. 2600 dated 23rd Edavom 1087.

aoA^liteooao «AO§<fls<m<TS)lao ffln>cio<iiglaj)gsa (BroejaJcrbnry
aj<&d>4i*9 ajc9i<oaac£2ri§ocffll(o1dMcnn®®c6.osnio aoooo cmnajarro qook
ffllgjam) slaim>6BBa"lio6 aJ*>^ fflAoScearmraOcm ajosl^aarrorolciooejo
(TucajoaO|®oanru!^ Aoa!SBag''|<8ejogja§g, sg® srfimoiabcrv (saaaifsnl®
(«®0oc39 Ai^cmwlaD (BrooJcaoMalgjosJioKwatfeono.

G. 0. No. 3S51/D Dated 14th October 1913..

Arrears of Koppupanam
ocragiooruDocno GajaoolAss gao^-Too o_i(gTlaias aismo
(fi 0 cytrg AiefosAaomjo qcSuDb ggsmoia© .ofiajQj QJcrrflglfflgjaiod
 437

<jQ o cycrri &<dsis<so gjrcxoi o oj 6) <b><&is<3io aiffiacojgja ojstbo ^fl

ai®aig>(»'l ®<a>o§g_j!c0aisroa£Sc® ojoc»c^lii oDOjgaoteai srosajafifl^Jl
oflcBsrmrolcnQffii Itsscroffliscio ®TDaoane0,sr@ot»6roaac(Bo
d!<S£-jo<J>g oicrnlol<36isnft.36n? mcwitaag^o on eocno ojosmaamD og)$?
rtsTIcai ouooocno atcmdiDlaacrntwlno'’
isrsigjtaooD (srDOBQial^irolt&scno. ®a_iooo!(63 axu®^jsn§ ojsrn
60a ;o qj<nD0caunws>‘ao®iaiof ajo&eosirm §ov Slow.a] cfesloolfiLio^ gns
oJ®^®.TT)rt»Da3>ora6 daejo®6 ausmo rcgBanwisiajcntsa of'inimo sujdooI
6>ro> a®g)agj§(5raTlac9508g.6me-

(t. 0. No, D. 580 dated 16th February 1914.

OOTcMQ-isI truoaocosBaCo ^.Oogjas (100000 cuajoggga. imtxs)
<s<ftog-j<aOo (nxflao»l(B6 ooirroo (Broecmascro aa>0SSS) nJlaiojoirarm
omol«j>i<3a <0® cu<e> truoaooD6BG§as culm oooa4«ilg-[o§l®&j cqjcsjtoo
ecuofflei ojjOj.TU06)Q_.c^“ @goso,0«ifflcflia«a&6ns<!»gjoa<a sjojecaalero
a°lojoot9ffl0<i) a&o§^ oicmisscno Q®cnt>a& ano aoi®c or®
cjyeaotfffil aJ©l«fl><5®ai*Ooc06) m&Jalsi mborroo acmiero
02j1®i aalonoo gomsocsal ®<a>osgjl<fleomjB nflaolmeigj.

(J. 0. No. D. 899, dated 14th March 1914.

Persons competent to issue certificates to Japadakshina employees.
It is hereby notified, under sanction ol His Highness the
Maha Raja, that the following persons are authorised to grant
certificates referred to in Rule III of the Rules defining the res¬
ponsibilities and powers of Tahsildars and Peishkars in regard to
the Japadakshina Department sanctioned by His Highness under
date the 18th February 1914:—
1. The two Vadhyans Tirunavoi and Trichoor.
2. The Yydhikans, and
3. Tharauanalloor Namburipad, Eor Malayala Brahmins.
Namburis, or Desis, and
4. Kottaram Dikshitar for Paradesa Brahmins,
5. The two Pushpanjily Swamiyars of the Mathilakom,
Trivandrum, are also authorised to grant certificates of
qualification to Malayala Brahmins, Namburis and Desis.

•Added by Notification No, D, 8734 dated 23rd September 1984,

 438

6. Kantamchntha Vasudevan Namboori, Japam Sookshippu

Vadhyan, Tiichur Yosnim, and Nedhathu Achu-
rbaii Namboori, Japam Sookshippu Vadhyan, Thiru-
uavaya Yogarn, are alto authorised to grant certificates
ot qualification to Malayala Brahmins Nambooris and
Desis, under Buie ill of the Buies *

tftgjCD^jcaoioo SDiDilcooffif) tg^nrulato ffl-ojgjrrr.siunaormocoi @?o_i

SisaT'em cioig-joii^aaoio'isifo cruosnjcnjblnLj <B>aoc/ol<BSsOfflCBio«8*s<sso
saJDr^Aao^tis'Ujo njaroinj asgaS0 0racu'<a>O(O63ic<sgc£)|o aiioiahflsrm
(ssocoi cO o{> ,_o eS „oo.n<6oaio samgi^aiffliaocYvo .Acy-oocra- rare
OBaiaijy ,^g«seal<o& c^emoo iUgcrenW fej^ooH^jlra'lcBscm truAgi
ajfln-aogACo oaioccflarmroloo,
aemoggniaaiaisroA ooo^ralaoA raroagjaaTIfflS eaoslc&Oo ^qj
©as aicftcSa_
cp. ffljlramoojOcon ojocgjosrocEso <g)oo“cg3<i qjocujosooqso
a.. aaaiel<ftCB)06(o(pjo
ca. <m©6fnco^(b oooo4fflln-jo§l<sms#o
u_i®«8c©igi)0Qj26m©as aitacg^_
<rf. acftagOfflo dl<aaTl(ffle®cQjo
migammomoJmgrei arnlaiAiorei <osrBn-lnaiOimaj'i rrnJaal
CfijOSfflCSSO.
or). @gglaiea-s@(h etawcoo QJ<fl> «ojo rrycftailg^ ojoaDjoA
teisrsaanoflaoioorysscn cih 00004 (oiecoieqjo roftacooaiosoojocoo ai* sjojo
CT^afifla-jaioaojoai) scnaJolrawT®re^j®cii) cn°a4®)Gee)aso (Bread
<8>offlag-j5®raitni]®1<saTO..
aOTaaJicibiajAoao
aofg&tfsiSryRd, \ o®. a as- aTWoo,
ris?i©Qjooo!«Q4®°} l coojfflsuaoiiQ, ^iloxi“fflnru^|ol»
td ao<hA^ ,£> <rf -003-. J

Or. 0. No. D. 963 dated 20th March lit 14.

njfflfcaiAsmlatn) ®@tesom oDosttmtSiro1.®!)coot^relg-jOgdffieJsfla go
<Sg-j°?§& rareculcaoenninlQB co^corai cACcrdglgpssmEo sigcocbicfeofflo os

"Added by Notification No 676|dated 28th Match 1919.

 439

nflwaaxulcoo 55 ojjasoco uSamDlssanroogo <a>aa)o ro)eum)(o6cflacm!go <si®

aongia^cTOo mlcn&o cnioaucaijyimcggcm ma^ACo^j
ajOTOil ooaloaiocan cnsra®cm1s«<siD>og<> AOaio ®tqss>0 ooltaaflcascm
(wlc® ^o®-roalgjO(OTS)s° o®«n2ffl5 areai* ogjamaHejo <u >£*000105
^Asoaio asoosoTlcuaasnejo soooaoJcD ^ssiojg mncMnaa'ioi
a®ioooo2>) i^aiiofciWsiaso ajugjfrr)n_i<sflio arcaisi® coj<aft)«9s0®>i
.saOcA ajoslajoraiuiso 810^*000 ool^laamroilcm ecto®l§cm maaitru
®6asgl(o6 a®gjoo ooo^iolgjogieaitfls ogjg’roi'.fflrDcc^ a^cusl aicffimigD
so_ioaej (ya)®bl*si6maaorB rolti^cxsagj^rrraJAsi; ojaic-gjo^o
(Bros'!cssorailssBBOotea aglrolsaietmcBs.offlacreaarailaiOffli (Sro^AOmoaju
jgoaii co1q^<rosn<ss1jyoffiffli ojsscmfflo <9rt@^soarai curoi^telcftOo cmo
aiS aeojoconrucroo® rsiaoc/iflsaeD®® cosr^ao^osi®) youdralaaocii
aaco^a^§^fm@ saoo0g-j®,a>a1®&i aosssbOo c/oralcnoasi ass^
ctTnosIcto <TUo*>o<i> asgpcocmnazoraas oj«8®|;Br<o6 g&janjSGroiiffii
sacm crxilioisnKirolAOo 3i7CDW'-<ftaflrp@o <mo@ o&ooajo acomU®
aoco) (T^orrorgo tstgA aAosr^o auntaacim njaras&MjaoocnocB) roioo
xfl<o49o<flfe ru>oe^=9s)ejgg. ssornuo ffilojcM/sooraooagjg ogjgjoc-aJds
escs^o «eeia?c6,o®3 g.gg.®socq)o ^ 0 cro <d -oaosnssog^ ojcoucdos
q_jioo aa.o§offl0rralfflei eQfloa«,o<A0 Qjm1&<3izai,a0c<fiso maocAo&ao*
c^oaawmlfflwio oolcau ml^lggg.roilsoogjool gDeasscua® mt
colmoo o-ifflOcsila^jglffl^crBo sicfcogoororniltoi cnicrco ODlanalaj aianl
sscm 8aooa(asi0(b aJ®l<&ci>ffl2i)<9>Oo egcBieiOco) gMcioJioemiGj^oosiffl g>
oslasoolcnoo rolasal^caaggrmasiW OKicutb ogjearoisilejo oil^ACo
Ooj^)0(o6 (Bmoiaffi ooicflanaarmcmlcroo sa-JnSjOaao raaooBteeoaazaceko
(BrocoliftOpo a<9)0§(fl65cm!tiilaot> (srocroaiaisy a®$®lajcrni=gg. ^Jc8>o<oa4o
<9>osrroanroiiaooej0 roiao&eloieocsfegg. §ov isK/cvlAOaatms) saooag^®*
gl®5 ao@o gQgjOfflraissacfecrnjBio ccutSioiaosisriDcno oDoJOralcescTTiiffl^jcnoo
go® raifl)rt»)(ea entry® injog'si&i gog-Jaamm iswsajaaiaiia awscrjlg-jo
aroa&cniagjcnBo oilojmo oDoa^iolgjoglffiC'o ffl®s®a^=gg)ajoctt§g.®roicnDo
eoioaTDonoQ^crBo q®^®i (sroas^ascnKisilam *>gj)^ (Brucraaielgji®)
<9sar)(i3ioc32)"l a<a>o§o0o cniciqjocQlc&ogoaaooKB rri) sj ax-oags axtuiiflaji
cy cri a“lmo <rf-ocra- ogjifrailoamioaimo ainTf)(oi,e6ia<0>o6n§ (srccBiicngjjo
01)0100 rooa^fflla-joglaei amgjaojgasra) msrarisjsaasreaDOtfta©.
 440

G. 0. No. D. 2840 dated 11th August 1914.

Previous performance of Easwara Seva,
eiooao, aoja, roacry^ioo ^(majacoi <a>oemio6Uj
oj^ col-ca'airy oxcscm govcajioGrruaisajOccM *oajoojodl (tsftacmiBflcio
i^traaJ(inaiT(!Ji;mlsi!)l(o6 ggoo-imanruai ros(mdft§)gjo<msiaia® isiscaacm
caV^s -josisrot™ t&asratmrailcoOjA flroa»laa|j^o cnssswltflacsso «a«ai^
cate raisAasioairoicoaoooTOOotfla (srasa-nsffiAOo aitmoioi srcscu<aai<Bfia(h
r^cTOaJfbaWitslcie^oas gtDOOJ®«mjaj<fi>Oo offlaflfflsatagsj'lajo rosraralg
asnso i®mo cole®.iv>o oj«s®raliyo ®tsea_i<BAid»OG®o§ G-ojoslmj o®$?
(Bnojgi^o o®Sf<Bu snm'c9ffl0?jo s).oj$jomra>iao jugo sitaisgsrstmotacre.

G. 0. No. D. 4591 daicd 21st November 1914.

Particulars to be furnished in—Ninavu.
goicffljmewoj*oo-eao ao<\o ®i®eo cnlajal^aj ogjSfnnl mrocmiBa
mvml<o6 [ro1coa4<fl>ai(o6] gom ^rroosio cnlmial^jlffll«3crB
a®cra oilanoaDosfl n®S?as)"l mDoosaasregsaoiftcno.

G. 0. No. D. 5068 dated 23rd December 1914.

(moe^sBs ^®moo2) (tnpeJsssaiGejiflts ibtov cesitn a5)roQjtftgl®5
saaioroi gicm esoeiliM ffi'snebDi'atsTOitOa goimo®(o rolooial^jlrolteacno
O®cno Qilai!t3l<9®ja|^]5vn> islcjIgOo^j-jgffitaOo a®§gH)a!iOq, igaiich
siaio^ aJSTOo siosa^-irmRsosismmoa aoac^sl ailaiffilcasoai) cuoslgjo
(otoirj)’*™. A^lijl^ajffl^jgaicaOci aasaCToIloQ. £9<bxb6 e>SLiog ojotido
<8rasecSbsns®l0i>sm™ o-i®l<&tbffl2TleK3)o§ asijyaJoooocJl a®<i>g_io§
aru^cm tal<o6 ollG©3cua1^0(i3roi(tj)Oc9jcm.

G. 0. No. D. 5020. dated 23rd December 1914.

Absence of Japakars.
©‘Wanj'JO-ioo eflfli@(Bta1aaj asnujonsojo c®ajliQ3®>mlfflej
«aJo <saJ36>ai eiuoOffi&aJmOaima.'fgg. «®^<&aao oa^osnJimronGej'fla
oJ(inl^5)<a>3§®tal^aa.rai3asmE&l<o6 ist® ASosnjgSYrolejsB iBts^tSja^o
(tsiarm arwsainoco) l cosarannaisgo <mmas>cn aDoKmaccO msisrsicm t&orn
«»salffi6 (Br&cniG&MSia. isrocraeoio isroaiesis a<&o§A.a8o aoo®®o<ol m
ssnsionsflitsrmerfi arseffisojo cijlsIosrrao^^^caijQjo a^jsgjsrs^o (Sajo)<o6
a-iraflajiftooctb ooosirolaej cross t&oaerocsrralGciaffii aJcftroo ®T®0ocua.gj
S)le4o ®ojo coSEstcn)scQ>rafl<08 a®tmi^jO(UKn@aotactB.
 441

a. 0. No. D. 1913 dated 14th May 19)5.

Ur.qtmlified' Persons—Appoinment of.
«3Ko6tSffloej ©^lojcfe:. da .oJ§!g=):S'0<oo m)rog)oAWoo.&an.iiia6
a oil gDfosjfflgTuoj (ssjoaTi teTlgoaroQjB.rtn ar.aitru®
65Bglco6 easao Brs^cfta^ ool maids err (3>1rj6 alamccuzlgy; ®w®»actio.'
ag)cmo®6 (BTtaSib esjoeil rosOTgjcrnrtsilan njsljucaajo sosaaflcQ!')
ojaama oDltojefltSarm ^egjocomirnb «sa)0®c;agj| srasust^csitflcqjg
ge ®1e«9® enimDca! cno.
G. 0. No. 2225 dated 15th Jane 1915.
Appointment—Expiry oE period of.
siooag-jfflAslicii gosoojusrrpa oJAcgjg mnffltaocroo a®d> aces
©aonroo ala® aDsbbo rsicnsco oQmao *osaooruo a®<oJ> c8>e& Scaacmjo
cua® 4oeo anaisno .-^enoo aosfflosEsswsio® sra-srelroi «®Q,a;<n,-o a?W
<o«i$ aiAiao aaosni rosniGoJa© a_i(Qg)6n§aom» oji®o dsjaeilo^
m3a®aj<sjcm<B>oe«o ao<Efflo<S<Bro>asasa«o rooieno Asylsroio} an®
ajsra <8i@©c@1cB9cm®1aE>3)Crij isisoo rolmal^yoaaarrisilaD ofl>g©Yro<fl.
ggjooSCTTa rtnoamosa-^rmrciW «tS6BeacD rsoarrvldaacmffl rdla1«Jtrao
•oilsaso ®aiar)daooa6 &o@o rtnaJenMsioOfflaiiO a£)®oc©° slauruQjo
(sraffi etnjooej *060 ,oai6mj;siooai! juIsbso waiemiiJejo ssoejlacno
^ffl1(Barm®lcK>3 rrocrnlaWsio wortM® ®o.ism<86>oo©:ss <m©oroflcflao o®
tpfiwiA.ctmcaib^Doocm^.o gDsnoisafrn®ooa1|o Asn? (ararofieejogs, crflaj
©roil d«o mil ftosffloOT®t»(i> ngj® folca)®]^^ esjcajlvolroi) (yecuoifl
iyoejo i^3§®(04 (ajOailatP acogoolc&sia®® S508(taffiEffiffi>si<tcQjo6>capC6n§
65o®©o (rooQ5oro®0 afl®:> g>s&ry®>am1 sKoaTlaoeitswlcSsmo^loo o^ti
o_j05®Ai^cm® 6)*oga.o©aor® a®?roil taraa2^1osaivts)l®oo (Siajl^wra
ffficiJsl^roliflaoPOToaan 6)ajO§a©o mjctioaflc&ogj^ooKBOS otuotoffia
(uomlffljcafflaAosni sa&io®5 sromflttagino cosmscmgricB aoasrasajoaflj
a^glrtnl(8KKffla<fiasr®®0Acsn.
G. 0. No. D. 659 dated 26tn February 191A
, Allowance to Ktittuhonaakars.
.. QnseaAoacMOCScTO ntgiaaaiaoofl&a gjasaom:&ea> fflffiaicol <sw
caojaldscmraworai SeMaWcajo rsitxrosaiajo ^soaracsso rrujotnaso
efl«jiia§(^j'slo£8o (^jgaaooaceaoocrb saoeSl aas«tr<!Ji5n§ffiK>c-3srn&.
aaiBcuo®! acaaflsmaxjo Q$aid! eafislsrosieaia a-Tls'toTOsorimo?
®sl moaiafl aroaaajelaerm «&oajSBealoi> sasall soooiBQcro GofltiZrMtO
 442

6oo amotuo 'i"l ScMalaw cousifflifflafca mDcrcciioeammog^sl ®fto§g-ji

aoa fflroc»sai5SB3o ojlslmtno og)5j>ffi)W<sjo s^usgisninno

G. 0. No. 3264/D. dated 9th Oetobar 1916.

Nomination by Nambudiripad—pcirod of
eotioaa-jio<aal(o5 s|3w>-i®e<T'JQJaJlS)'®a oooq4©1
o-jog'coi oolcnoo oolaaal^oaicBaofn ms>%‘fl>Ce <a6 agjo
ef)cal®6 (g-jsaxooi.syoejo ^)§<tm56 t&ooilam isiaoiDaoWosxB) aotBioo®
moieaqjo sicftosn? assrao cruoaiarofflo oJW @s.^ja3)omr! eggoelcns
roimlyoai) cfcgjcw^yAoroo sroooaisla^ a®SJ«sil oicTn'|asnsnTDo asj!
mo sojDoaa^ffltffildi ffi-inoao aJolAiziao §d<b 8210)00130300,68 m@Oocbl
tmalaj oooo4®!gjo§l<oii oolmoo (srscrac^onr) ctoIcioqjaCo ao<s®o mg)
snslaaiioajjo (s^aoso^mdb <arDai<Tuoaooajs)®3)|yoa<c) saiciaJOSKJTD)
g/ronaaflao afla-ianmaoodri ja fflroiocqjo cn. _o ojiiaUffimowKi oomomflg
aAo§a(ii(D3omn5)3cs«o mrosssfflcro ®&o§asan@o fflcmlejcbldfco oKfeaai
tSoOotfta i^caildiigjgl o®^ml (sraa<u<sa3cebCi2orooQa) <so_iaooiao«sas oj
cflffltsi) aAQsm aiccacno ogjcreo <8rD6si36)qjg)iBB ®sn§ ooVnojAft <sa oj
axig-j orocaj^jlffl^ aaonoroiDisso mroissjcgg (roaocAiscxi a®$(t>il<sroc&>
■ajssiloo oooa^ffilg-jog 0Q,o-isl a^a^ssrmlglagjorTOo aDgJiiouotucn
mrnlaei fBiDgjgjfgjAomo oiSfflKwoi®<9»ai|majo oolooQj^Oo dODra1| (Bion
cols6so(bja isrcxnigjooi ffii^sim^ajo o^(io_jo§a^u^ fflca>o§<effl6ro
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ojojaxig^*)o ecood39loa)rol(oi „q aiiboaio s> aocrugmoitsao go. ojiion
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Ac&sdjo a @ -0 ^0, ai j± actoI.X) <6~ocb-_o m®srocnoca>osrri(Tr>m
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<feo©o ®l(i^agj§l|ga«5i|o2|f^o maOo cnlcsaal^cn'aacTnrtif’aDo ooioooj
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f$ajo, cioot^ffllgjaglaejcgig a^spralmoaM^ c^aicmoajj§8m®sni(5»
■mncclcssfmmloooffii mtxsilnzgr^o oolaocOo airoerosiamo croa6cJ3^oaffi
oocrjJraW .ajissao a. a-na- oq)$<3)1® truowooo ajomliotescimrtiflotii
ciOonruloB ojIsioocuhocdTI eoirUd>o©asa oosojsI ootolmatolsiaa
(WSgjcnoo saaiofflj s&gJoxgjaiOKio ®?|<i>.a!]a.ajO^ ag$p<s>i rarecpjgjga&mi .-■
 m

CBgf^o O3S(J;eiJi6m©D6)6TOCnS0 cnao^ffllajaglstftl S^^jfflnJftaiRsl COS

GfflrtnsnsroDi&cn!).
G, 0. No. 3393/D dated 19th October 1910.
Easwaraseva Allotment.
oTlaiojoosl crjlalwroiaao aiaooo -ajkieojoOo nTejoj <^§®io6
tsaisnalaicrnnoji lemegjg waiacmDDaJcoo sma^oolob ogjaBiesPojo
gDcn®im!(B6 Gg®i©5 ailcrao cflaraig-pytec&’oa msraiml
(flarmrsfM aTteioocoia'agjcrngpsira) ggpasja&j§®,B^|2g. aJtrnlaPaao
8&36>gj§UfflTO>sn3 soDaioojalgjOantnmaAcno.
G. 0. No. 369/D dated 39tli January 1917.
Nomination by Nambuairipad —default of.
nj)QOOo°l!D6a3(c8S)s cfl«gja(b| ajcnr>l<DWs>a>osn§ oWoiiruj m
ca'gjo cocusisraiciitt (CilA^oDaKDo oooa^rola-joglaeJ ®ra>22jfflgJ5®»7)§°
ffieso <ft06nBrmi®gjcrt>o a^jcmo®!), aha <9>crnl a. <d-occra-aai oogA
(moojmanmW) aflcuoo croa^ffitg-joglcA s)(tngj®gj§™'sma®cro ajo
mnroAae impjOfii m o»Ooj[Don Qj)s®oa)i2ocQ>l rolco)2lc8aaoais>(E0iSaasrt§
asaoafl cos oro].cy^)Sa q®<™ cdlnjaBl^ng'i^o/lcfemosi goro'sejiflao
ea«6 goEsoJoaaj edlcooj ata>o§<fia®a_j5Cfn ®@§.ce>f.6>sojcs>Q$a a©
6Bsaco amacQ|ansanncnDaB(g>lfflCP^cxrcnio aitsitnroQJ'sngOcBisiinaBeiB
,3cA nS s)-o?@ oocaiolffli cue® a—ore- o©sp<B>|<n> rruococrw ai«ril®\fl8
omttsfiao.
coaisnsrc&cAQ, raflAgj moatrruffl'liy rooa4®'a_jo§ ensaaom
rusmo OToa^iolgjoglam rotooroo (mJ’liftiD'dacmiroagjatto era:
®6nfflal)61(o6 colcnoo (son ojAagg sisgotfio) ros®ro>'c8Scro(mo6>6ro«Bt>
aaa aflai®o (^)ta®)0'oa2)l onoa^afigjogle&icee! oQ^twl srtKoG^sr®
(Ootacro.
Proceedings of the Government of His Highness
the Maharaja of Travancore.
Read:—
(1) Letter Cur. No. 22ot 22/De.vaswom, dated the 21st April
1922, from the Devaswom Commissioner;
(2) Letter R. O. C. No. 211 of 22IG. B., dated the 3rd May
1922, to the Additional Head Sirkar Vakil, Trivandrum;
(3) Letter No. 188, dated the 11th May 1922, from the Addi¬
tional Head Sirkar Vakil, Trivandrum;
(4) Letter No. Budget 2818406, dated the 18th May 1922, from
the Account Officer; and
 444

(5) Letter R. 0. C. No. 206 of 2113 B„ dated the 13th April

1922, to M. R. Ry. M. Raja Raja Varma Avergal >t, a., b, l.,
Efficiency Audit Officer, Trivandrum,
Read also:—
(1) Proclamation dated the 12th April 1922, regarding the
Administration of Devaswoms in the State; and
(2) Press Communique, dated the 12th April 1922, on the
above Proclamation,
The Devaswom Commissioner, in his letter read above, requested
the orders.of Government defining his relation with the following
Institutions,— (1) State Charities (2) Grant-in-aid temples in and
outside the State (including the Koodalmanikam temple at Irinjalikudai),
(3) Personal Deposit Devaswoms and (4) Agrasala.
These questions bear directly upon the budget of the income and
expenditure of the Devaswoms and State Charities.
Under the provision of the Devaswom Proclamation, dated the
12th April 1922, the expenditure in connection with the staff for
supervising and managing Sirkar Devaswoms has to be' met from the
General revenues. The opinion of the Additional Head Sirkar Vakil
was invited as'o whether this statutory provision includes the expenditure
on account of the Devaswom Es'ablishments under the existing Pathivus.
Government have carefully considered his reply and also the extent of
the control to be delegated to the Devaswom Commissioner as regards
the Religious and Charitable institutions maintained by the State.
Order thereon Dls. No. 315 of 22/G. B., Dated
Trivandrum IIthAuoust 1922.
Government resolve to issue the following instructions:—■
A. STATE CHARITIES.
I. Income.
The income under State Charities consists of (i) Sale proceeds of
surplus provisions, and (ii> Miscellaneous receipts. As income, in the
nature of things, belongs to the Department which administers it, the
income referred to above should go to the credit of the Devaswom
Department, to be administered by the Commissioner.
11. Expenditure.
i) Charitable Institutions.
(a) Within the State.
1. Agrasala. The Agrasala or the Charitable Institution
at the Capital is now under the First Tahsildar, Trivandrum, who
directly corresponds with Government. Though the expenditure
 445

in connection with this Institution is borne entirely by Government, it

is practically an annexe to the Sri Padmanabhaswami temple. The
existing arrangements in regard to the control and management of this
Institution will continue.
2. Mofussil Ooltupuras, Othuttus, T hanneerpandals, Dharmapullu
and Japadakshina. These items of expenditure are now under the
several Dewan Peishkarc. They should be provided for in the State
Budget and will in future be controlled by the Devaswom Commissioner.
(.b) Outside the State.
Benares Satrom■ The Satrom is now managed by an Agent who
corresponds directly with Government. The expenses of the Institution
are met from his permanent advance of Rs. 500 which is recouped by
the Chief Secretary to Government on rece p' of bills and voucher'’
from the Agent. In future the existing arrangements will continue with
the excep‘ion that the control now exercised by the Chief Secretary
will go to the DevasWom Commissioner.
(ii) Grants tj Charitable Institutions.
(tfi Within the State. Under this head come the grant made by
Government to the Friend-in-need Society and also the grant for the
maintenance of monuments erected over the graves of Europeans.
These grants are now administered by the Chief Secretary to Govern¬
ment. The expenditure is being debited under 25 Miscellaneous from
1096. The existing arrangement should continue.
lb) Outside the State. Grants to Charitable Institutions outside
the State include those to (I) the Kannadian Satrom, and (2) Thiru-
kkanamkudi Satrom disbursed by the Dewan Peishkar, Quilon, (3)
Grant to Thiruvaduthura Matom and (4) the grant to the Badarinath
temple feeding disbursed by the Chief Secretary to Government. AH
the four items will, as hitherto, be provided in the State budget, but
their control will be transferred to the Devaswom Commissioner.
(iii) Miscellaneous.
Under miscellaneous payments are included (I) Donations to
orphans (2) Lighting the Verapoly Church and (3) Other items. Of
these (1) and [2) have been transferred to 25 Miscellaneous from 1096
and are being administered by the Peishkars. These i’ems should here¬
after be administered by the Chief Secretary to Government through
the Peishkars. As regards item f3) which consis's of miscellaneous
expenses relating to distribution of conjee, conduct of Sasthaprithi,
Kalabham, Sadya, Thirubeli etc., the several Dewan Peishkars now
exercise control. These should go over to the Devaswom Commissioner.
 446

B, Devaswoms.
Under the terms of the Devaswom Proclamation, the administration
of Major and Minor Devaswoms in the State comes under the control
of the Devaswom Commissioner.
I, Receipts.
Receipts under the budget head XVII— Devaswoms consists of:
(1) Offerings.
(2) Receipts from Sripandaravagai,
(i) Pathivu price for Mathilakom for certain supplies made
from the Kandukrishi.
(ii) Nadavaravu receipts from the Muripalathadi Madancoil.
(iii) Contribution from the Melkanganom funds towards the
expenses for the Sripadom Vazhivadus in the Mathilakom.
(3) Ayacut and other revenue from Devaswom lands, and
(4) Miscellaneous.
The income of the Devaswom included in the schedule attached
to the Proclamation under items (1) and (4) should go to the Deva¬
swom Fund. Item 13) so far as the revenue of the lands within the
State is concerned should hereafter be controlled by the Land Revenue
Department and credited to Land Revenue, while income under the
same item from the lands outside the State, except Perumanom Deva¬
swom lands, should go to the Devaswom Fund. As for item <2> re¬
ceipts from the Sripandaravagai, the credit of the amount should go to
the State budget under the head ' Devaswoms.’
II. Expenditure.
The expenditure at present, under XIX—Devaswoms includes the
following items:—
(i) Major Devaswoms.
(ii) Minor Devaswoms. •
(iii) Grants to Private temples.
(a) Within the Stale.
(M Outside the State.
(iv) Nandavanams.
(v) Sripandaravaga.
(vi) ’ Extraordinary expenditure, such as purificatory ceremonies etc.
(vii) Service Ancfial Stamps.
(viii) Rents.
(ix) Tax due to the Cochin Government on Devaswom lands in
that State.
(x) Refunds.
!ix) Murajapam.
(xii) Miscellaneous and Law charges.
 447

Of these, item (i) Major Deavaswoms (ii) Minor Devaswoms and

and (vi) Extraordinary expenditure should be debited to the Devaswom
fund to be constituted under the Proclamation. The expenditure falling
under item (vii) should be distributed between the State Devaswom
Budget and the Devaswom fund, the former taking up the expenditure
for the Anchal Stamps required for the supervising Department main¬
tained by the State and the latter bearing the expenditure for the stamps
required for use at the Scheduled Devaswoms. Item (viii) rents pay¬
able by Scheduled Devaswoms should be debited to the Devaswom
Fund. Item (ix) tax due to the Cochin Government on lands in Cochin
and owned by the Scheduled Devaswom should be debited to the
Devaswom Fund. The expenditure under item (x) refunds relating to :
the Scheduled Devaswoms, should similarly go to the Devaswom Fund.
Item (iii) grants to private temples within the State, now controlled
by the Dewan Peishkars, should hereafter be charged to the State
Devaswom budget and made over to the control of the Devaswom Com¬
missioner. Of the grant to private temples outside the State, some are
disbursed by the Peishkars such as those to Trichandur, Valliyoor,
Thiruvanchikulam, Kodungalloor etc., while in the case of some others,
such as Thiruvaduthura Matom, Dharmapuram Adheenom and Thiru-
pathi, they are disbursed by the Chief Secretary to Government. The
Deyaswom Commissioner should control this entire item of expenditure
under the State Budget.
Item (iv) Nandavahoms is now controlled by the Dewan Peishkars.
These should be charged to the Devaswom Fund.
Under item (v) Sripandaravagai are included (a) the two Utsavams
in the Sri Padmanabhaswami temple lb) the two Bhadradeepams and
(c) the supply of articles for pooja in the Mathilakom daily and occas¬
ionally and special Vazhivadus as per Royal command. For all these
items, the First Tahsildar, Trivandrum, has direct dealings with the
Government. The existing arrangement in regard to the administration
of these items will continue and their cost will be charged of the State
budget as at present.
Item (xi) Murajapom. The expenditure on account ol this sex¬
ennial ceremony at the Capital is now being met from the State budget.
Usually, the First Tahsildar, Trivandrum, is in direct charge of the
ceremony though a special officer is appointed to supervise it. This
arrangement will continue, the expenditure being charged to the Stats
revenue as at present.
C. Devaswoms having,pPbsonal deposit accounts,
In the G. 0. R, O, C. No. 206 of 2 i, read above the Dev4sWon) ,
Commissioner has been ordered to enquire into the condition of the
unincorporated Devaswoms and offer suggestions for the efficient ad¬
ministration of personal deposit Devaswoms and their endowments.
As it is too early to say whether all or any of these Devaswoms will
ultimately be handed over to local bodies, the management and admini¬
stration of these Devaswoms and their properties will be entrusted to
the Devaswom Department from 1098. It has to be noted by the
Devaswom Commissioner that the persona] deposit Devaswoms include,
besides those borne on the accounts as such and situated within the
State, Malayankulam and Klankulam Devaswoms in British territory
and the Perumanom Devaswom in the Cochin State now ordered to be
treated as a personal deposit Devaswom. The Kattalais at Darbha-
sayanom and Rameswaram now maintained out of the proceeds of the
Kakur Estate and administered by the Land Revenue Commissioner
are akin to a personal deposit Devaswom. The management of this
Estate and the Kattalais attached to it will also vest in the Devaswom
Commissioner.
D. KUDALMANlKKAM DkVASWOM.
The existing arrangements as regards the Kudalmanikom Deva¬
swom at Irinjalakuda will continue.
E. Miscellaneous.
As per Section 7 (2) of the Devaswom Proclamation, the cost of
the directing and supervising agencies proposed to be organised for the
better and more efficient management and more effective control of the
Devaswoms will be met from the General Revenues as distinguished
from the establishment charges under the Devaswom Fund. They
should therefore be charged accordingly.
The budget for 1098 has been framed on the lines indicated above
and the arrangements will be given effect to from the beginning of
1098.
(By order),
R. Krishna Pillai,
Ag. Chief S ecretary to GooernmenL

NOTIFICATION,
G. O. R. Dis, No. 97 of 23/G. B.
, In supersession of notification No. D. 898, dated , the 14th March
1914, as modified by Notifications No. 3735, dated the 23rd September
1914, Nos. D. 3820 and 3821, dated the 8th September 1915,
and No. 1833 dated the 17th June 1916, the following Rule*
defining the responsiblities 'and powers of Superintendents and Assistant
 449

Commissioners of Devaswoms as well as of the Devaswom Commis¬

sioner, in regard to the Japadakshina Department, have been sanctioned
by His Highness the Maha Raja under date the 2nd February 1923.
I. The Superintendent of Devaswoms is responsible for the proper
conduct of all sanctioned Homams, Japams, Sivapujas, Namaskarams
and other Easioara sevas in the group.
II. The Superintendent of Devaswoms shall arrange for all Homa-
kflrs, Parihflrmies and Easioara Seoakars being paid their dakshinas and
other sanctioned allowances lor each month, before the tenth day of the
next succeeding month.
III. No person shall be appointed as Homakaran, Parikarmi, Japa-
kflran, Poojakaran or other Easioara Sevakaran unlesss he produces
a certificate that he is duly qualified for the performance of the service,
from such person or persons, as are authorised by the Government, from
time to time by notification in the Gazette, in that behalf.
But exemption from the production of certificates of qualification
shall be granted to those who produce a certificate from the Superin¬
tendent of Devaswoms or any other responsible officer of equal status to
the effect that the applicant has properly conducted Easioaraseoa etc.
before, and that he has not been dismissed for any fault. An applicant,
who has once produced a certificate, shall also be exempted from pro¬
ducing a similar certificate before taking up an appointment as Easwara-
stoakaran etc. at any future time.
IV. The Superintendent of Devaswoms shall arrange to keep a
daily attendance register of all employees in the Japadakshina Depart-
• ment in the group and check the same monthly before the disbursement
of their dakshina and allowances.
V. In the case of appointments for specified periods, such as those
of Homa\ars, Parikarmies etc,, the Superintendent of Devaswoms shall,
three months before the expiry of the period for which any one has
been so appointed, report to the Assistant Commissioner of the forth¬
coming vacancy with particulars as to the post becoming vacant, the
qualification required for candidates applying for the post, the pay and
emoluments attached to the post and the name of the person then hold¬
ing the post. In the case of appointments for life, like the Sioapooja,
the Superintendent of Devaswoms shall, as soon as the vacancy occurs,
report to the Assistant Commissioner of Devaswoms of the vacancy
with the necessary particulars. The Assistant Commissioner ot Deva¬
swoms on receipt of such reports, shall prepare a notification calling for
applicants for the post and submit the same to the Devaswom Commis¬
sioner for publication in the Gazette. On receipt of applications by the
 450

Assistant Commissioner of Devaswoms, he should forward the same to

the Devaswom Commissioner with the recommendation as to the person
to be appointed.'• The appointment will then be made by the Devaswom
Commissioner and communicated to the Assistant Commissioner of
Devaswoms who should at once give notice to the person appointed to
appear before the Superintendent of Devaswoms concerned. In the
case of life appointments, the Assistant Commissioner of Devaswoms,
may appoint a temporary substitute, until a permanent man is appointed
by the Devaswom Commissioner.
VI. In regard to appointments hereditarily granted to certain
families or the life time of individual persons, the Superintendent of
Devaswoms, should ordinarily insist on any of the members, of the
karanma family or the individual concerned attending to the services,
except in cases in which specific sanction has been given to the contrary,
or when they are unable to do so on account of pollutions, sickness or
other causes beyond the control of the persons concerned, in which case
the Superintendent of Devaswoms, may allow the service being attended
to by duly qualified substitutes.

VII. When any appointment falls vacant temporarily by absence on

leave of any employee or by the negligence or the unauthorised absence
of any employee or other causes, the Superintendent of Devaswoms,
shall appoint a duly qualified substitute, provided the period of such
vacancy does not exceed two months at a time. If any employee absents
without leave for any period over two months consecutively, he should
be treated as having vacated the appointment permanently.

VIII. It shall be competent to the Superintendent of Devaswoms, to

give the employees of the Japadakshina Department such leave not ex¬
ceeding the periods noted below :—•
(a) (1) Fcr employees appointed for a fixed period not ex¬
ceeding 6 months—15 d-ys with dakshina but not with
allowances.
(2) For employees appointed for a period exceeding six
[months—30 days with dakshina but not with allow-

• (3) For permanent employees-one month in a year with dak¬

shina but not with allowances.

(4) Leave on half dakshina not exceeding i,,e month in a year

on account of sickness or p ivafe affairs to all employees.
(Nole; — Absence on account of pollution shall count as leave).
 45!

(b) It shall be competent to the Assistant Commissioner of

Devaswoms to grant one month's extraordinary leave in a year on for-
feiture of full pay and allowances to all employees of the Japadakshina
Department. It shall also be competent to the Assistant Commissioner
of Devaswoms to grant any kind of leave to any substitute appointed by
him. No leave with dakshina can be accumulated for more than two
years.

IX. It shall be competent to the Superintendent of Devaswoms

to fine for irregularities any employee of the Japadakshina Department
working under him to the extent of Re. (I) one at a time. For graver
irregularities, the Superintendent of Devaswoms should report the matter
to the Assistant Commissioner of Devaswoms lor necessary punishment.
Any employee may however be suspended by the Superintendent of
Devaswoms pending enquiry and final decision by the proper authority.
It shall be competent to the Assistant Commissioner of Devaswoms to
suspend any Japadakshina employee in his District for a period not ex¬
ceeding one month or fine him up to Rs. (2) two. For higher punish¬
ment, the previous sanction of the Devaswom Commissioner should be
obtained. A written intimation of the punishment should invariably be
given to the employees punished showing clearly the reasons for the
punishment. No appeal will lie from a punishment of line. An appeal
should lie to the Devaswom Commissioner in the case of other punish¬
ments and a final appeal shall lie to Government.

X. Substitutes appointed during the absence on leave of the Homa-

kars, Parikarmies etc., should be given all the allowances sanctioned
for the vacant post, other than the dakshina. Any portion of the
dakshina could be given only with the sanction of the Devaswom Com¬
missioner,

XI. A monthly statement of leave granted, of punishments imposed

and of acting arrangements made, should be submitted by the Superin¬
tendent of Devaswoms to the Devaswom Commissioner direct.

. (By order),
Huzur Cutcherry, r R. Krishna Pillai,
Trivandrum, 21st February ’23. J Chief Secretary to Government.
 452

ffliaA. cu51g^°. rocoiib ob 6) ®sjoXiu'aoxjsf1. soil.

«o_iatSffl"]6ro aolg-joAgaaciiolaon tru; ®ucru'l^“ «o ab jt -cA-
CLCO-OonB-aflaeJ 0D-s)cicl@_oocnajjsso jtabji @-oib-^cy-ocra-
aol, (XLcyo. o-ocd-ojo-jj-o crxnwfc&^o, iPab^mo-arj-
s) ■ c»-3S!fflai qjcacn.-05focQj®o n_!©™j«segoc6'- <8SS9o-j§t!«®
6>qj§,p ibjiKi jt «} - ocra-calaaj ou|. oj obey-omen:* oj®
(vujaasrm ogicsal seaicrujo diafl.iunrjaasscqjo ®om51<^cibq<e><^lasi8[fl[b
ffloaagscsjD cr^;o_)aT|2D;!B@S05!o faracu:cS.o®eai3Saaqjj nyaiwfiJAisgaso aHai
(olaacm.TO)® (innacy ffijuawroliolcearm -cugsseeo «ocAcLao.-ooai(baa;o
aojj-^nj aisfiaairuo a ..oocra- Agfiiy (sroaoajel^ylo'.eaaio:—
cq. ssairruja rr^'q-jsni roaofco «sioqj,twl<o6 ®eat>aisl gjlgagi
ogjyo aioDaaeOo, ssqjsbsOo, «>Tu<i4«c0>Oo, coaa&oossaoo, aoqgDp
oojasoruoitftOo gDoJaxs oosln'ocofl crjsitsraltBa.TiDds^.aB qjaroiaiagjgl
olceacro.
o®gjo ®iDOacBso<0&o, aj®!a,aizn<a>Ootflao, ^)oaj®«oruoj
<mi£ko aaatoo flocruaajmogfoo g.a& emtlsmayo imaoaisl^fl^^ enact,
®roej unbtryefeso aqaotruo o-era-tea t§s:nj iroaiceia ac&ogcearm
rail era «sai ni jo aryiyan oQiigjog ajuasmo.
era.. isre®)3eJ«99 50D)l (srasnagjfftaaio cocrooolioi aj»<ruj«wno!o6
cocusisnxabq (moaTltfeaaiaajSMcrn isi®j|®sacfflo «®§A%<!saoQJO <u
dMffi&cnlcno ffiosnag) (yajOTn) cnsragtmnnlao aaisna sayoogjiwgasnicrro
a® (ru^gloQlaiflffloq’ QoassoOtCfii'la'Oici tsroo^oa«D aaoaroioroosgago
oaoDa^aDsmofflooio, ajaiaiaaloQjjatso, sja_i<a«offlooofflcs2o a^sadsioorao
ax»a aoo, gQDoojosnruaJtMoacooacsjia colcail^ ygso.
ngymacoi secu-iujo a^jarslacibo oJ^anficolarmo (sraagjaltob
side ffiuJDaaJojjga CTuoarafflro'eflffllaamn eoiao ogjartmlejo aw qj
zim&iccgm. gee^ccomiioaciio cxi£s«sbm)s>cmo smscxj&M&aofficii qnoj
gaowojioscoiaj s$r<5>eJ0cEsai c/ocoltfiiocdj]. oos(orrol|5i5n§mDo csMaraio® a?
•ifj'W30®'1 rmaoro aol^al^Vajc^^a^criBo as®. ajicoiffifflYofiao
. a® mai6§Wflc0®o(i ooogjootfiscm msQ&y <a& saaacojrtsotrotigloifl
s><eaoq QCos8fflDffic96isngfi3)',(ti6 aflcnoo oQj^oaJaaacib atao^tfiaffnroiosns.
a®lc9fflro5 <TV(b§"lajalc8sioq, oD38jroot9£jl^ag. ass (sro«n_!taflic96)o®aar) <trro
 458

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a^_j§crr>mnc» £^oqjooqP, rare®(so_Daaj a<® <ru't§%-diat9«o<4 oflasaaajdsi
sng®lffi5 ooktioo °®^oa^" aa.ie^snaf5i36r»0,
d■ eeairau: ayig_)6n% (uiactio rane^casTaai saJStaafiisvYxiD]
o-j.ii4|S)aciiid1e4§a. agjajo sflaicrjtaaoiaesaijo s'.aisaumcqjaa ess aoo
mi ©sflogjA aoic^attniwlao a£g(i>yo§ fflAiegjsrBffio <3VDai®as e<asO'
sroago sresjojoiicrvo ac&agcfia; ^acm ®)® fflaiajjekaj aam;o atmcio
<uffll®c«aan8«9osrB@o aigAcrro.
(SiDoa^®oioai> aJro'ta&zfl £$rtnejDcri>! ssjSo^iftDeiagBCtoaasa
gflawossegaas aD.jM'E'ffinB'ffil sf!wco<iaaoffleoo rofcd].iy;®!iMcTr> ao
anoiuS] aroajmjDcnldacTTinnlas^croaamjo ^eca.' gofrr.gocm siairoo sgTI
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G. 0. R. Dis. No. 339 of 23/G. B. dated 19th May 1923.

T. A. to Mampally Pandarathil.

With reference to your note R. O. C. No. 1935/22, dated the 7th

February 1923, regarding the travelling allowance to the Mampalli
Pandarathil in connection with the performance of Bhattadanoms,
Kettivechu Namaskarams, etc., I have the honor to inform you that
Government accept your proposal to revise the T. A. of the Pandarathil
with reference to the number of miles to be travelled, the rate of mile¬
age and daily allowance to be sanctioned and the number of days that
may be allowed to him and his servants to halt at the several places.
2. As the total distance to be covered is 412 miles, Government
sanctions rate of chackrams (14) fourteen per mile for the distance
actually travelled by the Pandarathil, thus giving him a mileage of
Rs. 206. As regards the number of days required to cover the
journeys, the Pandarathil, may be allowed one more day for his journey
to and halt at Mavelikara, Kandiyur and Haripad, in addition to the
24 days recommended by you, thus giving him the benefit of 25 days
for all his journeys and halts together. A daily allowance of Rs. 7 is
sanctioned to the Pandarathil as recommended. As the Pandarathil
has to meet the expenses of a retinue of servants accompanying him,
daily allowance is sanctioned to him even for the days on which he
draws mileage. Thus he will draw Rs. 175 on account of daily
allowance. Sanction is therefore accorded to his consolidated allow¬
ance of Rs. 55 being raised to Rs. 381 per annum from 1098 onwards,
tf he attends to all the ceremonies in person.
 457

3. Government also sanction actual expenses limited to a mileage of

chackrams t4; four and a daily allowance of chackrams (14) fourteen
being granted to: his deputy when the ceremonies are not personally
conducted by the Pandarathil ■
4. In regard to the arrears from 1085 to 1097, Government accept
your proposal to give the Pandarathil the following allowances in ad¬
dition to the annual allowance of Rs. 55 formerly sanctioned to him.
(1) A sum of Rs. 35 for the 7 days’ journey to Thodupuzha for
the year in which he visited that place.
(2) A sum of Rs. 34 lor his journey to Ettumanur for the year
in which he visited that place.
(3) A sum of Rs. 73 for his journey to Kidangoor for the year
iu which he visited that place.
The arrears may be paid on the above calculation after obtaining a
certificate from the Pandarathil as to the places visited by him person¬
ally for the purpose of conducting the ceremonies.
5. Special funds to the extent of Rs. 2,942 are also sanctioned for
the payment of arrears from J 08 5 to 1097 on receipt of a certificate
from the Pandarathil as to the places visited by him and of the allowance
for 1098 as per the new scale, the bills presented by the Pandarathil on
this account being passed by the Assistant Commissioner concerned and
countersigned by the Devaswom Commissioner.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 55/25/G. B. dated 24th March 1925

Payment to Mathilagom.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 1044 of 24|Acc.,

dated the 25th December 1924, regarding payments to the Mathilagom
and die Palace from your Department, 1 haye the honor to inform you
that Government approve your proposal that, in regard to payments to
the Mathilagom, the Kariakar, the Chief Officer in the Mathilagom, be
asked to receive the Dakshina amount required for a month on the last
day of the previous month and to issue a receipt therefor to the Superin¬
tendent of Devaswoms, Valiachalai. The Sarvadhikariakar, Palace,
has been addressed accordingly.
2. As regards your proposal to remit the Dakshina amounts for the
Thevarapura in the Palace into the Nithiachilavu, the Sarvadhikariakar
says that the Nithiachilavu cannot be entrusted with such duties,
 458

G. O. R O. C. No. 303 of 261G. B. dated the 5th July 1926,

Payment of Dakshina for Thevarapura in Matbilagom.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 1044 of 24, dated

the 29th May 1926, regarding payments of Dakshina amounts ifor the
Thevarappura in the Palace, I have the honour to inform you that the
Dakshina amounts required for a month may be remitted in a lump into
the Nithiachiiavu Treasury on the last day of the previous month and to
request that you will be so good as to arrange accordingly. The Pri¬
vate Secretary to Her Highness the Maharani Regent has been informed
of the above arrangement.

Extract from Government Proceedings Dis. No. 1559/26]Revenue,

dated Trivandrum, 22nd October 192616th Thulam 1102.
Supply of Dharmappullu.

9. As regards Dharmappullu, 54,726 loads of grass have to be sup¬

plied annually by the Kandukrishi tenants under the Champakulam,
Kainakari, Panaveli, Kozhimukku, Nedumudi and Talavadi Nelpuras.
The supply is utilised as a charity for the feeding of cattle attached to
the Ambalapuzha Devaswom and also for other cattle in and about
Ambalapuzha. On an average, 150 loads of grass have to be supplied
daily by the Kandukrishi tenants attached to the above said six Nel¬
puras. For all the 54,726 loads of grass, a pathivu vila of 1,719 paras
and 6 edangalies of paddy is paid to the tenants in cash calculated at
the commutation rate of 11 chs. per para. The money value of the
pathivu vila comes to Rs. 675 chs. 15 cash 9, i. e., 5'5 cash per load of
grass. For every load of grass in respect of which there is default in
supply by the tenants, vilavasi at the rate of 1 i chs, is recovered, ft
was usual to make provision for this expenditure under pathivu vila for
Dharmappullu in the State Charities budget. From the year 1098, when
the State Devaswoms were separated, this item was omitted in the State
Budget and the question of dispensing with the service and making a
money provision for the purpose of carrying on the charity has been
under the consideration of the Government. The Government find that
the grass is supplied as a charity for feeding stray cattle and that it is
not intended exclusively for Devaswom cattle although the latter also
are fed out of the grass supplied by die tenants under the Oozhiam. The
charity being a charge to which the Kandukrishi tenants are subject,
there is reason to suppose that it was instituted by the Royal household.
The Government therefore consider it advisable to continue the charity
and to entrust its administration to the Devaswom Department. As in
the case eati and gnavara the tenants burdened with this service do not
make the supply either regularly or in full. The Government therefore
resolve that, in the best interests of the tenants they be discharged from
 459

this obligation altogether. For the future conduct of the charity, a suit¬
able allotment will be provided annually in the State Charities budget.
The’Devaswom Commissioner is requested to utilise the funds and
arrange to conduct the charity efficiently. The Government desire to
make it clear, in this connection, that the charity is intended for the
cattle of die locality and not exclusively for the cattle attached to the
Ambalapuzha Devaswom,
12. The scheme as detailed above will be brought into effect from
the 1 st Meenam 1102, provided the majority of Kandukrishi tenants
signify their consent, within a period to be fixed, to paddy rent being
converted into money at the commutation rate herein fixed. Should
any tenants prefer to continue to pay the rent in paddy, the introduction
of the scheme will not be delayed on that account, but a separate
account will be opened for such tenants and the scheme will be given
effect to in respect of those who accept the conversion into money. The
Government desire it to be clearly understood that this order effects a
change merely in the manner of payment of the pattom on Kandukrishi
lands and will not in any way affect their tenure as Crown lands. The
scheme will mot apply to Kandukrishi Tanatu lands.

G. O. D. Dis. No. 456 of 26/G. B. dated the 27th October 1926.

Repairs to Travancore Satram at Benares.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 2104 of 24/Acc,,

dated the 5th September 1926, re: repairs to the Travancore Satram at
Benares, I have the honour to inform you that Government approve your
suggestion that it would be well to have the present building dismantled
and a new one constructed under the supervision of Mr. Thomas, Sub-
Engineer at Delhi, the funds required being provided in the Budget.
The necessary estimates may be called for from the Sub Engineer.
In regard to the number of Brahmins to be fed at Benares, Gov¬
ernment sanction a rate of 4 as. per head, the number of Brahmins to be
fed being reduced to 24. It is noted that this arrangement would result
in a saving of 3 as. per diem.

G. 0. Dis. No. 427/27/Revenue dated the 8tb April 1927.

Supply of Dharmappullu.
1 have the honour to invite your attention to paragraph 9 of G. 0,
Dis. No. 1559 of 26/Revenue, dated the 22nd October 1926, regard¬
ing the supply of Dharmappullu for cattle by the tenants of Kandukrishi
lands and to observe that the annual expenditure the Kandukrishi De¬
partment had to meet in the past on account of pathivuvila for the Dhar-
mapullu amounted to Rs. 676 in round numbers. Government sanction
this sum being provided annually in the State Charities budget for the
 460
conduct of the Charity in future. Sanction is also accorded to an addi¬
tional allotment of Rs. (282) two hundred and eigh'y two in the State
Charity Budget for the current year to meet the cost of the supply of
grass for live months from Meenom 1102. i request that you will be
so good as to utilise the funds and make necessary arrangements for the
charity being conducted efficiently.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 2o9of 27/G. B. dated the 25th July 1927.

re payment to Mathilagom.

Referring to my letter R. Dis. No. 303126, dated the 5th July

1926, regarding arrangements for payment of Dakshina amounts for
the Thevarapura in the Palace from the Devaswom Department, I
have the honour to forward herewith copy of Palace Sadhanam
No. 10461, dated the 23rd Mithunam 1102 containing certain further
directions in regard to payments made from your departmental budget
and from the Utsavamatom. I request that you will be so good as to
arrange for the payments relating to your department being regulated on
the lines indicated in the Palace Sadhanom from Chingom 1103 on¬
wards. The Account Officer harijeen informed of the above arrange-

2. As regards payments from the Utsavamatom, orders have issued

o the First Tahsildar, Trivandrum.
(Enclosure.)
o (drro^

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ca)“o-J<fli(tSc3«®ci(>owcajao a.((3)a-io a-ai^o^ a. cfeoago afl(Bioa-]6roa;<a>
ooSlejo Bio^csoa^grjSDjo goDCrajascnjoicajo (aroffllcoan^Omajo’ nruosm
ctujI^ fflraolaAag.jc&go mjaBacogDcnamlejo £m>Qjaoffirof)«6 o-Kro)
oj ®a>o«rrflg6n§”.
eaoJsruJo (BiBirulcj^obq, Aamlaii6im<i> (tnoai^agjglroldKjcrniEiSajo
®ai f^oaooruo a. o ooa^sDm)ae aery ejlcj^ratsacmrBflioi raagoaultai
aaacoo aaooa oigj «no0cruaao ejlcjjjl®6 @§®<o4 <fl>oaaio ojcnosajo
A(rnm)3(i»offl6 tajl migjajuloo’lffii oolcrco a-i6moaj«S(ow1 aQOojyl.aaan
<ml«a6 (tnaacnjOJo m>& <ej0«sroinn>o«6 mo^tonon®. <n)0snjcmf|ry isra
«001(5AcgiOjo fficnfflla§<asoQ4cm(B)aamr. juroaaiaOo <&fini>eo<a> oaT&iigjo
slactart aiOTajTOviaDsggjcmffio isrortnlaobo AiorroAoIlsj aaejoan?<&(jf]<ci6
^^rtnobtflnioaoai'i ai®aaacTB2fe.(ga!o<a>cfio. <a<D oflaiicsssOo Aosrrfl^ <®1
<waoo|^jol«£»l|yioft®ot)Oac(8osio ®t9iO§o®<)®aflDagj(Dj(jisc«J(i!8nrv)cij(ruo«m
 462’

crufl^y a-aalsmgOoag-js oJtfccgjj, eaoJmijo aDlg-j0(&|aacriirflri aJraj]

aji£bS)aan@l®lcBQrm(t!iDeai <sis>s>snsoaro.ea d a.s> xui&oji cS&,a
oolffi& jiiio-M lulejafltasTlajjaa. cn. s) ot> o asa-io .0 d aoqs> ssoj
(ruJoaulg-jO(i|6)anl)Q, snia^oo, gg^ssnnlfflictflctroo raromfl3i06n^“ oi®ffloe
ironM (oflascuaoooajioo cuilafldiiao®6 ©oaoWejo .ajflttflScfcOodja oroui
(wosnsaimwcfl.'strotaycaofflo eoisnsloJits m rruosyj aifi^aadMcmrocra-rual
seojrruJo cu51oja<i|aani)olejo 00100 acfliogoffloool^^lejafiajc,
SBOC/O-KOdmiOJdWOfflaS sigJ^Ooaij^, SAOra-loJeroo <fc&KUO
<fiaa®0ogj§ojraaas oocaigo g)ffi<&Co eocnoafi<fto8>o cryig-jsnalaniio aoo
®jii af)<n>“oQ arugjcrn®aocTua',jrj ce^/oosa^isa-ioaejsiBiviajizioo 0&jo
00)810 IBHIOTOSiScUSSifilOcB&o,
toIotjooIsocoo, aatruojIooooMo, aragansueoaio Qicia'ocfflgj goffloo-ia
dtruoic^s <8ro®"la:anru0<6>ooo §Dt>c/oJ®smja)a)^(^ufD®a)ajao<Broi1ffl6
aJiwlojga sroolaao^tftOo aAogotoo *ertoO®nam^GrodMoigjiaiofflQ4o
ojitsom ^ilssaaocruo ^(W(o6at0)O§ylQ_joob jLi§oa<fl><8§arB«s))aa isroollas
ssnioajInjlcMrmffirimocQrii ogj^rtolsrocfflc^sroacaoiro Agjliy.
gga^joglaiDgjOo ajioaloBjaniiaJIgg. ojoa3)).a^ slaiooi)'
si (sroaii&c&ags eaajaco1o-j]gjaiai3sa<aa3)o eai^roo gDanycjjpcM cruo
cocoo a®^®)~ wlssaong^laaj aajyoioa . ffi<n>ig>§o).
J3 O Q_O0O6n§
alujoDaorrooeQ-ooco- ata. aoosoMsrociiQ-isnaoa) (ag-j“).

Palace Sadhanam No. 4015/336/06 dated 14-6-06.

Payment of Dakshina to Eswarasevakars of Mathilakom—
Procedure for
d 0 =o ®
cocai(4
caoxor)/ o tro
aAOguroo (0>5)a.rfltTyo
(oflfisoJoooiroajao
j) 0 ono a>&<6oea d-oocr?-
gulsaitmo' arut^l-maojl®0. atmleuAisw) aenrujajSaJc96ioo8>ocB)
TOtry®1aoc6fei> ssoiou-io ajoljj-jo&paaoiiiolrt o-irsilajaa. Scftfislero <cQg-^
rry^aii igaiDorolmo a&oggra) oirm oQ}<i^o§8<§9©a-j§(tHisri aosioo 00
rma8HB)cg>0as& cuaroo afmjaj&o eaiocg|<a«ioo(isas snflg^lcfiiQjtfcafflo ®a>§T
aeMaamo) CDcn^rolai).* ata,o§ry1dMomm]cio ce>gjqo(a-)<8>offlo imU^)
 (ulcnic(mo>)aD 5) (dcn.ao./cn @ ctq-Oo roaauffllffii J} o «xi ggsaio
Q-eD-oocra- ama’itsl'BrDgaigjlssa®)o (srematioru®!^ crjsmrnlaasscmsgao

0<u>)fij ao ^c®_i©e'n)a:cefflOc0^ cufislaiss (Too goffiajoOo asojtrujo

Qo-joaOitrulroi a-florroo (srcrsngD <Bi®§§.<ftOo<fla scoolg atfeosiawi aids
oDigaocQ) scSfliiGnoaiAgjsTOQjo «fli(D6Qi1aiffln^j@8Qjoaej armocoH a
srulejo igjcftofflo fflt9>§l(iios5sl a a>o§g_j)<j09crr>Sl!“ 6><ro®ie.o2)
aoasTliolAaaacno ^yrr\j(cysn§ o^^mflwBcoiijIrolascrrfflriaxgjoclaRnl
aj*B <flj5gj<esiooKsas olegjodi^ artTnlaldramiaflaJ©!) «nlraaaoogrgdl®i
xyajflacibo soooaio (sroiwloasr^o aroil&jcao gD©oo_!®S(ruaio9«Ots£3 qj
fflilajaa Qcflfttl-imaso amimog) aocro6>®ra<B9g&.@" armscol 2«»|eicfl>oca>a
gjt9fflOO®as srulgjo (g_)(&iO®o s>ta>o§a_jla_jocii> oaguacai^aTKijflao ogj^
<m)■srocracfisiemaacra caajoo aicmlioldMsenD.
jjgajajtwlsKBigjo' ajocoDzy seaitruJo c&aalinsrorf) <sro
QJittfibaasiftOoa-p^ aJtg^sjjo arusrn-. SQ®zyojgi<B8 rruococoo agj^
traloa) a£9>ogo®onrudl3oj|AOgj«jO(i e><&. aooffloemsrnaiajsrBDaj.
cD jiont) aASo j^d-ooca-

G. O. R. Dis. No. 969/31/Rev., dated the 10th July 1931.

Supervision charges for Vazhivadus in Thiruppathy temple.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 923/31, dated the

21st June 1931, I have the honour to inform you that, in the circum¬
stances reported, Government sanction the payment of the sum of Br.
Rs. (6) six only per annum with effect from the 1st July 1931, on account
of the supervision fee for conducting the three kinds of vazhivadus in the
Thirupathi Thirumala temple on behalf of this State, the expenditure
being met from “ 24 B. Grants to temples outside the State.’'

G. O. R. Dis. No. 1182|3l/Rev., dated the 19th August 1931.

Cart Hire to Benares Agent.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 6306/31/Acc., dated

the 7th August 1931, I have the honour to inform you that, in the
circumstances stated. Government sanction an expenditure of Annas
(12) twelve only for cart-hire to- the Travancore Agent, Benares
Satrom, for his journey to and from the Imperial Bank of India at
 464

G. 0. R. 0. C. No. 766/32!Dev., dated 12th August 1932.

Disbursement of allowance to Pushpanjali Swamiyar.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 36/31, dated the 30th

June' 1932, re:disbursement of the allowances due to the Pushpanjali
Swamiyars in the Mathilakam, I have the honour to inform you that, in
the circumstances. Government empower you, as a special case to pre¬
sent the bill for the claim of the allowances to the Pushpanjali Swami-
yars for a month on or after the 25th of that month dispensing with
the usual certificate as suggested by the Account Officer (Vide copy
of his U. O. No. Kott. 1527 dated 5-8-32).

No. 231. Palace, Trivandrum,

14th February 1.933.
My dear Sir,
I send herewith for your information copy of my D. O. No. 421
dated 14-2-1933 regarding the stoppage of certain Thiruvelies and
Pattathanoms "connected therewith and request that you will be so
good as to arrange for the stoppage of all Pattathanoms connected with
the Thiruvelies anterior to the Thiruveli of His Highness the late Sri
Mulam Thirunal Maharaja.
Please also arrange for the recipients of the Pattathanoms being
informed of the stoppage sufficiently early to avoid disappointment, if
necessary with die help of Taluk Tahsildars.
I am etc.,
A. Nallaperumal Pillai.
R. Yenkitarama Dikshitar Esq, b, a., & B. r,., B. E., m. E.,
Devaswom Commissioner, Trivandrum.

(Enclosure.)
Very Urgent.
No. 421)525 of 1108. Palace, Trivandrum.
14th February 1933.
In inviting your kind attention to my Sadhanom No. 483/525/08,.
dated the 28th Makaram 1.108 cbnveying the sanction of His Highness
the Maharaja for the stoppage of all Thiruvelies anterior to the Thiru¬
veli of His Highness the late Sri Mulam Thirunal Maharaja as per list
forwarded therewith and calling for details connected with the expendi¬
ture _ on account of Pattathanoms connected with these Thiruvelies,
(anniversaries of demised members of the Royal House of Travancore)
I beg tc inform you that His Highness the Maharaja has been pleased
to sanction all Pattathanoms connected with the Thiruvelies that have
been stopped being also formally abolished immediately.
 465

2. The expenditure on account of these Pattathanoms is being met

from the State Charity Budget. I request you will be so good as to
arrange for detailed statistics of the expenditure on this account being
prepared and sent to me for submission as expeditiously as possible.
The Pattathanoms are now being conducted by the Devaswom
Department and in some instances same expenditure is incurred by the
Ulsavamadom, Trivandrum, f request that immediate instructions may
be issued to these two agencies to give effect to the Royal sanction
without any delay.
There is a Thiruveli Pattathanom as early as 1 IthKumbhom 1108
and the recipients of the Pattathanom should he informed of the stop¬
page of this sufficiently early to avoid possible disappointment. The
matter may therefore be treated as emergent.
I may add that all expenses borne by the State as well as by the
Palace in respect of the Thiruvelies now abolished such as Sarvani,
Prathigrahom, Danom, Dakshina, Pattathanoms, etc., have been com¬
pletely done away with. The statement of expenditure incurred by
the State on Pattathanom, Thiruveli etc., barring the Thiruveli of His
Highness the late Sri Mulam Thirunal Maharaja already called for is
urgently awaited. I shall address you again on this on receipt of your
reply.

A. Nallaperumal Pillai.
T. Austin Esquire, i. c. s„ Bar-at-Law,
Dewan of Travancore.

G. O. C. No. 7157 of 33lGenl. dated the 16th February 1933.

Stoppage of Pattathanams and Thiruvelies.

In inviting your attention to this Office docket ,R. O. C.

No. 7157133 Genl., dated the 15th February 1933, regarding the stop¬
page of all Thiruvelies anterior to the Thiruveli of His Highness the
late Sri Mulam Thirunal Maharaja as per list mentioned therein and
calling for details connected with the expenditure on account of Patta¬
thanams connected with these Thiruvelies (Anniversaries of demised
members of the Royal House of Travancore), I have the honour to in¬
form you that His Highness the Maharaja has been pleased to sanction
all Pattathanams connected with the Thiruvelies that have been stopped,
being also formally abolished immediately. 1 request that you will be
so good as to give effect to this order immediately so far as the expendi¬
ture on this account incurred through the Devaswom Department and
from the State Charities Budget is concerned. The Land Revenue
Commissioner and the First Tahsildar have both been informed about
 466

this so far as the expenditure incurred on this account from the Land
Revenue Department and Ulsavamadom respectively is concerned;
They have also been requested to give effect to this order immediately.
In this connection I also request that you will be so good as to
arrange for detailed statistics of the expenditure on this account incurred
from the Devaswom Department being prepared and submitted to Gov¬
ernment as expeditiously as possible. Government should have these
statistics within a week from the date of this order. Stringent instruc¬
tions may therefore be issued in the matter for the submission of the
statistics within the time. Statistics in respect of expenditure incurred
by the Land Revenue Department and from the Ulsavamadom by the
First Tahsildar have also been urgently called for.
There is a Tbiruveli Pattathanam as early as 11 th Kumbhom 1108
and the recipients of the Pattathanam should be informed of the stoppage
of this sufficiently early to avoid possible disappointment. The Land
Revenue Commissioner and the First Tahsildar have both been
addressed in this matter and similar instructions from the Devaswom
Department should also issue forthwith.
I may also inform you that all expenses borne by the State as well
as by the Palace in respect of the Thiruvelies now abolished such as
Sarvani, Prathigrahom, Danom, Dakshina, Pattathanam &c., have, been
completely done away with. The statement of expenditure incurred by
the State through the Devaswom Department on Pattathanom, Thiruveli
&c., barring the Thiruveli of His Highness the late Sri Mulam Thirunal
Maha Raja is urgently awaited and should be sent up to Government
within a week, as already ordered above.

No. 635 Palace, Trivandrum.

2nd March 1933.
My dear Sir,
1 beg to inform you that it was reported that the practice followed
at present in re : the expenditure on account of Japadakshina and Pokku-
varathukars seriously inconvenienced the Office of the Superintendent of
Devaswoms, Vah’acJbala Group, who while having no control over the
expenditure was burdened with the duty of drawing every month from
the Pre Audit Treasury two to three thousand Rupees on the above
account and remitting the same in cash into the Mathilagom Treasury,
On a carefull consideration of the question and approving the views
of the Account Officer and the Devaswom Commissioner in this behalf,
His Highness the Maha Raja has been pleased to command that the
amount on account of Japadakshina and Pokkuvarathukars be disbursed
 467

;from the Pre Audit Treasury dtcecl to " Mathilagom Kariafear on

presentation of abstract bills drawn up by the latter, the existing arrange¬
ment in regard to the expenditure being discontinued.
I am commanded to request that you will be so good as to issue
the necessary orders in the matter accordingly.
I am &c„
A. NALLAPERUMAL PILLAI,

T. AUSTIN Esq. I. c. s„ Bar-at-law,

Dewan of Tracanco re.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 192/33/Dev., dated the 24th March 1933.

Payment of allowance to Kappiyur Swamiyar.

With reference to the correspondence resting with your office

letter R. O. C. No. 8595,77, dated the 31st May 1932, re : the pay¬
ment of arrears of allowance claimed by Kappiyur Narayana Bharathi
Swamiyar of Naduvila Matom Trichur, I have the honor to inform you
that Government have carefully considered the claims of the Swamiyar
for the Elamura allowance and Mooppu Sthanom allowance and have
been pleased to order as follows:—
The first proposal made by the Devaswom Commissioner
Mr.O. S. Ramaswami Aiyer was that the Elamura allowance of Rs. 1780
per annum should be given to the Kappiyur Swamiyar from the 25th
Edavom 1090 to the end of 1102 M. e.
It has been decreed by the High Court of Madras that Kappiyur
Swamiyar attained the Mooppu Sthanom of the Naduvila Matom on the
25th Edavom 1090. There is therefore obviously no justification what¬
ever to pay him the arrears of Elamura allowance from that date on¬
wards. The recommendation for the Elamura allowance is thus not in
order and cannot be sanctioned.
2. The next question for consideration is whether the claim of the
Kappiyur Swamiyar for the Mooppu Sthanom allowance from
25-10-1090 is sustainable.
The records have disclosed only two instances when the Mooppu
Swamiyar Naduvila Matom appears to have been granted the Mooppu
allowance, namely, to Pakaravur Subramonia Bharathigal in 1061 M. E.
and to Thaikat Swamiyar in 1068 m. e. 'The Palace Sadhanoms
 468

sanctioning these allowances throw no light as to their hereditary nature.

On the con'rary, there is ample evidence to establish that these two
grants were not based on any custom but were purely discretionary and
personal. For, the records show that in respect of the grant made in
1061 si. li. to Pakaravur Subramonia Bharathikal, the grant appears to
have been made in consideration of the.Donee’s old age and sickness and
that in regard to the grant made to the Taikat Swamiyar in 1068 the
wording of the Palace Sadhanom No. 2287, dated the 1 1 th Karkatakom
1068, does not even hint at the hereditary nature of the allowance.
These are the only two instances in point and they are not sufficient to
infer a custom which has to be respected for all time. Further, it is
also clear from the records that when the above-said allowances were
granted in 1061 and 1068, the grantees were not Pushpanjali Swamiyars
and that whenever a Mooppu (or Eiamura) Swamiyar is appointed
Pushpanjali Swamiyar, the higher allowance due to the latter is alone
granted and the other allowance stopped. The Pushpanjali Swamiyars
are given a decent allowance of Rs. 5,000 per annum besides other
perquisites. This is most adequate considering that the living of these
ascetics who have not got any appreciable worldly expenses must be
cheap. Government therefore consider that neither the Mooppu
Sthanomholder nor the Eiamura Sthanom holder of the Trichur Nadu-
vila Matom is entitled to claim any allowance from this Government and
that their claim to get 32^ Edangalies of rice and Koppu per day for the
Mooppu Stanom holder and 16} edangalies of rice and Koppu per day
for the Eiamura Sthanom holder has not been established and is not
sustainable. Government accordingly reject their prayer. I request
that you will be so good as to inform the Swamiyars of the above
decision.

G. O- Dis. No. 526135/ Dev. dated 2nd July 1935.

Conduct of Charities at Tiruchendur.

With reference to the correspondence ending with your letter

R O. C. No. 2200/32, dated the 29th May 1935, re: conduct of the
charities of the late Fouzadari Commissioner in the Tiruchendur temple,
1 have the honor to inform you that Government sanction the yearly
donation of B. Rs. (1472) one thousand four hundred and seventy two
being paid in advance to the Dharmaparipalana Saktidara Bhajana Sabha
in four quarterly instalments as per details noted at foot.
2. Government also approve of the following procedure in regard to
the issue of cheque in favour of the Sabha,
 469

3. (i) The Sabha should send a receipt to the Superintendent of

Devaswoms, Shencotta Group quarterly in advance.
(ii) The Superintendent on the basis of the above receipt should
make a request to the Account Officer through the Assistant Com¬
missioner of Devaswoms, Trivandrum, to arrange for a Bank cheque
being issued in the Superintendent’s favour payable .from the Imperial
Bank at Tinnevelly;
(iii) The Account Officer should send the required cheque to the
Superintendent through the Assistant Commissioner ; and
(iv, The Superintendent should send the cheque duly endorsed in
favour of the Secretary of the Sabha.
(1) First quarter Br. Rs. 500
(2) Second „ „ 200
,3) Third „ „ 500
(4) Fourth ,, „ 272

Total Br. Rs. 1472

G. O, R. O. C. No. 6061/34, Genl. dated 9’h June 1936.

Stoppage of Bhattadanams in the Thiruvaltam Temple

With reference to the correspondence resting with your letter

R. O. C. No. 1661/33, dated the 29th April 1936, regarding the dis¬
continuance of the “Bhattadanams” and “ Thiruvelies ’’ relating to the
period anterior to that of His Highness Sri Mulam Thirunal, the late
Maharaja, I have the honr to inform you that, in the circumstances stated
Government sanction the thirty-four Thiruvelies and Bhattadanams in
the Thiruvallam temple, Vaiiachala Group, as per the list forwarded
with your letter quoted above, being stopped.

CHAPTER XVIII.
GRANT-IN-AID INSTITUTIONS.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 672 of 22|G. B. dated 1 1th December 1922.

Expenditure for the conduct of Gridhadhara.

The expenditure on account of Gridhadhara ceremony in the ten

Scheduled Devaswoms (noted below) should be met from the Devaswom
 470

Fund. In regard, however, to the ceremony in the two private Deva-

swoms of Thickurichi and Thiruvidacode, the expenditure may be
debited to the allotment under “Grants to private temples” in the State
Budget.
Thirumala 6. Nilakantaswami Koil.
2. Thripparappu 7. Melamcode.
3- Thirunanthikkara 8. Thiruvithamcode.
4. Fonmana 9. Thrippannicode.
5. Pannippakam 10. Nattalam.

Extract from G. O. Dis. No. 315 of 22!G B., dated Trivandrum

11th August 1922.

(ii) Grants to Charitable Institutions.

(a) Within the State. Under this head comes the grant made
by Government to the Friend-in-need Society and also the grant for the
maintenance of monuments erected over the graves of Europeans.
These grants are now administered by the Chief Secretary to Govern¬
ment. The expenditure is being debited under 25 miscellaneous from
1096. The existing arrangement should continue.
(b) Outside the State. Grants to Charitable Institutions
Outside the State include those to (1) the Kannadian Satrom, and
(2) Thirukkanamkudi Satrom disbursed by the Dewan Peishkar, Quilon,
(3) Grant to Thlruvaduthura Matom and (4) the grant to the Badari-
nath temple feeding disbursed by the Chief Secretary to Government.
All the four items will, as hitherto, be provided in the State budget, but
their control will be transferred to the Devaswom Commissioner.
(iii) Miscellaneous.
Under miscellaneous payments are included (1)' Donations to
orphans (2) Lighting the Verapoly Church and (3) Other items. Of
these (I j and (2) have been transferred to 25 - miscellaneous from 1096
and are being administered by tbe Peifhkars. These items should here¬
after be administered by the Chief Secretary to Government through the
Peishkars. As regards item (3) which consists of miscellaneous expen¬
ses relating to distribution of Conjee, conduct of Sastbaprithi, Kalabham,
Sadya, Thirubeli &c., the several Dewan Peishkars now exercise con¬
trol, These should go over to the Devaswom Commissioner.
 471

G. O. R. DU. No. 86123/G. B. dated the 12th February 1923.

Commutation of paddy allowance for the payment of grants to pri¬
vate Devaswoms.

With reference to the correspondence ending with your letter R.O.

C. No. 1077 of 22JAcc., dated 13/ 15th December 1?22, regarding the
fixing of grants to Private Devaswoms wholly in cash, 1 have the honor
to inform you that, in the circumstances brought to notice, Government
sanction your proposal to commute the paddy allowance to Private
Devaswoms within the State at the rate of (20) twenty chackrams per
para of paddy.

G. O. DU. No. 293(23|G. B. dated the 2nd May 1923.

Grants to Sreepadam temples to be paid in kind.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 867 of 23/Cor. dated

the 2 Jth March 1923,1 have the honor to inform you that, in the cir¬
cumstances stated, Government sanction the Devaswoms belonging to
the Sreepadam being allowed, as a special case, to. enjoy their grants
both in paddy and in cash as hitherto.

G. O. Dis. No. 1370/23/G. B- dated the 28th November 1923.

Grant to Thiruvidakodu Devaswom to be paid in kind.

With reference to your letter R.O. C. No. 3 200/23, dated the

16th October 1923.1 have the honour to inform you that, as recom¬
mended Government sanction the Thiruvidacode Devaswom under the
management of the Sri Pandaravagai Department, being exempted from
the operation of G. O. R. Dis. No. 86/23IG. B., dated the 12th February
1923, sanctioning the commutation of the paddy grant to certain private
Devaswoms into money at Chs. 20 per para, and the continuance of the
grant due to it in paddy as hitherto.

G. O. R. Dis. No. 779 of 23|G. B. dated 29th November 1923.

Sending of grant amounts to extra-territorial Devaswoms.

Government sanction your proposal to send grants in future to ex¬

tra-territorial Devaswoms, by money order.
 472

G O Dis. No. I 702 of 34/Edn„ dated 13th October 1934.

Payment of grants to Vedic Schools.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 5292/34. dated the

5th July 1934, re: debiting of the expenditure on account o( the payment
of grants to the Vedic Schools at Thriperumthura and Monkompu to
the Devaswom Fund, 1 have the honor to inform you that funds required
for 1110 m. k. for the payment of grants to these two Vedic Schools
at Rs. 22i per mensem each, have already been provided in the budget
of the Education Department. One or two months’ grants may have
been paid to the Vedic Schools by the Education Department. The
Director is beinn asked to surrender the remaining amount provided in
the budget of his Department for payment of grants to the Vedic
Schools. Government sanction the provision of an equivalent amount
for payment of grants to the above two Vedic Schools as an additional
allotment to your Department under “24 C. Devaswoms—Othoottus"
by diversion.

CHAPTER XIX.
MISCELLANEOUS.

Resolution of the Government of His Highness the Maharaja of

Travancore dated 21-1-1888 relating to the connection ol officers in
the service of Government with the Press.

1. No officer in the service ol Government is permitted, without

the previous sanction in writing of the Government of His Highness
the Maharaja, to become the proprietor either in whole or in part of
any newspaper or periodical publication or to edit or manage any news¬
paper or publication. Such sanction will only be given in the case of
newspapers or publications mainly devoted to the discussion of topics
not of a political character, such for instance as art, science or litera¬
ture. The sanction will be liable to be withdrawn at the discretion
at the Government.
2. Officers in the service of Government are not prohibited from
contributing to, the Public Press, but their position makes it incumbent
upon them to contain themselves within the limits of temperate and
reasonable discussion; and (hey are prohibited from making public,
without the previous sanction of Government, any documents, papers, or
information of which they may become possessed in their official capa¬
city. In case of a departure from these rules, or if the Government
should consider the connection of any officer with the Press to be
contrary to the public interests, his liberty to contribute will be
withdrawn.
 473
3. The Government will decide, in ease of doubt, whether any
engagements of officers with the Press are consistent with the discharge
o.f their duties to the Government.

Notification dated 7-4-1391 prohibiting the communication of official

papers to newspapers or private persons.

Under command of His Highness the Maha Raja, it is hereby

notified that, except in cases where the publication of official papers is
duly authorised by Government, the communication of such documents
to the newspapers or to any private person, except as provided for in
the orders relating to jgiving copies to interested parties is strictly
prohibited,

■ Notification dated 15-6-1891 prohibiting public servants from accept¬

ing valedictory or complimentary addresses.

Under sanction of H. H. the Maha'Raja, it is hereby notified that

public servants are prohibited from accepting valedictory or other com¬
plimentary addresses or testimonies of any kind, when transferred or
promoted from one (district or office to another.-

Notification dated 17-6-1891 regarding the attitude to be maintained

by officers of Government towards political movements.

His Highness the Maha Raja has had under consideration the
attitude which should be maintained by officers in the service of
Government towards political or quasi-political-movements with which
they may be brought in contact. Servants of Government have not the
same liberty of action as private individuals, and are bound to hold
themselves aloof from many movements which are perfectly legitimate in
themselves and which private persons are free to promote. Their parti¬
cipation in such movements is open to objection, because their connec¬
tion with them is likely to create and even to be appealed to for the
purpose of creating a false impression in the minds of ignorant persons
that such movements have the countenance of Government, and because
their influence with the community at large is liable to be impaired by
* Vida also notification dated 17-8-1896,
 474

their identifying themselves with the class by which the movement is

promoted.
2. For these reasons His Highness the Maharaja is pleased to
command the following rules being observed by all Government
servants : —
(a) As a general rule, no officar of Government should attend at
a political meeting, where the fact of his presence i3 likely to be mis-
construed or to impair his usefulness as an official.
(b) No officer of Government may take part in the proceedings of
a political meeting or agitation.
(c) If in any case an officer is in do.ubt whether any action which
he propses to take would contravene the terms of this order, the matter
should be referred to the Huzur through the Head of the Department.

Government Notification dated 17-3-1896 regarding the prohibition to

the accepting of valedictory addresses.

His Highness’ Government having reason to believe that consider¬

able misconception prevails in the matter of valedictory addresses, pre¬
sents etc., to officers retiring from the public service, it is hereby noti¬
fied under sanction of His Highness the Maha Raja that the prohibition
contained in tbe Notification dated I 5th June 1891 is extended to the
case of all officers severing their connection with the service either tem¬
porarily or permanently.

Rules regulating enquiries into the conduct of Public Servants passed

by His Highness the Maha Rajah under date the 12th December
1896|29th Vrischigom 1072 in supersession of the Proceedings
dated 13th November 1891, No. 5740[M. 2393.
Preliminary.
. 1. For purposes of these Rules, Public Servants not removable from
office without the sanction of His Highness the Maha Rajah shall be
designated ‘ Superior Public Servants ’ and all others ‘ Inferior Public
Servants ’.
Past I,
Superior Public Seroanis.
2. No Superior Public Servant shall be dismissed without a formal
and public enquiry in the manner hereinafter described.
 475

3. Whenever on a complaint or otherwise it is found necessary to

enquire into the conduct of a Superior Public Servant, the Head of the
Department or Office in which such Public Servant is employed may
make a preliminary enquiry to determine whether there are grounds for
a formal and public enquiry. The Officer holding the preliminary
enquiry may examine such records and such persons as may be neces¬
sary to find out the truth of the charge or allegation against the Public
Servant concerned, and may also take a statement from such Public
Servant. He may, if necessary, and if specially empowered in this
behalf, summon any person to give evidence or produce any document
in his possession or cus'ody. No formal examination of witnesses is,
however, necessary ; but a note of the evidence shall be taken by the
officer holding the enquiry.
Explanation.—A Division Peishkar is the head of all the depart¬
ments and offices in his Division which are under his control and super-

4. If from the preliminary enquiry tire officer making it considers

that there are sufficient grounds for holding a formal and public enquiry,
he shall submit a report to Government detailing the charges or specific
acts of alleged misconduct which he considers should be enquired into.
5. Whenever it appears to Government from such report or other¬
wise that it is necessary to hold a formal and public enquiry into the
conduct of a Superior Public Servant, a Commission consisting of one
or more officers of position shall be appointed for the purpose,
6. The commission may be appointed by the Dewan unless the
accused public servant is an officer drawing a monthly salary of Rs.200
and above or a Tahsildar or a Magistrate, in which case the Commis¬
sion shall be appointed only with the sanction of His Highness the
Maha Rajah.
7. The conduct of the enquiry shall be regulated by the Commis¬
sioner when the Commission consists of one member only and by the
President of the Commission when the same consists of more than one
member.
8. The enquiry shall be held in the presence of the accused, unles8
the accused after being duly served with a notice, fails without
reasonable cause, to attend
9. The accused shall, before the commencement of the enquiry, be
furnished with a list of the charges against him. He shall have the
right of cross-examining all the witnesses against him and of examining
his own witnesses. He shall be furnished with copies of all evidence
against him and shall have the right of putting in a statement of his
defence and any documents relevant to the enquiry. He may also en¬
gage a Vakil to defend him.
 476

10. The commission may summon persons to give evidence or pro¬

duce documents in their possession or custody either on behalf of the
prosecution or the defence.
11. After the close of the enquiry, the Commission shall draw up a
report setting forth the evidence and its finding and submit the same
with all the proceedings to the Dewan.
12. The Dewan may order further evidence to be taken or call for
further explanation of the opinion of the Commission.
13. On receiving the proceedings and such further evidence or
explanation as may be called for, the Dewan shall, when the Public
Servant accused is one drawing Rs. 200 or above, or a Tahsildar or a
Magistrate, submit the same to His Highness the Maha Rajah with his
opinion. In other cases, he may if he sees sufficient reason for doing
so, suspend such officer for a period not exceeding 3 months or fine him
in any amount not exceeding a month’s salary. If higher punishment is
deemed necessary, the Dewan shall submit the case with his opinion to
His Highness the Maha Rajah.
14. The rules under this Part do not apply to enquires into the con¬
duct of Superior Public Servants in the Judicial Department, which are
regulated by the Rules passed by His Highness the Maha Rajah under
date the 14th Meenam 1059.
Part II.
Inferior Public Servants.
15. No Inferior Public Servant shall be dismissed except on good
and sufficient grounds such as fraud, dishonesty, continued and wilful
negligence, gross insubordination, offences involving moral disgrace,
proved incompetency.
16. In all cases of dismissal of a Public Servant, the charge against
him and the evidence in support of the charge should be reduced to
writing, his defence should be either taken in or reduced to writing and
the decision or order should also be in writing. Copies of the whole
of such proceedings should be maintained in the office of the dismissing
authority, and should also be furnished to the person dismissed.
17. The enquiry should as far as possible, be conducted in the pre-
eence of the accused Public Servant. But if the Public Servant con¬
cerned has absconded, the charge as well as the evidence in support of
it and a formal order setting forth the charge and the grounds on which
the dismissal is resolved on should be recorded.
18.. The enquiry in all cases should be thorough and, as far as pos¬
sible, in judicial form. The admission of evidence need not, however,
be restricted, by the law of judicial evidence. All evidence which, in
 477

itie opinion of the enquiring officer, conduces to moral conviction regard¬

ing the guilt or innocence of the accused Public Servant may be admit¬
ted.
19. It is not enough that the Public Servant accused should be told
of the charge he has to meet ; he should be told also of the evidence
and arguments in support of the charge before he is required to defend
himself. The accused person may be examined in theform of questions
and answers. But this does not deprive him of his right to place on
record a full written statement of his defence.
Part III.
General.
20. In dealing with Public servants, the following general direc¬
tions should be borne in mind :—
A. As a general rule no Public Servant should be dismissed
on mere suspicion or on grounds which are not capable of being stated.
A compromising suspicion is, in some cases, sufficient reason for re¬
moving a Public Servant from the service of Government. In such
cases, the Public Servant should not be dismissed with disgrace, but
allowed to resign, or simply relived of his office —the exact case against
him being carefully recorded, so that he may, if possible, satisfy any
other employer who has the means of livelihood in his gift.
B. As a rule no old servants—especially those who have earned
or nearly earned their pensions—shall be dismissed except upon very
strong proof of serious misconduct. It should be borne in mind that the
sudden beggary of a man, whose working days are drawing to a close
is as serious an exercise of power as a penal sentence of a Court of
Justice, and should not be inflicted on haphazard principles.
C. In all departmental enquiries, consideration should be given
to the previous character of the Public Servant concerned, and especi¬
ally to any specific instances of good or bad service that may have been
officially noted in his case, ft would, apart from the question of evid-
. ence work well for the service if Public Servants were able to feel
that a good character and acts of good service would stand them in
real stead when their conduct is exposed to question. The admission,
however, of evidence of previous bad character requires great caution.
Care should be taken that a weak case is not unduly supported by refer¬
ence to previous punishments for misconduct too slight for confidence
that it received close attention.
D. Controlling and appellate authorities to whom orders of
dismissal are submitted for confirmation or an appeal, should remembef
that they have an individual responsibility of their own. They must,
of course, on certain points, place confidence on the judgment of the
 officer who has personally conducted the enquiry, but they should with¬
hold this confidence unless it is clear from the proceedings that the
enquiring officer has acted with care and fairness. No defects in the
record of enquiry should be passed over with such reflection as that the
inquiring officer is a very careful man and that he probably knows a
good deal more about the case than he has been able to say. If there
are such defects, the case should be remanded for further enquiry, and
the control! ing officer should commit himself to no opinion of his own
till the case is as complete as it can be made.
E. In regard to dismissals based on facts or inferences elicited
at a judicial trial, it should be remembered that though, in some cases,
the conduct of some Public Servant is so mixed up with the matter
under adjudication that any after-enquiry into it by the head of his
department would be superfluous, what oftener happens is, that some
censure is passed on a Public Servant in a side remark from the Bench
which he has no opportunity of answering or which the presiding officer
may not have thought of sufficient importance to require verification.
It would be extremely hazardous and unfair to accept such a remark as
a deliberate judgment. As a general rule, therefore, a Pulbic Servant,
unless himself convicted at a judicial trial, has a right to defend himself-
departmental^ against any imputation that he may have therein
incurred.
F. In case of dismissal on the ground of continued negligence
or mcompetency, instances of such negligence or incompentency should
have been placed on record before the present intention to dismiss was
conceived and gross insubordination should be such as cannot be atoned
for by an apology or otherwise. Cases of inefficiency should, as a rule,
he met by a readjustment of the duties of the Public Servant without
recourse to the harsh steps of removal from office. In cases of dismissal
for inefficiency or insubordination, the above rules should be followed,
especially the rule requiring that the charge should be reduced to writ¬
ing and the explanation of the subordinate should be taken in writing
and duly considered.
G. No Public Servant shall be removed from service on the
ground of illhealth or of physical incompetence to perform his duties un¬
less he has undergone Medical Examination and unless a certificate to
his unfitness lor further performance of his duties has been obtained.
In all such cases, the Public Servant so removed shall be granted the
pension or retiring allowance to which be is entitled at the date of such
removal.
21. These rules do not apply to punishments other than dismissal
such as degradation, suspension, line, etc, But the general principles
above indicated should, as far as possible, be followed. Suspension
from office should always be for a definite period.
 479

22, A Public servant once dismissed upon' just grounds shall be

permanently excluded from Government employ,
23, These rules do not apply to peons and other menial servants,
and to servants in temporary establishments. But even in respect of
these servants, responsible officers are expected to exercise a fair and
impartial consideration of jhe case.

Proceedings oi the Government of His Highness the Maha Rajah

of Travancore,
Read
Rules dated the 9th February 1897129th'; Makaram 1072, about
the vindication by public"servants, of Jtheir public acts or character from
defamatory attacks.
Order thereon No. 835/J|dated Trivandrum,
16th February 1910|5th Kumbhom 1085.
From instances which have come to the notice of Government,
Government have reason to apprehend that the rules already laid down,
on the subject of the vindication by public servants of their public acts
or .character from defamatory attacks, are not always borne in mind.
Government therefore resolve to reiterate their instructions and to re-
enact the rules as shown below :—
All heads of departments are hereby informed that the question
whether a public servant should be permitted, or be asked, to have re¬
course to the courts for the vindication of his public acts, or of his
character as a public functionary, from defamatory attacks, is a matter
entirely for Government to decide. Should any Head of a department
.consider that, in any case, a public servant belonging to his Depart¬
ment should be permitted or asked to vindicate his character, he should
refer the matter to Government for orders,
2. Should Government direct or permit, in any case' a public
servant, to have recourse to the courts for the vindication of his charac¬
ter, they will, in doing so, decide whether the circumstances are such
that they should themselves bear the cost of the proceedings, civil or
criminal, or whether the public servant concerned should be left to
institute proceedings at his own expense ; and in the latter case, Gov¬
ernment will also determine, at the time of directing or sanctioning pro¬
ceedings, whether, in the event of the matter being decided by the
courts in favour of the public servant, he should be recouped by Gov¬
ernment the whole or any part of the costs of the proceedings.
3. This order does not affect a public servant’s ’right to defend his
private dealings or behaviour in any way .that he may be advised.
Government, however, wish it to be distinctly understood that the official
reputation of all public servants is in their charge, and it is for Govern¬
ment—and for Government alone to decide, in each case, whether the
institution of proceedings by a public servant, to vindicate his public
acts or character, should be directed or allowed.
4. All public servants are hereby forbidden to communicate with
the press, in respect of their official conduct or acts, without the prior
consent of Government.
(By order)
A. J. VlEYRA,
Chief Secretary to Government.

No. G. 3684.
Notification.
The following Proclamation issued by His Highness the Maha
Raja under date the 24th September 1874, prohibiting the appointment
of the relatives of an officer in the offices subordinate to him, is re¬
published.
Huzur Cutcherry, Trivandrum, (By order)
31-5-1908/18-10-1083. R- Mahadeva Iyer,
Ag, Chief Secretary to Government.
Proclamation by His Highness the Maha Raja under date the
24th S eptembef 1874 corresponding with the 10th Kanni 1050.
Whereas it has been reported to us that much injury to the Public
Service results from the practice of appointing relations of Peishfcars,
Tahsildars, and of other Superior Officers to situations in their own
Cutcherries, Divisions or Districts, this practice is for the future strictly
prohibited.
2. A return of all such relatives now in service should be prepared,
in the form that shall be prescribed, and submitted to the Dewan
for Our information, within two months from this date.
3. The Dewan will on receipt there of, order such transfers or
other arrangements in regard to them as may be deemed necessary for
the good of the Public Service.
4. If for special reasons the employment of a relative is desired,
such cases will be reported and special sanction obtained from the
Dewan.
5. The term ‘Relative’ should be understood to include not only
Brothers, Sons, Nephews, Sons-in-law, but every kind of relation on
the Paternal, Maternal, Wife’s and Sister’s sides.
6. This rule shall apply to every grade of servant, in every Depart¬
ment and Office in the State, and Officers transgressing it, will be visited
with Our severe displeasure.
 481

G-. 0. No. 024/ D. dated tlio 7th Kumbhora 10S9-

Responsibility for Ivaranma Service.
(Bsajrru-iisaalaaJ Aoraaonffli^^itOTDilcafiiefflooa) ooociralcsaoib, &($>&
«boo£ i^imajocQiQjii (WDOiroaissss <&§osmairru'@ce6iOo sacoo®iU§jom
rruacoo srocuasa cfcoieosnacoo^l rrulaoljylggg. <a_)<j)®iml<0>8ga!)o eocoo
6>ajc^ai«scm«n3cqjo wraaflfflco^ool aj)cm°l$ isrra3&pa>l<a>Oo a40®g-J
§cJ)<Ba<mfl»ocBfl§ aioatacmEo tsramleejcea atcB cujaicrao6>ai82i5reflgu
■srg)OJO^Q4ao*Q2)D®6 srarailanogjool ®r3«ojo.ajliy(tn1<o£> •ftcxMS’nffiigjcy
ffliBfl QjrnlOTHj)l|aa a«B (ft§o5Qjo3ocoo cosP^rmAoejgTO <a.o©osm'gjcy
toirolaao) aot/Oesaocii) n^os’lagjaio* eocoljy '’O g}3
oolejo ®s1(jjjgg. o_i®anaz>oal(o6 .orgcflfe 0ij«6r8O (sroraoOe t&Ofcosmig-)
cyimnilaffl CDsrortnl^atTnfBvIaD njzmai ©as umasmrmo iSroofflaOotmsom
S32JD <mos)a§.6>s ojsarrnlj2-)<feo©o isi® A§o5nj<nroPoi> oaDSU<nTlej
aa. ®®§.ca>5)a5)c9sios»sn@o (ycyimm) coS(0TO>"l<flstrr>ffi>)(a6 alkffloaoalagj
cnoo ora a_fl«6<eao&io (sroorts^enurirDno (StM^JSOa Q®gjocoo
aa rniejo'<flis)(ai asraialisi osg^ oJm-^aajojailgaaQjA (SKoail cdsistto)
<flScmro)ao iijafoaj<flffl3Dxodri «5yW>0<tioo c^aicrucftxLiaij'aioaoaaetw
crrao agj^tal ®roi»^lcD3(m®ls>rr) ^aooisT-ajlffl)<9S!Tn(WO.asi
6>c&030fflD fru3JOCD)c9jOgJi06>OO(C8@ S) Cn6_0affi OOCQJiolffiil 2<ft(Doa-<y-OoC»-
ogjy'fsilcfflxuacucno aionr>l«fl<*s>6)ea>06n§ §d<d oflajroo agjgjoAoaoaTatgj
cymrolasioaffl^o arogaa^gasml (arcuyc&Offio cnsomlscaasraitMcfiiaTti.

6. 0. No. 4044 dated 15th October 1914.

Powers over Karanraa holders,
aaoimusw-alBi «8>o©o^^:y<B®fl.emOfflO!n) oooctmldiaoii qrtnajo
asois© coojasraciiq, sronocuoSo^soanji nrumjsni a.oj^tacqjo aooci
<acq;o aajc^aKtscmrOTidfl (stool agora raiaeagf c«(Dlce)^)0®imffip ®aajo«56
ssoJrru-UBBalaai <ao©06n2i!tya|©tral<eaooa© mmjsrQ s«o
ejls!)(o6o5}oTao 2Docica>®»>0 ajucgjrmg) coaiasrmotiolfflaijo (BrctiDcuo
s'own}<802(05 <saisn§£!<20<ftcTO o®(mo,Di fflaja§?no5nao*oT) rruoaxm)
qioo3(o6 <saaajg><m]c£8 sslaiaoaaooaffi <sqj&i oH8©oaJl«^a«S(B»om)
ojcmDffli (©voitas'aejatxsn eoiei oRseoaflcBacsTjo (srosssaco sate) oil
(SrooaTlcBaaTjfnflooga. <&ommssaeig Q4j*°(roao(!C!H caosnoljy asfflon a®
¥(B>) sronDQgQtatpjo (Stccrcaioao aisscmgDedjoaaj 80(d& ros<aYBi'ce«ca>cqjo
a^i®^9fiS(OT0c&cra,
 462

Government Notification dated 19-10-1914.

Prohibition to Gevernment officers from entering into
monetary transactions.
In modification of Government Notification dated the 1 1th Karka-
dagom 1062, prohibiting Tahsildars jjfrom entering into any money
dealings with their subordinates ox with the merchants and ryots re¬
siding within their official ranges, the following rules are published
under sanction of His Highness the Maha Rajah dated the 14th Octo¬
ber 1914.
A gazetted officer may not lend money to any person, possessing
land within the local limits of his authority, nor may he, except in the
ordinary course of business with a Joint-Stock Bank or a firm of stand¬
ing, borrow money from, or otherwise place himself under a pecuniary
obligation to any person subject to his official authority, or residing,
possessing land or carrying on business within the local limits of such
authority.
2. When a gazetted officer is appointed or transferred to a post of
such a nature that a person from whom he has borrowed money or to
whom he has otherwise placed himself under a pecuniary obligation
will be subject to his official authority, or will reside, possess immovable
property, or carry on business within the local limits of such authority,
the must forthwith declare the circumstances to the Government
hrough the usual channel.
3. The orders contained in this paragraph apply also to non-
gazetted officers, but in the case of the latter they may be relaxed in
exceptional cases at the discretion of the head of their office. Non-
Gazetted officers should make the report referred to in paragraph 2 to
the head of their office.
4. The prohibition as regards the lending and borrowing of money
applies to all loans, credits, advances, supply of articles or accom¬
modations at unduly low rates, or for insufficient considerations and
sales of property for inordinate prices.
5. The fact that a Government servant lending the money is 'acting
as an executor, administrator or as a trustee without profit or advantage
to himself, in no way affects the prohibition.
6. A Government servant who belongs to a joint Hindu family
carrying on the business of money lending as an ancestral profession is
exempted from the prohibition, provided he takes no active share in the
business and is not employed in a division in which the transactions of
the firm are carried on.
7. A Government servant engaged in teaching is strictly prohibited
from having pecuniary relations with any pupil, or parent or guardian
of a pupil, or with the staff or establishments of the school or college in
which he is employed, —
 483

The above restrictions are not intended to apply to officials who

are not full-time officers.

G. O. No. 4491, dated 14th November 1914.

Karamna Service—Default of.
■nilai Gaojrruj®i3tl<o& oumooseffmas G8?:fifld3>i> 3j§o
srnrariflffiJ ceboroosnfflmiooafl oJ©lsrt!rrol=ga.ru)0<S5jo e«:eJi<sro:<fla<rr>aj«86>s
g0®6 Aosnocm af|<fc<g)Q cftooaems)®) 6>cn<sc6\£st3s>m mo.-ato sraroj
«3aimu®s0o<fl9 otunejo2iaodlaicstmfnioool|o (ferert&cTO.
eaeiocoii giiaonnlro! cjpro i<aOo &o«»mcsii.;Q2ii
o-vailsraroj etsoeTl ooseno aJswrmiroocQjo osoafl rruosnjrruil^" a@sv5>a>i
ejo ooi-afiiiGaeisnaiBoeqjo AOffrnagJgojjf) a^og^ ^oaacfflJiroirao ad'oa.
a/'odaarso rruarysni stsuw6i®n ajucgmj^paioi aunaJoaoooocii oj;.sl
gjO(3TOW5io<amo.
AOfflosnacagosnj^ooffllaA aooCo Geon®ro;CS)§£. sturru-iiurtw
od'aloimaao cnsmmeaosSBraraoaajo aaooo aaoefloKS (w^oJcoagjere
eftosms^gotoi ^oaojnaai saooglrr^ 6>&o§gg: srDaoajoeigjcaorao soibj
colcrrao aJltoi^cgjo Gssoailcfls scoocgjfB>ecgsg.aiat)o c&otwom
<£b§0lotd9e»oocroo sugoo) aaoooffloaa cnicoalcesics^a ®iti®^i5r®®3c0»cno.
cfeo(oosnac0.§o5rL’(m!f;«^ esjoai'cSa ig-po^rooco) tmaOc gggpam
airmotoi srosseacni araoOo AgosnjmtnlejsnaoajnTiffiaia® Aa<oo6ra:aj®^j
cnoga. a^aJoaiocnf.isaarob <E)c0&<oid<b) <sais>o syooaa GsstfiHag^ (groauaio
ssmmogi^sl OT(o4<3sioejG®raic8a rolc&'aliflsioairrngta OioaosTdA^osm
csraloJssom'lQjjQ ^osnfcu'o (yoc^aoo ®®s»l «®tcso §Dgro6Ktn (tnicfmffli
(Si® tagosiaiarraiitoiaoiaioo Aoraaaxsisroojta.oooaOT) ajl^gfijcmtciiao rot)®
sxuygro) ailgsnjoa-jcaofflo oosojsI ensesfinsnsgso si®*™.

* G- 0. No. 633/D. dated 11th February 1915.

Karanma Subordinates—Age limit.
®o_ioi)aarA <mz>Qjca>ooo0igjo©!O) ssainru-i6ssglsej cfcaeoaugflo.!
roasiotsa orooJlrru ®ogeejaaio(o<yftofflo ojBiny^ao ecnae-tsoare
oo)0! gjorarswnodjcno.
 484

G. 0- No. 1653/D. dated 22nd April 1915.

Karanma Seivice—horxies for.
scuei acnocearm <s®ginf>aic/oo wcmgo 5)tfto§nJl<e&nr>@ trosartn
®:®srort»ga.(wl*tiJcas cfcoioosraacgosnjmHn^aj ^gj6iobo a® e®&J
aiassBl-^oaAosn? <sQJaj ocrwaarm (wgjOocSa oocaigo ^anarocag) ®ca>o§
«_j1<ass’fr(ra',<a6 oS8»ocoafl|yaffirc)®Ot&cro.

G. 0. No. 665/Dcdated 27th March 1919.

Responsibility for Proxiasn for Default iu the Conduct of.
Karanma Service.
oooorrilas swOoSgri®® crflca-alaecmronoo (smaoajebylgaB. cfco
roosrai&soswOTBrW) coicnso (sroatsscm ®®OcSgj® <sr® oaocroiltaa scqjo
cojrtnorrL’iiglo-Qlaoeaocio o:gjor)s®TO>ogjQ§gi, rn)(i§loJ3lfflasiOQ,o aooSi
®oec06)sng®o «»t«y<s>offlo (Bpooidwom <s®Oo<sg-j®n®cn mjcefoOffiHffiiciolmtio
onjJldb®!^ «jocTofl<fla oDloaialascmutaaio s® <OT30o?o_|®<a>oocib aoa
as oDoot»l<06)oo®®®fi-)D®eJ t^oc^ gscrnsl oajtf.dnlQjscg^srBjgo ®® as
rojs1<nf|<o6 o^CosnjsscfcOOacAoaOTOo'lTOoiofxrutSsiD.'DlffiejQ^0 ci^arosTl
ejo 8floitf|§«a>>ico>a ooooral coaflawBiaflojo cfcoejocfco&jsss/lffii
tns«9»0frilffi1a9®a®o aeu^jcnncLjaaio (srotoiloDga g.<inmfflaioel®*JQjo aocgi
ojo cfcoaOotiaic&gosnjWlsajo^Q aijmji)l<ascrr)®aa6rDaio (gjangjifio aflairol
ajlodsaasna®0 ®®(sy<aofflo mjaarnltearmdnlnDgg. a<®glanroaasfl <aa
®0bTt2*§o>nji!ml5!ej (gjcuoaolffljoa c9>§ostiiffiialfflaj srecolc&oflo mil
®^sT|aft «©s>ao gscoislaril®!) mwamlaitoffiowisni©® t&oroosrraA§o
saisirolfflai <s®0o" g-j® ooootoWooo® saaiooilaiioolcnoo ffiglaaro <yo
taiMBjlssirasao §o§rmajaftio ®t® taocy ooloaal c/aoorofl<aQ
cecnjgo ^roajooa) stoodsaiiseOo aoTVoaomjo (8®&<8g-l<cB c/oonoficostoo
S)ci6o ajociw?lglty<a,o<Do aAo^gjlaasanafflo «® Moao$Woai> Mioo
aBnagostufflinilsajc^a ooocnx'mm. miaDS'usBEal(o6oD11cnDo ogjairoeaDejo
aAog^aaacno onfflafon^pgasnifflfte s® rruccorsf] <a>o<oosn2!<&so*5nj
ojo (ffl@0o«ajro3p tmaa'ngj rmlAttaiiiaaflasaaTB nffinjasftjoaffn ox-cefeo.nlcoi
oflmoo oco®.T3ltBaoTn.mgjo>wi!)0o <8®Co®aJ® woaroUsiooacio afls>
(2)0(04 cDSBCfo coo|i(SR»ioo cmcaiOTTOlsaiag,,0 cftoraoaifficajgosmaaorbraacm
S/srmra-uoelAaosjfl mssan croolfflfl<B9 fflTOjOoSgj® toocrodctooofflajfflc&o
6fl| 'SJ«(^Jc9iO CaoasrolaiCtt"ail6i8fl>SrB fflaOJWyfifl^yOBiaggo OigACre,.
 485

(t. 0. No. 407/53 of’ 20 .. 1 17th 1'ei . n u Old',,

Alienation of Karan mu feuIT'Cu.
AorDOsncisrDQJ&ax^jsg ft® <ajcjjms>!®33. ara a>§o«u<»s.C(h sra
coj3coloos)gj=g@rfri«noss2ca5 ®i® (ffrtoJtftOoao §D/^omOc&{rn®Mrts“. is®
csSS)0 cftOfflOsrat&snsaiffiroOfflaj aiDccosnoTlcBroisctn osoo Gfaoj&soao ®spl
eroraj a<e>o§d3acma<®crnooeri®omoeio snog) sico^ro iG=®on§r»j*l§!gj. <ao
ffi06rai A§o6ni<SKsf)<D6ag_j§ ssaMcojrocsigs n.g]®®snejo a-coag *§oaaJ
^y®'iCOiaD qQ)(TT> colei®!®!) i^cyroraia-ojc^cmfroioo 20doco6S30o<fla
truaanjii^ag. 2-cam* sroojaielc9S)0Qi(Tri(B);5ia"“. ei-oc»j®Q2!gg.aj({> ao
<oo6tujca§osnj<oTO0ffi6 gDgjssxro atssacnjoCb ao@©a ffirossearo a®oo=
g.5rsocajrm(goja® svs (Q_jcjp®dcSQ (BTi'Ocojitnajgs 26>onom:s)§! crfiaatal
■aacrorffiloo cnojasmobci raronotuoao (sisaK^jajj-jsssniflnO'Sirisgogg..

NOTICE.
No. J. 12088.
In continuation of Notification dated 5th April 1897, published on
page 544 of Part I of the Gazette dated the 13th idem, it is hereby
notified that all Government servants are forbidden from taking any part
whatsoever in the collection of money for any public or local purpose
except when Government by a special notification authorise them to
fake part in any such undertaking. The following are illustrations of
such prohibited undertaking.:—
(1) Collections for the erection of school buildings.
(2) Collections for the erection of public reading rooms.
(3) Collections for the erection of court-houses.
(4) Collections made on occasions of the tours of the DeWan or
other officials in mofussii stations.
(5) Collections for putting up orphanages and similar charitable
institutions.
Huzur Cutcherry, Trivandrum, T. Raghaviah,
23-12-20/9-5-96. Dewrn.

Notification.
Dis. No. 545121 IRev.
Under sanction of H. H. the Maha Raja the following revised
Notification is issued in supersession of Notification No. L. R. 9680/
909/14 dated the 20th October 1920 regarding the acquisition of landed
property by Government servants published at Pages 505-6 of the
Gazette dated the 2nd November 1920.
 I. Public servants of the classes- mentioned m the Schedule attached
to this notification are hereby required to report to Government or the
Head of the Department or office, as the case may be, every transaction
relating to their acquision by purchase bargain, mortgage, transfer or by
any other means, directly or indirectly of any landed property or interest
in any landed property in any part of the Slate or acquisition of interest
in any sharesin companies or other investments within 15 days of such
acquisition. Gazetted Officers shall make the report to the Government
through their official superiors, if any, while in the case of other
officers the report shall be made to the Head of the Department or
office concerned.
*2. The report should state the survey number of the land acquired
the Pakuthy in which it is situated, its extent and nature, the tenure on
which it is held, its Pattom, the tax payable thereon, the name and
address of the party from whom it was acquired, the character of -the
acquisition, whether by sale, mortgage or otherwise the consideration
paid and whether the public servant has any official relation with the
person from whom the land was acquired or with the members of his
family. Full particulars of all shares in companies acquired or other
investments made by the public servant should also be similarly reported.
In the case of the acquisiton of land or any interest in land by indivi¬
dual or family succession or adoption, no report need be sent to Govern¬
ment or to the Head of the Department or office.
*3. An annual return as per form appended, shall be submitted by
all public servants named in the schedule to the Government or to the
Head of .the Department or office as the case may be, of all landed
properties, shares in companies and other investments held by them or in
which they had a direct or indirect interest at the beginning of the year
and such properties of which they divested themselves or in which they
have newly acquired an interest during the year.
4. The annul reiurns submitted by Gazetted Officers should be
forwarded by the Heads of Departments or offices to Government not
later than the 1 st Vrischigom of the succeeding year with a review there¬
on. The returns of the other officers should be reviewed by the Heads
of departments or offices and a copy of the review sent to Government,
also before the 1 st Vrischigom of ihe year following, retaining the
original returns in their own offices. The returns of the Secretariat
officers should also be similarly obtained and submitted to the Dewan
with a review on or before the above said dates.
5. The returns should preserved carefully in the several offices until
the tetirement or death of the officers concerned whichever is earlier.
(By order,)
Huzur Cutcherry, Trivandrum, N. Raja Rama Rao,
19-5-2116-10-96.___Chief Secretary lo Government.
♦Substituted by Notificatiou Di». No. U0ll82/Bev. dated 9-7-32. ~ "
 487

SCHEDULE.

I. Huzur and Account Office. All Gazetted Officers anil

other officers drawing
Rs. 40 and above.
n. Land Revenue Department do.
ill. Judicial Department do.
IV. Public Works and Maramat do.
V. Excise Department do.
VI. Marine Department do,
Vli. Forest Department do.
VIII. Survey Department do.
IX. Registration Department do.
X. Sanitary Department do.
XI. Agricultural Department do.
XII. Co-operative Department do.
XIII. Anchal Department do.
XIV. The establishments attached to do.
the office of the Head Sirkar
Vakil, the District Court
Sirkar Vakils and the Addi
tional Head Sirkar Vakil
XV. Establishments of the Law
College do.
XVI. Police Department do.
XVII. Stamp Manufactory and Mint do.
xv in. Government Press do.
• XIX. Central Prison do.
XX. Military and Body Guard do.
XXI. Medical Department do.
XXII. Ayurveda Department do.
XXIII. Education Department do.
XXIV. Department of Industries do.
xxv. Archaeological Department do.
XXVI. Geological Department do.
XXVII. Museum and Public Gardens do.
XXVIII. Curator of Sanskrits Manuscript do.
XXIX. Municipal Council Official President.
XXX. Photograph Department AH Gazetted Officers and
other officers drawing
Rs. 40 and above.
XXXI. Royal Stables do.
•XXXII. Devaswom Department do.
* Ad Jed by : ■ TJ4|44/Bw. dated 24-6-24.
 Government Circular Dis. No. 1800 of 1921 (Rev. dated 26-11- 21
Furnishing information to the Sirkar Vakils in respect of civil cases.

The Head Sirkar Vakil has again brought to the notice of Gov¬
ernment the difficulties experienced by Sirkar Vakils in getting instruc¬
tions in connection with civil suits in which the Sirkar is a party and
the tradiness of the Revenue Department in complying with the requisi- .
tions made by Sirkar Vakils for the purpose. The attention of the
Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner is invited to circular,
dated the 15th October 1897, issued by Government, regarding the
preparation of written statements in Government suits and the subsequent
circulars noted at foot. The circular dated.the 1 5th October 1897 re-
quires Tahsildars to send their replies to the requisitions from Sirkar
Vakils within two weeks as a rule and enjoins that, in no case, shall the
supply of information take more than four weeks at the outside. In the
circular dated the 7th June 1914, Government have directed that all
requisitions for information from the Sirkar Vakils in cases in which the
Sirkar is a party should be treated as very urgent and complied with
promptly. Government have also on subsequent occasions warned
Tahsildars that serious notice would be taken of remissness or indiffer¬
ence of any of them in this respect. Government regret to find, that,
in spite of repeated circular orders complaints in this matter have not
ceased and that delay in the supply of information and records, and in¬
accuracy and imperfection in the information furnished, have become
very common, with the result that the interests of Government suffer
in many suits.

2, The Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner is requested

to issue strict instructions to the Division Peishkars and the Commis¬
sioner, Devicolam, to see that the Tahsildars under treat them every
requisition from the Sirkar Vakils for information or records as
“Emergent” and that full and accurate information is furnished within
the time prescribed in the circular. They should be further distinctly
told that, if, in future, any cases of delay or remissness on their part in
this respect is brought to the notice of Government, the Tahsildar res¬
ponsible would be severely dealt with. The Land Revenue Commis¬
sioner should not hesitate to hand up for punishment any Tahsildar who
disregards these instructions.

(1) Circular No. 14485(2802 J, dated 28th August 1906.

(2) do. 6188JL. R,, dated the 7th June 1914.
(3) do. J. 3082/30 of 1914, dated the 7th April 1916.
(4) do. 10179/L, R„ dated the 8th December 1919.
 489

Government notification Dis, No- 102 of 22/Legis. dated*24-2-22.

' ‘Participation in election iproceedings by public servants.

Heads of Departments are informed that officials as isucb are

not debarred from voting for the election of members to the new Legis¬
lative Council under the rules passed under Regulation If of 1097, if
they are qualified to vote under the said rules. Government, however,
wish to impress upon them that their participation in the elections
should not extend further and they are strictly prohibited from influen¬
cing the elections in any way, either directly or indirectly. Heads ot
Departments are requested to issue strict instructions to all their sub¬
ordinate officers accordingly. Infringement of these instructions will be
visited with condign punishment.

G. 0„ R. O. C. No. 731 of 22/G. B. dated 3rd November 1922.

Empowering Deyaswom officers under Revenue Summons Regulation.

Government sanction the Assistant Commissioners and the Superin¬

tendents of Devaswoms being empowered under Section 10 of the
Revenue Summons Regulation, V of 1063, to issue summonses etc., for
the attendance of persons or for the production of documents relating to
enquiries connected with Devaswom matters. As regards the punish¬
ment of disobedience of such summons under Section 3 of the Regula¬
tion, the Assistant Commissioners alone are invested with the power of
fining up to Rs. (50) fifty and to remit the same, while the Superin¬
tendents are empowered only to fine up to Rs." (10) ten, with no power
to remit.

G. o. Dis. No. 621 [22/G. B. dated

27th November 1922:
Conduct of Devaswom cases—Procedure.

Regarding the procedure to be adopted by Sirkar Vakils in the

matter of getting instructions in connection with Devaswom cases in
general, in each case the particular Assistant Commissioner under whose
 490

control the Devaswom concerned has been placed should in the first
instance be written to for the necessary instructions. As regards the
expenditure for Devaswom cases, separate accounts should be maintain¬
ed showing the receipts and expenditure in respect of each Devaswom.
The debit and the credit should be made to the Devaswom Fund in the
case of scheduled Devaswoms or to the Personal Deposit Fund in the
case of Devaswoms having personal deposit accounts. Each Sirkar
Vakil should furnish to the Assistant Commissioner concerned a monthly
return of the receipts and disbursements in respect of each Devaswom
and address him for funds if required.

G. O., R. Dis. No. 113 of 23/G. B. dated 24th February 1923.

Government sanction the procedure laid down in Circular No,

6701 |R./1140 dated 15-10-1897 in respect of suits in which the Sirkar
is a party being adopted mulatis mutandis in the case of Devaswom suits
also with the difference that the duties appertaining to the Tahsildar will
be done by the Superintendents of the Devaswoms concerned [who will
supply the required information to the Sirkar Vakil through the Assistant
Commissioner of Devaswoms within two weeks from the date of the
receipt of the reference.]*

Government Circular R. Dis. No. 1 724|23!Devpt. | dated

jj 13th September 1923.

Recoveries on behalf of Co-operative Societies.

The question has been raised as to whether Heads of Departments

and offices are competent to make recoveries from the salaries of their
subordinates towards amounts due by them as members of Co-operative
Societies. In cases of co-operative societies of Government servants
and other societies where a member agrees in writing to permit the

*S»bstitoted by G. 0. R. Dis. ito. 398/G. B. of 23 dated 7th June 1923.

 491

Head of his office to deduct instalment due from him either towards
shares or loans, Government consider that the Heads of offices and
Departments may rightly help Societies by making such recoveries when
requisitions are made to them from the Societies concerned.

Government Notification R. O. C. No. 1717 of 25jG. B, dated

16th July 1925.

Powers of Assistant Commissioners under Hindu Religious

Endowments Regulation.

Her Highness the Maha Rani Regent has been pleased to declare
that the Assistant Devaswom Commissioners in the State shall be
deemed to have the rank of a Dewan Peishkar for purposes of enquiries
under Section,6 of the Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation III of
1079 and shall be competent to conduct enquiries contemplated in that
section if authorised to do so.

Government Notification Dis. Nos. 550 of 1926|Rey. dated

1st May 1926.

It is hereby notified that appeals preferred to Heads of Departments

by public servants who have been dismissed, degraded, discharged,
placed under suspension or otherwise departmental^ punished, will
ordinarily be deposed of on perusal of the records and that pleaders
will not be heard on behalf of the appellants in such cases. Should, in
any case, a public servant wish to make any oral representation to the
Head of the Department, he should do so in person and at the office
concerned.
 492

Proceedings of the Government of Her Highness the

Maha Rani Regent of Travancore,
Read: —
Letter No. D. A /P. A. 377 dated tlie 5th July 1926, from the
Account Officer, Trivandrum.
Order thereon R. Dis. No.' 503|26|Acc., Trivandrum, dated the
30th September, 1926/14th Kanni 1102.
In his letter read above the Account Officer has brought to the
notice of Government the fact that there are many instances in which
officers have their salaries continuously under attachment for debt under
orders of a Court of law. It is a matter of grave concern that officers
entrusted with the handling of public funds should be deeply involved in
debt as that circumstance exposes them to serious temptation. Accord¬
ingly the Government direct that whenever a moiety of the salary of a
Government servant entrusted with cash or contract transactions, is con¬
tinuously under attachment for a period exceeding six months or is
attached for a sum which in ordinary circumstances cannot be repaid
out of salary within one year, the Account officer should forthwith bring
the fact to the notice of the Head of the Department concerned and in
the case of the Head of a Department to the notice of Government.
The Head of the Department will immediaiely enquire into the circum¬
stances of the case, take a full statement of the official’s liabilities
and submit without delay a report to Government as to whether the
officer should be retained in his appointment or be transferred to some
other post not involving responsibility for money or stores or should be
placed on leave. In, especially, bad cases, the official concerned will
also be liable on account of indebtedness to removal from the service by
order of Government.]
(By order)
K. George.
Chief Secretary to Government.
To
The Account officer.
All heads of Departments, and Offices.
The Gazette.

Government Circular R. O. C. No. 4660/26/Rev. dated 1-1 l-’26.

Supply of information to Sirkar Vakil for civil cases.

The Head Sirkar Vakil has again brought to the notice of Govern¬
ment the difficulties experienced by Sirkar Vakils in getting information
 493

in connection with civil suits in which the Sirkar is impleaded as a patty

and the diiatoriness of the officers of the Revenue and other Departments
in supplying the informahon required by the Sirkar Vakils. The
attention of the Land Revenue Commissioner and other Heads of De¬
partments has been repeatedly drawn to the necessisty of promptly com¬
plying with all requisitions for information made by the Sirkar Vakils
(vide details at foot) but the Government regret to observe that these
instructions are not strictly adhered to by the officers concerned. This
inattantion on their pari makes it difficult for the Sirkar Vakils to defend
the suits properly and it no; infrequently results in unnecessary delay in
the progress of the cases and also in pecuniary loss to Government.

2. The Land Revenue Commissioner and the Heads of other De¬

partments are therefore requested once again to see that requisitions from
Sirkar Vakils for information are treated as urgent and are promptly
attended to by all their officers. The Government would impress upon
the officers concerned that, ‘if any remissness or avoidable delay on the
part of any officer in this respect is again brought to notice, they will
not hesitate to take severe disciplinary action against the officer or officers
at-fault.

(1) Circular No, 14485/280271R., dated the 28th August 1903.

(2) do. No. 6188/L. R., dated the 7th June 1914.
(3) do. No. J. 3082/30 of 1914, dated the 7th April 1916.
(4; do. No. I0179/L. R., dated the 8th December 1919.
(5) do. Dis. No. 1800/21 (Rev., dated the 26th November
1921-

G. O. R. O. C. No. 4535 of 271G -A., dated ! 7th March 1928.

Erection of Places of Public Worship.

I have the honour to inform you that, as instances of attempts on the

part of certain church authorities and private individuals to open
cemeteries in violation of the orders of Government to the contrary, have
recently been brought to the notice of Government, they consider that,
in future, whenever applications for the erection of places of public
worship, with or without cemeteries, are presented to the Dewan
Peishkars or the Commissioner, Devicolam, they should take, along with
such applications, written agreements from the applicants concerned to
 494

the effect that in case the sanction accorded by Government is for the
erection of a place of public worship without a cemetery attached to it,,
they and their successors in title to the church or mosque will not at
any time open a cemetery attached thereto without obtaining the sanction
of Government. The Government therefore direct that the Dewan
Peishkars and the Commissioner, Devicolam, should see that in forward¬
ing applications recommending the erection of places of public worship,
they are invariably accompanied by written agreements on the lines
suggested above, from the applicant or applicants. They should also
see that such applications are forwarded to Government within 45 days
from the date of receipts of the applications by them, without fail.

G. 0. Dis. No. 125/29 Mis., dated 4th February 1929.

Erection of Places of Public worship.

With reference to your letter R. O. C No. 10925J 27, dated the

8th December 1928, regarding the case of an unlawful burial of a dead
body on 1-3-1103 in the premises of Valamangalampalli alias Thrikkora-
palli, in Thuravur Pakuthy, Sherthalai Taluk, con'rary'to the orders
of Government, I have the honour to inform you that the Dewan Peish-
kar, Kottayam, having previously brought to notice similar cases of
unlawful burial in the same church compound, a suit has.igin consultation
with the Head Sirkar Vakil, been filed against the Thuravur Church
authorities as O. S. No. 37 of 1104 in the Alleppey District Court.
The case is proceeding and its result is awaited.

2. In the meantime to prevent such instances of attempts to open

cemeteries in violation of the orders of Government to the contrary,
Government have directed the Dewan Peishkars and the Commissioner,
Devicolam, that, in forwarding to Government applications recommending
the erection ol places of public'worship with or without cemeteries, they
should invariably also obtain and send an agreement from the applicant
or applicants to the effect that he or they and their successors in title
will not at any time open a cemetery attached to the place of public
worship without the previous sanction oi Government. Copy of that
order R. O. C. No. 4535/27 G. A. dated 17th March 1928 is enclosed
for your information.
 495

Government Notification Dis. No. 563129/Devpt. I dated 3-4-29.

Relation of Public servants with co-operative Societies.

Under sanction of Her Highness the Maha Rani Regent, Clause 2

of ‘Notification R. Dis No. 502!28|Devpt,, dated the 13th March
1928, regarding tba rules for the guidance of Government servants in
their relations with co-operative societies is modified as follows
2, Government servants drawing a pay of Rs. 150 and below are
also at liberty to hold any Office in any such society or serve on any
committee appointed for the management of its affairs, but they shall not
accept remuneration except in accordance with the following provisions.
(i) The head of the department should be informed without
delay of the taking up of such work in every case whether
with or without remuneration.
(ii) The appointing authority'as well as the head of the depart¬
ment shall have power to require the Government servant
to resign his Office where they deem it necessary so to
direct.
(iii) If in any case the remuneration exceeds Rs. (100) one
hundred a year, the sanction of Government should be
obtained before accepting the remuneration.

: The Notification is reproduced below

'Under th* ^auction of Her Highness tlie Maha Rani Regent, lb Rules for the
 496

G. O. R. Dis No. 1200/29/Judl. dated 10th May 1929.

re: procedureifor dealing with notices of suits.

Proceedings of the Government ot Her Highness the Maharani

Regent of Travancore.

Read again
(1) Circular No. 6701 |R. 1140, dated the 15th October 1897,
laying down the procedure to be followed in the preparation of written
statements in suits to which the Sirkar is a party ;
(2) Circular No. 1 4485/2802/J, dated the 28th August 1906.
inviting the attention of Heads of Departments to the above circular, and
directing them to comply promptly with requisitions from Sirkar Vakils
for information required for the preparation of written statements ;
(3) Circular No. S. R. 73 42, dated the 15th September 1908,
requiring Heads of Departments and Offices to address the Sirkar Vakils
in the first instances, for obtaining legal opinion on any question;
(4) Circular No. 413, dated the- 28th January 1909, laying down
that, any claims against the Sirkar. the Heads of Departments should
inform the claimants in time that the Sirkar is willing and ready to’ipay
the amount admitted as due to them;
(5) G. O. No. J. 7509, dated the 19th September 1913, laying
down instructions for the prompt impleading of the representatives of the
defendants or respondents, who are dead, to suits in which the Sirkar is
a party ;
(6) G. O. No, J. 9662, dated the 9th November 1913, laying
down rules to obviate the delay and inconveniences entailed in the
matters of written statements sent up for approval to the Dewan Peishkar
or other Departmental Head by the Sirkar Vakil and in regard to
appeals to be preferred against the decision of a District Court;
(7) G. O. No. 2907IL. R. and F. dated the 11th March 1914,
requiring the Dewan Peishkars to forward a copy of notice of suit to the
Tahsildars concerned ;
(8) G. O. No 6f88|L. R., dated the 7th June 1914, directing
that Tahsildars should treat all requisitions for information from Sirkar
Vakils in cases in which the Sirkar is a party as very urgent;
(9) G. O. No. J. 5123, dated the 8th July 1914, making Tahsil¬
dars solely responsible for the accuracy of facts furnished by them to
the Sirkar Vakils in regard to the written statements to be filed in civil
courts irrespective of the reports made to them by their subordinate
Proverthiacrs ;
 497

(10) G..0, No. J, 3082/30 of 1914, dated the h 1916,

emphasising the provision in the circular of the 15T C 897j
referred to above, that Tahsildars should not in any even. . ‘ban
four weeks to furnish information required of them h - 7 1 Is in
Sirkar cases;
(11) -Circular No. L. R. 7208735 of 1920 dated lie _ - .gust
1920, laying down the procedure to be followed H' ~ ?rt-
ments in regard to notice of suit forwarded to *hc,n and
disposal in supersession of the circular issued unde; 9 - Sep¬
tember 1906 ;
(12) G. O. Dis. No, 351 of 21 /Revenue, dated 26 r l H, 1921
requiring Sirkar Vakils to supply the Tahsildars wLh cop.es ot judg ¬
ments and decrees in suits to which the Sirkar is a parly which
the tenure and ownership of lands are affected ;
(13) Circular R. Dis. No. 1673(1923 P. W., dated thelrth
December 1923, containing instructions to the Heads of Departments
for the careful preparation of written statements and reports relating to
the defence of suits filed against the Sirkar ;
(14) Circular R. O- C. No. 4559 of 26|Rev., dated the 1st
November 1926, containing stringent instructions to the Heads of
Departments to promptly comply with the requisitions made av die Sirkar
Vakils for information in suits to which the Sirkar is a party ;
(15) Notification R. Dis. No. 1405 of 28)Judi , oatea tie !nd
June 1928, authorising Heads of Departments, Head n ^ and
the Division Peishkars and the Commissioner DevicoL , - and
verify pleadings in suits in civil courts relating to any a ^ i ” Sailing
within the ordinary duties of their respective offices.

Read also;—
(1) Letter No. 442, dated the 26th Octo’ er 3923 ' c a the
Secretary to Government on Special Duty submitting among o’her things
the report on the administrative functions relating to he.’ - Vakils
Department ;
(2) Letter R. O- C. No. 571 of 24|Rev., dated die 2;-tri November
1926 and R. O. C. No. 8155 of 25/Judicial, dated the 7th . nne J927
to the Head Sirkar Vakil, requesting him to reexamine K- - - s' ndi-
vidual orders relating to the notice of suit, preparation ot ■.■ state¬
ments, conduct of appeals, execution of decrees etc., and sab,nit a set of
draft rules in a consolidated form;
(3) Letter No. 1107, dated the 4th June 1928, from ce Head
Sirkar Vakil, forwarding the draft rules, i
 498
Order R. Dk. No. 1200 of 29'ijudicial, dated Trieandtum, 1 Oth
May 1929.
The circulars and the G. Os read above contain rules and instruc¬
tions lor the guidance of Heads of Departments and offices in regard to
the notice of suits sent to them by Government for enquiry and report ou
disposal, as the case may be, preparation of written statements, defence
of suits, conduct of appeals, execution ^of decrees, etc. These instruc¬
tions and rules which were issued from time to time, are so scattered
that they could not be acted up to with precision with the result that
complaints are often received of the dilaloriness on the part of the
officers concerned in complying with requisitions made by the Sirkar
Vakils for correct and complete information in regard to suits to which
the Sirkar is a party. Such dilatoriness, while making it difficult for
the Sirkar sVakil s to defend the suits properly, results in unnecessary delay
in the progress of the suits and in pecuniary loss to Government. With
a view to remedy matters, the Head Sirkar Vakil was requested to re¬
examine the several individual orders on the subject, and submit a set of
draft rules in a consolidated form, removing the defects in the existing
rules and supplementing them with further instructions that may be
consid ered necessary. These rules have now been received.
2. Her Highness’ Government are pleased to lay down the follow¬
ing revised rules and instructions relating to the notices of suits, prepara¬
tion of written statements defence of suits, conduct of appeals, execution
of decrees, fees to Vakils etc., in supersession of the existing orders and
instructions on the subject:—

I. Notice of suit.
(a) Notices of suit addressed to Government under Section 65 of
the Civil Procedure Code, Regulation VIII of 1100, as amended by
Regulation X of 1100, shall ordinarily be sent to the Heads of Depart¬
ments concerned for enquiry and disposal. The Heads of Departments
shall enquire fully and carefully into the merits of each notice of suit and
submit a report to Government only in cases where they consider any
action is called for. In all other cases, they can record the notices of
suit which in their opinion deserve no attention.
(b) When, however, the Head of a Department considers that any
particular claim has to be admitted, he shall see that intimation is given
at the earliest possible date to the claimant that the Sirkar is willing and
ready to pay the amount admitted as due to him, so that the Courts may
not decree costs and future interests to the plaintiff in the suit filed
against the Sirkar for the reason that the claimant was not informed,
before the filing of such suit, that the Sirkar was ready and willing to
pay him the amount due.
 499

//, Conduct and defence, of suits and preparation of written

statements.
(a) All Heads of Departments, all Heads of Offices working im¬
mediately under and directly responsible to Government, and the Divi¬
sion Peishkars and the Commissioner, Devicolum, shall by virtue of the
powers, conferred by order XXVfl Rules 1 and 2 of the Code of Civil
Procedure, Regulation Vifl of 1100, as amended by Regulation X of
1100, act for Government in suits in Civil Courts relating to any trans¬
action falling within the ordinary duties of their respective offices and
shall further sign and verify pleadings and do and perform all other acts
that a recognised agent may do and perform.
Cb) On receipt of a notice of suit from the court, the Sirkar Vakil
shall at once apply for and obtain a copy of the plaint, if the said notice
is not accompanied by a copy of the plaint, noting the date of application
and the date of receipt of the papers.
(c) The sirkar vakil shall, within seoen days of the receipt of sum¬
mons and copy of plaint, prepare and forward to the Tahsildar or other
officer concerned a Memo or Arivoo setting forth in detail the points
on which information should be supplied.
id) The officer receiving a reference under Rule (c) shall Supply
the required information and forward the papers relating thereto within
two weeks from the date of receipt of the reference. If, in any case,
the information sought for cannot be supplied within that period a reply
should be sent to the Sirkar Vakil within the period, explaining the cause
of delay and stating the probable date when the information would be
ready. In no case shall the supply of information be delayed for more
than four weeks. The officers concerned shall be personally responsible
for the accuracy of the infomalion supplied by them-
(e) The Sirkar Vakil, shall, on receipt of the information called
for, prepare the written statement and submit the same to the head of
the Department or the Dewan Peishkar concerned within one week-
(/) The Heads of Departments or the Dewan Peishkars, referred
to in Rule (e) shall, after satisfying themselves that all the available
information has been supplied to the Sirkar Vakil and that the informa¬
tion bears out the contentions urged in the Written statement and with
such alterations > as they deem necessary, forward the same to the Head
Sirkar Vakil direct within / 0 days.
(s) The Head Sirkar Vakil shall see that written statements receiv¬
ed under Rule (/) are fully and carefully scrutinised in his office with
the aid of such further information, if any, which he thinks necessary.
He shall then prepare an office note on the case and submit it to the
Dewan for orders. After Obtaining the Dewan’s orders, he should
send back the written statement, revised if necessary, to the Sirkar Vakil,
Within 10 days.
 500

• . -.'.vc ci he copy of 'ke revised written statement afore-

'-i/£:-,i shall have,:: copied fair and sent to the Tahsildar
Ve . c.d o in rule (c), for his signature so that the same
-.-ed s'gnedand finally produced in court within one week
; . ' ece p of the revised written statement by the Sirkar
Va 1 _ To per od of three months allowed under note (2) to
Rut - n- Ci d Courts’ Guide.
■ ! i - ? rpse in which an officer recommends the defence of a
1 aio ^ h? he s'a eraents, reports and answers, prepared in
h, a>c drawn up with the utmost care and attention
i-r -'cs is done by way of omission or commission which
• r - ce 1 » "ucc^ssful defence of any issue involved in that suit
_ . will not hesitate to hold any officer personally responsible
fo, • - m this respect and to direct him to bear the consequences
incogs ~i fitch tne interests of Government are prejudiced through his
fanii. 1 he decision as to the manner in which the charges of defence
shall its -if tma’ely borne will be reserved until the decree is passed and,
she islet '’.e decision, concerned, be adverse to the Government the officer
coiic^.'-J , lino be relieved of his liability unless it is clear that he
has s'o ,i picpa cue and attention throughout the defence of the suit.
If:. Bringing on record the representatives of the defendants ot
respondents, who are dead, in suits to which the Sirkar is a party.
us sui-s and appeals filed by the Sirkar, the following procedure
shall he followed in the matter of bringing on record the legal represen¬
tatives et deceased parties:—
(c) Before a suit is instituted or aa appeal is filed on behalf of
the Sil'kar, the Tahsildar concerned shall be written to by the Sirkar
Vakil, or the Head Sirkar Vakil as the case may be, for correct inform¬
ation in regard to the name, description and address of the defendants
or respondent.
(b) The Tahsildar shall immediately obtain the necessary in-
formation and submit a report for the accuracy of which he shall be
personally responsible;
\7kn he suit or appeal is filed, the- Sirkar Vakil or the
Htdc bunel Vakil, as the case may be, shall send to the Tahsildar con¬
cerned a copy of ,he plaint or memorandum of appeal and the Tahsildajf
shall . r-- -i Ssue orders to the Proyerthicar of the Pakuthy in which
tk cLi jr n s or respondents reside, and, if necessary, also to the
Piovta.u.ef.i of ihepakuthy in which the plaint properties are situate to
infoim tne oirirar Vakil or the Head Sirkar Vakil as the case may be,
cf the ut-aJi of such defendants or respondents within a week from the
date o: Jc-adi, as well as the names, addresses, and descriptions of the
^representatives of the deceased, if any, within a month ;
 501

(d) The order to the Proverthicar shall be pending on his file

until he is informed that the suit has been finally disposed of;
(e) The Sirkar Vakil, shall, on hearing from the Head Sirkar
V akil that the suit has been finally disposed of in appeal or that the
decree of the District Court has become final by the non-filing of an
appeal, communicate to the Tahsildar concerned that the suit has been
finally disposed of.>
IV. Conduct of Appeals.
(a) In cases in which the Sirkar is a party, as soon as the
decision is pronounced, the District Court Sirkar Vakil shall apply for
and obtain copies of the judgment, decree, and the^ necessary papers
and send Ithe records direct to the Head Sirkar Vakil. The Sirkar
Vakil shall also forward an office note and a draft memo of appeal
if, in his view, an appeal is necessary. In cases in which the decree is
adverse to the Sirkar, the Sirkar Vakil shall also inform the Head of
the Department or the Dewan Pcishkar concerned of the fact, as also of
the nature of the decision in the case, the date on which the appeal time
expires and whether in his opinion' an appeal is necessary or not. On
receipt of the information the officer concerned shall send up his views
to the Head Sirkar Vakil as soon as possible, The Head sirkar Vakil
will then submit a note to the Dewan and obtain his ordersfor an appeal
being preferred.
(h) Where the decision is to be appealed against wholly, the
approval of the Dewan is not necessary, except when the interests at
stake are large or when any question of principle is involved or when
the propriety of a departmental practice or the conduct o( a departmental
subordinate is in question or when any other question is raised on which
the orders of Government are necessary.
V. S aits or appeals in which change of tenure of ownership of lands
is affected hy the decrees therein.
As soon as decrees are passed in Civil Suits to which the Sirkar"
Is a party and by which the tenure or ownership of lands is affected, the
Sirkar Vakil concerned shall apply for and obtain copies of the decrees
Of the lower courts as well as of the Appellate Court, if an appeal
has been preferred, and send them to the Tahsildar concerned, if, in
any case, the decrees do not contain sufficient particulars copies of
judgments ihal have become final should also be obtained by the Sirkar
Vakil alld promptly supplied to the Tahsildar concerned upon
application from the latter for such copies, the cost being debited to the
budget of the Sirkar Vakil’s Department.
VI. Execution of decrees.
{&) As soon as a suit has been decided in appeal adversely to
Government, or when the decision against the Government is such that
 502

it is not considered, fit for appeal, the Head Sirkar Vakil should forth¬
with apply to the Heads of Departments concerned for the funds neces¬
sary for the satisfaction of the decree, without waiting for an application
for execution thereof.
(6) The Head Sirkar Vakil shall submit to Government a quarterly
statement of suits to which the Sirkar is a party.

VII. Fees to Vakih engaged in connection with crown defences.

Private Vakils may be engaged at Government cost for defending
pauper prisoners in trials for murder and such other grave crimes punish¬
able with death or life imprisonment by the judges of .the High Court
and the District and Sessions Courts who dispose of those cases. The
amount of the fee to be paid to a single Vakil shall be fixed by those
judges, subject to a minimum of Rs. 20 and a maximum of Rs. 30 in the
High Court, and a minimum of Rs. 20 and a maximum of Rs. 50 in the
District and Session Courts, as laid down in Appendix 3, item No. 27,
of the Account Code. The disbursements shall be made by the Sirkar
Vakil among whom funds are distributed by the Head Sirkar Vakil but
the Sirkar Vakil shall, in each case, obtain the sanction of the Head
Sirkar Vakil before making the payment.

VIII. Legal opinions.

Heads of Departments and Offices, shall .whenever legal opinion is

required on any question, ordinarily address the Sirkar Vakil of the
District Court concerned in the first instance for advice.

IX. General.

All requisitions for information from the Sirkar Vakils in cases in

which the Sirkar is a party shalljjbe treated as eery urgent and complied
with promptly.

(By order)
T. P. Ramasubbiia lyEii" 1
Acting Secretary to Government.

!. The Head Sirkar Vakil.

2. All District Court Sirkar Vakils.
3. All Tahsildars.
4. The other Heads of Departments.
5. Alljjsections.
 503
Government Notification R, O. C. No. 1849/27/Acc, dated 8-6-29
n prohibition on Public Servants in acting as Foremen of Chitties,

Instances have been brought to the notice of Government of cases

in which certain Officers engaging themselves in chitties as foremen
either singly or jointly have become so embarassed in their circumstances
that their salaries have been placed under continual attachment by civil
courts towards the payment of their liability, This tends to militate
against the efficent discharge of their public duties. It is therefore
notified that no public servant shall hereafter act either singly or jointly
as foreman of a chitty.

Government Notification Dis. No- 241/30/Mis. datd 17-3-30.

re-erection of Places of Public Worship,
It is hereby notified that the Government of Her Highness the
Maha Rani Regent have been pleased to make the following rule regu
lating places of public worship. Any person infringing the rule is liable
to be prosecuted for an offence under Section 182 of the Travancore
Penal Code:—
From and after the date of the publication of this Rule in the Go¬
vernment Gazette no person shall, without the previous written permis¬
sion of Government, open or create a cemetery attached to any place of
public worship and no person shall use any such cemetery opened or
created without such permission knowing that such permission has not
been granted.

Government Circular Dis. No. 108/30|L. G, B. datek 19-9-30.

Getting articles of furniture from P. W. D. Workshops.

In their cirular order R. Dis. No. 322/26/P, W., dated the 31st
March 1926, Government had directed that all Government Offices in
Trivandrum and its suburbs should get articles of furniture from the
P. W. Workshops, Trivandrum, except when the cost does not exceed
Rs. 50 or when the Workshops’ estimate is over 10 per cent, of the
lowest estimate furnished by contractors. Government regret to observe
that there is a tendency on the part of some Officers to avoid the placing
of orders for the supply of furniture with the Workshops, even though the
conditions specified above are satisfied. The attention of all Heads of
Departments and Offices is therefore invited to the above circular, and
they are requested to see that the instructions given therein are strictly
complied with,
 504

G. O. R. Dis. No. 1593/30 Rev. dated 9th December 1930.

Assum ption of Management under Hindu Religious Endowment
Regulation.
With relerence to the correspondence ending with your letter
R. O. C. No. 2443/28!Acc, da'ed the 18th November 1929, re :
assumption of management of Suchindrum Karthikai Kadesi Somavara
Chirappu Fund, by Government, I have the honor to inform you that the
case was posted for hearing, and the Dewan heard the parlies, on the
25th November 1930, Government consider that the provisions of the
Hindu Religious Endowment Regulation are not of a mandatory charac¬
ter and that they are no! therefore bound to take up the management of
any trust of this kind wherr applied for. On principle, they should
decline to saddle themselves with responsibilities of this kind, esepcially
when there is a likelihood of the right to trustee-ship being questioned
before a court of competent jurisdiction. In this case, more than one
person has come forward claiming to be trustees of this charity. The
present application is made by one claiming himself to be the sole trustee
of the charity. Section 5 requires, action to be taken on the application
of a majority of the trustees. • Government therefore consider that they
should not undertake to decide questions of rights to trusteeship,
as their decision in the matter cannot conclude the parties. The
petitioner’s prayer cannot under the circumstances, be granted. He
can, of course renew his present prayer on getting the declaration oj
a court of competent jurisdiction that he, and not any of the counter
petitioners, is solely entitled to act as trustee. Tire petition is therefore
dismissed. The party may be informed accordingly. The records
are returned. -

G. O. Dis. No. 83/3 F/G. L. dated the l3ih January 1931.

Report on church applications to be sent within 20 days.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 1039/28, dated the

23rd rebruary 1929 re ; the time to be allowed to you to offer your
opinion on applications for the erection of places of public worship, I
have the honor to inform you that Government sanction a period of 20
days from the date of the Dewan Peishkar’s notification, being'allowed
to you for the purpose.

Government Notification Dis. No. J025/31/Judl. dated 20-4-31.

Prohibition on Public servants in entering into industrial business.
Cases of Government servants being owners of buses and cars that
ply for hire have been recently brought to the notice of Government by
 505

the Commissioner of Police. As this is prejudicial to the efficient dis¬

charge of the legitimate duties of such public servants, Government
hereby direct that, in future, no public servant shall engage in trade or
other commercial or industrial business except with the previous sanction
of the Government.

Financial Circular No. T. G. 1100/dated 28-4-31.

It has been brought to the notice of this office that, in the matter of
court attachment deductions, difficulties and inconveniences are ex¬
perienced by courts in posting the recoveries, as the Advice lists are
often found to contain merely the number of the suit without giving the
nature of the suit by the addition of the letters O. S„ S. C. S., etc.
All heads of departments and offices are therefore requested to see that
the correct number of the suits with the distinguishing letters of O. S.
in original suits, S. C. S. in small cause suits, and File No. in suits of
Panchayat Courts as also the names of the .judgment debtors and the
names of the courts where the suits were filed are invariably furnished in
the Advice lists attached to the bills so that the amounts may be correctly
credited by the courts concerned to the suits to which they actually
relate.

Government Notification R. Dis. 1186131/GL/dated 27-6-’3l.

Public servants entering into financial transactions with others.

Under sanction of Her Highness the Maharani Regent, it is

hereby notified that the following rules shall be observed in the case of
Public servants entering into financial transactions with any person : —
1. In these rules, Public servant means any Officer drawing
his salary or any part of his salary from the Public Revenues, and
includes also Officers in the service of Municipal Councils and other
local bodies.
Insolvent means any person who is declared an insolvent by a
competent court of law under the Insolvency Regulation VIII of 1090,
Attachment means attachment by a competent Court of law as
provided for in the Code of Civil Procedure or any other law in force
for the time being.
2. These rules shall apply only to persons who are hereafter
declared insolvent or whose salary is hereafter placed under attachment.
 506

3. Eevery public servant,

(a) who is declared an insolvent or

(b) a moiety of whose salary is being constantly attached or

(c) a moiety of whose salary has been continuously under

attachment for a period exceeding two years or

(d) a moiety of whose salary has been attached for a sum

which cannot by that process be paid up within a period of two years,
is liable to removal from the Public service, provided however, that such
removal will not ordinarily result in the forfeiture of the pension which
the person concerned would then be entitled to under the rules.

Exception. No Public servant shall, however, be liable to removal

from service whose insolvency or indebtedness is the result of circums¬
tances which, with the exercise of ordinary diligence he could not have
prevented or over which he had no control, or which has not proceeded
from extraoagant or dissipated habits. The burden of proving such
special circumstances shall always be upon the Public Servant
concerned.

4. On receipt of information that a Public Servant has been

declared insolvent or that his salary has been attached etc., the Head
of the Department or the Head of the Office shall, in the case of those
Public Servants who are appointed by the Government, communicate
the fact-forthwith to the Government, and in the case of those Public
Servants whom they themselves or their subordinates are competent to
appoint, take or cause to be taken such action as may be called for
under rule 3.

5. The plea that insolvency or indebtedness has been caused by

standing security for other persons shall in no case be accepted as an
excuse for abating the action under these rules.

6. ' In every case of removal from service ordered by the Head

of a Department or the Head of an Office or any other Officer, an
appeal shall lie to Government, provided the appeal is preferred not later
than 60 days from the date of receipt of the order of removal from
Seryice. An appeal preferred after 60 days may be entertained by the
Government if they are satisfied that there was reasonable cause for the
delay in the presentation of the appeal..
 507

G- O. Dis. No. 68 of 32/Dev. dated the 17th March 1932.

Endorsement on petition dated 5th Makaram I! 04, from A.

Krishnasubramonia Vadhyar, trustee of the Erachakulam Devaswom
appealing against the order of fine of Rs. 50 imposed on him under
section 4 of the Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation, by the
Superintendent of Devaswoms, Bhoothapandy Group, for failure to
produce certain accounts of the Erachkulam Devaswom.
The petitioner is informed that Government consider that die
authority competent to impose the fine is the Sirkar, in whom the
melkoima right over the Devaswoms and other Religious Institutions is
vested, and not any subordinate officer of the Sirkar. They therefore
set aside the order of the Superintendent of Devaswoms, Bhoothapandy
Group, imposing the fine of Rs. 50 on the appellant.
(Sd.) K. J. Ceieriyan,
For Chief Secretory to Government.
To
A. Krishnasubramonia Vadhyar,
Trustee of the Erachakulam Devaswom,
Dis. No. 68 of 32|Dev. Huzur Cutcherry,
Trivandrum, 17th March 1932.
Copy, with copy of the Additional Head Sirkar Vakil’s U. O.
No. 3l, dated 11-1-1932, on the subject, forwarded to the Devaswom
Commissioner for information and necessary action with reference to
the correspondence ending with his letter R. O. C. No 1217)26, dated
12-12-1929,
K. J, Che hiy an,
For Chief Secretary io Government.

(Enclosure.)
No. 31. Addl. Head Sirkar Vakil’s Office,
Trivandrum, 11th January 1932.
The question for legai[opinion is, who is it that is competent to
impose the fine as contemplated in the last para of Section 4 of the
Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation of 1079. That provision says
merely that the trustee or manager “shall he liable to a fine,” but does not
say wbo it is that may order the fine. It is clear that it is a punishment,
the punishment of a private citizen, that is contemplated. The first im¬
pression, at any rate one [plausible view, would therefore be that that
 508

punishment should be by the judicial tribunal of a Criminal Court, the

implication being that an offence, an offence under a “ special law ”,
has been created by the Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation and
that that offence should, in the absence of any special provisions, be
tried and dealt with like the ordinary offences in the land. This view
has the advantage that the entire procedure for trials, appeals etc.,
about which there is an absolute lack of provision in the Regulation,
will be supplied by the ordinary Criminal Law. But it may be urged
firstly that, under the provisions of the Hindu Religious Endowments
Regulation, the fine is expressly contemplated to be recovered as arrears
of public revenue ; whereas a Criminal Court fine, and fines generally,
would, under a previously enacted Regulation, have been recoverable
under the provisions of the Penal Code. See Section 1 7 of the Gene¬
ral Clauses Regulation of 1072. And, secondly, it may be urged that
the provision of the Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation contem¬
plates a dismissal also of the trustee or manager for the same offence,
if he is found guilty of it on three occasions, that prima facie the fining
authority and dismissing authority must be the same and that the Legis¬
lature could never have intended the Criminal Courts to exercise the
power of dismissing trustees. Against these, it may be replied, on the
first point, that the Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation provision
for the recovery of the fine is only a special provision, “ and express
provision to the contrary” as contemplated by the General Clauses'
Regulation, Section 17, itself; and, on the second point, it may be
answered that the fining authority and dismissing authority need not
necessarily he the same and that while, the fining authority will be im¬
posing fines the dismissing authority will dismiss when the guilt has
been brought home on three occasions. In the circumstances, it does
appear to me that one view is to hold that the authority competent to
impose the fine under the Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation
provision referred to is the Criminal Court.
2. Another view that may be taken is that the authority competent
to impose the fine is the Sirkar, that is the Government, in whom the
Melkoima right over the Devaswoms and other Hindu Religious Insti¬
tutions is vested, and not any subordinate officer of the Sirkar and,
strictly speaking, not even the Dewan acting as such. The Hindu
Religious Endowments Regulation was passed to give “legislative
sanction ” to the Melkoima right of the Sirkar, “the undoubted right
which Government.possesses for interfering in the affairs of these
institutions ”, (See the Statement of Objects and Reasons to the Bill
which became the Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation). May
not the power of fining trustees or managers be one of the rights so
possessed by Government for interfering in the affairs of Devaswoms?
The right of Melkoima is the right of the Sovereign power or the
 509

Government to superintend and control the administration of public trusts:

and, in exercise of that right, the Government can call for and inspect
accounts of the Devaswoms, give direction for the administration of the
Devaswoms, remove trustees and appoint new trustees and even assume
altogether the administration of the Devaswoms as was done in 987
M. E, during Col. Munro’s time. Provision is made in the Hindu
Religious Endowments Regulation for the exercise of these powers by
the Government in varying circumstances. It may not be unreasonable
to bold that the power of fining trustees is one such power of the Mel-
koima and that if' provision is made for the imposition of fines on
trustees, as in Section 4, last para that imposition is to he done by the
Melkoima i. e„ the Sirkar or Government, in the absence of any specific
provisions touching the matter. That the Government, cither as Mel-
koima or as parens partiae, have certain punitive powers for, or towards,
the control of the administration of the Devaswoms and other Hindu
Religious Institutions is the basis on which the Hindu Religious
Endowments Regulation proceeds, and although the exercise of many
of the powers may be expressly provided for by the Regulation itself
it need not be that every detail is expressly provided for, and it may
be that some things are taken for granted. For instance, the dismissal
of trustees would I think be admitted to be one of the powers that may
be exercised by the Government in virtue of their Melkoima; and
Section 4, last para, of the Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation
assumed that there may be a dismissal of trustees. But nowhere is it
stated who it is that is competent to exercise the power of dismissal.
Section 9 of the Regulation, in providing for the removal or dismissal
of trustees as regards a particular class of Devaswoms and in a certain
particular set of circumstances, provides that the Sirkar may remove
the trustees. This provision is no legal authority for holding that the
dismissal of trustees, contemplated in Section 4, last para, is also to be
ordered by the Sirkar, because this latter provision applies to a much
larger classes of Devaswoms than the provision of Section 9 and con¬
templates a set of circumstances not covered by Section 9. Nonethe¬
less, the provision of Section 9 is suggestive enough and suggests that
the Sirkar will be taken as a matter of course to be the authority com¬
petent to dismiss trustees generally. But, where is the express legal or
formal basis for holding that the authority competent to dismiss trustees
is, in every case, the Sirkar, and where is the clue to suggest who at
all is the authority to order the dismissal contemplated in Section 4,
last para, of the Regulation ? There is none in the Regulation. The
Regulation was being sbaped in the atmosphere of the then existing
general law, the common law, of the land relating to Devaswoms,
under which it is the Sirkar that is competent, in virtue of their Mel¬
koima, to dismiss trustees. It is reasonable therefore to interpret the
provisions of the Regulation in the light of the rules of such general law
 510

and hold that, when a dismissal of trustees is contemplated by the

Regulation, that dismissal should be by the Sirkar, in the absence of
any special provision about it in the Regulation itself. If so, it should
follow that the power of dismissal contemplated in Section 4, last para,
of the Regulation should be exercised by the Government. And, if
that be so we may reasonably hold that the power of fining too should
be, and is intended to be, exercised by the Government, particularly
because that power of fining is provided for in the very same sentence
which provided for the power of dismissal and is provided for in res¬
pect of the same kind of offence. This, it seems to me, is also a reason¬
able view to take.
3. It is somewhat difficult to choose between the two views sug¬
gested above. But if one view has to be definitely taken, as it has to
be, 1 would take the latter view, namely that the authority competent to
impose the fine under the provisions of Section 4, last para, of the
Hindu Religious Endowments Regulation is the Sirkar or the Govern¬
ment. There are three reasons which induce me to prefer this view to
the other. One is that the punishment, being for contempt of lawful
authority, should be expeditious and summary and could not have been
intended to await the result of a regular trial by the judicial tribunals.
The second reason is that the authority defied being the Executive, it
should be the Executive itself, rather than the judiciary, that should
inflict the punishment for the defiance. And the third reason is that the
dismissing authority and the fining authority must be the same, and as
the dismissing authority cannot but be the Government the fining
authority must also be the Government and hone else.

K. Parameswaran Pillai,
Addl. Head Sirkar Vakil

Government Circular R. Dis. No. 1337 of 32[Genl./dated 23-9-’32.

It has been brought to the notice of Government that in conducting

enquiries on applications for permission to erect places of public worship
with cemeteries, the point whether the sites proposed are not within
objectionable proximity to other public or private institutions such in'
Schools etc., is not always looked into. The Dewan Peishkars and
the Commissioner, Devicolam, are requested to see that, in every case
of application for erection of places of public worship with cemeteries
attached to them, this point is invariably considered and that special
reference is made to it in their reports submitting the applications to
Government,
 511

Government Circular No. 5/1932/P. R.

Using of tlie services of Publicity Officer.

It has been brought to the notice of Government that authentic

information about many matters of interest is not available to the gene¬
ral public and that, in many cases, the absence of official publicity has
been a great draw back. Government recognise the value of supplying
correct information on matters of general interest to the public as that
would be a useful means of securing a correct understanding of the
aims and intentions of Government. Now that a Publicity Officer to
Government has been appointed in charge of the Press Room, Govern¬
ment consider that Heads of Departments and Offices may usefully
utilise his services to publish any important features of their administra¬
tion and request them to supply to him short notes on all matters which
in their opinion need publicity.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 5395/32|GI. dated 1st November 1932.

Attendance of officers for Arattu and Pallivetta Processions.

I have the honor to invite your attention to circular letter No. G.

2038 dated 11th April 1911 regarding attendance of local Nayar
officers drawing Rs. (150) one hundred and fifty and above with sword
and shield for the Vetta and Arat processions in the Sri Padmanabha-
swamy temple and to inform you that H. H. the Maharaja has been
pleased to command that hereafter only local Nayar officers drawing
Rs. (350) three hundred and fifty and above should accompany the
above processions wearing sword and shield. 1 request that you will be
so good as to issue immediate instructions to the officers concerned in
your Department and inform them that this arrangement is to take effect
from the current Alpasi Utsalvam onwards. It may be noted that the
above officers need not wear sword and shield in accompanying the
procession whenever His Highness the Maharaja is not present for the
function.
2. A copy of the circular letter of 1911 is enclosed for easy
reference.
(Enclosure.)
(Copy of letter No. G. 2038 dated 11th April 1911 from Chief
Secretary to Government to Heads of Departments.)
 512

•‘l am directed to inform you that H. H. the Maharaja has been

pleased to command that for Vetta and Arat processions in connection
with the Ulsavam festivals in the Sri Padmanabhaswamy Pagoda only
local Nair officers drawing Rs. (1 50) one hundred and fifty and above
and to whom the pr ivilege has been granted should accompany wearing
sword and shield. I request thesefore that you will be so good as to
issue necessary instructions to the officers concerned in your Department.

No. 106.
Head Sirkar Vakil's Office,
Trivandrum, 12th January 1933.
U.O.
The requisition which Co-operative Societies make upon heads of
Government Departments to send moieties of the salaries of their sub¬
ordinates pursuant to the agreements entered into between such societies
and such subordinates, cannot be said to be “ attachments ’’ in the sense
in which the word “attachment ' is defined in the Notification R. Dis
No. 1186/31 (Genl., dated the 27th June 1931. The rules laid down
in the notification cannot therefore be enforced on the basis of requisi¬
tions of Co-operative Societies such as those described above,

T. R. Regunatha/Pyengar,
'Head Sirkar Vakil.

D. Dis. No. 187133/Genl,

Huzur Cutchery,
Trivandrum, 6/11” February 1933.
Copy forwarded to the Devaswom Commissioner, Travancore, for
information and guidance.

S. Narayanaswami Rao,

For Chief Secretary to Government.

 513

R. O. C. No. 845/33|Legis
Huzur Cutcherry,
Trivandrum. 21st July 1933
To
The Superintendent,
G overnment Press,
Trivandrum.
With reference to the correspondence ending with your Iet.sr
No. 3489/33., dated the 15th June 1933 and your D. O. dated the 3rd
July 1933, re: printing of the Departmental Administration Reports. 1
have the honor to inform you that Government sanction the various
Departmental Administration Reports being printed and distributed as
shown in the statement appended to this letter The supply to the
Legislative Section of 28 copies of the 'annual reports of all tne Depart¬
ments of the State bound together should be continued, as also the
supply of copies of Departmental Administration Reports to the urban
libraries which are getting them already.
1 have etc.,
K. Gburg«, ,
Chief Secretary to Government.
Extract from the Statement showing the number of copies of the various
Departmental Administration Reports to be printed and the
distribution thereof.

Government Circular R. O. C. No. 2244/33(C. -P. 0. dated 5-1-34.

Rerequisition for printing.

In G. O. R. Dis. No. I62/33/G1. dated the 31st January 1933

(published on page 682 of Part 1 of the Gazette dated the 7th Febru¬
ary 1933) Government had issued the following instructions for the
 514

guidance of the Heads of Departments and Offices in sending requisitions

[or printing:—
1. Departmental heads should not send orders for works, the printed
copies of which are required to be supplied on a definite date without
giving sufficient time for the Press to attend to the matter under normal
conditions of work.
2. Proofs should not be asked to be sent within fixed dates irrespec¬
tive of the bulk of the work and the time of sending the same for print¬
ing.
3. For any work out of the ordinary that the departments may have
to get done at the Press, the departments concerned should find funds
for meeting the cost of extra labour involved on that account.
Government regret to note that the above instructions are not being
carried out and that urgent requisitions for printing and binding are still
being received from Heads of Departments and Offices necessitating
over-time work. This state of affairs causes not only considerable
difficulty and inconvenience to the Central Printing Office and Presses
but also loss to Goveanment on account of unnecessary printing charges.
All Heads of Departments and Offices are therefore requested to see
that all requisitions for printing and binding are forwarded to the Central
Printing Office sufficiently early, so that the Presses may be allowed a
reasonable time to carry out the works under normal conditions without
going in for over-time work.
It should also be noted that except in the case of works which,
through unavoidable causes, are really urgent, the cost of extra labour
incurred on account of any work done in the Presses outside normal
working hours will be recovered from the department concerned.
The above rules should be strictly adhered to in future.

G. O. No. FI 348 dated the 26th February 1934.

Compassionate Gratuity Scheme extended to Fund employees.

The Government are pleased to sanction the Compassionate

Gratuity Scheme introduced with effect from 1st Vrischigam 1108 in
G. O. No, FI. 2129, dated 2nd November 1932, being extended to the
subordinates in pensionable employe under the Municipal, Devaswom and
other Funds administered by the Government with effect from 1st
Meenom 1109.
 515

G. O. Dis. No. 64|35!Dev., dated 18th January 1935.

* Printing of correction slips to Pathivukanakkus.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 237/110|P. R., dated

27-1 1-1934, I have the honor to inform you that in the circumstances
stated, Government saction twenty copies of the correction slips to
revised Pathivukanakkus of Devaswoms being printed and supplied to
you. The slips may be sent to the Superintendent, Government Press,
direct by you.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 4612/34/Genl, dated 'the 21st February 1935,

Devaswom Department to be consulted in/the disposal of application for
• erection of places of public worship.

2- I am to point out, in this connection, that in all cases where

permission is sought for for the erection of churches or opening of ceme¬
teries, the practice of consulting the Devaswom Department and of send¬
ing up the Commissioner’s report along with the records of the case
should be strictly followed and should not be deviated from on any
account.

Government Notification R. Dis. No. 403/35/C.P.O. dated 18-5-35.

It is hereby notified, for the information of all Heads of Depart¬

ments and Offices, that in future, Officers requiring spare copies of noti¬
fications &c., published in the Gazette, may send their requisitions direct
to the Superintendent, Government Press, if the number of spare copies
required is not above 25. When the number exceeds 25, the requisi¬
tions should be addressed to the Chief Secretary to Government,
(Central Printing Office), and sanction of Government, should be
obtained for the supply of spare copies, as usual.

Government Circular R. Dis. No. 479/35/C. P. O. dated 21-6-35.

It has been brought to the notice of Government that the instruc¬

tions issued in their Circular R. O. C. No. 20132/S. F., dated the 7th
November 1932, regarding the stocking and accounting of printed forms
and registers, are not properly followed in many offices, and that the
way in which the stock and accounts of forms are maintained in most of
the offices is far from satisfactory. Considerable damage to printed
forms is also reported to have been caused on account of the want of
proper care on the part of the subordinates concerned. Heads of
Departments and Offices are therefore requested once again to take
 516

immediate steps to see that printed forms are stocked and accounted for
in accordance with the Government circular under reference, that suit-
able accommodation and racks are provided for the stocking of forms
wherever necessary, and that the instructions contained in the above
circular are carried out in every detail in all the offices of the State.
The stock and accounts of forms should also he examined by the ins¬
pecting Officers during their visits to Offices and such disciplinary action
as they deem fit should be taken against the subordinates who disobey
the orders of Government in the matter. Heads of Departments and
Offices are also informed that unless they see to the proper arrangement,
distribution and stocking of printed forms, .the Central Printing Office
has instructions to stop the issue of forms to the Offices at fault.

Government Circular R O. C. No. 2372/35/C. P. O. dated 19-7-35-

it has been brought to the notice of Government that contrary to

the orders contained in Government notification R. Dis- No. 403135/
C. P. O., dated the 18th May 1935, some Heads of Departments and
Offices are sending direct to the Superintendent, Government Press, re¬
quisitions for the supply of spare copies of notifications &c.„ published
in the Gazette in excess of the limit of 25 copies fixed therein, and that
in the few cases where they address Government in the matter, as
directed in the notification under reference, the requisitions are received
very late, and hence by the time orders are issued from the Central
Printing Office to the Superintendent, Government Press, for the supply
of spare copies, it often happens that the forms are distributed necessi¬
tating thereby fresh setting in the Press 'for printing the spare copies.
This is a source of avoidable loss to Government. All Heads of
Departments and Offices are therefore requested to strictly adhere to the
provisions contained in the notification under reference, and to arrange
for all requisitions for spare copies in excess of the limit fixed in the
notification, being addressed to the Chief Secretary to Government
(Central Printing Office), and also to see that such requisitions are sent
up sufficiently early, so that unnecessary delay and loss to Government
under printing charges, may be avoided.

Government Circular R. Dis. No. 66/36/C. P. O. dated 7-2-’36.

' The Punalur Paper Mills, Ltd , Punalur, having offered to purchase
all waste paper etc., available in the various Government Offices and
Government Printing Presses in the State, Government considered the
question and have decided to sell all available waste paper (other than
records ripe for destruction) coloured paper cuttings, straw board cuttings,
and white paper cuttings, to them, at the following rates : —
 517

(a) Waste paper, coloured paper cuttings, and straw board cuttings
at Rs. 6 lsix- per ton.
(b) White paper cuttings at Rs. 10 (tent per ton.
Government have accordingly entered into a written agreement
■with tile company subject to the following conditions : —
1. Instructions will be issued by Government to all heads of Depart¬
ments and Offices in the State that all waste paper and paper cuttings
including straw board cuttings should be accumulated for sale to the
company.
2. The company shall appoint local agents for removing the waste
paper etc., from the Offices.
3. The company shall communicate to each and every departmental
Office doing business with them, the name of the loci] agent concerned
and also any change of the agent.
4. If any head of Office or Department is not satisfied with the con¬
duct of any local agent appointed by the company, he shall at once inform
the company about it, and the company shall forthwith remove such
agent and appoint any other agent.
5. When in any Office waste paper etc., has accumulated to about
half a ton, intimation shall be given by the head of Office to the local
agent of the company. '
6. The removal of the waste paper, cuttings etc., from the various
departmental Offices, shall be done by the company through their local
agents at their own cost.
7. The local agent of the company shall, as soon as he receives
intimation as per clause (5) supra, proceed to the Office from which
intimation is received, ascertain by actual weighment in the presence of
the head of the Office, the quantity of the waste paper, paper cuttings etc.,
accumulated, remit the price thereof calculated at the rates specified
above into the nearest Government Treasury on duplicate chalans coun¬
tersigned by the head of the Office, and deliver the treasury receipt
to the head of the Office. Particulars of the quantity and quality of the
waste paper etc., supplied shall be clearly shown in the chalan.
8. On production of the receipted chalan, the head of the Office
will deliver the waste paper etc., to the local agents of the company,
after once more checking the weighment of the paper so delivered, with
the quantity entered in the chalan.
9. The contract shall be for a term of five years renewable there¬
after at the option of the Government, subject to such terms and condi¬
tions as may then be imposed by them.
10. All heads of Departments and Offices are therefore requested to
accumulate all waste paper etc,, for being sold to the Punalur Paper Mills
 518

as per the above instructions. Tbe sale proceeds of the waste paper etc.,
of tbe commercial departments such as tbe Ancbal Department etc.,
which are debited with the cost of the stationery supplied to, and of the
printing work done for them, may be credited to the respective depart¬
ments themselves and those of the other departments to !‘-XXi (I) Sta¬
tionery receipts (6) other items’'. The receipted chalan should be
forwarded to the Central Printing Office as soon as the waste paper etc.,
has been delivered to the company. A register in the following form
should be maintained in all Offices, the columns of which should be
posted before the chalan is forwarded to the Central Printing Office
Register, of waste paper and white paper cuttings sold to the
Punalur Paper Mills.
From.

The Central Printing Office will also maintain a register the colums
of which will be posted from tbe chalans received from tbe beads of
Offices.

Government Circular R. Dis. No. 523/36|'P. W. dated 22-3-’36.

Government had, in their Circular R. Dis. No. 322/26/P. W.,

dated the 21st March 1936, directed that all Government Offices in
Trivandrum and its suburbs should get articles of furniture from the
P. W. D. Workshops, Trivandrum, except when the cost did not exceed
Rs. 50 or when the Workshops estimate was over JO per cent of the
lowest estimate of private contractors. After further consideration of
the question, Government consider it desirable that all furniture required
for Government institutions should be obtained from the Government
Workshops only. They further desire that Government Offices should
purchase only from the Rubber Factory and the Central Prison such
articles as can be manufactured there. The following instructions are
therefore issued for the guidance of the Heads of Departments and
Offices;—
 519
(h All Government Offices and institutions in Trivandrum
should, irrespective ol the cost of any single order, invari¬
ably place future orders with the P. W. D. Workshops,
Trivandrum, the Rubber Factory and the Central Prison
for all furniture and other articles which can be manu¬
factured there;
(ii) For the requirements of Government institutions outside the
town of Trivandrum, arrangements may be made with pri¬
vate agencies, only if the total cost of the articles does not
exceed Rs. 1 00, care being taken also to see that orders
for the requirements of any one year are not split up, with
a view to place the order locally with private agencies.
All orders above this limit should be placed with the
Workshops, Rubber Factory and Central Prison; and
< iii) The supply of furniture or other articles in the Devicolam
Revenue Division may be arranged locally or otherwise as
considered best by the authorities concerned.
2. The Chief Engineer, Roads, Buildings and Irrigation, Travancore.
the Director of Industries and the Superintendent, Centra! Prison have
instructions to fix the types and sizes as also the prices of the articles to be
manufactured in the Workshops, the Rubber Factory and the Central
Prison respectively.

G. O. R. O. C. No. 2061136/Dev., dated the 11th December 1936.

With reference to your letter R. O. C. No. 10867/31, dated the

23rd August 1936, re : recovery ol arrears from the heirs of Padma-
nabha Pillai Krishna Pillai, deceased Chandiram, Vattakad P. D.
Devaswom, 1 have the honor to forward herewith copy of U. O.
No. 3128, dated the 31 st October 1936, from the Head Sirkar Vakil on
the subject and to inform you that Goveanment agree with the Head
Sirkar Vakil’s view that the arrears cannot be realised from the heirs of
the deceased.
[Enclosure.]
Letter U. O. No. 3128 dated 31-10-36.
From the Head Sirkar Vakil,
Trivandrum,
The question, is whether under the provisions of the Public Ac¬
countants Regulation (Regulation III of 1080) the heirs ol a deceased
 520

Public Accountant can be proceeded against for the recovery of amounts

due from such accountant.
The question does not appear to have come up for consideration
before the Courts of law. The Indian Act corresponding to our Regu¬
lation is the Public Accountant’s Default Act XII of 1850. The
Digests do not show any decision bearing on the point under considera¬
tion. The matter has therefore to be decided without the aid ol prece¬
dents.
Before action is taken to effect recovery under the Regulation, a
condition precedent is that a notice of demand should be served on tbe
Public Accountant. If be does not satisfy the demand, but appears and
objects, the Division Peishkar should enquire into the objection and
record a decision. It is after the decision that the Peishkar has to take
proceedings to realise the dues.
The Regulation does not say anywhere that the notice may be
served on a deceased accountant’s heirs, and their objections heard and
decided. To a certain extent it may be said that there is a legal re¬
presentation of the deceased Public Accountant in bis heirs. And it is
only the estate of the deceased that will be, and can be, proceeded
against for tbe recovery of the dues. This argument however does not
appear to be quite sound, Supposing tbe estate has been taken by tbe
heirs and dealt with, either in discharge of binding liabilities or for pur¬
poses of the heirs themselves it will not be open to the Revenue
authorities to decide whether there has been an improper conversion
and whether and to what extent the dealings would be justifiable or not.
The questions involved would be too complicated and the Civil Courts
alone will be competent to say how far the heirs in any instance are
liable to pay the debts of the deceased. Matters like this are provided
for in the Civil Procedure Code (Section 45 British India S. 52). The
Regulation does not confer on the Division Peishkar or any other
Revenue authorities a power to investigate the claims of people who
might have purchased from the heirs the estate-of the deceased Public
Accountant, nor does it confer a power to examine the heirs’ dealings
. with such estate. Jn the absence of such a power the Division Peishkar
will be unable to effect any recovery, even if he finds that the claim
against the Public Accountant is good. In the Bombay Revenue Code
it is expressly stated “The heirs of a deceasd Officer shall be liable by
suit in the Civil Court for any claims which Government may have
against the deceased, in the same way as they would be for similar claims
made by an individual (Sec. 29 Para 2)'\ This is an express enuncia¬
tion of what appears to be the correct procedure.
 521

Government Circular R. Dis. No. 40 of 37/Genl. dated 7-1-37.

It has come to the notice of Government that there are now no

rules regarding the kind of matter which Heads of Departments are
competent to send to the Government press for publication in the
Gazette and that Government have to rely mainly on the discretion of
the Officers for taking their previous sanction when anything beyond the
ordinary is sent for publication. Heads of Departments are hereby in¬
formed that the responsibility for any publication rests primarily with
them and that care should be taken that notices which in any way tend
to embarrass the Government or commit them on religious or political
matters should not be published in the Gazette without the previous
approval ol Government.

Proceedings of the Government of His Highness the Maha Raja

of Travancore;
Read :—
f. Letter R. O. C. No. 430/1 f 1/P. R., dated the 13th July 1936,
from the Devaswom Commissioner, regarding the need for a Depart¬
mental Test for the Sub Group Officers in the Devaswom Department,
2. Letter R. O. C. No. 1718136IDev., dated 17th August 1936, to
the Secretary, Board of Examiners, Revenue, Account, Excise, Regis¬
tration and Forest Test Examinations, Trivandrum.
3. Letter No. 417, dated 19th August 1936, from Do. Do.
4. Docket 0. No. 1718)361 Dev., dated the 12th September 1936, to
the Financial Secretary to Government.
5. Financial Note No. FI. 4001, dated the 21 st September 1936.
. 6. Letter R. O.C. No. 1718!36IDev., dated the 1st October 1936,
to the Devaswom Commissioner.
7. Letter No. 311112/P. R„ dated the 7th October 1936 from the
Devaswom Commissioner.

Order R. Dis. No. 40/37/Dev., Dated Trivandrum

1TTii January 1937.
These papers relate to the desirability of holding a Test to examine
the knowledge of Srikariams, Chandirams, and other Subordinate officers
in the Devaswom Department paid out of the Devaswom Fund in matters
ccnhec-ed with the administration of Devaswoms and other religious
institutions under the control-of the Devaswom Department. A Test
of the'kind is highly necessary in the interests of efficiency. Almost
every other Department of the State has its own special Test. But m
the absence of an authorised publication codifying the Devaswom Rules,
Regulations and Standing Orders of the Department, it has not yet been
 522
possible to institute a similar Test so far as the Devaswom Departmen*
is concerned. Now that the Sub-group Officers’ Manual has been
published, supplying a long felt want, the Devaswom Commissioner
proposes the institution of a Departmental Test for the Sub-group
Officers, confining its scope to the subordina e officers in the Department
who are actually in service or who have acted in the Department before
and are awaiting their chances for re-employment. He proposes to
conduct it as a Departmental Test, under his control and in accordance
with the rules framed by him and appended to this order. He has also
made the following further proposals in regard to the Test:
(a The Examination shall be conducted half yearly in Malayalam
and a fee of Rs. 2 shall be collected from each candidate for the Test.
(b) The candidates shall sit for two papers, one relating to the
Rules, Regulations and Standing Orders of the Department and the
other relating to Devaswom Accounts.
(c) The Examination shall be held at the four District Centres;
Suchindram, Trivandrum, Ambalapuzha and Vaikom under the super¬
vision of the respective Assistant Devaswom Commissioners! who shall
serve as Chief Superintendents at the different centres wiih the help of an
Assistant Superintendent, one clerk and one peon at the following rates
of remuneration :—
Chief Superintendent Rs 3
Assistant Superintendent Re. 1
Clerk Chs. 14
Peon Chs. 7
(d) The question papers shall be set by two officers who have
served as Assistant Commissioners, to be selected by the Devaswom
Commissioner. The fee for setting a question paper shall not exceed
Rs; 25 and that for valuing the answer paper shall not exceed 7 Chuc-
krams per paper.
(e) A clerk, typist and peon in .the Devaswom Commissioner’s
office will be given consolidated allowances not exceeding Rs. 48, Rs. 24
and Rs. 12 per annum respectively for extra work in connection with
the examination.
; 2. Government approve the proposals of the Devaswom Commis¬
sioner as also the rules sent up by him subject to the following condi-

(I) That the fees for the setting of question papers and the valuing
of answers, the rates of remuneration for superintendance ahd the remu¬
neration for extra work to the Staff of the Devaswom Commissioner’*
Office shall be so fixed as not to exceed the receipts under examination
fees; and
 523
(2) That the receipts for the examinations shall be credited to the
Devaswom Fund under a new head “ Sub-Group Officers Test Ex¬
aminations ” and the expenditure met from the Fund and debited to a
similar head under Expenditure,
(By order)
N. KunjakPillai,
Chief Secretary to Government
To
The Devaswom Commissioner,
The Financial Secretary to Government,
The Account Officer through the Financial Secretary to
. Government
The Gazette.
[ENCLOSURE,]
Rules for the Tracancw Dscaswom Sub Group Officers
Test Examination.
1, An Examination known as the “ Travancore Devaswom Sub
Group Officers’ Test Examination ” shall be held in Malayalam not
more than twice a year on such dates and at such places as may from
time to time, be notified by the Devaswom Commissioner in the Govern¬
ment Gazette.
2. This Examination is instituted for the purpose of making the
Devaswom Fund employees conversant with the Rules and Standing
Orders of the department.
3. The Examination shall be conducted under the control of the
Devaswom Commissioner subject to these Rules.
4. The Examination shall be open to all persons who hold or have
held appointments in the Devaswom Department whether permanent or
acting and shall be compulsory in the case of all Devaswom Fund Officers
mentioned in the schedule.
5. The Devaswom Fund employees who are already in permanent
service on the date on which these rules take effect viz-, 1st Makarom
1112 shall pass the examination within one year thereafter, which period
may, in special cases, be extended by the Devaswom Commissioner on
the recommendation of the Assis'ant Devaswom Commissioners, to not
more than two further chances being given. Failure to pass the Exami¬
nation will be a bar to get increments in their scales, and to farther
promotions in the Devaswom Fund service. Those who are only acting
in the Devaswom Fund Establishment w.ll be confirmed only on passing
this examination, and those acting hands who do not pass the examina¬
tion within 3 chances will not be provided lor in the Department.
6. The subjects arid scope of the Examination shall be the Devaswom
Accounts and Rules and Standing Orders of the Devaswom Department
 524:

contained in the “Travancore Devaswom Sub-Group Officers Manual ,

and such Other matters connected with Devaswom administration as may
be prescribed by the Devaswom Commissioner from time to time.
7. Candidates are expected to be acquainted with all the modifica¬
tions, amendments and corrections issued to the Sub Group Manual from
time to time.
8. The Examinations which shall be by means of printed question
papers shall be conducted in Malayalam. The use of books will be
allowed in answering the question papers,
9. The question papers to be set for the examination on the subjects
noted in paragraph 6, the time allowed for answering each paper, and
the maximum marks assigned for each shall be as shown below :—
Subjects. Time allowed. Maximum mar\s
i. Rules, Regulations and Standing
orders of the Devaswom Dept. 3 hours 100
ii. Devaswom Accounts 3 hours 100
10. Candidates who get 40 per cent, or more of the marks in each
paper shall be declared to have passed the Examination. Those who
get 60 per cent, or more of the aggregate number of marks shall be placed
in the First Class and the others in the 2nd Class.
11. The names of all the successful candidates shall be published by
die Devaswom Commissioner in the Government Gazette. Those who
pass in the First Class shall have their names arranged in the order of
proficiency.
12. To every successful candidate shall be given a certificate signed
by the Devaswom Commissioner, specifying the Class in which he has
been placed.
13. Applications for admission to the Examination shall be made on
Printed forms to be had at the Group, District and Devaswom Com¬
missioner’s Offices. These applications should reach the Devaswom
Commissioner duly countersigned by the immediate superior who ii a
Gazetted Officer on or beforesuch date as may be notified m the Gazette
14. A fee of S. Rs. (2) two shall be paid by each candidate for
admission to the Examination and it shall be remitted into any Govern¬
ment Treasury under the head “Sub Group Officers’ Test Examination’
and the Treasury receipt for the same attached to the application for
admission to the Examination.
S chedule.
1. Sreekariams.
2. Chandirams.
3. Store-keepers.
4. Treasurers.
5. Accountants.
 523

CHAPTER x;:.
PERIODICAL RETURNS.
G. O.D. Dis. No. 743I30IP.W. dated the 28th May 1930.

I have the honour to inform you that many interpellations have been
received in every session of the Legislative Council asking for particulars
of the castes and sub-caste3 to which the officers and their subordinates
in the several departments belong. The information is not now readily
available. In the circumstances, Government think it desirable that the
Heads of Departments and Offices may for easy reference and for sup¬
plying Government with prompt information on such interpellations col¬
late and keep ready in a separate register particulars regarding the castes
and sub-castes to which officers subordinate to them, both gazetted and
non-gazetted belong. You may arrange for such a register being opened
and maintained in respect of your department.
District
Office or institution ■
Superior Service.
Number of employees
•Inferior do.

Total.
Date of
No. Name, Designatioi Pay.j appoint¬ Remarks.
ment.

Total number of Brahmins.

Nairs.
Vellalas...
Other castes..
(each to be named separately.)
Signature of officer,

CHAPTER XXI. .
destruction of records.
G. O. Dis. No. 39/35!Dev. dated ihe 10th January 1935.

With reference to the correspondence ending with your letter

R.O. C. No. 14346/33, dated the 29;h September 1934, I have the
honour to inform you that in the circumstances stated Government sanc¬
tion the rules for the destruction and preservation of records in your
department forwarded with your letter C. No. 14346/33,dated 31-10-33
being passed with the Schedules 5 A and B revised on the lines in your-
letter under reference.
* The eohedulea duly modified are appended to Chapter XXI of th« DevMWom
,
Manual Vol, I, Tart 1
 526

REGULATIONS AND PROCLAMATIONS,

Regulation V of 1063,
(/is amended by Regulations V of 1099 and IV of 1105),
REVENUE SUMMONS REGULATION.

Contents.
Preamble.
Sections.
1. (1) Revenue Officers empowered to summon persons to
appear or produce documents.
(2; When personal attendance dispensed with,
2. Summons.
3. Persons summoned to produce documents need not attend
personally.
4. Service of summons.
5. Penalty for disobedience.
'Remission of fine.
6. Reasons for imposing and remitting fine to be recorded.
7. Appeal.
8. Its disposal.
9. Revision of proceedings.
10. Government may invest other officers.
11. “ Division Peishkar ",
“ Tahsildar
12. Commencement.

A Regulation to empower certain Revenue Officers to summon

persons to attend at their Cutcherries. or to produce documents in con¬
nection with matters relating to Revenue Administration.
Passed by His Highness the Maha Raja of Travancore ,under
date the 1 Oih April 1888 corresponding with the 30th Meenom 1063.
Whereas it is found expedient, with a view to facilitate the dis¬
posal of matters connected with Revenue adminis-
Presmbk. tration, to empower cer ain Revenue Officers to
issue summonses for the attendance of persons or
the production of documents relating to matters of Revenue ; it is here¬
by enacted as follows : —
1. [(1) The Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner, Divi¬
sion Peishkars and Tahsildars shall have power to
EeTenue officers era- summon any person whose attendance may appear
persons'1 to^mpesr"or t0 ’^em to necessary in connection with any
produce documents. revenue matter which it is their duty to investigate
or dispose of, and also to require the production of
any document relevant to such matter which may be in the possession of
under the control of such person :
Provided that a Division Peishkar or a Tahsildar shall not have
such power except in regard to persons who ordinarily reside within the
local area of his jurisdiction ;
Provided further that no witness shall be compelled to appear
before the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner in person to
give evidence,—
(i) if he resides beyond fifty miles, or
(ii) where there is a railway communication to three-fourths of
the distance, if he resides beyond one hundred and twenty-five miles,
from the place to which he is summoned.
(iil) Subject to the Rules framed by Government liu this behalf
any person summoned under this Regulation shall be entitled to his tra¬
velling and other expenses.
(2) When the person whose evidence may be required is unable
from sickness, infirmity or other sufficient cause to
dance dis'p-^sed with'
attend before the Officer issuing the summons, or is
a person whom by reason of rank or sex it may
not be proper to summon, tlie Officer issuing the summons may, of his
own motion or on the application of the party whose evidence is de¬
sired, dispense with the appearances of such person and order him to
be examined by a subordidate deputed by such Officer for the
purpose,] (a)

2. Such summons shall be in writing and authenticated by the

signa'ure and seal of the Officer by whom it is
Summons. issued; and it shall specify the time and place at
which the person summoned is required to attend
and whether his attendance is required for the purpose of giving evi¬
dence or to produce a document or both; and any particular document
the production of which is required shall be described in the summons
with reasonable accuracy.
3. Any person summoned merely to produce a document shall he
deemed to have complied with the summons if he
Persons summoned causes such document to 'be produced instead of
need"notUaUeQd'lper8o-
attending personally to produce the same.
n»'ly. -

(a) Substituted by Regulation V of 1099.

 528

4. The summons shall be served by delivering a copy thereof to

the person summoned or to h.s authorised agent or
Senioo of Sura- to 60me a[ju[t ma|e member of his family residing
m°m' with him who shall be required to sign an ack¬
nowledgment of service endorsed on the original summons. If the
person summoned cannot be found and there is no other person on
whom the service can be made, the serving Officer shall affix a copy of.
the summons on the outer door of the house in which the person sum¬
moned ordinarily resides and return the original with an endorsement
attested by two respectable witnesses stating' that he has so affixed a
copy and the circumstances under which he did so.
5. [(1) If any person who has been duly summoned to attend or
produce a document refuses or fails to attend and
dvn6"alty f°r di80be"does not show satisfactory reasons for so doing,
the Officer who issued the summons may impose
on such person a line not exceeding fifty Rupees ;
Provided that it shall be competent to the Officer who imposed
the fine to remit it in whole or in part or to cancel
B*misiion of fines, his order on • sufficient cause being shown within
thirty days from the date of the order.
(2) Such fine may he levied by warrant under the hand of the
Officer imposing it in the same manner as a line imposed by a Criminal
. Court. j(a
6. The Officer imposing a fine under the last preceding Section
shall record a proceeding clearly" setting forth the
Hesaons for impos- grounds of his order ; and a notice containing the
t(j£b* recordedlnS £lne8Ut>stance of the order shall be served on the person
affected by it. The service of the notice shall be
made in the manner hereinbefore prescribed for the service of summons.
If the fine is remitted in whole or in part or the order imposing it be
cancelled> a proceeding stating the reason for so doing shall likewise be
recorded.
7. (1) [Any person aggrieved by an order passed against him<
either in the first instance or in appeal, may appeal
•Appeal. to the Officer to whom the Officer passing the
order is immediately subordinate, within thirty days
from the date of service of the notice referred to in Section 6.
(2) For the purposes of sub section <I) Our Government may
declare who the officer is to whom, the officer passing the order is im¬
mediate-subordinate, and in the absence of any such declaration as
(») Substituted by Begulation V of 1099- ~ '
 529

amongst Tahsildar, the Division Peishkar and the Land Revenue and
Income Tax Commissioner, the Tahsildar shall be deemed to be im¬
mediately subordinate to the Division Peishkar and the Division Peish¬
kar to the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner.] (a)
8. On presentation of the appeal, the appellate authority may, if he
deems fit, stav execution of the order appealed
its disposal. against, and shall, after examining the records and
hearing the appellant or his agent and after taking
such further evidence and making such enquiry as may be necessary,
confirm, alter or reverse such order.
9. The Dewan shall have power to revise the proceedings of all
subordinate Officers under this Regulation. He
ceedu™s°n tf 1ro" may a^s0 ma^e an<^ *ssue feneraf Rules for the con¬
duct of the subordinate Officers in regard to matters
dealt with in this Regulation.
[10. It shall be lawful for Our Government, by Notification in
Our Official Gazette, to invest any Revenue Offi-
stUoSe'nofficMs5 'n" ccrs> 0t^er ^an l^0se name£f *n Section I, with all
or any of the powers conferred by this Regulation.
Explanation : The provisions of Section 7 apply as regards the
appellate authority in respect of the appeals against the orders of such
officers.] (b)
11. ‘‘ Division Peishkar ” means and includes the Dewan Peishkar
‘Division Peiridcar.” or other Officer in charge of a Division-
“Tahsildar" includes any Officer who is temporarily placed in
“Tahsildar.” charge of a Taluk.
12. This Regulation shall come into force on the 1 st Chittrai
Cormne—t. 1063. ______
(a) Substituted by ftegulation V of 1039 and ,1V of 1105.
lb) Amended by Regulation IV of 1105.
 REGULATION I OF 1068. *

Revenue Recovery Regulation.

Contents.
Preamble.
S ections.
1. Definitions.
Interpretation of terms.
2. Security for the public revenue.
3. Revenue to be paid to the Proverthicar, the Village Ac¬
countant or to the Tahsildar in time.
4. Interest on arrears of revenue.
5. Process of recovering arrears of revenue.
6. [Repealed by Regulation X of 1097.]
7. Rules for seizure and sale of movable property.
8. Procedure when the distrainer is other than the Tahsildar.
9. Sale of property distrained.
10. Officer to conduct the sale.
11. Manner of sale.
12. Payment of the purchase money.
Re-sale.
13. Procedure where defaulter tenders payment of the arrear
after distraint but before the sale of his property.
14. Sale or disposal otherwise of crops when distrained.
Tenant may pay arrears or terminate attachment.
15. Distrained cattle or goods not to be used.
16. Officers responsible- on neglect. _
17. Distress levied not to be excessive.
Exceptions as to distress.
18. Time of distress.
19. Claims to property distrained and sold.
. Revenue to be the first charge.
20. What places distrainer may enter or force open and enter.
21. Procedure where property is lodged within apartments
appropriated to1 women.
22. Punishment for entry into such apartments.
23. Notice to state value of revenue in kind.
23 A. Demand to be served prior to the attachment of immovable
property.
23 B. Procedure where defaulter neglects to pay.
■ended by Regulation III of 1087,
, „ VIII of 1094,
 531

24. Attachment o( immovable property.

25. Management of property attached.
Appointment of an agent.
26. Notice of assumption of management.
27. Agent to collect rents and profits.
Agent to render accounts.
28. Surplus to go to the defaulter.
29- Effect of existing agreements between the land-holder and tenant.
30. Release of attachment when objected to by any other than the
defaulter.
31. Persons interested in the land may obtain release from attachment
32. Rules to be observed in the sale of immovable property.
33. Sale may be stayed on tendering payment of arrears and costs.
33 A. Application to set aside sale of immovable property on deposit.
34- Sale by the Tahsildar to be reported to the Division Peishkar.
35. Name and title of such purchaser to be published.
36. Such purchaser to be put in possession by Civil Court if
necessary.
37. Certificates of sale to be registered.
38. Contracts of existing tenants to hold good with purchaser also,
39. Revenue officials not responsible for incumbrances on the
lands sold.
40. Defaulter entitled to recover arrears of rent due on day of sale.
41. Lands sold to be proportionate to arrears due.
42. Apportionment of assessment when part only of a single
property is sold.
43. Security before postponement of sale.
44. Postponement of sale.
45. Sureties liable for the arrears as well as the principals.
46. Batta to persons serving processes.
47. Who to bear expense of countermanded sale.
48. Procedure when a defaulter or his surety resides or holds
property in another taluk.
49. When and. how salaries and debts of defaulters may be attached
50. Dewan’s powers of revision and delegation of such powers.
5L Saving of rights to sue.
Limitation.
52. Questions as to rate or amount of assessment not to be considered
by a Civil Court.
53. Judgment-creditor of the defaulter may pay arrears.
54. Punishment for the removal of distrained property.
55. Liability of the agent to suit or prosecution.
56. Private alienation of the attached property void.
57. Payments by tenants of the lands whose management is assumed,
58. Investiture of powers.
 532

59. The provisions of the Regulation applicable to the recovery of

certain arrears of revenue and advances other than land-
revenue.
60. Who shall not bid at revenue sales.
61. Commencement.
A Regulation to provide for the recovery of arrears
of Public Revenue in Travancore, passed by
His Highness the Maha Raja of Travancore.
On the 19th January 1893 corresponding with the 8thlMakaram 1068
Whereas it is necessary to define the procedure for the realization
of the Public Revenue, We are pleased to enact
Preamble. as follows;—

Section 1. For the purpose of this Regulation the following

terms shall have the several meanings herein-
Intcrpr under assigned to them:—

(a) The term “Public Revenue due on land’’ shall include the
assessment in kind or money charged on lands and
Public Revenue duo payable to the Government or Sreepandaravagai,
on land* and all fees and cesses, whether in kind or money,
which whether charged on land or not, are recovered as assessment

Explanation. Pattams due on Kandukrishi and Sreepadom lands are

with in the meaning of this definition,
(b) An ‘‘Arrear of Public Revenue’’ due on land is the whole or
any portion of any kist or instalment of such
Anoar of Public Revenue not paid on the day on which it falls due
Revenue. according to the kistbundi or any engagement or

(c) The ‘Land-holder’ [means the registered holder for the

time being of any land, and includes his legal
Lund-hokler, representative.] (a)

Section 2. The land, the buildings upon it and its products

. , shall be regarded as security for the Public Re-
0 Revenue, venue on such land.

*Section 3. Subject to such rules as Our Dewan may prescribe

from time to time, every land-holder shall pay
Bev enue^t° be pend to the Proverthicar, Village Accountant or
to the Taballdar ir^tinio. Ac Tahsildar or any other officer whom the Land
Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner may
(a) Substituted by Regulation VIII of
* As amended by Regulations VIII c 1094 and II of 1099.
 533

authorise in that behalf by Notification in the Government Gazette the

Reveune due from him on or before the day fixed for payment and the
payer shall be entitled to a receipt signed by the Proverthicar, Village
Accountant or Tahsildar or such other officer as aforesaid as the case
may be, for the payment so made.
Section 4. Arrears of Public Revenue due on land shall bear
interest at the rate of six per cent per annum
interst on arrc&rs of whenever interest is chargeable upon such
Relrenuo' arrears.
Section 5. When Public Revenue due on land may be in
arrear, such arrear, together with interest, if any.
Process of recover- ancJ costs of process, may be recovered by the sale
nig arrears of revenno. ^ Jefaulter’s movable or immovable property
or both, in the manner hereinafter provided.
Section 6. [repealed by Regulation X of 1097J.
Section 7. In the seizure and sale of movable property for
arrears of Public Reuenue due on land, the
Rule for seizure and following rules shall be observed: —

4Clause /. (i) The Tahsildar may distrain; the property of a

defaulter either in person or by the Proverthicar or any other person
specially authorised by the Division Peishkar for that purpose.
(ii) Before making the distraint the Tahsildar shall prepare, and,
if need be, shall furnish to the person employed to distrain the property
of a defaulter, a demand in writing signed by him, specifying the name of
the defaulter, the amount of die arrear and the date on which the
arrear fell due. A copy of such writing shall be served on the
defaulter in the manner prescribed in the Code of Civil Procedure for
serving summonses on defendants.
(iii) If the arrear together with the batta due under Section 46
be not paid within the time fixed in the demand, such time being not
less than seven days from the date of service of the demand, the
Tahsildar or other person may on the authority of the demand in
writing referred to in sub-clause (ii), proceed to make the distraint,
provided that, if the defaulter prefers a petition in writing to the
Tahsildar, objecting to the payment of the arrear wholly or in part,
the Tahsildar may, in his discretion, stay the making of the distraint on
such terms as to security or otherwise as he thinks fit and shall inquire
into the objection and record a decision.

*As amondad by Regulatiou X oi 1097.

 534

Clause 2. The distraint shall, as far as passible, be conducted

in the presence of two Thadasthars who shall be required to attest the
list or the inventory of the property distrained.
Clause 3. On the day on which the property may be distrained,
the Tahsildar or other person making the distress shall deliver to the
defaulter a list or inventory of the property distrained, endorsing thereon
the name of the place where it may be lodged or kept.
Clause 4. The endorsement shall further set forth that the
distrained property will be brought to public sale unless the amount,
with interest and all the expenses of the distress, be [previously dis¬
charged.] (a)
Clause 5. When a defaulter may be absent, a copy of the
list with the endorsement shall be left with some adult male
member of his family living with him, or fixed at his usual place
of residence or on the premises where the property may have been
distrained, immediately after the distress.
Section 8. When the distrainer is other than the Tahsildar
he shall transmit to the Tahsildar a copy of the
4istraimfrlir8irheothw ’nventory °f the (property distrained within 48
than the Tahsildar. hours from the time of distraint.
Section 9. The Tahsildar shall thereupon cause to be affixed to
the outer door of the defaulter’s house or on the
distrained4 !"'operty
premises where the property may have been distra¬
ined, a list of the property to be sold, with a notice
under his signature specifying the place where, and the day and hour at
which, the distrained property will be sold, and shall cause proclamation
of the intended sale to be made by beat of tom-tom in the village to
which the lands on which the arrear has accrued may belong and in
such place or places as the Tahsildar may consider necessary to give
due publicity to the sale. No sale shall take place until; after the ex¬
piration of a period of 15 days from the date on which the notice may
be affixed, but perishable articles which will not keep for 15 days may
be sold at any time after the affixing of the notice.
Section 10. The Tahsildar may conduct the sale either in person
or through the Proverthicar acting under his written
thesriT t0 con<J'101 authority or through an officer appointed by the
Division Peishkar and authorised by him in writing
for the purpose.
Section 11. At the appointed time, the property shall be put up
in one or more lots, as the officer conducting the
Manner of sale. sale may consider advisable, and shall be disposed
of to the highest bidder. Where the property may
(a) Amended by Regulation X of 1097-
 535

sell for more than the amount of the arrear, the overplus, after deducting
interest and expenses of process, shall be paid to the defaulter.
Section 12. The property shall be paid for in ready money at
the time of sale and the purchaser shall not be per-
Paymeot of the pur- rnitted to carry away any part of the property until
chase money. he has paid for the same in full, Where the pur-
Ke-salo. chaser may fail in the payment of the purchase
money, the property shall be resold at once and the
defaulting purchaser shall be liable for any loss arising from, as well as
the expenses incurred on, the resale. Where the property may, on the
second sale, sell for a higher price than at the first sale, the difference or
increase shall be the property of him on whose account the said first
sale was made.
Section 13. Where a defaulter may tender payment of the arrear
demanded, after his property may have been dis¬
trained, and before sunset on the day preceding the
day fixed for the sale, together with the interest
and all necessary expenses of distress, the distrainer
shall receive the amount immediately, grant a receipt
for the same and forthwith release the property.
Section 14. The distrainer attaching the crops or ungathered
products of the land belonging to a defaulter may
Sale _ or disposal cause them to be sold when fit for reaping or
whendlstrainot] °r°PS gathering, or, at his option, may cause them to be
reaped or gathered in due season and stored in
Tenant may pay proper places until sold. In the latter case, the
attachment ter“10ate expense of reaping or gathering and storing such
crops or products shall be defrayed by the owner
upon his redeeming the property or from the proceeds of the sale in the
event of its being sold. When crops or products belonging to a tenant
shall have been sold, it shall be lawful for such tenant to deduct the value
of the crops or products so sold from any rent which may be due by
him then or afterwards to the defaulter in respect of the land on which
such crops or products have been grown. It shall also be lawful for a
tenant, whose crops are attached for an arrear of revenue, to pay the
arrear with interest, if any, and costs of process, and deduct the amount
in the aforesaid manner from any rent due by him then or afterwards.
Section 15. The distrainer shall not work the bullocks or cattle
or make use of the goods or effects distrained ; he
goodf noUo bTusod* Provide the necessary food for the cattle or
livestock and the feeding expenses shall be defrayed
by the owner upon his redeeming the property or from the proceeds of
the sale in the event of its being sold.
 536

Section 16. Where property distrained may be stolen or lost or

damaged by reason of the necessary precautions
[Officera responsible jor jue prcservaiion not having been taken or
on neg ect. from jfs having been worked or made use of, the
amount of such loss or damage shall be recoverable by process under
this Regulation by the Division Peishkar from the officer whose neglect
or act occasioned the loss or damage, and the amount, when recovered,
shall be paid to the person damnified.
Section 17. The distress levied shall not be excessive, that is
to say, the property distrained shall be, as nearly
DistreM levied nota3 possible, proportionate to the amount of the
arrears ; and it shall not include,
(a) the ordinary wearing apparel of the defaulter and his
Exoeption as to fam^y ! and
distress. * (A) his implements of husbandry and ploughing

Section 18. Distress shall be made after sunrise and before

Time of distress. sunset and not otherwise.

Section 19. When any person, not being a defaulter of respon"

sible for a defaulter, may claim a right to or any
diatraiMd mdPsdd0rty interest in, the property distrained ana the distrainer
may, notwithstanding, cause the same, to be sold,
such claimant shall recover from the distrainer in a Court of law reason¬
able compensation for the loss sustained by the sale.
first^ohar^0 be'tlle But claims to crops upon the ground, or gathered
products of the ground attached, which may be in
the possession of the defaulter, whether founde d upon a previous sale,
mortgage or otherwise, shall not bar the prior claim of revenue due
from the ground upon which crops or product may have been grown.

Section 20. It shall be lawful for the distrainer to enter, or if

necessary, to force open and enter, any dwelling-
What places distra¬ house, cow-house, granary, godown, out-houses or
iner may enter or other building and he may also break open the door
force open and enter.
of any room in such dwelling-house for the purpose
of attaching property belonging to a defaulter and lodged therein:

Provided that it shall not be lawful for the distrainer to enter any
dwelling-house of to attach any pfoperty or to put his seal to any doof
or place or break open or enter any apartments, in any dwelling-house,
appropriated to women, which, by the usage of the country, are consi¬
dered private, except as hereinafter provided,
 337

Section 21. Where a disTainer may have reason to suppose

that the property of a defaulter is lodged wi'hin any
Procedure -where apartments appropriated to women, which by the
withia sper'tmeata ep1? usage °f ‘he country, are considered private, he
propriated to women. shall, before entering such apartments, give notice,
in the presence of Thadasiars, for the removal o(
the women from them, and furnish means for their removal in a suitable
manner, if they be women of rank or who, according to the custom of
the country, cannot appear in public, and shall also immediately remove
from such apartments any property belonging to the defaulter found
therein, and leave them free to the former occupants.
Section 22. Persons entering the apartments of women contrary
to the provisions of this Regulation shall, on con-
ontry'into'sucb a port- v‘ct‘on before a Magistrate, be liable to a fine not
meats. exceeding 50 Rupees, or to simple imprisonment for
any period not exceeding one month.
^Section 23. In the demand issued under Section 7 & 23 A
with reference to the revenue payable in kind,
ofNrsvenut° intind*'Ue wholly °r “ part, i‘« value in money shall be stated
as the amount of revenue due on the land.
[23 A. (I) Before proceeding to attach the immovable property
of a defaulter, a written demand signed by the
Tahsildar shall be served on the defaulter, speci¬
fying the amount of revenue due with interest, the
property. land in respect of which it is claimed, and the date
when it fell due, the batta due to the person who
shall 'serve the demand and the time allowed for the payment.
(2) Such demand shall be served on the'defaulter in the manner
prescribed in the Code of Civil Procedure for serving summonses on
defendants.
(3) If within the time prescribed under sub-section tl), the
defaulter objects to the claim of arrears wholly or in part, the Tahsildar
shall inquire into the objection and record a decision before proceeding,
to attachment.
23 B. When the amount due shall not have been paid pursuant
to the terms of the demand, and no arrangement
Procedure when da. for securing the same shall have been entered in,
faultor neglects to to the satisfaction of the Tahsildar or other officer
t,ay' empowered in this behalf by the Division Peishkar,
the immovable property of the defaulter may be attached and sold in the
following manner-] (b)
* Amended by Regulation X of 1097.
(4) Inserted by Regulation X ot 1097.
 538
Section 24. The attachment of immovable property shall be
effected by affixing a notice thereof to some con-
' Att*ohra‘,lt of ™’ spicuous part of the land or building to be attached,
nlov8 e propM y' by the Tahsildar in person or through the Prover-
thicar acting under hit. written authority or through any ofVr. official
appointed Ly the Division Peishkar avid audir-rised by him a writing for
the purpose. The notice shall spe,. fv !he amount a, ev nue with
interest, the land on which and .he date from which it is du , and the
.party in arrear; and shall set frrthe that unless the arre ir, with interest
and expenses, be paid within the date therein mentioned, the land or
building concerned will be brought to sale in due course of law. The
notice of attachment shall be affixed in some conspicuous part of the
Taluk and Proverthi Cutcherries and shall also be published by beat of
tom tom on the immovable property attached. The publication shall
«Lso be reported to the Division Peishkar.
Section 25. It shall be lawful for the Division Peishkar, with
_ ', the previous [sanction of the Land Revenue and
pertyattaXid!.0*Pr°”
Income Tax Commissioner] (a) at any time during
attachment, to assume the management of the im¬
movable .property attached.
In such cases he shall appoint an agent, with a proper establish¬
ment of officers, to manage the property, and shall
%geniPt'lntmel' °f a° S*ve a§ent a certificate of appointment with
written instructions under his seal and signature,
and the expenses of management shall be defrayed out of the income of
.the property; provided always that, where property may be too incon¬
siderable . to admit of its being charged with the salary of an agent, it
-shall be committed to the the care of such Revenue officer as the Division
Peishkar may select, who shall be subject to all the provisions herein
contained in reference to agents.
Section 26. Notice of assumption of management shall forthwith
be served on the defaulter in the manner described
™ [Section 23 A, Sub-section (2)] (b) and shall
be notified by public proclamation on the property
and by publication in the Government Gazette.
Section 27. It shall be the duty of the agent, during the con¬
tinuance of the management under Section 25, to
rentflnd pro fit?601collect the rents and profits due, or accruing due,
upon the estate, according to the engagements sub-
• sistmg between the defaulter and the parties holding under him, or
according to established usage where no specific engagements exist.
(a) As amended by .Regulation II of 1099.
(ft) Amended by Regulation % of 1097*
 539

The agent shall keep accounts of all his receipts and disbursements
and submit the same and pay over the balance to
counts”*t0 r™der aC" fhe Division Peishkar of other officer empowered
by the Division Peishkar in that behalf, whenever
required, and the deafulter shall be at liberty to inspect the accounts at
all reasonable times and to take copies of the same at his own expense
without fee.
Section 28. All sums received from the property attached after
paying the expenses of attachment and management,
de^&uKer?S° thB shall be carried to the credit of the defaulter in
discharge of the arrears due and interest thereon,
and as soon as all arrears, interest, costs of attachment and expense of
management shall have been liquidated, the attachment shall be with¬
drawn and a full account rendered of all receipts and disbursements
during its continuance.
Section 29. All engagements entered into between the land¬
holder and his tenants shall be binding upon the
BfEect of existingGovernment during attachment, but if the Tahsildar
the^Tandholder^and hnds that any engagements have been made coilu-
tenaut. . sively with a view to defeat or delay the effect of
the attachment, or that engagements have been
entered into subsequently to attachment he shall report such circumstances
to the Division Peishkar, who, if he finds reason, may declare all such
engagements null and void against the Government.
Section 30. If within 30 days from the date of attachment of
any immovable property, any objection is made by
Release of attach- any other than the defaulter to the attachment of
to°bj auy'other^than die whole or any portion of such property on the
tfe defaulter. ground that such property was not liable for the
arrear of revenue for which the attachment was
made, the Tahsildar shall enquire into such objection and report the
result of such enquiry to the Division Peishkar. The Division Peishkar
shall thereupon decide whether such property is liable to be attached
and, in case he finds the attachment untenable, he shall forthwith direct
the release of the attachment.
' Section 3h It shall he lawful for any person, claiming an
interest in land which has been or is about to be
Rerspna interestedattached, to obtain its release by paying the arrears-,
release*^attach- interest and costs incurred ; [and all such sums, if
ment- paid by a tenant may be deducted from any rent
then or afterwards due by him to the defaulter, [and;:
if paid by a boha fide mortgagee or other incumbrancer upon the estate
or by any person not being in possession thereof but bona fide claiming
 540

an interest therein adverse to the defaulter, shall be a charge upon the

land, but shall only take priority over other charges according to the
date at which the payment was made. Such sums when paid by a
bona fide mortgagee or other incumbrancer shall further constitute a
debt from the defaulter. J (a)
Section 32. In the sale of immovable property under this Re¬
gulation the following rules shall be observed :—
Rules to be observed

(1) [All such sales shall be conducted by the Tahsildar unless,

in any case, the [Land Revenue and Income Tax
Suoli ssteto be con-
Commissioner or the Division Peishkar] (c) may
d»r generally. “ ^ ’ deem it necessary that the sale should be conducted
by the Division Peishkar.] (i)
(2) Previous to the sale, the Tahsildar shall issue a notice
specilying the name of .the defaulter, the position,
Notice of sale- tenure and extent of land and the buildings therein;
The artioulara the amount of revenue assessed on the land or upon
thereof6 P61 ^ ” its different sections; the proportions of >the public
revenue due during the remainder of the current
Malabar year, and the time, place ana conditions of the sale.
This notice shall be posted, 30 days at least before the sale, in
the nearest Polic Station House, the Proverthicar’s
taontt^before sale ^ ant^ Taluk Cutcherries and on some conspicuous
part of the land or building as the case may be.
(3) The sale shall be by public auction to the highest bidder.

(4) A sum of money equal to 15 per cent, of the price of the

:. . land shall he deposited by the purchaser with the
meLtrf4 5 * * * 9baWoe. PBJ* officer conducting the sale at the time of the. pur¬
chase, and when the reminder of the purchase mohey
may not be paid within 30 days, the money deposited shall be liable to
forfeiture.
(5) Where the purchaser may irefuse or omit to deposit the
Procedure when the S{“^ SUm mone^ or to complete the payment of
part-Malteto ^alt the remaining purchase money, the property shall
the deposit or pay tho be re-sold after notice, as prescribed in Clause 3
balance of the pur- above, at the expense and hazard of such purchaser,
c a»e money. and the amount of all loss or expense which may
attend such refusal or omission shall be recoverable from suoh purchaser
(a) Amended by Regulation VIII of 1034.
' (6) Amended by Regulation X of 1097.
W ■ CO, II of 1099.- - • -
 541
in the same manner as arrears of public revenue; Where the lands may,
on the second sale, sell for a higher price than at the first scale, the
difference or increase shall be the property of him on whose account the
said first sale was made.
(6) All persons bidding at a sale may be required to state
whether they are bidding on their own behalf or as
Persons bidding on agents, and, in the latter case, to deposit a written
behalf °Wn °r 0t Cr S authority signed by their principals. If such re¬
quisition be not complied with, their bids may be
rejected.
Section 33. It shall be competent to the defaulter or to any
person acting on his behalf or claiming any interest
Sale may bo stayed in the land, to tender the full amount of the arrears
of arreai?andPoos7sent revenue> with the interest thereon and all charges
which have been incurred in demanding the arrears
or in attaching or managing the estate or in taking the steps necessary
lor sale, and thereupon the sale shall be stayed.
[Provided always that such tender must be made before the lot
is knocked down, and all sums paid under this or the next succeeding
Section by any tenant or bona fide mortgagee or other incumbrancer of
any person bona fide claiming an interest in the estate adverse to the
defaulter may be recovered in the manner provided in Section 31] (a);
[33 A. (1) Any person owning or claiming an interest in im¬
movable property sold under the Regulation may,
Application to set at any time within thirty days from the date of sale,
ble6 property'on0 de'deposit in the treasury of the taluk in which the
osit ‘immovable property is situated—

(fl) a sum equal to five per icentum of the purchase money; and
(b) a sum equal to the arrears of revenue for which the im¬
movable property was sold, together with interest thereon and the ex¬
penses of attachment, management and sale and other costs due in re¬
spect of such arrears, to be determined by the Tahsildar at the time of
sale ;
and may apply to the Division Peishkaf to set aside the sale.
(2) If such deposit and application are made within thirty days
from the date of sale, the Division Peishkar shall pass an order setting
aside the safe, and shall repay to the purchaser the purchase money so
far as it has been deposited, togther with the five [per centum deposited
by the applicant;] (fi) _•_^_
(a) Substituted by Regulation VIII of 1094.
(b) Added by Regulation VIII of 1064. .
 542

[Provided that, if more persons than one have made deposit and
application under this Section, the application of the first depositor to the
officer authorised to set aside the sale shall be accepted.
(3) If a person applies under Section 34 to set aside the sale of
immovable property, he shall not, unless he withdraws such application,
be entitled to make an application under this Section.] (a) .
Section 34. (1) Where a sale of immovable property has been
■ conducted by a Tahsildar, he shall, as soon as may
to reportedbe a^ter conclusion of the sale, report the result
Division Peiihkor. thereof to the Division Peishkar.
(2) At any time within thirty days from the date of such sale,
application may be made to the Division Peishkar to set aside the sale
on the ground of some material irregularity or mistake or fraud in pub¬
lishing or conducting it; but, except as otherwise hereinafter provided,
no sale shall be set aside on the ground of any such irregularity or mis¬
take unless [the applicant proves to the satisfaction of the Division
Peishkar that he has sustained substantial injury by reason thereof.
(3) If the application be allowed, the Division Peishkar shall
set aside the sale and may direct a fresh one.
(4) On the expiration of thirty days from the date of the sale,
[if no application to have the sale set aside is made under Section 331A
or under Clause (2i of this Section], (b) or if such application has
been made and rejected, the Division Peishkar shall make an order
confirming the sale ; provided that, if he shall have reason to think that
the sale ought to be set aside notwithstanding that no such application
has been made or on grounds other than those alleged in any appli¬
cation which has been made and rejected, he may, after recording his
reasons in writing, set aside the sale.
(5) Whenever the sale of any lands is not so confirmed or is set
aside, the deposit or the purchase money, aa the case may be, shall be
returned to the purchaser.
(6) After the confirmation of any Such sale, the Division Peish¬
kar shall register the lands sold in. the name of the person declared to
be the purchaser, and shall execute and grant a certificate of sale bearing
his seal and signature to such purchaser.
Such certificate shall state the property sold and the name of the
purchaser, and it shall be conclusive evidence of the fact of the purchase
in alt Courts and tribunals where it may be necessary to proup the same;
and nb proof of the Division Peishkar’s seal or signature shall be neces¬
sary unless the authority before whom it is produced shall have reason
to doubt its genuineness*
(а) Added by Regulation Vill of lOfflt. .
(б) Amended by Regulation VIII of 1004; ■ w ^
 543
Section 35. Before the issue of the certificate referred to in
Section 34, the Tahsildar shall publish in the
Name and title of villages in which the lands sold are situated in the
pubiiSr*dhSS0r t0 be Proverthicar’s Cutcherry, the name of the purchaser
and the date of the purchase, together with a de¬
claration of the lawful succession of such purchaser to all the rights and
property of the former land-holder in the said lands.

Section 36. Where, notwithstanding such publication, any law¬

ful purchaser of land may be resisted and prevented
Such purchaser tn from obtaining possession of his purchased land,
byPCivil Court^if fhe Division Peishkar, on application and pro-
neoissary. duction of the certificate of sale provided for by
Section 34, shall cause the proper process to be
issued for the purpose of putting such purchaser in possession in the
same manner as if the purchased lands had been decreed to the purchaser
by a decision of a Civil Court.
For purpose of this Section the Division Peishkar may exercise all
the powers of a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure.
Section 37. All certificates issued under Section 34 shall he
Certificates of sale registered under Regulation I of 1042*iat the cost of
to be registered. the parties to whom they are issued.
Section 38. All contracts entered into by the defaulter with his
tenants and all payments to him by them shall be
tenaats^to Ml'good binding upon the purchaser to the same extent and
with purchaser also. under the same conditions as laid down in Section
29.
Section 39. All lands brought to sale on account of arrears of
revenue due thereon shall be sold free of all incum-
Eeveuuo Offioials brances and, if any balance shall remain after
cunibr6oces^on°r theliquidating the arrears, interest and the expenses of
lands sold, attachment and sale and other costs due in respect
of such arrears, it shall be paid over to the defaulter
unless such payment be prohibited by the injunction of a Court of com¬
petent jurisdiction.
Section 40. Arrears of rent which, on the day of sale, may be
due to the defaulter from his under-tenants, shall,
Defaulter entitled in the event of the sale, be recoverable by hiifi,
rent6 d'liron"day of a^ter sa^e’ by any process which might have been
sala. ue used by him for that purpose before the said sale.;
’Registration Regulation I of 1042 has been superseded,)^ the latter Bogo-
lation II of 1087-
 544
Section 41. It shall be lawful to the Division Peishkar or
Tahsildar to attach or sell the whole or any portion
Lands sold to be pro- 0f the land of a defaulter for the recovery of arrears
portionate to arrears revenue, provided always that no larger portion
due' of the land shall be attached or sold than may he
• sufficient to discharge the arrears with interest and expenses of attach-
ment and sale.
Section 42. Where only a part of a property, bearing a single
number in the account subject to the payment of a
Apportionment of lump assessment, may be sold, the assessment upon
such part shall be apportioned by the Division
onl} of a single pro¬
perty is sold. Peishkar previous to sale, under such rules as Our
Dewan, with Our sanction, may, by Notification in
the Gazette, from time to time, prescribe.

Section 43. If. at any time before the lot is knocked down, a
defaulter tenders security, it shall be lawful for the
Seaunty before post- 0ffIcer conducting the sale to accept the security
ponemen o aa e and postpone the sale of the defaulter’s property
upon such conditions and until such time as he may appoint; in the
event of default being made in the performance of such conditions, such
officer may enforce the security subject to the provisions of Section 45.
The security bond shall be in duplicate, 'one of which shall be
kept in the custody of the officer conducting the sale and the' other shall
be forwarded forthwith to the Division Peishkar.
The security bonds given under this Section shall be exempt from
stamp duty.
Section 44. The officer conducting a sale may, for sufficient
„ / , reasons, which shall be recorded, postpone the sale
Jostpsnemerrtof t0 a subsequent day.

Whenever a sale is postponed under this Section, a fresh procla¬

mation of the intended sale shall be published in the manner provided in
Section 9 or 32 as the case may be.
Section 45- All the remedies prescribed by this Regulation in
case of revenue defaulters may be employed against
Sureties liable for their sureties, and it shall be lawful for the Tahsil-
the- *rinoi*»ls '7eU ** *^ar or Division Peishkar, as the case may be, to
eplD p ‘ enforce the same simultaneously with, or either
previously or subsequently to, their enforcement against the principal ;
so, nevertheless, that no more than the total sum of arrears with interest,
• costs and charges shall be realised from both,
 545

Section 46. Persons employed in serving notices or other pro¬

cesses under this Regulation shall be entitled to
eervtng processes118 batta at such rates as may, from time to time, be
fixed by the Dewan with Our sanction and pub¬
lished in the Gazette and such batta shall be treated as part of the costs.

Section 47. Where property, having been attached or distrained,

may be ordered to be pm up for sale, and the sale
Who to bear ex- may be countermanded, the defaulter shall neverthe-
dedstfe.00unt6lman' less be responsible for the expenses incurred in
consequence of the attachment or distraint in the
same manner as if the sale had taken place ; in the event of such pro¬
prietor omitting to discharge the amount, it shall be recoverable by the
process under which the original demand would have been recoverable.

When a defaulter or his surety may hold property

out of the Taluk wherein default has been made,
the Tahsildar of the Taluk in which such defaulter
defaulter or his surety
resides or holds pro¬ or surety holds property shall, on the written ap*
perty in another plication of the Tahsildar in whose Taluk such de¬
Taluk. fault has been made, proceed in all respects against
the property of the defaulter or surety or both in the
same manner as if the default had been made in his own Taluk. Every
such application shall be signed and sealed by the Tahsildar making it
and shall be conclusive as to the amount due and the party in arrear in
all proceedings against the Tahsildar acting upon such application, or
any person acting under his authority, and no proof of the seal or
signature or official character of the Tahsildar making the application
shall be required unless the Court shall see reason to doubt its genuine¬
ness.
In such cases, the Peishkar of the Division, who is the superior
officer of the Tahsildar taking proceedings on the written application of
a Tahsildar of another Division, shall exercise all the powers which
may be exercised by the Peishkar of the Division in which the default
'■was made.

Section 49. If no other property of the defaulter is available for

the recovery of arrears of revenue, the salaries and
When and how sala¬ debts due to him may be attached and realised for
ries and debts of the recovery of any arrear due from him in the
defaulters* may be
attaohed’ manner and to the extent provided for attachment
and realisation of debts and salaries in the Code of
Civil Procedure.
 Section 50. The Dewan may, for sufficient reason, revise any
Pewan s powers of orders passed, or proceedings taken, by a Division
revision and' deiega- Peishkar, Tahsildar or Proverthicar under the pro-
tion Of such powers. vis;ons q{ Regulation [or may, generally or in
certain cases or certain classes of cases only, delegate such powers of
revision to the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner:](<J)
Provided that no order shall be passed under this Section without
previous notice to the party to be affected by such
Notice necessary. order.
Section 51. Nothing in this Regulation shall be held to pre¬
vent parties, deeming themselves aggrieved by any
Savings of rights to jecision ororc|er passed or proceedings taken, [or
sue' purporting to be passed or taken] (b). under this
Regulation, for arrears due or alleged to be due from such parties, from
suing the Government in the Civil Courts :
Provided that such suits shall be preferred within one year from
Limitation. the time at which the cause of action arose :
Provided further that the whole time occupied by the Dewan [or
the Land Revenue and Income tax Commissioner j(c) in revising the pro¬
ceedings under Section 50, shall be excluded from the computation of
the period of limitation of the said one year.
Section 52. No Civil Court shall take into consideration or
decide any question as to the rate of land revenue
Question as to rate payable to Government or as to the amount of
me*rnoU.oCbeSconBi- assessment fixed, or to be hereafter fixed, on the
dered by« Civil Court, portions of a divided estate.
Section 53. Whenever any land, which is under attachment in
execution of a decree of a Civil Court, is attached
of defaoiter "may pay under this Regulation for arrears of revenue due
arrears. on such land, the judgment-creditor ai whose
instance the Civil Court attached the property may
pay the arrears of public revenue and expenses of revenue attachment to
the Tahsildar ; and add the amount so paid to the judgment-debt and
recover it as such. The Tahsildar shall grant a receipt under his
signature and seal and it shall be conclusive evidence of such payment.
Upon 6uch payment, the revenue attachment shall be withdrawn.
Section 54, Whoever, knowing that any movable property is under
distraint, removes such property without the permis-
removal of'distrained6 s*cn die distrainer shall, on conviction before a
property, Magistrate, be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to 6 months,
or with .fine which may extend to one thousand (Rupees, or with both
(a) Added by Regulation IT of ]
(b) Subsequently added by Reguillation VIII of 109*.
(c) Added by Regulation II of 1099.
 547

Section 55. When the property of a defaulter has been placed

under the management of an agent, it shall be law-
•uit^proseoutio*1114° ^ ^or ^efaultei' to praceed by prosecution or
suit against that agent in respect of any criminal or
illegal act done by him to the injury of the defaulter or his estate, and
all tenants or other persons holding by a subordinate title shall have the
same remedies against him as they would have had against the defaulter
if the act were done by the defaulter.
Section 56. When an attachment has been duly made under the
provisions of this Regulation, any private alienation
oftf»“ attaohSfpro” fbe property attached, whether by sale, gift,
pertyVoid. mortgage or otherwise, during the continuance of
the attachment, shall be void as against the Government.
Section 57. All payments on account of rent or profits actually
due, made before public notice of assumption of
Payments by ten- management, to or on behalf of any land-holder by
auts of ianils^ any person holding under him, shall be valid against
assumed. the Government, and ail such payments made after
public notice of such assumption, or made before
they were actually due, shall be null and void against the Government,
who shall be entitled to recover, as arrears of rent, the full amount from
the parties by whom it was paid, leaving them to sue the defaulter in the
ordinary Courts of law.
Section 58. Our Government may, by Notification in the
Gazette, authorise any officer by name [or by
Investiture of powers virtue of his office] (a) to exercise all or any of the
powers conferred by this Regulation on Division
Peishkars, Tahsildars or Proverthicars.
Section 59. [All arrears of public revenue due to Government
other than land revenue, *
The provisions of all raoneys due from any person to Govern-
■ cableRtoeathe0reooverv ment which under a written agreement executed by
of certain arreare of such person are recoverable as arrears of public or
revenue and advances land revenue, and all specific pecuniary penalties to
other than laud reve- such person renders himself liable under
such agreemement,
and also all sums declared by any other Regulation lor the time
being in force to be recoverable as arrears of public or land revenue,
may be recovered under the provisions of this Regulation] (b)
Section 60. No officer, having in his official capacity any duty
to perform in connection with any sale under this
rov^mo salesMt b'd ^ ^egulati°n, shall, either directly or indirectly, bid
for, acquire, or attempt to acquire, any interest in
any property sold, at such sale.
(«) Added by Regulation It of 1009.
(b) Substituted by Regulation V of 1094.
 Section 61. This Regulation shall come into force from the 1st
Cmmenoeraent. Vaikasil068.

RULES.
Rules under Sections 42 and 46 of Regulation 1 of 1068, passed
under date the 21st November 1893.
* 1. When only a partiof a property bearing a single Survey number
has to be sold, the tax on such part shall be in the same proportion to
the whole demand as the part bears to the entire area.
t [2. Batta and other charges at the following rates shall be levied
for service of processes, distraint and sale of movables, and attachment
and sale of immovables, under this Regulation, from the defaulters, along
with the arrears: —
Item. Rate.
1. Fee for demand (either under
Section 7 or Section 23 A of
the Regulation) ' 4 chs. per demand, t
2. Fee for the distaraint and sale
of movables to meet the cost
of the labour of the Revenue
Staff in distraining and selling
the movables ... 8 chs. per case.
3. Fee for the attachment and sale
of immovables to meet the cost
of the labour of the Revenue
Staff in attaching and selling
immovables ... 14chs. per case.
4. § Tom-tom charges to give due
publicity to the intended sale

%£$**** “ ‘
10 chs. per day in the Munici¬
pal towns of Nagercoil, Tri¬
vandrum, Quilon, Alleppey,
Kottayam and Parur and for
hilly tracts (as defined in the
T. S. R.) and 7 chs. per day for
other places in the low country.
ifsnsport charges, such as hire

.. At rates .prescribed in the

Account Code, Part I,
' Dis. 1575/31/Rev. NOTIFICATION.

In supersession of Government Notification Dis. No. 121 |25/G. B., dated the 27th February 1925, published on
page 283 of the Devaswom sheet of the Government Gazette dated the 3rd March 1925, investing the Officers of the
Devaswom Department with the powers noted against their names under Section 58 of the Revenue Recovery Regulation
I of 1068 as amended by Regulation III of 1087, VIII of 1094, X of 1097 and II of 1099, for the collection of the
dues of the Personal Deposit Institutions under their control and which are under Government management, it is here¬
by notified that the list published therein showing the names of the Officers invested with the powers noted against
their names is revised as shown in the subjoined statement.
Huzur Cutcherry, K. George,
Trivandrum, 4th November 1931. Chief S ecrelary to Gooernmcnt.

Names of Officers t<> be invested with the pciwers of a

| Provertlliaar. ;j Tahsildar. j Dewan Peishkar.

£
Thaahakudi—Thiru- !

*
kalyaneira
'j'hazbayill Randan
Sastha
Bhuthapandi
^nb-OroTip l° 1&nPU
Do.
Bhuthapandi Grou^ l 1
Kakum Vinayagar Do. Do! !
Ethu-avalli Choflha
* Vinayagar
Thanuvaling'aswarni. Nagercoil The Dbarmakartha of the Thanuva- ! Superintendent. \ jj
lingftswami and Marukathala i
Randan Saatha Devaswoms |
Do. ; Do. I
.Kapil aqf Maliadovar * P d ' A\b’h Ghandirnm, Karingal Sab-Group j Superintendeol, Padtna-
8 pIIIi apnram J Srikariam, Kuzhithura Sub-Group Suporintendent, 4
Kol!,estl“ - Parassula Group
 553

PROCLAMATION

By His Highness the Maha Rajah of Traoancore, issued under

date the 1st Edaoom 1068, corresponding to the 13th May 1893.

Whereas Inams attached to specific services of any description

have from their nature and immemorial usage been recognised as inse¬
parable from the services for which they are granted, and inalienable ;
and whereas doubts have arisen as to the effect of the paras 6 and 7* of
Section 24 of the Royal Proclamation dated 24th February 1886/14th
Kumbhom 1061 in respect of such Inams; and whereas it is expedient
in the interests of the services concerned to remove such doubts;

We are pleased to declare as follows;—-

1. The provisions of paras 6 and 7of Section 24 of the Royal Pro¬

clamation dated 24th February 1886/14th Kumbhom 1061, shall not be
taken to apply to service Inams described in para 1 o( the same Section.

2. All alienations of Inam lands attached to specific services of any

description which have been or which may hereafter be made, contrary
to past usage, shall be treated as null and void. And it shall be com¬
petent to Our Government to resume the lands so alienated and re¬
attach them to the services;

Provided that Our Government may at its discretion deal with the
resumed lands and the services connected therewith in any other manner
it may deem fit.

3. No Civil suit shall lie against Our Government in respect of

anything done under the last preceding Section.

* Section 2’4 of the Rov*l Proclamation dated 24tli February 3 886[l4th Kumbhom
1061-
Para (6) Aft^r the Settlement of the Inams under the foregoing Rules, the holders
shah be at liberty to mortgage, soli, or transfer them in any manner at th-ir will and
 554

Regulation V of 1071.

(As Amended by Regulation XII of 1108.)

Jenmi and Kudiyan Regulation.

CONTENTS.
Preamble.
Chapter I.
Preliminary.
Sections.
1. Short title.
Commencement,
2. No right between Jenmi and Kudiyan unless expressly provid¬
ed lor.
3. Interpretation clause.
(1) “ Jenmom land.”
(2) “Jenmi.”
(3) Kudiyan.”
(4) “ Kanapattom.”
(5) “ Kanom.”
(6) 11 To hold land.’
(7) “ Holding.”
(8) “ Sub-tenant.”
(9) “ Pattom.”
(10) “ Michavaroms”
(11) “ Renewal fees.”
(12) “ Customary dues, Commuted cess.’’
(13) “ Duly registered.”
(14) “ Jenmivaram.”
(15) “ Settlement pattom.”
(16) “ Settlement pattamicham.”
(17) “ Jenmikaram.”
(18) “Prescribed.”
(19) “ Amendment Regulation.”
Chapter II.
Of the Rights and Liabilities of fenmis and Kudiyans.

4. Taxon Jenmom lands transferred by sale etc., to be borne

by transferee.
5. Kudiyan, owner of land subject only to payment of Jenmi -
karara.
 555

Sections,
6. Apportionment of Jenmikaram as amongst various lands.
7. Jenmikaram now fixed on land being divided.
8. Renewal fees not to exceed 30 per cent, of Kanom.
9. Jenmikaram, first charge on land.
10. Kudiyan’s liability on jenmom right being transferred
11. Kudiyan’s liability on holding being transferred.
12. Kudiyan’s liability on Jenmi’s right in land being divided.
13. Renewals not obligatory.
14. Revision of Jenmikaram.
Chapter III.
Part A—Jenmikaram and its recovery.
15. Particulars of Kanapattom contract.
16. When summary suit will not lie.
17. Jenmikaram alone payable to Jenmi with interest if in arrears
Renewal fees for expired period how payable.
18. Jenmikaram payable only in money.
1 9. Contents of receipt for Michavaram.
Part B—Summary recovery and deposit of jenmikaram.

Omitted by Regulation XII of 1108.

26 A. Jenmi may apply to Tahsildar to recover1 Jenmikaram under

Revenue Recovery processes.
27. Jenmikaram may be deposited by Kudiyan.
28. Contents of the application.
29. Michavaram and other dues due up to date of application to be
paid into Court.
30. Procedure on deposit of Jenmikaram.
31. Further procedure on deposit.
32. Applications under Part B to be exempt from court fees.
Part C—Of the jurisdiction of Courts*,over petty claims for
Jenmikaram.
33. Summary jurisdiction of Courts.
34. Procedure for trial of non-appealable cases to be followed in
summary suits under this Regulation,
 556

Sections.
35. Where cause of action arises.
36. Plaint when exempt from court fees
37. Agent of Jenmi.
38. Power of Court to decide question of title to immovable pro¬
perty of status.
39. Procedure where Kudiyan admits the money due but pleads
title of third person.
40. Decision of Munsiffs and Zillah Judges to be final.
Chapter IV.
Collection and payment of Jenmikaram by Government.
40 A. Power of Government to assume collection of Jenmikarams.
40 B. Settlement of Jenmikaram and Register of Jenmikarams.
40 C. Jenmikaram Settlement Officer.
40 D. Preliminary notification for settlement of Jenmikaram.
40 E. Final notification notifying completion of Register of Jenmi¬
karams.
40 F. (1) Jenmikarams to be paid to Government and recoverable
as arrears of land revenue.
(2) Jenmikaram to be paid in money only.
, 40 G. Jenmikarams'to be paid to Jenmi deducting cost of collect-

40 H. Jenmikarams to be paid only to Government.

40 I. Jenmikarams must be collected according to the Register of
Jenmikarams.
40 J. Revision of Register of Jenmikarams. i
40 K. Subsequent changes re : Jenmikaram etc. may be recorded.
40 L. When suits against Government will lie and when not.
40 M. Power to make Rules.
40 N. What land can be sold for Jenmikaram.

Chapter V.
Miscellaneous.
Sections.
41. Power of High Court to make Rules.
42. Saving of Kanapattoms executed since 25th Karkatakom 1042.
43. Terminable nature of tenancy to be determined from terms of
contract.
44. Saving of rights of Kudiyans of more than fifty years’ standing'.
And of established rights.
45* Apportionment of compensation money on Hand acquisition.
 $57

46. Government to fix commutation rates on advice of committees.

47. Limitation period for Jenmikaram.

Passed by His Highness the Maharaja of Travancore on the 3rd.

July 1896|21st Mithunam 1071.
A Regulation to define clearly the relative rights of Jenmis and
Kudiyans and to make provision for the speedy realisation of Jenmis dues
from the tenants-
Whereas it is expedient for better carrying out the intention of
the Royal Proclamation of the 25th Karkatakam
Preamble. 1042, to define clearly the relative rights of Jenmis
and Kudiyans in Travancore, to make further pro¬
vision for the speedy realisation of Jenmis dues and to invest the District
Munsiffs and Zillah Judges with summary jurisdiction in petty claims
for Jenmis dues ;
We are in supersession of the Royal Proclamation above referred
to, hereby pleased to enact as follows'-—

Chapter I.
Preliminary.

1. (1) This Regulation may be called the Travancore Jenmi and

Short Title Kudiyan Regulation of 1071.
(2) It shall come into force throughout Travancore on the first
Commencement. day of Makaram 1072. * Provided that the 1st
para of Section 44 shall come into force on the 1st
day of Chingom 1074.
2. * No custom or customary right as between the Jenmi and the
Kudiyan shall prevail unless provided for in this
Regulation expressly or by necessary implication.

3. The following expressions shall have the meanings hereby as-

lltlnterpreation signed to them unless there is something repugnant
clause. ^ in the subject or context.

amended by Regulation XII of 1108.

 558

(1) ‘Jenmom land’ means land (other than Pandaravaga, Sree-

pandara Vaga, Kandukri§hi or Sirkar Devaswom
Jenmom Land. Land,recognised as such in the Sirkar Accounts)
which is either entirely exempt from Government
Tax or, if assessed to public Revenue, is subject to Rajabhogam only,
and the occupancy right in which is created for a money consideration
(kanom) and is also subject to the payment of michavaram or customary
dues and the payment ol renewal fees.
Explanation 1. Rajabhogam includes Rajabhogam paid to a
chief within whose free hold estate, the land is situate.
Explanation 2. For the purposes of this definition the payment
of Jenmikaram shall be deemed to be the payment of michavaram or
customary dues and the payment of renewal fees.
‘ (2) ‘Jenmi’ means a person in whom the Jenmom right over
Jenmom lands is vested and includes, in the cases
‘Jenmi’. of Devaswoms owning Jenmom right, the managing
Trustee or Trustees of the institution for the time

(3) ‘Kudiyan’. means a ^person who holds lands (on Kana-

‘Kudiyan’. pattom tenure.

(4) Kanapattom means a demise of Jenmom land made or

renewed by the Jenmi by whatever name such
‘Kanap&Uom’. demise is designated. ■

(5) ‘Kanom’ means the Arthomor consideration (in money or in

kind) paid for the Kanapattom and shall also in-
Kanom. elude the value of improvements made by Kudi-
yans and treated as Arthom or consideration.

(6) A person is said to hold land whether he retains it in

• his actual possession or whether he mortgages or
To hold land. sub-lets it; and a person shall be deemed to have
held land if it has been held by himself or by a
predecessor in interest or title through whom he claims.

(7) ‘Holding’ means a parcel of land or parcels of land held

under one Kanapattom instrument and one set of
Holding. conditions.

(8) ‘Sub-Tenant’ means any person who holds land under

a Kudiyan.
Sufa-Ten»nt.’
 559

*(9) ‘Pattern’ means the assessed annual rent of the holding

prior to the deduction of interest due to the Kudi-
Pattom.' yan 'on the Kanom in order to determine the
Michavaram due to the Jenmi.
(10) ‘Michavaram’ means the annual residual rent which is
payable or deliverable under a Kanapattom by the
‘Jtioha-vamn’. Kudiyan to the Jenmi whether in money or in kind
and includes services due in lien of rent,
:(11) ‘Renewal fees’, means such fees as Atukkuvathu, Sakshi,
Oppusuchi or the like agreed to be paid by the
val fees’ Kudiyan to the Jenmi periodically on occasions
al iee' when the Kanapattom is renewable, and includes
the “fractional fees”.
And ‘fractional fee’ means the fee fixed as claimable (in substi¬
tution of the renewal fees) in annual instalments at the rate of seven per
cent, of the aggregate value or amount of the renewal fees due on the
• expiry of 12 years, or in annual instalments proportionately lower in
percentage when renewal on the expiry of any longer period is provided
for by the Kanapattom.
Explanation. When a Kanapattom provides for Purushantra
Polichezhuthu (renewal on the death of the Jenmi or Kudiyan) or for
renewal when a temple may be renovated, or when the language of the
instrument raises a reasonable doubt as to the length of the period on the
expiry of which renewal is enforceable, it shall be deemed that renewal
on the expiry of every thirty-six years was intended and agreed upon by
the parties.
(12) ‘Customary dues’ means cesses or perquisites consisting
of (i) Onakkazcha, *Panchaphalam, Utsavakoppu
Customary dues or the like due annually or periodically on specific
commuted cegs, dates, and (ii) Arukazcha, Kalasavari, or the like
due at periodical intervals, which though specific,
are not previously ascertainable, whenever such cesses or perquisites
are payable by the Kudiyan to the Jenmi in accordance with the terms
of a Kanapattom; and
‘Commuted cess’ means the commuted money value of custo¬
mary dues, if any, ascertained as claimable by the Jenmi every year
after the commencement of the Amendment Regulation according to the
calculation made in the manner specified hereunder; that is to say:—
(i) When Kalasavary is claimable by a Jenmi, it shall be
assumed that he is entitled to five per cent, of one Kalasavary cess every
year;_
* As smended by fiegu XII ol 1108.
 560

(ii) When Arukazhcha is claimable by a Jenmi, it shall be

assumed that he is entitled to sixteen per cent, of one Arukazhcha cess
every year.
(iii) When other customary dues are claimable by a Jenrai.
the annual value of such shall be ascertained by calculation.
(iv) In valuing any customary dues payable in kind, the com¬
mutation price specified in the contract of Kanappattom or understood
to be the one conformable to the local customary rate, which ever is
lower shall be the guide ;
(v) Tlie sum total of the value or amounts of the customary dues
ascertained as annually payable to the Jenmi in accordance with the
calculation made under clauses (i) to (iv) shall be deemed to be the
“commuted cess” in any given case.
(13) ‘Duly registered’means registered in accordance with the
law for the time being in force relating to the
Duly registered. Registration of Assurances-
(14) *Jenmivaram in respect of a Jenmom land or holding means
the total of the amounts of the annual michavaram,
the fractional fee and the commuted cess in respect

*(15) Settlement Pattom in respect of a Jenmom land means the

pattomfixed by our Government for the land revenue
Settlement Pattom. purp0ses at General Revenue Settlement and in¬
cludes also the proportionate pattom chargeable on each portion of a
land wherever the land is divided for any reason.
*(16) Settlement pattamichamin respect of a Jenmom land means
Settlement Patta- settlement pattom minus the tax due there on
micham. to Our Government,
Explanation.—Wherever the settlement pattom is fixed in kind,
‘tax’ means the tax in kind fixed with reference to the settlement pattom •
although the tax may be payable to our Government in money.
' (17) Jenmikaram in respect of a Jenmom land or holding means
Jemnikaram the amount payable in respect of that land or hold¬
ing under the provisions of this Regulation by the
Kudiyan to the Jenmi every year in lieu of all and every one of the
Jenmi’s claims in respect of the land or holding such jenmikaram being
fixed as follows : -
(a) So long as the last general Land Revenue Settlement made by
our Government remains in force, the Jenmikaram shall, except in the
case of cherikkal lands, be the Jenmikaram, and in the case of cherikkal
* 4a substituted by Regulation XTI of 1108,
 561
lands; the Settlement Pattamicham with reference to the said last
revenue Settlement minus the interest on the Kanom amount shall be
the Jenmikaram; and
(6) If the Jenmikaram as under Clause (a) is altered or revised at
or after any future general Land Revenue Settlement under the provi¬
sions of this Regulation, such altered or revised Jenmikaram shall
thence forward be the Jenmikaram and if it is not so altered or revised,
the then existing Jenmikaram shall continue to be the Jenmikaram.
Explanation I. Payment of or the liability to pay the Jenmikaram
is equivalent to paying or the liabilty to pay the michavaram, renewal
fees and customary dues.
Explanation 2. When any jenmom land or holding is divided for
any reason the jenmivaram and jenmikaram chargeable proportionately
on each part shall respectively be the jenmivaram and jenmikaram due
on that part.
Explanation3. The term “cherikkal land ' means all land re¬
cognised as such in the Sirkar accounts in which paddy or other culti¬
vation is or has been carried on in recurring periods and on which,
until the last Revenue Settlement, malaoatam or vilameladi tax alone
has either been levied or was leviable by our Government when such
land was cultivated.
(18) Prescribed’means prescribed from time to time by our
Government by rules or by notifications in our
Prescribed. Government Gazette.

(19) The amendment Regulation means the Travancore Jenmi

Amendment and Kudiyan (Amendment) Regulation 1108,
Regulation*'

CHAPTER li.

Of the Rights and Liabilities of Jenmis and Kudiyans.

*4. When a Jenmi transfers by sale, gift or otherwise, the Jenmom
right in the whole or any part of Jenmom lands
T« od Jenmom and the Sirkar imposes or enhances the tax on the
- 1,nd8 tr*ns£erred byJenm0m lands transferred, such tax shall be borne
by the transferee.
 562

* 5. From and after the commencement of the Amendment Regu¬

lation, the Jenmi shall not have any right, claim or
Kitdiyan owner of interest in any land in a holding except the right
'etuout'^of 0JeIimi° to rece*ve Jenmikaram thereon and the Kudi-
tsr«m°U ° 6 m yan shall be deemed to be the owner of the land
subject only to the payment of the Jenmikaram.
Explanation!. The Jenmis’right as well as the Kudiyans right
is heritable as well as tranferable by sale, gift, or otherwise.
Explanation 2. Notwithstanding any usage or contract to the
contrary, no Kudiyan has the right to relinquish or apply for permission
to relinquish his holding or any portion thereof and no Jenmi has the
right to evict or sue for the eviction of a Kudiyan from his holding or
any portion thereof. This prohibition shall apply also in the case of all
applications made and suits instituted even before the commencement of
the Amendment Regulation if such applications or suits are pending dis¬
posal on the date of commencement of the Amendment Regulation and
were made or instituted, as the case may be, after the 19th jMeenom
1 105. The term ‘ suit ’ herein includes also applications for the exe¬
cution of decrees passed in suits.
Explanation 3. Notwithstanding any usage or contract to the
contrary, every Kudiyan has the right to make any use of the land in
his holding to change its character either by converting wet land into
garden land or by converting garden land into cultivable wet land
or in any other manner, to cut down and appropriate any trees standing
thereon, to alter jthe course of cultivation in respect thereof and, in
short, to do or suffer anything to be done on the land without reference
to, or interference from, the Jenmi.
Explanation 4. Notwithstanding any usage or contract to the
contrary, every Kudiyan has the right to make any improvement in res¬
pect of his holding without reference to or interference from, the Jenmi,
and no Kudiyan shall thereby become liable to pay any higher Jenmi¬
karam on account of any increase of production or any change in the
nature of the crops raised in consequence of 6uch improvement.
Explanation 5. The Jenmi’s right to the Jenmikaram shall be
deemed to be immovable property.
6. (1) If in a holding there are more parcels of land than One,
each having settlement pattom assessed separately,
Jmuiui »ram Jenmikaram of the entire holding shall be ascer-
araongst'various lands,
tained in accordance with the provisions of this
Regulation and distributed in respect of each
parcel of land in the proportion of the settlement pattamicham bearing
on such parcel of land.
* Sections 5 to 14 »«substituted by Begulstion XII of 1108*
 563

(2) The Jenmikaram so distributed in respect of each parcel of

land shall be the Jenmikaram due thereon.
7. If any Jenmom land is divided for any reason, the Jenmikaram
on each portion of the land shall be fixed in the
Jenmilinram, haw proportion of the Sirkar tax that will be fixed on
divided0" :iaIld btM8 suc^ Port*°n land and the Jenmikaram so fixed
shall be the Jenmikaram due thereon.
8. Notwithstanding any usage or contract to the contrary, it shall
not be lawful hereafter to take into account in any
xoeed thirty per centcase as renewal fees any amount exceeding thirty
per cent of the Kanam.
9. The Jenmikaram of a holding together with the interest, if any,
due thereon, when it becomes an arrear, shall be
oharneonTsnd’ fl St claimable by the Jenmi and shall, subject to the
priority of the rights of Our Government be, a first
charge on the holding.
10. No Kudiyan shall, when, without his consent, the Jenmi’s
right in any Jenmom land is transferred by sale,
Kadiyan’s liabilitygift 0I- otherwise, be liable to the transferee for the
transferredrighl bemg Jenmikaram which became due after the transfer
and was paid to the Jenmi whose right was so
transferred unless the tranferor or tranferee has, before the payment,
given notice of the transfer to the Kudiyan by registered Anchal or
Post.
11. When a Jenmom land or holding is divided or is transferred
by sale gift or otherwise by the Kudiyan without
Ktidiyan’s liability on the consent of the Jenmi, the Kudiyan shall continue
ferfid8 bl>mS trmS" liable for the Jenmikaram accruing due after such
en ' division or transfer unless and until notice by regis¬
tered Anchal or Post of the division or transfer is given to the Jenmi
by any sharer or by the transferor or transferee, as the case may be, and
until Pokkuvaravu if effected in the Land Revenue Records in accor¬
dance with the division or transfer.
Explanation. This provision does not affect any liability of any
sharer or transferee as between such person and other sharers or the
transferor, as the case may be, to pay the Jenmikaram.
12. No Division of the Jenmi’s right in any Jenmom land shall be
binding on the Kudiyan thereof, unless it is made
Kudiyan’s liabilitywith the consent of the Kudiyan or notice thereof
"ind^ei^dirUcd.ln K given to the Kudiyan by registered Anchal or
B ' post informing him of the prescribed particulars of
 .564

the Division, and the Jenmikaram which may become due subsequent to
such division made without such consent may until the receipt of the
notice be paid to the Jenmi entitled thereto before such division.
1?. Notwithstanding any usage or contract to the contrary, it shall
not be obligatory on tbc Jenmi to renew, or on
Renewals not ubii. . ^ [<;unc|;yan f0 accept the renewal of a contract
of Kanapattom.
14. (1) Notwithstanding any usage or contract to the contrary, the
Jenmikaram of any land shall not be liable to
larara*"0" alteration or revision at any time except after any
“ram‘ future general Land Revenue Settlement by Our
Government.
(2) Whenever Our Government make any general Land Revenue
Settlement in the future and the amount of the Settlement Pattamicham '
at that settlement and the 'amount of the then existing Jenmikaram in
respect of any Jenmom land are found to differ, the Jenmikaram shall
be liable to be enhanced or reduced as the case may be in the propor¬
tion that the Settlement Pattamicham bears to the Jenmikaram.
Provided that in no case shall any Jenmikaram be enhanced by
more than ten per cent thereof.
Provided also that in the case of the Land Revenue Settle¬
ment next following that now in force no Jenmikaram of any land
shall be enhanced if within 12 years preceding the date of the com¬
mencement of the operations for such settlement there has been an
enhancement of michavaram in respect of that land.
Explanation I. If there is no difference between the amount of
the Settlement Pattamicham at any future Revenue Settlement and the
tamount of the then existing jenmikaram, such jenmikaram shall continue
o be the jenmikaram during the currency of such settlement also.
Explanation 2. When the Settlement Pattamicham or the jenmi¬
karam or both consist of paddy or other commodity and money such
commodity portion shall, for the purposes of comparison, be commuted
into money at the average commutation rate, the average being taken on
the rates of the three years immediately preceding the date of such com¬
parison. This average rate is intended only for the purposes of com¬
parison and when the jenmikaram has to be enhanced or reduced in
any proportion the commodity portion and the money portion shall each
be enhanced or reduced, as the ease may be, in that proportion.
(3) From and after the 1st day of Chingom 1108 no enhance¬
ment or reduction of the Jenmi’s dues whether jenmikaram or micha¬
varam, shall be made otherwise than in accordance with the provisions
of this Regulation ; and even if a court has decreed contrariwise on or
 565
after the said first day of Chingom 1108, the court shall review that
decision and pass a decision in accordance with the provisions of. this
Regulation on application being made for the purpose by any aggrieved
party with'n six months of the commencement of the Amendment Regu¬
lation.
Explanation. Nothing in the Travancore Limitation Regulation
(VI of 1100) or the Code of Civil Procedure, 1100 shall be deemed
to bar. such applications for review.
(4) The enhanced jenmikaram or the reduced jenmikaram due
on a land, as the case may be, shall be payable from the 1 st day of
Chingom in the year next following that in which the Revenue Settle¬
ment comes into operation in respect of that land, and with effect from
that day the enhanced jenmikaram or the reduced jenmikaram, as the
case may bej shall (in case there be enhancement or reduction) be the
jenmikaram due thereon.
CHAPTER III.
Part A.
Jenmikaram and its recovery.
*15. (1) Every contract of Kanapattom made or renewed after the
...... commencement of the Amendment Regulation >
pattom oo!rtrVct.KilI,a’ shall, in addition to other particulars, specify—
(a) the name, if any, the description and the extent of the
holding, and
(b) the Settlement Pattom, the Settlement Pattamicham, the
Jenmivaram and. the Jenmikaram, in respect of the land or each of the
several parcels of land comprised in the holding.
(2) (a) If the jenmikaram or any portion thereof is made pay¬
able in: kriid it shall be specified according to the standard measure or
parah prescribed by our ‘ Government or which may be agreed upon
between the parties.
(6) if any local parah or measure is used by the parties, the
difference between it and the Government standard parah must be set
forth in the Kanapattom.
(3) Registering officers shall refuse to accept for registration any
Kanapattom instrument unless it shall contain the particulars above ,set
forth. The order of the Registrar shall be subject to appeal according to
the provisions of the Registration Regulation for the time being in force.
116..' No summary suit or claim for enforcing payment of any jenmi¬
karam shall be entertained by the courts under this
wiifnot ,'“mnlacy “uit
Regulation unless either the jenmikaram or the re-
' n newal fees and customary dues, with reference to
~~ » As amended by Begulstion XII of 1108.
■f 4s substituted by Begulstion XII of H08.
 566
which the jenmikaram has to be ascertained, are specified in the Kana-
pattom or its counterpart duly registered or in a decree of a civil court
obtained in a Regular suit between the Jenmi and the Kudiyan.
17. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Regulation every Jenmi
shall be entitled to receive and every Kudiyan shall
.Temnikaram alone be bound to pay in respect of all the land in the
wlth^inicroat* ifTn latler's holding the Jenmikaram due thereon and
arrears. notwithstanding any contract or usage to the con¬
trary the Jenmi shall not be entitled to receive and
the Kudiyan shall not be bound to pay anything else in respect of
the land.
(2) The Jenmikaram shall be payable in such instalments and
on such dates as our Government may, by rules made under this Regu¬
lation, prescribe or in the absence of such rules at or before the close .
of each Malabar year.
(3) The Jenmikaram or any instalment of Jenmikaram payable
on any date if it is not paid on or before that date shall become an
arrear on the first day after that date.
(4) An arrear shall bear simple interest at the rate of nine per
cent, per annum when it is payable in money or in paddy and at the
rate of six per cent per annum if it is collected or recovered by Our
Government under the provisions of Chapter IV.
(5) When according to the terms of any contract of Kana-
pattom renewal fees are payable on the expiry of
Renewal fees for specified period and part only of such period has
°ayable !,Cr''0<1 h°W expired before the commencement of the Amend¬
ment Regulation, an amount which bears to the
aggregate amount or value of such renewal fees the same proportion
as the expired part of the period bears to the whole period specified
iu the contract shall be payable by the Kudiyan to the Jenrtii -without
interest within three years from the commencement of the amendment
Regulation or with interest at six percent per annum thereafter within
a further period of three years.
18. Where the Jenmikaram or any portion of it consists of paddy
or other commodity the Kudiyan shall be entitled
sbi^oDly'iDTnonoy!13 to PV *n. money the value of such paddy or other
commodity at the commutation rates fixed under the
provisions of Section 46.
*19. Every Kudiyan paying any Jenmikaram shall be entitled to a
recipt specifying—
(a) the date of payment,
(b) the amount paid,

*As amended by Regulation XII of U08.

 567

(c) the periodjfor which it-is'paid,

(d) the holding in respect of which it is paid, and
(e) such other particulars as may be necessary to elucidate the
transaction.
[20-26. Omitted by Regulation XII of 1108].

Part B.
Summary Recovery and deposit of Jenmikaram.
26 A. (1) It shall be competent to the Jenmi of any .holding with¬
out prejudice to any other right of action that he
Jenmi may apply to may have, to make an application to the Tahsildar
JeDmikaiam ^under Taluk in which the holding is situated to re-
Revanue Recovery cover the arrears of any Jenmikaram in respect of
Processes. that holding :
Provided that the arrears are not more than one year old on the
date of the application.
(2) The application shall be in such form and shall contain
such particulars as may be prescribed by Our Government and shall be
signed and verified by the Jenmi in the manner, prescribed by the
Code of Civil Procedure, 1100 for the signing and verification of
plaints.
(3) The applicant shall from time to time pay to the Tahsildar
such fees as may be prescribed by Our Government for the several
processes that may be necessary for realising the arrears. The applicant
shall be entited to a refund of any portion of such fees that may remain
unexpended at the termination of the proceedings.
(4) If the Tahsildar. is satisfied that the application has been
duly presented, that the arrears are due from the Kudiyan, that the
. applicant is entitled to recover them and that they are not more than
one year old on the date of the application, he shall proceed ta recover
the ammount of arrears and interest and the fees paid under sub-section
(3) by th<j applicant as if they were an arrear of public Revenue due to
Our Government and the provisions of the Revenue Recovery Re¬
gulation I of 1068 (as amended by the Regulation III of 1087, VIII of
1094, X of 1097 and II of 1099) shall mutadis mutantis apply to all
the proceedings.
(5) (a) The amount that is recovered shall be paid by the Tahsil¬
dar to the applicant on taking a receipt from him in a lorm as near as
may be to that contemplated by Section 19.
(i) A copy of the receipt with the attestation of the Tahsildar
shall be given free of cost to the Kudiyart if he applies for it.
 568

Explanation. Nothing in this section shall be deemed to bar th

right of civil suit which any aggrieved party may have in law.
: 27. (a) When a Jenmi refuses to accept Jenmikaram tendered b
the Kudiyan or when the Kudiyan in any case i
Jenmikaram may be doubtful as to the person entitled to receive th
deposited by the Kudi- Jenmikaram the Kudiyan may make an applicatio
yau' to the court of the District Munsiff having jurisdic
tion over the place where the holding or any part of it is situated fo
permission to deposit in such court, the entire amount of the Jenmikarar
due in respect of the holding till then together with the interest due there
on under this Regulation.
*28. The application shall specify, as far as possible;
(a) the name of the Jenmi and his description when known, am
Contents of the case narae and description of all th
application. rival claimants;
(b) the local name, description and extent of the holding;
(c) the particulars of the tenure on which the holding is held b;
the Kudiyan;
id) the entire amount of the Jenmikaram and the interest du<
thereon up-to-date and the value at the commutation rate of such portio;
of it as is in kind;
(e) the circumstances under which the application is made, am
shall be verified in thejmanner prescribed by the Code of Civil Procedur
for the verification of plaints.
29. The amount of Jenmikaram or other dues: specified in. clause (d
of Section 28 shall be paid into court at the; time o
jenmikaram and the application, the price of grain or other commo
thedate^of application
dities payable as Jenmikaram and the interest, if any
to be paid into court,
due thereon being commuted into money.

30. (1) When such application as aforesaid is made, the court shal
grant the permission applied for . and ; accept th
»it oUpnmikaram!1'0 Deposit unless it appears on . an examination of ft
applicant that the application has,teen made withoii
justifying grounds, or uidess he had failed to pay the feespif any, charge
. able for the issue of the notice hereinafter referred to.
(2) The Applicant shall be entitled to a receipt from the coufl
accepting the deposit, and the deposit, shall be deemed to be a paymer
made by the Kudiyan to the Jenmi in respect pf the Jenmikaram 0
arrear due.
 569

31. (1) The court accepting the deposit shall give notice of the same
to every person who is reasonably believed to claim
oi>DUapositprooedur0 or to be entitled to the deposit and may after hearing
sufch of them as may appear in court, pay the amount
thereof or remit the same less the Hundi or Money Order commission
by Anchal Hundi ,or Postal Money Order to any person appearing to
the court to be entitled to the same, or may, if it thinks fit, retain the
deposit, pending the decision of a competent civil court as to the person
so entitled.
(2) Nothing in this section shall affect the right of any party to
institute a regular suit in a competent civil court to contest the payment,
remittance or order made under sub-section (1) or to recover the amount
from the party if any, to whom it has been paid or remitted under sub¬
section (!) but so far as the Kudiyan is concerned, the receipt granted
under sub-section (2) of section 30 shall be deemed a full acquittance
in respect of the amount covered by the receipt and shall have the same
force and effect as a receipt granted by a person rightfully entitled to
receive the amount.
32. Every application made under this Part B shall be exempt from
payment of court fees.
Applications under
.Part B io be cxemfl
from court fees.
Past C.

Of the jurisdiction of courts over petty claims for fenmikaram.

33. Claims by Jenmis for recovery of arrears of Jenmikaram shall
when the amount or value of such claim does not
tion'of'o'ourts™3'510"
exceed Rs. 1 00, be taken cognizance of and disposed
of summarily by the courts here in after mentioned.
(!) District Munsiffs shall have jurisdiction in respect of all sach
claims where the amount or value of the claim does not exceed Rs. 30,
(2) Zilla Judges shall have similar jurisdiction where [the amount
or value of the claim exceeds Rs. 30 but does not exceed Rs. 100.
34- Except as otherwise provided by this Regulation, the procedure
prescribed by any law for the time being in force
Procedure for trial for the trial of non-appeaIab)e cases shall be the
oa8e™to*br*fo]lowed procedure to be followed by the District Munsiffs
in summary suits un- and Zilla Judgesin all suits and proceedings sum-
der this Regulation. marily cognizable by them under this Regulation.
35. The cause of action for recovery of such claims shall be deemed
to have arisen at the place where the holding, in respect of which the
claim accrued, is situated, and the suit shall subject to the provisions of
 570

section 33, clause 1 and 2 be preferred to the court within the limits of
whose territorial jurisdiction the cause of action shall have arisen as
aforesaid.

36. The plaint in such suits shall be exempt from payment of court
fees, if the claim be for recovery of arrears which
Plaint when exempt acCfUec| Joe within 12 months next preceding its
roin court eca. institution; if otherwise, the regular court fee which
would have been levied, had the claim been instituted as a regular suit
in a competent court, shall be levied on the plaint.

37. Any Agent or Vicharippukaran of a Jenmi empowered in this

behalf by a written authority under the hand of the
Agent of Jenmi. Jenmi shall for the purposes of a summary suit or
application under this Regulation, be deemed to be
a recognised Agent of the Jenmi within the meaning of the code of civil
procedure, notwithstanding that the Jenmi may reside within the local
limits of the jurisdiction of the court in which the suit is to be instituted
or is pending or in which the application is made.

38. If in the decision of a suit cognizable summarily by a Munsiff

or a Zilla Judge under Section 33, it becomes
Power of court to necessary to decide incidentally any matter in dis-
toTmmovtbi'e property Pute between the parties to the suit, concerning title
or status. to immovable property or the status of either of them
or of those under whom they claim, which if it had
been the immediate subject matter of the claim would not be cognizable
by the Munsiff or the Zilla Judge under the procedure applicable to
non-appealable cases, it shall be competent to the District Munsiff or the
Zilla Judge, as the case may be, to decide such question of title to im¬
movable property or status, so far as it may be necessary to do for the
determination of the summary suit; but such decision shall not be con¬
clusive evidence of such title or status in any other action between the
same parties or their representatives.

39... (!) When a Kudiyan-defendant admits that money is due from

him on account of jenmikaram, but pleads that it is
Rxioedui^whsfe Ku-due not to the plaintiff, but to a third person, the
money due but pleadsf:0lVt shall, except for special reasons to be recorded
title of third person.
in writing, refuse to take cognizance of the plea,
unless the defendant pays into court the amount so
admitted to be due.

(2) When such a payment is made, the court shall forthwith

cause notice of the payment to be served on the third person,
 571

(3) Unless the third person within three months of the notice
institutes a regular suit against the plaintiff and therein obtains an order
restraining payment of the money, it shall be paid over to the plaintiff
on his application.
(4) Nothing in this section shall affect the right of any person
to recover from the plaintiff the money paid to him under clause (3) of
this section.
40. The decision of Munsiffs and Zilla Judges passed in summary
suits under this part shall be final but shall be sub-
aad zni»°iua»e”tn,bo iect t0 revlsi°n by the High Court in the manner
final. ° S provided for by Section 89 of the Code of Civil
Procedure, 1100,
Provided that, no judgment, decree or order in supersession of
the decision or order of the subordinate court shall be passed by the
High Court without giving the parties an opportunity of stating their
case either in person or by Vakils.

CHAPTER IV,
Collection and payment of Jenmikaram by Government.
40 A. It shall be lawful for Our Government, to assume the collec-
Power of Govern- tion of jenmikaram for payment over to the jenmi

Explanation.—Our Government shall assume the collection in res¬

pect of all the jenmam lands in the State at the same time although the
proceedings towards such assumption may be made in respect of all the
jenmam lands in the State together or of such lands in any local area or
in such other convenient groups as may be determined by Our Govern-

40. B. (1) For carrying out the purposes of the foregoing Section,
Our Government snail as soon as may be, cause a
k»rtm1»nd Bedstnof Reg'5lei: Jenmikarams to be prepared, after settl-
jemnikarams. b ing the jenmikarams, showing in respect of each
jenmam land the Survey Number and such other
particulars of description as may be prescribed, the names of the jenmi
and the kudiyan, the settlement pattamicham, the jenmivaram, the jenmi¬
karam, the date and nature of the document, if any, on the basis of
which the jenmikaram was fixed and such other particulars as inay be

a
prescribed.
The Register may be prepared for the whole State or for
i or other local area or for such groups of lands as may be
determined by Our Government,
 572

Explanation. —The ‘ Register of Jenmikarams ’ shall for the pur-

poses of this Regulation mean the Register in respect of the whole State
or in respect of the pakuthi or other local area or the group concerned.
40. C. Our Government may appoint any person or persons that they
may deem fit for the settlement of the jenmikarams
mraTofficer1” SeUle" an<^ PreParation of the Register of Jenmikarams
and such person or persons (referred to hereinafter
as the Jenmikaram Settlement Officers) may, for such settlement and
such preparation, make such investigation and follow such procedure as
may be prescribed,
40. D. Not less than one month before the work of the settlement of
jenmikarams and the preparation of the Register of
o»Uon ,forl<scttlement Jenmikarams is proposed to be begun. Our Govern-
o£ jenmikaram. ment shall publish in Our Government Gazette, and
in such other manner, if any, as may be prescribed,
a notification giving notice of the appointment of the Jenmikaram Settle¬
ment Officer for the pakuthi, local area or group concerned and calling
upon the jenmis and kudiyans and all persons interested to supply all
necessary information and render all assistance in the matter.
40. E. When the preparation of the Register of Jenmikarams has
been completed in the prescribed manner in respect
of the whole State and such Register has received
Pin»l tiotiii'stion (he approval of Our Government, Our Government
o£(Reg1'1 f1] tn)1' shall Polish in Our Government Gazette, and in
karams. such other manner, if any, as may be prescribed, a
notification notifying that, with effect from a speci¬
fied date thereafter, which shall not be earlier than two months from the
date of the notification, they have under Section 40A assumed the col¬
lection of jenmikarams in respect of the whole State.
40. F. (1) The jenmikarams in respect of the lands covered by the
Register of Jenmikarams referred to in the forego-
Jonmiksruns to be mg Section and accruing due from and after the
a-i -a-o-.-obl™ a- ^ate specified in the notification published under
arrears of land revenue,
that Section shall be paid to Our Government in
such manner and at such times as may be prescribed
and may in default of such payment be recovered under the provisions
of the Revenue Recovery Regulation (Regulation I of 1068 as amended
by Regulations III qf 1087, VIII of 1094, X of 1097 and II of 1099)
in the same manner as arrears of land revenue.
(2) No such jenmikaram shall be payable or be allowed to
Jpnmikuran! to be Pa'd in ■ Jenmikarams due in kind shall
paid ia money only. b.e Pa’^ at commutation r it-'s S xed under the provi-*
sions of Section 46,-
 40. G. The jerlmikarams collected by Our Government shall be paid
to the jenmi concerned deducting therefrom a fee,
.“ral* towat<^s *he charges incidental to collection and
ing cost of collection,
payment, of such amount as may be prescribed from
time to time not exceeding in any case two and a
half per centum of the amount collected for payment.
Explanation]. If interest on any jenmikaram is collected such
interest also shall be paid over to the jenmi deducting the fee in respect
of such interest also.
Explanation 2. If any costs are recovered on account of any pro¬
cesses taken for the recovery of any jenmikaram such costs shall not be
paid over to the jenmi.
Explanation 3. Our Government shall be liable to, pay only the
jenmikaram and interest actually collected by them.
40. H. Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provi¬
sions of this Regulation no payment of any such
afd^nly&verm jenmikaram as is referred to in Section 40 F, sub-
mont. section (1), made otherwise than in accordance
with the provisions of that sub-section, shall be
deemed to be a valid discharge of the liability to pay such jenmikarams;
and in respect of such jenmikarams it shall not be lawful for any jenmi to
institute any suit under the provisions of Chapter III or for the jenmi or
the kudiyan to make any application under the provisions of the same
Chapter.
40. I. No collection or payment of jenmikaram shall be stayed by
Our Government merely on the ground that any
Jonroikartma must party has any objection to the entries in the Register
bo collected according 0f Jenmikarams or to the collection or payment in
to the Register of Jen-
accordance with such entries
Provided that any party aggrieved shall have the right to institute a
suit in a Civil Court of competent jurisdiction to establish the right
which he claims and Our Government shall abide by the final result of
such suit and may, if necessary, correct the Register of Jenmikarams
accordingly.
40. J. (1) Our Government shall, at or after every future general
Revenue settlement, cause the Register of Jenmi-
of Jenraik»ram^eglSter karams to be revised. At such revision. Our Gov-
0 6 "" emment may, if they deem fit, cause the particulars
required to be entered in the Register of Jenmikarams to be incorporated
in the Register that is prepared in respect of the Land Revenue Settle-

(2) When any such revision has to be made the procedure

prescribed by Sections 40 B to 40 E shall be followed as far as may
 574

be; and when the revised Register is completed and notification made
under Section 40 E, such revised Register shsill be the Register of Jen-
mikarams and when the particulars required to be entered in the Register
of Jenmikarams are incorporated in the Register prepared in respect of
any Land Revenue settlement, such Register shall be deemed to be the
Register of Jenmikarams for the purposes of this Regulation.
40. K. Any changes in respect of the particulars entered in the
Register of Jenmikarams, arising by reason of any
SuWi^t M„„geb circumstances, such as the transfer of ’ the right to
m»y-b"Tecorte{. ° receive jenmikaram and the like, occurring after the
publication of the notification under Section 40 E,
may be caused to be recorded in such manner as may be prescribed,
and such record shall be deemed, if so prescribed, as a part of the
Register of Jenmikarams.
40. L. (1) No suit or other proceedings shall lie against Our Gov¬
ernment or their officers for doing, or failing to. do"
(3 venf 'n connection with the settlement of jenmi-
»nd whon iot. " karams or the preparation of the Register of Jenmi
karams or for having collected or paid any jenmi¬
karam in accordance with the Register of Jenmikarams.
(2) Nothing in sub-section (I) shall be deemed to prohibit any
person aggrieved by any collection or payment from instituting any suit
against any other person in a Civil Court of competent jurisdiction for
establishing the right which he claims or for following any money in the
hands of any person to whom it was paid or for recovering any money
from any person who was bound to pay it; or to prohibit any suit
against Our Government for the recovery of any moneys realised by
them on account of any dues already collected by them.
40. M. (I) Our Gova'nment shall have power to make
Power to make rules ^0I" carry'n§ out (be purposes of this
rules. Chapter.
(2j Without prejudice to the generality of the power aforesaid.
Our Government may make rules not inconsistent with the provisions of
this Regulation.
(a) to provide for the registers or other records or account to be
kept for facilitating the collection and payment of Jenmikarams and
to determine which of these registers or records or accounts shall be
deemed a part of the Register of Jenmikarams;
(b) to provide for the transfer of the right of the jenmi or the
liability of the kudiyan by sale, gift, partition, or otherwise being re¬
cognised and recorded and the procedure to he followed in recognising
and recording such transfers;
 575

(c) to provide for the grant of documents to the jenmi and the
kudiyan evidencing the amount of the jenmikaram and the manner and
time of the payment of the same;
(d) to provide for the grant of receipts or vouchers for the
payment made by a kudiyan, on the receipt by a jenmi of any Jenmikaram
(e) for authorising the Jenmikaram Settlement Officers to ex¬
ercise all or any of the powers exercisable under the Departmental
Enquiries Regulation, Regulation VI of 1073.
(/) for giving notice to the jenmis or the kudiyans or both when
coercive steps are taken against jenmam lands for the recovery of the
Jenmikaram or the Sirkar tax and for determining the amount of the
cost recoverable for the same and the party from whom it may be
recovered.
(g) to make provision for any incidental matters that may arise in
the settlement of the Jenmikaram or the preparation of the Register of
Jenmikarams pursuant to the provisions of this Regulation; and
(h) for any matter that has to be prescribed under the provisions
of this Regulation.
40. N. No Jenmikaram shall be recoverable under the provisions
Wiiat land can be fbis c^aP^er by the sale of any land except the
sold fur Jenmikaram. land on which the jenmikaram is a charge.

CHAPTER V.
Miscellaneous.
41. The High Court may, from time to time, make rules consist-
• t ant with this Regulation for regulating the practice
to makenilea. and Procedure of courts acting under this Regula¬
tion. The rules so made shall be published in
•the Gazette.
42. Notwithstanding any thing contained' in the foregoing, the
provisions of this Regulation shall not apply to
Saving of Kanapat-any Kanapattom executed since the twenty-fifth
25th Karkaakom'nfe day of Karkatakom 1042 which expressly provide
1042. for redemption.
43- In contracts relating to jenmom lands entered into for the first
time after this Regulation comes into force, the
Terminable nature question whether the tenancy is terminable or
termtaeTVomXma otberwise shall be determined according to the
of contract. intention of the parties as gathered from the terms
of the contract,
 576

‘44. Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing, no

Jenmikaram shall be recoverable by any Jenmi or by Our Government
from any kudiyan who or whose predecessor in interest has held his
holding for more than fifty years preceding the’ date of this Regulation
without paying michavaram and other dues or without taking any re¬
newal within the said period of fifty years.
The provisions of this Regulation shall not apply to. any right
declared, established or already acquired by jenmis or kudiyans at the
date this Regulation comes into force.
Explanation. If any time for redumption has been specially pro¬
vided for, the fifty years shall be calculated from the date on which the
stipulated time expires.
f 45. When the jenmi and the kudiyan cannot agree as to the ap¬
portionment as between them of the compensation
Apportionment of money awarded or awardable on the acquisition,
onUnd^oqSsitton1!65, unc*er *he Land Acpuisition Regulation, of any land
or portion of land comprised in any holding, the
portion due to each shall be determined in accordance with the
following rules:—
(а) so much of the compensation money as is due to any buildings
shall belong entirely to the kudiyan ;
(б) the balance left after deducting the portion of compensation
money referred to in rule (a) shall belong to the jenmi and the kudiyan
in the proportion of the jenmikaram charged or chargeable on the land
or portion of land and the average annual net produce of the land or
portion of land, as the case may be ;
Provided that if the capitalised value of the jenmikaram is smaller
than such share of the jenmi the capitalised value alone shall belong
to the jenmi and all the rest shall belong to the kudiyan.
Explanations:—
(1) The capitalised value of any jenmikaram means an amount
equal to sixteen and two-third times the amount of the jenmikarm.
(2) ‘Net produce’ means the surplus remaining after deducting
from the gross produce of any land a portion equivalent in value to the
cost of cultivation and the Sirkar tax and cesses, if any, and the jenmi¬
karam chargeable on such land and includes the value of such surplus,
(3) ‘Average annual net produce’ means the net produce ascer¬
tained as derivable on an average for one year, by calculation of the
*As amended Begul&tion XII of It08.
f Sections 45-47 added by Regulation XIX o£ 1108,
 577
net produce for each year during a period of ten years immediately
preceding the date of such ascertainment.
(4) When a portion alone of a land is acquired the portion of
jenmikaram chargeable on that land shall be ascertained as if the land
had been divided: and the jenmikaram of the portion of land acquired
shall cease to be payable to the jenmi or to Our Government.
46 (1) Subject to the provisions of this Regulation, Our Govern¬
ment may from time to time fix the rates for the
GovommcBt to fix commutation into money of paddy or other com-
wlWo^o^'oommitteBs1 m°dities for the purposes of this Regulation and
notify the same m Our Government Gazette, and
the rates so fixed shall be the rates for commutation for the purposes of
this Regulation,
Explanation 1.—The rates may be uniform for the whole State or
for all purposes or may vary.
Explanation 2.—The power to fix rates includes the power to
revise rates already fixed.
(2) In fixing the rates, Our Government shall be guided by such
rules as may be passed by Our Government after previous publication.
(3) Such rules shall, inter alia, provide for the appointment of a
committee to advise Our Government as to the rates to be fixed under
this Section, The Committee shall.consist of five members, two to re¬
present the jenmi interests, two to represent the kudiyan interests and
one, an official, to be the chairman, and shall follow such procedure
as may be prescribed.
Explanation —The Committee may be a single committee foi the
whole State or there may be different committees for different places.
47. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the First Schedule
annexed to the Travancore Limitation Regulation,
fo^'^ntfesram121103 no 8U^ ^or an.V arrear jenmikaram or the interest
0 i due thereon shall be entertained by any civil court
unless instituted Within six years from the date of the jenmikaram be¬
coming an arrear:
Provided however that suits for jenmikaram which are barred by
reason alone of the above provision on the date of the commencement o
the Amendment Regulation may be instituted within two years from that
date.
(2) The explanation to Article 119 of the First Schedule to the
Travancore Limitation Regulation shall be deemed to stand repealed.
 578
PROCLAMATION.
By His Highness the Maha Rajah of Tracancore, issued under
date the 13th Vrischigom 1074, corresponding to the 27th
November 1898.
Whereas it is necessary to regulate the erection and use of new
places of public worship; We are pleased to declare as follows.
1. This Proclamation shall come into force on the 1st Makaram
1074.
2. Proclamation dated 23rd Makaram 1004 is hereby repealed.
3. “Place of public worship" means a place of public worship as
explained in Section 162 of the Travancore Penal Code (Regulation
1 of 1074.)
4. No place of public worship shall be newly erected nor any ex¬
isting building'be converted into a place of public worship without the
permission of Our Government in writing.
5. Every application for permission to build a place of public
worship or to use an existing building as a place of public worship
should be made in the Form A hereunto annexed and presented in
person or by a duly authorised agent to the Dewan Peishkar of the
Division within which the site on which it is intended to erect such
place of worship or the building to be converted into a place of public
worship, is situated.
6. Immediately on receipt of such application, the Dewan Peishkar
shall issue a Notification in the Form B hereunto annexed, copies
thereof shall be affixed in a conspicuous part of the Proverthy and
Division Cutcherries and also be published by beat of tom-tom in the
village or proverthy in which the site or building is situated, calling
upon those who may have any objection to the grant of the application,
to appear before him, or if expressly so ordered in the Notification,
before the local Tahsildar, within a week from the date of the publica¬
tion of the Notification and file their objection if any, in writing.
Objections received after this period will on no account be entertained.
Should no objections be filed within the date fixed, the records should
forthwith be forwarded by the Tahsildar to the Dewan Peishkar and
by the Dewan Peishkar to the Dewan within 30 days at the latest from
the date of the receipt of the application.
7. When objections shall have been entered, a day shall be fixed not
later than 10 days from the date of the receipt of such objections, for
hearing the same. The applicant and objectors shall be required to
appear on that day either before the Tahsildar or the Dewan Peishkar.
If a local enquiry would facilitate speedy disposal, it shall be the duty
of the enquiring officer to make such local enquiry in presence of both
 579
parties or such of them as may appear within the said time. In cases
where the objections are. heard or local enquiry is held by the Tahsil-
dar, he shall submit the necessary papers to the Dewan Peishkar with
his opinion so as to reach him without fail within one month from the
date of the receipt of the application. The Dewan Peishkar shall
submit to Government the application and the records of enquiry made,
if any, with his opinion so as to reach the Dewan at the latest within
45 days from the date of the receipt of the application.
8. The Dewan shall communication to the applicant the decision of
Government and in case of refusal the reasons for the same. If within
r90f days from the date of the presentation of the application to
the Dewan Peishkar, the applicant receives no order either refusing or
granting the permission solicited, he shall, notwithstanding anything said
in para 4, be at liberty to proceed to erect the place of worship or to
use it as such.
FORM A.
Application for permission to build a place of public
WORSHIP OB TO USE AN EXISTING BUILDING AS SUCH
PLACE.

Name of the applicant and bis full address. j 1

The Survey number of the land, the boundaries,

the name of the proverthy and taluk and Division
within which such site or building is. 2

Name of the community for whose benefit the proposed

place of worship is intended. 3

Whether any cemetery will be attached to the place

and if so a separate description of the place where
it will be. 4

Names of all places of public worship existing within half

a mile of the proposed site or building. 5

•Substituted by Proclamation d»ted 3rd Ncvonber 1910

 580

1
Whether any religious procession passes by or in
the vicinity of the intended place of worship and the
distance between the proposed place of worship and
the route ol the procession- 6

If the community to which the applicant belongs has in

the place a public place of worship the reasons for
creating the proposed place of public worship. 7

Remarks.
l 8

FORM B.

It is hereby notified that the Dewan Peishkar or Tahsildar of

will receive on or before .;.

any objection which any person or body of persons may have to the
grant of the following application.

(Here enter the application.)

 581

Regulation III of 1079. *

HINDU RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS REGULATION.

S ectiom.
1. Short title and commencement.
2. Local extent.
3. Interpretation clause.
“Hindu Religious Endowments"
“Trustee”
4. Power of the Dewan to call upon trustees of endowments to
submit periodical accounts, lists of properties, etc., and power
of officer deputed to require them to furnish records or in¬
formation, or to assist in his examination of accounts, etc.
5. Cases where Sirkar may assume management, or superintend
the management of endowments.
6. Enquiry and report of condition of endowment preliminary to
assumption or exercising superintendence in the. management.
7. Procedure like Regulation VI of 1073.
8. Assumed institutions to be managed like Sirkar institutions of
the same class.
9. Removal of trustee and appointment of another member of the
same family, if trusteeship is hereditary. Proviso.
10. Administration of endowment by Officers or committees.
1 I. The Dewan to make Rules for the constitution and conduct
of committees.
12. The Dewan to make Rules for regulating election.
13. The Dewan may restore to donors or trustees endowments
once assumed.
14. Expenses how to be met.
15. The Dewan to direct collection of rents, etc., of trusts.
Proviso
16. The Dewan to frame Rules for carrying out this Regulation.
17. Members of committee, etc., not liable for damages.
Proviso.
18. Managers authorised to sue and be sued,
19. Section 511 of the Civil Procedure Code to apply to these
endowments.

*Amended by Itegnlationo VI c£ 1018 and III o{ 1092.

Hindu Religious Endowments In Travancore. passed by His Highness
the Maha Rajah of Travancore, on the 13th beeettiber 1903 corresponding
with the 98th Vrischigom 1079 under section 13 of Regulation Vof 1073.
Whereas it is expedient to provide for the better administration
of certain Hindu Religious Endowments in
Preamble Travancore;
t is hereby enacted as follows;
in shall be called “ The Hindu Religious Endow¬
ments Regulation of 1079, ” and shall come
into force on the first day of Makaram 1079,

Looul extant. 2. It extends to the whole of Travancore.

3. In this Regulation, unless there be something
oiaa80elpfCtatlOn repugnant in the subject or context,

“ Hindu Religious Endowments ” shall mean and include:

(a) Every Hindu temple or shrine or other religious endowment
dedicated to, or used as of right by, the Hindu
Endowme'nts 6"5'10"8
community or any section thereof and;

(,b) Every other Hindu endowment or foundation, by

whatever local designation known, and property endowments
and offerings connected therewith, whether applied wholly to
religious purposes or partly to religious and partly' to charitable or other
purposes, and every express or constructive trust by which property or
money is vested in the hands of any person or persons for such purposes;
[but shall not include any Hindu religious institution under the
. sole management of a single family or single person
in virtue of hereditary succession : provided that,
where th§ management of a religious endowment has passed into the
hands of several branches by division among the members of the original
family, the endowment may nevertheless be considered as being in the
management of a single family for the purpose of this Regulation.]*

“ Trusteeshall mean the person or persons in whom the admi-

“Trustoa „ nistration of the affairs of a religious endowment is
vested in trust or holding any property in trust
therefor, by whatever designation such person or persons may be known.
 583

4. [It shall be competent to Our Dewan, by a notice, to call upon

the trust* ;es or managers of any endowment falling
call^poV trustee” of under the definition in Section 3, to submit periodi-
endowmenis to submit cally accounts of income and expenditure, or lists
periodiosi accounts, 0f properties, jewels, vessels, furniture, or other
and V'Wor>C|'f1 offi"-ci things belonging to the endowmenis under their
deputed to reqniro charge, or depute any officer to examine and verify
then) to furnish records the same.
assis^hrhh'oxamina' h shall also be competent to the officer so de-.
tiou of accomf s etc. puted to call upon the trustees and managers, by a
notice, to furnish him with all the accounts or other
records or information he may require for the purpose of examination
and verification and also to assist him in the examination of accounts and
movable property.
The notice shall be served in the manner prescribed by the Code
of Civil Procedure for the service of summonses.
Where the officer deputed under this Section finds that any mov¬
ables are likely to be removed or misappropriated, he shall make an
immediate report to the Dewan, taking such steps for their temporary
safe custody as may be necessary. On receipt of such report, the
Qewan may, after hearing the parties concerned, pass such orders as he
may think proper.
Any trustee or manager who wilfully or contumaciously disobeys
'any order passed by the Dewan or any notice issued under this Section,
shall be liable to a fine not exceeding rupees fifty for each act of dis¬
obedience and to dismissal if he is found guilty of three such acts of
disobedience. The fines imposd under this Section may be recovered
as arrears of public revenue.]

C»se» whore sirkar endowments in the cases following ;—

may assume menage- (a) On the application and at the request of a
ment, or superintend- majority consisting of not less than two-thirds of
ondowment?1”0114 °* the trustees, or of the donors in cases where the
donors have reserved to themselves the power of
appointing and dismissing trustees ;
, (b) On the refusal of the trustees to continue in the trusteeship
or on their own-admission of incapacity to continue in the trust-manage-

(c) In cases where the Sirkar has the right to take part in the
management by appointment of certain officers or servants according to
existing usages, if the trustees have failed to carry on their duties pro¬
perly and in the best interests of the institution; and
* Substituted by Begulation Vr of 1088,
 (d) In cases where the Sirkar has succeeded to the right of
management, in part, by reason of escheat of trustees, if the remaining
trustees have failed to carry on their duties properly and in the best
interests of the institution.
Explanation to (a).—The word “donors1' includes the legal
representatives of the donors.
II. In the cases of institutions not falling under clause I, the Sirkar
may exercise such superintendence in the management over them as to
best fulfil the objects of the trust, if the trustees have failed to carry on
their duties properly and in the best interests of the institution.
6. Before assuming or exercising superintendence in the management
of any Hindu religious endowment under the pro¬
of oonditiouof endow- vi5'0QS °f this Regulation, Our Dewan shall require
mont preliminary to any officer not inferior in rank to that of a Dewan
aBnumption or exorois- Peishkar to enquire into the affairs of such endow-
the mXa^m”urCe m ment and to submit a full report. If, on such
°: " report, and after hearing the parties interested or
affected, Our Dewan be satisfied that a condition precedent as set forth
in Section 5 exists, he may pass such order for assumption or superin¬
tendence as enabled by that section. The order passed shall be notified
in the Gazette. From the lapse of eight weeks from the date of such
notification, the Dewan may carry out the order in such manner as
seems best in the circumstances of each case, and make arrangements
for the proper management of the endowment, subject to the provisions
of this Regulation ; Provided that no order involving assumption by the
Sirkar of the management of any institution under this section shall be
passed except with Our previous sanction.
7. Enquiries under, section 6 of this Regulation shall be conducted
p in the presence of the parties interested in such
gulation VI atwiiT enqnhy 01" their authorised agents.and the officers
holding such enquiry shall have the same powers as
an officer holding a formal departmental enquiry under Regulation VI
of 1073.
8. In cases where the Sirkar assumes the management, the institu¬
tion shall be managed in the same manner as Sirkar
t ^saumtione institutions of the same class, subject to the pro-
Strk« institutions1 of visions of any scheme, canons or usages, if anjq
the same class. established by the founder or founders.
9. Where the Sirkar exercises the power of superintendence over
Removal of trustee institutions referred to in clause 11 of section 5, it
ami appointment of may, if satisfied that the removal or dismissal of a
. another momber .f fhe trustee or trustees is necessary in the best interests
BhipeiaabOTeditaryStee" °i ‘he institution, remove such trustee or trustees,
and where such trusteeship is hereditary, shall
 585

appoint a competent adult male member of the family in which such

trusteeship is hereditarily vested, and, in other cases, shall make the
appointment in consonance with the scheme of management, i£ any,
existing-in such institution or the usages of such institution.
Provided that, where no competent adult male member of the
family is available, the Dewan may, with Our
Proviso.- sanction, appoint a proper person to be trustee.

10. For the effective superintendence of endowments referred to in

clause 11 of section 5 of this Regulation, the
t Administration of Dewan may, with Our sanction, either appoint
nritteer8™ ” Mro" officers or a committee, consisting of officials and
non-officials.

11. Thte Dewan may, with our sanction, from time to time pass
rules regulating the constitution and the duties of
The-Dowari to makecommittees, the qualifications of members and other
tion and conduct1 of such matters connected therewith,
committees.
12/ In cases where the trusteeship is conferred by election, the
t k Oewan may, with Our sanction, pass rules regu-
rntek6 forWarDegnlating latln§ such election,
election.
13. The Dewan may, with Our sanction, withdraw from the-
management or superintendence of any endowment
The- Dewan may assumed under this Regulation and restore the
trustees--Endowments same to fhe original donors or trustees or-- their
onoo assumed. representatives, if he is satisfied that such a measure
is desirable in the interests of the institution, sub-
jeet to such: conditions as he may deem fit to prescribe at the time of
restoration..

14. ; AIFexpenses which may have to be incurred by the Sirkar in

carrying out the provisions of this Regulation may
b/ne™868 h°W t0 ke defrayed 'out of the funds of the institutions
concerned according to rules to be made, from
time tb time, by the Dewan, with Our sanction.

15‘1: The Dewan may, with Our sanction, direct that the rents and
other dues of any [Hindu religious endowment] (a)
the'eofection /'rents
be c°H®ctecl as arrears of public revenue under
etc., of trusts. the provisions of the Revenue Recovery Regulation
(I of 1068) :t

(o) Substituted ,by Regulation III of 1092.

 586

Provided—
(a) that, in the case of endowments assumed by the Sirkar
[whether before or] (a) under this Regulation, the
Provis0- rent-roll is settled and the liability of each tenant
is definitely recorded, after due enquiry, by an [officer appointed by the
Sirkar, and
(b) that, in the case of other endowments, there are written
agreements between the institutions and the tenants fixing the amount
of rent and other dues, or the claim to the rent or other due* is admit¬
ted by the tenant or established by the decision of a competent Civil
Court.
16. It shall be competent to Our Dewan to prescribe the necessary
forms for accounts, statements and returns to be
The Dewan to frame submitted by trustees, officers or committees under
this Ee>'al»tion111S °nt ^is Regulation, and, with Our sancton, to frame
1 18 c u 10 rules from time to time for the carrying out of the
purposes of this Regulation, and they shall be published in the Govern¬
ment Gazette and shall have the force of law.
17. No action for damages shall lie against the Sirkar or any of its
officers, or any of the members of the committee
Membsra of ooiu- appointed under this Regulation, or against any
fordairage’s1104 Person act>ng under, or in pursuance of, the autho¬
rity conferred by this Regulation, for any act bona
fide done or ordered to be done under this Regulation :
Proviso. Provided that this section shall not bar the institution
by any person of any suit for ,the establishment or declaration of any
right affected by any act or order done or passed under this Regulation.
18. All endowments falling under this Regulation shall be treated
as corporation sole and shall sue and be sued in the
Managers authorised
name of the actual manager thereof, known as
< <sae »nd be sued- Samudayam, Manushyam, Adhigari or by any other
name, whether or not such manager has the power
of ehtering into contracts binding the endowment.
19. Nothing* in this Regulation shall be taken as in any manner
Seotion 5n of the affecting the provisions of section 511 of the Civil
Civil Procedure Code Procedure Code (Regulation II of 1065), or the
dowmeutB ° the86 e”' any> possessed or enjoyed by any person to
owmeu b. share in the ihcome of an endowment.

(«) Inserted by Regulation III of 1092,

 587

(1)
Rules under SegtioniI4 or the Hindu Religious
Endowment Regulation III or 1079, passed
by the Government under date the
14th February 1918.
3rd Kumbham 1093.
[No. D. 786 dated 22-2-1918.]
1, The Expenses referred to in Section 14 of Regulation III of
1079 shall include the following
( a) The pay or allowance or both of the officer deputed under
Section 4 and of his staff, if any, to examine or verify the accounts of
income and expenditure, lists of properties, jewels, vessels, furniture or
other things belonging to the endowment, or the allowance or honor¬
arium of the officer or committee appointed under Section 10 to exercise
superintendence in the management of the endowment, as well as any
contingent expenses which may be incurred by those officers or com¬
mittee in the due discharge of their special work.
(b) Fxpenses which may be incurred by the officer deputed
under Section 4 for the temporary safe custody of the movables belongs
ing to the endowment, when there are reasonable grounds for believing
that those movables are likely to be removed or misappropriated by the
trustees or the managers.
(c) Expenses which may be incurred in the collection of rents
or other dues of the endowments.
(d) Such other expenditure not included in clauses (a) to (c),
but which may be found to be reasonably necessary during the course
of the working of the Regulation.
2. The -expenditure referred to in Clauses (a), (b) and (d) of
Rule I relates to endowments whose management has not been assumed
by Government. In these cases, the officer deputed under Section 4 of
the Regulation shall, if he is a gazetted officer, incur the expenditure
after obtaining the previous approval of the Dewan Peishkar for all
ordinary expenses. For emergent petty expanses, the officer so deputed
shall be given a permanent advance or imprest, with the previous
sanction of Government. In case where the officer so deputed is not a
gazetted officer, a statement of expenditure to be incurred by him should
be sent by him to the Dewan Peishkar, for approval, through the
Tahsildar of the taluk. The Tahsildar shall, thereupon, make the
payment by drawing the amount from the Treasury and charge the same
to the head of “'Advances recoverable” in the State account;, A
 588

detailed statement of expenditure with vouchers should be forwarded

by the officer incurring the charges to the Dewan Peishkar of the
Division.
3. The Peishkar shall, thereupon direct the Tahsildar to issue
notices to the trustee or trustees calling upon them to pay up the amount
so expended, within a month from the date of receipt of the notice.
4. If the amount is not paid within the period, it shall be recovered
from the funds of the Devaswoms concerned as arrears of public
revenue, under the provisions of the Revenue Recovery Regulation, I
of 1068. ■
5. The expenditure referred to in Clause (c) of Rule I relates.to
endowments whose management has been assumed by Government.
In these cases, the expenditure shall be met by the Tahsildar of the
taluk out of the Personal Deposit amount to the credit of the Devaswom.
6. The accounts of expenditure incurred under this Regulation
shall be entered in a separate book to be maintained for the purpose by
the officers or committee deputed or appointed for the purpose. This
book shall be examined by the Tahsildar and the Dewan Peishkar
during their tours.
7. The expenditure incurred under this Regulation should Ebe care¬
fully scrutinised by the Tahsildar and the datter should satisfy himself
that each item is reasonable and is required to meet the actual require¬
ments.
8. These Rules shall take effect from the 1st Medom 1093.

(2)
(No. D. 431 2,'dated 31 October 1914.)
Rules framed under Section 16 of the Hindu Religious Endowments
Regulation, 111 of 1079, for the superintendence in the management of
!the Thirunavaikulam Devaswom in the Chirayinkil Taluk. -
; 1. The. Akavoor Nambooripad who is the Samudyam of the Deva¬
swom shall submit to the Government for sanction annually, through the
Tahsildar of the Chirayinkil Taluk, a budget of receipts and expenditure
of the Devaswom three months before the dose of the year to which.'the
budget relates. The budget for the year 1090 should be submitted at

'2. The said Nambooripad shall act in only accordance with the
bildget sanctioned by the Government and shall be responsible for "the
proper conduct of all the ceremonies of the Devaswom.
3. The said Nambooripad shall, with the first budget,, furnish the
Government with a full statement of the Pathivus of the Devaswom in
he Forms prescribed by the Government,
 589

•A. .The said fNambooripad shall render quarterly accounts of the

receipts ..and expenditure of the Devaswom to the Tahsildar of the
Ghirayinkii .Taluk, or a higher authority that may be appointed by the
Government. for the purpose.
•5. ;The said Nambooripad shall allow the Tahsildar of the
Chirayinkil .Taluk or such other Officer as the Division Peishkar may
dppute all reasonable access to the Devaswom records, accounts and
returns, so as to enable the Government to exercise an efficient scrutiny
over them.
Jo. The said Nambooripad shall allow all the jewels, vessels and-
Cither, valuable articles belong to the Devaswom, to be duly listed and
subh ©Lthe-'jewels, as are not needed for constant use, to be deposited
in the Taluk Treasury or such other place as the Government may fix,
fort-safe custody.
■ 7. The said Nambooripad shall submit, at once to Government a
complete list of all the landed properties belonging to the Devaswom,
showing the Taluks in which they are situated, their survey numbers,
their extent, their tenures, the name of the present occupants, their Pattom
and the nature of their holding.
*!8. The said1 Nambooripad shall submit a list of arrears due up to
date on the Devaswom lands by way of Pattom, etc.
9. The Tahsildar of the Chirayinkil Taluk shall inspect the Devas¬
wom, from time to time, not less than once in a quarter, and submit a
special report to the Government through the Peishkar.
(T. G. G., dated 10-11-1914, Pt. I. P. 3891.)

No. D. 2121, dated 3rd July 1917.

The following Rules > for exercising superintendence over the
management of the Palakattumalai Devaswom in the Muvattupuzha Taluk
are passed.by the Government under Section 16 of the Hindu Religious
Endowments Regulation, III of 1079, under date the 20th June 1917
corresponding, to the 7th.Mithunom 1092: —
1. The Tahsildar shall, under the orders of the Dewan Peishkar,
exercise superintendence over the management of the temple as well as
the properties, both movable and immovable, belonging to it as contem¬
plated in'Clause 2 of Section 5 of the Regulation.
.2. The trustees of the temple shall appoint any competent person, as
the manager of the temple and its properties, and shall intimate to the .
TaWildar the name of the person so appointed.
3. The manager shall be responsible for the satisfactory management
of die affairs of the temple and its properties.
 590

4 !(, at any time, the Tahsiidar is of opinion that the affairs of the
temple and its properties are not satisfactorily attended to by the manager,
or that h:s continuance in the Office is detrimental to the interests of the
institution, he shall, with the sanction of the Dewan Peishkar, require
ve the manager at once and appoint a proper substitute.
5. The it ss and the manager shall promptly and fully carry o
all the instructions ns given by the th _ Tahsiidar in connection with tl
management of ihe institution and its properties.
6. The manger shall maintain the following Registers;
(A) 'ii Register of landed properties belonging to the Devaswom
giving the name of the Taluk and Pakuthy in which the properties are
situated, survey number, tenure, areas whether dry or wet and the
Settlement Pattom.
rii) A subsidiary Register showing whether such properties
are in the direct enjoyment of the Devaswom or whether they are let on
lease. In the case of the name of the tenant, the period of the
lease, the amount of Pattom or Michavarom due, and the date of the
expiry of the lease, should also be shown.
(iiil Register of jewels, both in silver and gold, with their
weight, Mattu (- ■'»“), the number and name of the precious stones,
if any, set in them, the estimated price, etc.,
liv Register of vessels, jars, etc.
(v) Register of silks and other cloths
(B) He shall also maintain accounts showing
(i) the daily receipts and expenditure, both in money and paddy
(it) the amount of arrears of revenue, both in money and in
paddy, due to the Devaswom, with the names of the defaulters and the
amounts due from each defaulter,
(iii) the liabilities, if any, of the Devaswom with full
particulars,
(iv) the scale of Pathivus for Nitliianidanam, etc., to be fixed
in conformity with the existing scale and the income of the Devaswom:.
and
(v) the particulars of properties belonging to the Devaswom,
Whose term of lease has expired, but has not been renewed.
(C) Any other Registers or accounts which may be prescribed by
the Tahsiidar with the approval of, or under the orders of the Dewan
Peishkar, shall also be maintained by the manager.
7. It shall be the duly of the manager
'a) to arrange for the daily poojas (Nithianidanm) as well as the
monthly and annual ceremonies (Masavisesham and Attavisesham)
being performed punctually and regularly and according to the pathivu;
. (b) to collect promptly and regularly the revenues, both current
and arrears, due to the Devaswom on account of Pattom and Michavarom
 591

(c) to take prompt and substained steps for renewal of leases in

respect of fthe properties referred to in clause (v) of Section 6 of these

Cd) to maintain in good state all the buildings belonging to the

(e) to account for the receipts and expenditure as well as the

jewels, vessels, jars, cloths, etc., entrusted to him; and
{)) generally to take all steps and to make all arrangements for
the efficient and satisfactory management of the affairs of the temple and
the properties belonging to it
8. The manager shall deposit as security, an amount which shall be
fixed by the Tahsildar with the approval of the Dewan Peishkar.
9. The jewels, except those which are required lor daily use, shal^
be under double lock, one key of which shall be with the manager and
the other with any one of the trustees who may be selected by the other
trustees. The name of the trustee so selected shall be communicated to
the Tahsildar.
10. It shall be the duty of the Tahsildar to closely superintend the
management of the affairs of the temple and its properties with a view to
safeguard their interests. He shall inspect the temple at least once a
quarter and examine the accounts and registers, the jewels, vessels and
other movables in the temple. A report embodying the result of his
inspection and examination shall be "submitted to the Dewan Peishkar,
who shall take such action thereon as he may deem necessary.
11. The Tahsildar may also depute a subordinate under him, not
below the rank of a Proverthikar, to -make such inspection and exami¬
nation at any time and report to him about the management of the affairs
of the temple, the administration of its landed properties or the collection
of revenue. ' ■
12. All facilities shall be afforded by both the manager and the
trustees for the inspection and examination referred to in the fast two
preceding Sections.
. 13. If any trustee or trustees wilfully omit to carr y out any instruc¬
tion given by the Tahsildar in the exercise of the superintendence, of
put forth obstructions in the way of such superintendence, action shall
be taken Under Section 9 of the Regulation for the removal of such
trustee or trustees from the trusteeship.
14. There shall lie an appeal from orders passed or action taken by
tHe Tahsildar under these Rules to the Division Peishkar and similarly
from the Division Peishkar to the Dewan. [T. G. G,, dated 10-7-1917,
Pt. I, Pp. 755-756.]
 Regulation III of 1080.

PUBLIC ACCOUNTS REGULATION-

Contents.

Preamble.
Sections.
1. ‘Public Accountant' defined.
2. Statement of particulars of claim to be drawn up by Dewan
Peishkar or other head of Department.1
Demand by Division Peishkar to be in writing.
Form of service of demand-
Enquiry and decision by Division Peishkar.
3. Realisation of money and 'recovery of securities etc., from
Public Accountant.
4. Arrest and confinement of Public Accountant.
Limit of confinement.
5- Seizure and attachment of property of Public Accountant.
No seizure or attachment if Public Accountant satisfies claim
or gives security.
6. Saving of rights to use Limitation.

A Regulation to present loss to Government by the default

or misconduct of Public Accountants, passed by His Highness
the Maha Raja of Travancore on the 28th July. 1905 corresponding
With the 13th Karkadagom 1080, under section 13 of Regulation V of
1073.
Whereas it is expedient to prevent loss ^to Covernmenlibyihe
default or misconduct of Public Accounts; .We are pleased to enact.as
follows:—
1. Every person is a “Public Accountant” within the meaning of
this Regulation who, by reason of being employed
‘Public AcMwinam’ in the service of Our Government, is entrusted With
'’!;'iutdl the receipt, custody or control of any moneys or
securities for money, documents, of other property belonging to Govern¬
ment or who, in his capacity as a Government servant,1 is1 entrusted1 with
the receipt, custody or control of any moneys or securities1 for ■ money;
documents or other property belonging to any personW persons >or<te
any institution.
 593

2. Whenever i; appears to a Division Peishkar or other Head of a

Department in which a public Accountant is or was
Statement, uf parti- serving that Our Government have a claim on such
drawn np br'nivUion Public Accountant .for moneys, securities for
Peishkar or other money, documents or other property, he shall draw
Head of Department Up a s{a;ement of the particulars of the said claim,
and, if he is not a Division Peishkar, may send the
statement to the Division Peishkar in whose jurisdiction such Accoun¬
tant is or was employed.
The Division Peishkar when he has himself recorded a statement
as aforesaid may, and on receipt of such statement
Demand by Divisionfrom any other Head of a Department shall, by
writhi?1 l° 1)0 U1 writing under his official seal and signature, require
° the moneys, securities for money, documents or
Form of service ofother property, to be delivered either immedia’ely
demand■ to the person bearing the said writing or to .such
other person on such date and at such place as the
writing may specify. Such notice of demand may be served on the
Public Accountant in the same manner as a summons is served on a
defendant under the Civil Procedure Code.
if the said Public Accountant does not satisfy the demand, but
appears and objects to the claim wholly or in part,
Enquiry amt decis- the Division Peishkar shall enquire into the objec-
ioa by Division Peish- tjon ancJ record a decision.
3. If the Public Accountant does not object to the claim and does
not satisfy the demand, or if, after the Division
Healisation of mn- Peishkar has enquired into his objection and passed
a decision that there is a claim against him, he
Public Accountant, does not satisfy the claim (as set forth in such deci¬
sion, the Division Peishkar may, either by himself
or through the Division Peishkar in whose jurisdiction such Public
Accountant resides or owns property, take proceedings to realise the
moneys or value of property due by such Public Accountant in the same
manner as arrears of land revenue, and for the purpose of recovering
securities for money, documents or other property, may issue a
search-warrant and exercise all such powers with respect thereto as may
be lawfully exercised by a Magistrate under the provisions of the Cri¬
minal Procedure Code.
4. Whenever the moneys, securities for money, documents or other
property due from such Public Accountant cannot
Anest and confine- be realised or recovered as aforesaid and the
ooTntaut. U,lhC Division Peishkar shall have reason to believe that
the Public Accountant is wilfully withholding
 594

payment of the suits due or production of the securities for money, doeu-
mei's or other property, or has been guilty of fraudulent conduct in
order to evade realisation cr recovery of the same, it shall be lawful for
the Division Peishkar to cause the arrest and imprisonment of the Public
Accountant in the Civil Jail til! he discharges the sums or delivers up
the securities for money, documents or other property demanded from
him.
Provided that no person shall be detained in confinement under
Limit of confine- this section for a longer period than one calendar
in put • month.
5 Whenever a Division Peishkar acting under para 2 of section 2
has reason to believe that there is an attempt to
Sfiznnaml attach-
conceal, destroy, or otherwise dispose of any
PchUo'k"-uuutaut °f securities for money, documents orj other property
l u " whatsoever liable to attachment or seizure under
section 3, or to defeat any proceedings under this Regulation, he may
after recording his reason, issue, pending the result of any enquiry under
section 2, a warrant for the immediate seizure of any securities for
money, documents or other property due from the Public Accountant
concerned, or for tbe immediate attachment of the movable and im¬
movable property of such Public Accountant towards the realization of
any sums which may appear to be due from him.

Provided that no such seizure or attachment shall take place or

No seizure or attach- continue if the Public Accountant satisfies the
ment if Public Ac- claim as set forth in a statement of particulars of
chiim^or "ive^se. claim which shall always accompany the warrant,
ofirity. & or gives sufficient security therefor.
6. Nothing in this Regulation shall be held to prevent any parties
deeming(fhemselves aggrieved by any order passed
^Saving of nghts to or proceedings taken under this Regulation from
suing the Government in the Civil Courts.
Provided that such suits shall be preferred within six months from
Limitation, the time at which the cause of action arose.
 595

Regulation II of 1082.

CHARITABLE ENDOWMENTS REGULATION

Contents.
Preamble.
5 erfions,
I. Short title, local extent and commencement.
II. Definition
“charitable purpose.”
III. Appointment and incorporation of Treasurer of Charitable
Endowments.
IV. Orders vesting properly in Treasurer.
V. Schemes for administration of property vested in the Tre-

VI. Mode of applying for vesting orders and schemes,

VII. Bare trustee ship of Treasurer.
VIII. Annual publication of list of properties vested in the Tre-

IX. Limitation of functions and powers of Treasurer.

X. Provision for continuance of office of Treasurer in certain
contingencies.
XI. Power to frame Forms and make Rules.
XII. Indemnity to government and the Treasurer.
XIII, Section 51 I of the C. P. C. to apply to these endowments

A Regulation to provide for the Vesting and Ad¬

ministration of Property held in trust for chf i;e
purposes passed by His Highness the; Maharajo of Tra-
vancore on the 1st October 1906 corresponding with the 15lh i-,armi
1082, under Section 13 of Regulation V of 1073.
Whereas it is expedient to provide for the vesting and adminis ra¬
tion of property held in trust for charitable pur-
Preamblo . poses ; It is hereby enacted as follows :
Short title, local ex- I. (1) This Regulation may be called‘‘The
ment.a'nd oom'nollcw‘ Charitable Endowments Regulation II of 1062
it. E.”
(2) It extends to the whole of Travancore; and
(3) It shall come into force on the first day of Makaram ] 082
 596

II. In this Regulation, ‘Charitable purpose” includes relief of the

poor, education, medical relief and the advance-
Definition. ment 0f any other object of general public utility,
f'“r‘ but does not include a purpose which relates either
p s0, wholly or in part to religious teaching or worship.
Appointment anil HI. (|) The Dewan may, with Our sanction,
inoorpin-atmn of Tro- appoint an officer 0f Our Government by the name
Endowments. ' of his office to the Treasurer of all Charitable En¬
dowment in Travancore,
(2) Such Treasurer shall, for the purposes of talking, holding and
transferring movable or immovable property under this Regulation be a
corporation sole by the name of the Treasure of Charitable Endow¬
ments for Travancore, and, as such Treasurer, shall have perpetual
succession and a corporate seal, and may sue and be sued in his cor¬
porate name.
IV. (1) Where any property is held or is to be applied in trust for
a charitable purpose, the Dewan, if he thinks fit on
Ordys pro- application made as hereinafter mentioned and sub-
' U’ ' 5 ' ject to. the other provisions of this section, may
order by notification in the Government Gazette, that the property be
vested in the Treasurer of Charitable Endowments on such terms as to
the application of the property or the income thereof, as may be agreed
on between him and the person or persons making the application, and
the property shall thereupon so vest according'y.
(2 When any property has vested under this section in a Tre¬
asurer of Charitable Endowments, he is entitled to all documents of
title rela'ing thereto.
(3) The Dewan shall not make an order under sub-section (1)
for the vesting in a Treasurer of Charitable Endowments of any securi¬
ties for money except the following, namely : —
(a) Promissory notes, debentures, stock and other securities of
the Government of India ;
(it Stock or debentures of, or shares in, Railway or other
companies, the in'erest whereon has been guaranteed by Our Govern¬
ment or. the Government of India or the Secretary of State for India in

(cl Immovable property within Travancore or any security

expressly authorised by any order which the Dewan may make in this
behalf.
(4) An order under this section vesting property in the Treasure-
of Charitable Endowments shall not require or be deemed to requirp
 597

him to administer the property, or impose or be deemed to impose

upon him the duty of a trustee with respect to 'the administration
thereof.
V, (1! On application made as hereinafter mentioned, and with the
concurrence of the person or persons making the
^Soliumss^for ailmin- application, the Detvan may, willi Our sanction,
vestfl";]0n° thifsettle a scheme for the administration of any pro-
urer. perty which has been or is to be vested in tbe
Treasurer, of Charitable Endowments, and may in
sucb scheme appoint, by name or office, any person or persons, not being
or including such Treasurer, to administer tbe property.
(2) On application made as hereinafter mentioned, and with the
concurrence of the person or persons making the application, the Dewan
may, with Our sanction, modify any scheme settled under this section
or substitute another scheme in its stead.
(3) A. scheme settled, modified or substituted under this section
shall, subject to the other provisions of this section, come into operation
on a day to be appointed by the Dewan in this behalf, and shall remain
in, force so Jong as the property to which it relates continues to be vested
in the Treasurer of Charitable Endowments or until it has been modified
or another sucb scheme has been substituted in its stead.
(4) Sucb a scheme, when it comes into operation shall supersede
any decree or direction relating to .the subject-matter thereof, insofar
as such decree or direction is in any way repugnant thereto, and its
validity shall not be questioned in any Court, nor shall any Court give,
in contravention of the provisions of the scheme or in any way contrary
or in addition thereto, a decree or direction regarding the administra¬
tion of the property to which the scheme relates.
(5) In the settlement of such a scheme effect shall be given to the
wishes of the author of the trust so far as they can be ascertained, and,
in the opinion of the Dewan, effect can be reasonably given to them.
(6) Where a scheme has been settled under this section for the
administration of property not already vested in tbe Treasure of Chari¬
table Endowments, it shall not come into operation until the property has
become so vested.
VI. (1) The application referred to in the two last foregoing sections
must be mad.e : —
°f app!y:ng (a) if the property is already held in trust for a
•chernls'*8 °rdets aacharitable purpose, then by tbe person acting in the
administration of the trust, or where there are more
persons than one ?o acting, then by those persons or a majority of them j
and
 598

(1) if the property is to be applied in trust tor such a purpose,

hen by the person or persons proposing so to apply it,
(2) For the purposes of this section the executor or administrator
or other legal representative of a deceased trustee of property held in
trust for a charitable purpose shall be deemed to be a person .acting in
the administration of the trust,
VII. (I) Subject to the provisions of this Regulation, the Treasurer
of Charitable Endowments shall not, as such
Trfa-1,1"1*1'~!’1''1' 01
Treasurer, act in the administration of any trust
whereof any of the propery is for the time being
vested in him under this Regulation
(2) Such Treasurer snail keep a separate account of each pro¬
perty for tie i hems so vested in so far as the property consists of
securities for money, and shall apply ihe property or the income thereof
in accorda ce i ipp on mJ i (hat behalf in the vesting order
under section IV. or the scheme. :.i any. under section V;
(3) In the case of anv nropertv so vested other than securities
for money, such Treasurer shall, subiect to any special erder which he
may receive from the authority by whose order the property became
vested in him, permit die persons acting in the administration of the trust
to have the possess'on, management and control of the property, and the
application of the income thereof, as if the property had been vested in
them.
VIII. I he 1 reasurer of Charitable Endowments shall cause to be
published in the Government Gazette, at such time
Annual piibuua.j' u
as ;blC Dewan may d red not less than once a year,
j ■ x ' a hsr °f all properties for the t me being vested in
him under this Regulation and an abstract of all
accounts kept by him under sub-section (2) of the last foregoing section.
IX. (1) The Treasurer of Charitable Endowments shall always be
a sole trustee, and shall net, as such Treasurer,
Limitation of lime- take or hold any property otherwise than under the
Tr'esunm l"" S ^ provisions, o( this Regulation, or, subject to-those
provisions, transfer any property ves’ed in him ex¬
cept in obedience to a decree divesting him of the property, or in com¬
pliance with a direction in that behalf issuing from the authority by
whose order the preperry became vested in him.
(2) Such a direction may require the Treasurer to sell or other¬
wise dispose of any property vested in him, and, with the sanction of the
authority issuing the direction, to invest the proceeds of the sale or other
disposal of the property in any such security for money as is mentioned
in sectionjj4, sub-sec'ion 3, clause (aj,(b) or (c).
 m
(3) When the Treasurer of Charitable Endowments is divested/
by a direction of the Dewan with Our sanction under this section, of
any property, it shall vest in the person or persons acting in the. adminis¬
tration thereof and he held by him or them on the same trusts as those
on which it was held by such Treasurer.
X. If the office held by an officer of the Government who has been'
appointed to be the Treasurer of Charitable Endow-*
Provision i'oi; conti-menis is abolished or its name changed, the Dewan,
Treasurt'”* in^rwtaiu our sanct'°n, may appoint the same or another
contingencies. officer of the Government by the name of his office
to be such Treasurer, and thereupon ihe holder o”f
the latter office shall be deemed for the purposes of this Regulation t o
be the successor in office of the holder of the former office.
XI. The Dewan, with our sanction, may frame forms for any pro¬
ceedings under this Regulation for which he con-
form"Ticl mal-o r'X"/ s*defs that forms should be provided and may make
such-rules consistent with this Regulation as he may
deem expedient for—
(a) prescribing the fees to be paid to Government m respect of
any property vested under this Regulation in the Treasurer of Charitable
Endowments;
(5) regulating the cases and mode in which schemes or any
modifications thereof are to be published before they are sealed or made
under Section- V;
(c) prescribing the forms in which accounts are to be kept by
the Treasurer of Charitable Endowments, and the mode in which 'such,
accounts are to be audited; and,
(d) generally carrying into effect the provisions of this Regula-

XII. No suit shall be instituted against the Government in respect

of anything done or purporting to be done under
emmentlmtsii(J0 ^the ^is Regulation, or in respect of any alleged neglect
Treasurer.' of omission to perform any duty devolving on the
• Government under this Regulation, or in respect of
the exercise of, or the failure to exercise, any power conferred by this
Regulation on the Government, nor shall any suit be instituted against
the Treasurer of Charitable Endowments except for divesting him of
property on the ground of its not being subject to a trust for a charitable
purpose, or for making him chargeable with or accountable for the loss
or misapplication ol any properly vested in him, or the income thereof,
where the loss or misapplication has been occasioned by or through hia-
wilful neglect or default.
 600

XIII. Nothing in this Regulation shall be taken as in any manner

Section 5lt of the Effecting the provisions of Section 51 1 of the Civil
Civil Procedure Code Procedure Code (Regulation 11 of 1065 M. e.)

Notification under Section III (l) of the Charitable Endowments

Regulation II of 1082.

Under sanction of His Highness the Maha Raja, the Officer in

charge of the Central Account and Audit Office, for the time being, of
the Government of His Highness the Maha Raja, is, appointed under
Section III (1) of the Charitable Endowments Regulation, II of 1082,
as the Treasurer of Charitable Endowments in Travancore under the
aforesaid regulation.
Huzur Cutcherry,' P. Rajagopalaciiaei,
Trivandrum, 3rd August 1912. Deuian.

Notification under Section XI of the Charitable Endowments

Regulation, II of 1082.
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section XI of the Charit¬
able Endowments Regulation, II of 1082, under sanction of His High¬
ness the Maha Raja the following forms are prescribed and the follow¬
ing rules are published.
1. It being the wish of the Government not to interfere, under the
Charitable Endowments Regulation, II of 1082, (hereinafter referred to
as the Regulation), in case of doubt, or dispute, and that the jurisdiction
of the Courts on such cases should be left unaffected by the Regulation,
the cases with which the Government will have to deal may be divided
into two classes, namely (1) cases of trusts whether already established
or proposed to be established, out of which it may be confidently pre¬
dicted that contention cannot arise ; and (2) cases out of which conten¬
tion may possibly arise, however remote or unlikely the contingency.
To the second class will belong most cases in which private persons
apply for a vesting order or a scheme or modification of a' scheme and
all cases in which it is proposed to depart in any respect from the ascer¬
tained wishes or presumable intentions of the founder of an endowment.
In cases belonging to the first class, previous publication of the proposed
vesting orders and of proposed schemes or modifications of schemes will
ordinarily be unnecessary; in cases belonging to the second class there
should ordinarily be previous publication of such documents.
 601

2. (i) When the Government, having regard to the last foregoing

rule, is of opinion that a proposed vesting order or
Mode, of previous proposed scheme or modification of a scheme should
orderrfnTof^ohejmes8 not be made or settled without previous publication,
it shall publish a draft of the proposed order,
scheme or modification, or a proper abstract thereof signed by the Chief
Secretary, for the information of persons likely to be affected thereby.
Cii) The publication should be made in the Government Gazette
and ip such other manner as the Government may prescribe.
(iii) There shall be published, with the draft or abstract, a
notice specifying a date at or after which the proposed order, scheme, or
modification will be taken into further consideration.
(iv) The Government shall consider any objection or suggestion
which it may receive from any person before such date, with respect to
the proponed order, scheme, or modification.
3. The cost of the previous publication under the last foregoing
rule of any proposed order, scheme or modification
Incideuce of oost of 0f a scheme, and any other costs incurred or to be
sohon\es°rderS ^ °f incurred in the making or settlemen t of the order or
of the scheme or modification, shall be paid by the
applicants for the order, scheme or modification, and if the Government
so direct, may be paid by them out of any money in their possession
pertaining to the trust to which their application relates.
.4, Ip .the 'case of property vested in a Treasurer of Charitable
Endowments other than securities for money, the
Amounts of trusts person acting in the administration of the trust, and
«bte projjrty imm0T‘ having under Section VII, sub-section (3) of the
Regulation, the possession, management, and cont¬
rol of the property and the application of the income thereof, shall, in
books to be kept by him, regularly enter or cause to be entered full and
true accounts of all moneys received and paid, respectively, on account
of the trust and shall, on the demand of the Government, submit annually
to such public servant as the Government may from time to time appoint
in this behalf, in such form and as such time as the Government may
from time time prescribe, an abstract of those accounts and such returns
as to other matters relating to the administration of the trust as the
Government may, from time to time see fit to require.
5. The actual, charges incurred by the Treasurer for purchase or
sale of securities and generally in the discharge of his functions ir.
respect of the property, shall be deducted by him from any money in his
hands on account of such endowment. If he holds no such moneys
the amount should be claimed from the administrators, j
 6oi
6- All copies of vesting orders.received by; the Treasurer will be
filed together and will be numbered in consecutive order of their
receipt; when a sufficient number has been received they will be bound
in valumes. A note will be made on each vesting order of any entries
in the registers prescribed below, relating to the property vesting in the
Treasurer under the order.
Accounts of securities for money.

7. On the receipt of any securities for money, or on their purchase

by himself, the Treasurer will record their ceceipt in a register in Form
No. 1. He will also keep a separate account for each endowment in
Form No. 4 in which he will record all receipts, including any amount
sent for investment, and all disbursements. In the cash account, the
Treasures will record only his own transactions (such as the payment
of the money to the administrators) not the transactions of the adminis¬
trators of the endowment fund.
8. The Treasurer will keep a record in the appropriate colums of
Form I of all securities returned by him. The return will also be
entered in From 4, where the amount returned will be deducted from
the capital of the endowment concerned.
9. The Treasurer will retain in his own custody all securities for
money and the title deeds of all properties other than securities for
money, vested in him. The Treasurer may convert Government of India
Pro-Notes held by him from any endowments into stock certificates.
Separate stock certificates shall however be held for the Government of
India Pro-Notes belonging to every endowment.
10. All cash receipts including interest on Savings Bank Deposits
and Government of India Pro-notes should be paid into the treasury by
the Treasurer to the credit of a head “Receipts by Treasurer of Charit¬
able Endowments under Regulation II of 1082’’ which will be a sub¬
head-under “Trust Interest Account.’’ The interest (or other receipts)
will then be distributed to the various ledger accounts (Form 4) in
which the gross amounts (deducting income-tax alone in the case of
Government of India Pro-Notes) must be'shown. Any charges on
account of fees, etc., will be shown separately in the ledger of interest
and other receipts as also the amount remitted to the administrators.
The entries in the latter ledger should be taken out and agreed annually
with the debits and credits in the State ledger.
11. "The Treasurer shall keep the following accounts.—
(i) A register of securities held under the Regulation..
Form I
 603
(ii) A register of properties other than securities held under the
Regulation,..Form 2
(iii) A ledger account of securities.Form 3. and
(iv) A ledger account of interest and other receipts...
Form 4.
The Treasurer shall, at least once a quarter and on all occasions of
transfer of charge, count the securities for money with him and record a
certificate of verification in the register in Form I.
12. The list of properties vested in the Treasurer to be published
under Section VIII of the Regulation, shall be in Form No. 5. The
publication will be made annually. Part I of the list will relate'to pro¬
perties other than securities ; Part II will relate to securities and will
also contain the abstract of accounts required by the Regulation to be
published. The Treasurer will demand and receive acknowledgments
from the administrators of the correctness of the balance when published.
13. The Treasurer may, when he is absent from Head Quarters on
tour, lawfully entrust any of the Assistant Account Officers with the
conduct of the routine work connected with his work as Treasurer.
But the publication of accounts (Rule 12 above) shall be only over the
signature of the Treasurer*
Audit of Accounts.
14. The Treasurer’s accounts shall be audited at least annually by
the outside audit branch of the Account Office and the audit report
submitted to the Government by the Account Officer with his remarks •

Huzur Cutcherry, P. rajagopalachari,

Trivandrum, 3rd August 1912. Dewan,
 FORM No. 3.
Ledger account of securities held under .
1. Name of endowment.
2. Particulars of Vesting Order.
- 5. To whom interest is to b
 610

NOTIFICATION.
Under Clause (c) of Sub-section (3) of Section IV of the charit¬
able Endowment Regulation passed by Government under date the
3rd August 1912.
It is hereby expressly declared that “ Sirkar Savings Banks De¬
posits” shall also, among other securities for money, be deemed as one
of the securities for money within the purview of Clause (c) of Sub¬
section (3) of Section IV of the Charitable Endowments Regulation II
of 1082, which may be ordered to he vested in the Treasurer of
Charitable Endowments in Iravancore, under Sub-section (I) of
Section IV of the aforesaid Regulation.
(Dated the 14th July 1916.)
■t is hereby notified that the Dewan, in exercise of the powers
conferred by Section IV, Sub-section 3, Clause (c) of the Charitable
Endowments Regulation, II of 1082, doth hereby order that ] the
Travancore Government Five Per Cent Debenture Loan of 1091 be
included among the authorised securities in which the property adminis¬
tered under the above Regulation may be invested.

PROCLAMATION

His Highness the Maha Raja of Tbavancobe, issued under

date lie / 1 th May 1913 corresponding to the 29th Medom /088.
Whereas certain services in Our Devaswoms, such as Tantram,
Santhi, Kazhakom &c. had been formerly granted to and are being
enjoyed as karanma by certain families ; And whereas the holders of
the said karanma service had also been granted landed property, or
thiruppuvaro i, or other emoluments, as remuneration for the due per¬
formance of ‘hehservices; And whereas it has now been represented to
Us that the holders of the said Karan a services, owing to incompe¬
tency, negligence or other cause, do not generally perform such services
properly and regularly, and also that some families holding the said
karamfi have alienated the services or properties or thiruppuoaroms or
other emoluments attached thereto for pecuniary consideration or other¬
wise ; And whereas We consider it essential that, in the interests of
Our Devaswoms, the said services should all be duly performed ; And
whereas, for an efficient administration of Our Devaswoms, it is neces¬
sary to declare that Our Government have absolute control over the
holders of all karanma services and also over all the properties,
thiruppucaroms and other emolument attached thereto ; We are hereby
pleased to command that, (whenever it is reported to Our Government
that, owing to incompetency, negligence or other cause, (any karanma
 611

service is not being properly and regularly performed, or that an aliena-'

tion of a kfltanma service, or of the property, thiru^putatom or other
emolument attached thereto, has been effected by the kftranma holder or
by any member or members of the ^aranma family; Our Government
shall give due notice of the charge to the head of the family and the
next senior member and also to the alienor or defaulter if he is neither
the head nor the next senior member, and also to such other members
of the karanma family as Our Government may deem necessary, and
if, after hearing their objections, if any. Our Government are satisfied
that there has been an alienation of the karanma service or of the pro¬
perty or of the ihimppuoarom or of the other emolument attached there¬
to, or that, owing to incompetency, negligence or other cause, there has
been a failure to perform the service properly or regularly. Our Govern¬
ment shall suspend, remove, determine, cancel, or deal with in any other
manner, the karanma right of the family to the service, and We are
further pleased to command that the decision of Our Government that
any service or property or thiruppunarom or other emolument attached
thereto has been alienated, or that, owing to incompetency, negligency
or other cause, any service has not been properly or regularly performed,
shall be final, and that no action shall lie in any Court against Our
Government for any act done or ordered to be done in pursuance of this
Proclamation.

Regulation IV of 1091.
As Amended by Regulation V of 1095.

THE LAND CONSERVANCY RECJULATiON.

Contents.
Preamble.
Sections.
1. Short title, extent and.commencement.
2. Repeal and saving.
3. Property of Government defined,
4. “Poramboke” defined.
“Occupant” defined.
5. Land which is the property of Government not to be occu¬
pied without permission.
6 Punishment for unauthorisedly occupying a land which is the
property of Government.
7. tl) Levy of assessment. on lands which are the property of
Government unauthorisedly occupied.
(2) Levy of prohibitory assessment on Poramboke unauthori-
sedly occupied.
 612

8. Liability of unauthorised occupant for trees destroyed or

appropriated. ■
9. Liability of unauthorised occupant to summary eviction, for¬
feiture of crops, etc.
Mode of eviction.
10. Prior notice to occupant etc.
11. Power to make rules.
12. Recovery of fines assessment etc., as arrears of land revenue,
13. Officers to exercise powers of Division Peishkar.
14. Appeal and revision.
15. Limitation of appeal.
16. Petition of appeal to be accompanied by the order appealed
against.
17. Saving of operation of other laws in force.
18. Saving of suits by persons aggrieved by proceedings under
this Regulation.
Schedule—Form of warrant to be issued by the Division
Peishkar under Section 9.

A Regulation to amend the Government Land Conservancy Regu¬

passed by His Highness the Maha Raja of Travaucore on
lation, II ot 1067 as amended by Regulations I oi 1075 and II 1085
the 24 th July
1916 corresponding to the9th Karkalagom 1091.
Whereas it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law check¬
ing the unauthorised occupation of Government
Preamble. lands ; It is hereby enacted as follows .—
1. (1) This Regulation shall be called the “Land Conservancy
Regulation of 1091”.
Short title, extent (2) It applies to the whole of Travancore.

(3) It shall come into force on the 1st Chingom 1092.

2. Regulation II of 1067, as amended by Regulation I of 1075 and
by RegulationII of 1085, is hereby repealed. But
Repeal and saving suc}) repeal shall not affect any "right or privilege
acquired or liability incurred under the said Regulations.
3. (1) All public roads, streets, lanes and paths, the bridges,
“Propertv Of Gov- ditches, dykes, and fences on or beside the
1
eminent ’defined. same;
the bed of the sea and of harbours and creeks below high-
water mark ;
the beds and banks of rivers, streams, irrigation and drainage
channels, canals, tanks, lakes, backwaters and water-courses;
 613

all standing and flowing water ;

and all lands, wheresoever situated ;
save in so far as the same are the property of—
(a) proprietors of Edavagais or Jenmies or holders of InamS
or any person claiming through or holding under any of them; or
(b) all holders of lands in any way subject to the payment of
land revenue to Government; or ,
(c) any other registered holder of land in proprietory right; or
id) any person holding land under grant from Government
otherwise than by way of license ;
are, and are hereby declared to be the property of Government,
except as may be otherwise provided by any law for the time being in
force, subject to all rights of way and other public rights and to the
natural and easement rights of other land-owners and to all customary
rights legally subsisting.
Explanation I Lands once registered in the name of a person,
but subsequently abandoned or relinquished, and all lands held by right
of escheat, purchase, resumption, reversion or acquisition under Regu¬
lation XI of 1089, are the property of Government within the meaning
of the Section.
Explanation II. — In this Section, the expression ‘high water mark'
means the highest point reached by the ordinary spring tide at any
season of the year.
Explanation III.—Land in excess of the registered measurement
or extent, but lying within the specified boundaries of a registered land,
does not fall within this definition.
(2) All unassessed lands within the limits of Edavagais and
private estates used or reserved for public purposes or for the communal
use of villagers, all unassigned lands belonging to an incorporated
Devaswom, and all public roads and streets which may become vested
in any local authority shall, for the purpose of this Regulation, be
deemed to be the property of Government.
4. (1) ‘ Poramboke ’ shall mean and include unassessed lands,
, n which are the property of Government under
fined.0'111"0 * Section 3 (1) or (2), used or reserved for public
purposes or for the communal use of villagers
such as,—
(o) all public roads, streets, lanes, pathways, the bridges,
ditches, dykes and fences on or beside the same ;
(b) the beds and banks of rivers, irrigation and drainage chan*
nels, traffic canals tanks, lakes, back-waters and water-courses ;
(c) markets, burial-grounds, landing ghauts; and
■ (d) all other property which Our Government may, lor the
purpose of this Regulation, from time to time, declare to be Poramboke.
 614

(2) ‘ Occupant ’ shall mean a person actually in possession of a

“Occupant" defined- land which is the property of Government.
5. From and after the commencement of this Regulation, it shall
not be lawful for any person to occupy a land which
is the property of Government whether a Poram-
boke or not without permission from Our Govern¬
ment or such officer of Government as may be
empowered in this behalf.
6. Whoever occupies a land which is the property of Government
Punishment fm m- whether Poramboke or not contrary to Section 5
aULand8twh'’°ht"'W't"^ be liable to pay such fine not exceeding two
property £ (i v r- hundred rupees as may be imposed by the Division
■cent ' " Peishkar.
Explication — A tenant unauthorisedly holding over after the expiry
of his term of lease is liable to a fine within the meaning of this Section.
7. (1) Any person unauthorisedly occupying aland which is the
Lew r ss ss t ProPerty Government other than a Poramboke
on kods whidTlrc! and liable to pay a fine under Section 6 shall, in
the property o£ Gov- addition be liable to pay by way of assessment for.
ern^ment unauthorised- the whole period of his1 occupation such amount as
y 00 lip'e may be fixed by the Division Peishkar in accordance
with the rate that may be prescribed by the Government from time to
time in this behalf.
(2) Any person unauthorisedly occupying a Poramboke and liable
to pay a fine under Section 6 shall in addition,
atV nt on°bpoil0 3 liable to pay such prohibitory assessment for the
Sir™mauihorly" whole period of occupation as may be imposed by
occupied. the Division Peishkar.
Payment of assessment under sub-section (1) or prohibitory assess¬
ment under sub-section (2) shall not confer any right of occupancy, and
the liability to pay such assessment shall cease from the date on which
the land concerned is relinquished.
8. Any person unauthorisedly occupying any land which is the
property of Government whether a Poramboke or
authorised5 occ '"nt not anc^ l'able to a fine under 'Section 6 shall, in
for tu'es dcsTroyed'or addition to the assessment or prohibitory assess-
apprepriuttd. ment to which he may be liable under Section 7
be liable for the value, as adjudged by the Division
Peishkar, of any useful tree destroyed or appropriated by him.
9- Any person unauthorisedly occupying any land for which he is
liable to pay a fine under Section 6 and an assess-
Liabiiity of uu ment or prohibitory assessment under Section 7 may
summary eVtimV- sumraar‘!y evicted by the Division Peishkar, and
feitwe of crops, etcany crop or other product raised on the land abftll
 615

be liable to forfeiture and any building or other structure erected or

anything deposited thereon shall also, if not removed by him after such
written notice as the Division Peishkar may deem reasonable, be liable
to forfeiture. Forfeiture under this Section shall be adjudged by the
Division Peishkar, and any property so forfeited shall be disposed of as
the Division Peishkar may direct.
An eviction under this Section shall be made in the following
manner, namely.—-By serving a notice on a person
...odH of eviction reputed to be in occupation or .his agent requiring
him within such time as the Division Peishkar may deem reasonable
after receipt of the said notice to vacate the land, and if such notice is
not obeyed, by removing or deputing a subordinate to remove any
person who may refuse to vacate the same, and, if the officer removing
any such person shall be resisted or obstructed by any person, the Divi¬
sion Peishkar shall hold a summary enquiry into the facts of the case
and, if satisfied that the resistance or obstruction still continues, may
issue a warrant for the arrest of the said person, and on his appearance
may send him with a warrant in the form of the Schedule for imprison¬
ment in the Civil jail of the District for such period not exceeding 30
days as may he necessary to prevent the continuance of such obstruction
or resistance :
Provided that no person so committed or imprisoned under this Sec¬
tion shall be liable to be prosecuted under Sections 176, 179 and 181
of the Travancore Penal Code, in respect of the same facts.
10. The Division Peishkar shall, before passing an order under this
Regulation, give notice to the occupant or other
anfctc1'1'41081,1 U°Cmperson likely to be affected by the order, and record
any statement which such occupant or person may
make and any evidence which he may adduce within a reasonable time;
and all orders passed by a Division Peishkar under this Regulation shall
be in writing and under his hand.
The Division Peishkar may require any subordinate officer not
below the rank of a Deputy Tahsildar to hold the.enquiry as prescribed
in para 1 of this Section and submit the record to him. On such record
the Division Peishkar may pass orders.
For the purpose of Section 193 of the Penal Code, the proceed¬
ings taken by a Division Peishkar under this Section shall be deemed
to be judicial proceedings.
11. Our Government may make rules or orders, either generally or
Power to make rules, in any particular instance :—
(a) regulating the rates of assessment under Section 7(1);
(b) Regulating the imposition of prohibitory assessment under
Section 7 (2);
 616

(c) declaring that any particular land or class of lands shall not
be open to occupation ; '
(d) regulating the service of notices under this Regulation ; and
(e) generally to carry out the provisions of this Regulation.
Such general rules or orders shall be made only after previous
publication in our Government Gazette.
12. All fines, assessments and prohibitory assessments, damages for
trees destroyed or appropriated and all costs of
tsRe“' o£. E s ' eviction and removal of encroachments shall be
arr ira of land revenuo. recovered as arrears of land revenue under the
provisions of the Revenue Recovery Regulation for
the time being in force.
13. Our Government may, by Notification in our Government
Gazette, authorise any officer by name or by virtue
om"Sof° Division ^is °*fice *° exercise all or any of the powers
Peishkar. conferred on a Division Peishkar under this Regu-

*14. (!) An appeal shall lie to the Land Revenue and income Tax
Commissioner from any decision or order of a
Appeal and revision. Q;vjsjon pejshkar passed under this Regulation.
(2) Our Government may by notification in our Government
Gazette direct that an appeal from the decision of any officer empowered
under Section 13 shall lie to the Division Peishkar.
(3) No order shall be passed in appeal without previous notice
to the party to be affected by such order.
(4) There shall be no appeal against the decision or order
passed in appeal by the Land Revenue and Income Tax Commissioner
or by a Division Peishkar.
(5) ft shall be lawful for the Dewan or the Land Revenue and
Income Tax Commissioner, to revise any decision or order passed by
any subordinate Officer under this Regulation.
Provided that no order setting aside or modifying the subordinate
officers decision or order shall be passed without giving previous notice
to the party to be affected thereby.
Explanation-.—Any decision or order of the Land Revenue and
Income Tax Commissioner also may be , evised by the Dewan.
(6) Pending disposal of any appeal or revision petition under
this Regulation the appellate authority or the revisional authority, as the
case may be, may suspend the execution of the order appealed or
petitioned against.
15. No appeal shall- be brought after the expiration of 60 days from
Limitation o{ appeal date °f the decision or order complained of,
provided that, in computing the period of 60 days
the time required to obtain a copy of the decision or order appealed
against shall be excluded, but the appeal may be admitted after the period
* Substituted by Regulation V of 1105* ‘
 617

hereby prescribed when the appellant satisfies the authority to whom he

appeal* that he had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within
the period prescribed.
. 16. Every petition of appeal under this Regulation shall be accom¬
panied by the decision or order appealed against or
be^eoompaMed'b ythe ^ an authenticated copy of the same.

17. Nothing contained in this Regulation shall be construed as

exempting any person unauthorisedly occupying
land from liability to be proceeded against under
any other law for the time being in force :
Provided that, if any penalty has been levied under Section 6 or 7
of this Regulation, no similar penalty shall be levied from him under
any other law in respect of such obligation.
18. No suit against Government shall be entertained in any of our
Civil Courts in respect of any order passed under
Saving of suits by this Regulation except upon the ground that the
PerS°e'din ^undei^this land in respect of which such order has been passed
Regulation*U” ” ” is not a land which is the property of Government
whether a Poramboke or not':
Provided that Civil Courts shall not take cognizance of any such suit
unless it shall be instituted within one year from the date on whir'll the
cause of action arose.

Schedule.
Form of warrant to be issued by the Division Peishkar under
Section 9. __

Seal.

The Officer in charge of the Civil Jail at

Whereas A. B. of has resisted or obstructed C. D. in
removing E. F. (or himself, that is, the said A. B.) from certain land
.in the pakuthy of in the taluk, and whereas it is
necessary, in order to prevent the continuance of such obstruction or
resistance, to commit the said A. B. to close custody ; You are hereby
required under the provisions of Section 9 of the Government Land
Conservancy Regulation, IV of 1091, to receive the said A. B. into the
Jail under your charge and thereto keep him in safe custody for
days Dated this day of
(Signature of Division Peishkar)
 618
Regulation X of 1094.
SURVEY AND BOUNDARIES REGULATION.
Contents.

CHAPTER 1.
Preliminary.
Preamble
Sections
1. Title.
Local extent.
2. Repeal.
3. Interpretation clause.
(1) “Edavaga.”
(ii) “Government land.”
(iii) “Proprietor.”
(iv) “Registered holder.”
(v) “Survey.”
(vi< “Survey-mark.”
4. (1) Government to appoint and remove Survey officers.
(2) Government to prescribe local limits of Survey officers
CHAPTER II.
The Survey of Government lands.
5. Government may direct surveyof Government lands.
6. (1) Notification to be published by Survey officer.
(2) Such Notification to be valid notice to persons interested.
(3) Terms of such Notification.
7. (1) Employment of hired labour on failure of registered
holders to assist in the survey.
(2) Costs to be charged to registered holders of lands sur¬
veyed.
8. Provision of survey-marks.
9. Cost of survey operations may be defrayed in the first ins¬
tance by Government in certain cases.
10. Recovery of charges incurred by Survey officer.
11. (1) Propedure where boundary is undisputed.
(2) Procedure where boundary is disputed.
(3) Order in disputed cases to be in writing.
(4) Completion of demarcation to be notified.
12. (1) Appeals against orders under Section 11.
(2) Appellate decision to be in writing.
(3) Such order of appellate decision final in certain cases.
13- Institution of a suit in civil court within one year to establish
rights claimed in respect of the boundary of property surveyed.
 619

sections.
14. Ryots responsible for the maintenance of survey-marks.
15. Duties of Proverthicar and Pakuthi Accountant.
16. (1) Order imposing charges tc be communicated to persons
affected.
(2) Appellate authority.
(3) Order of appellate decision final.
CHAPTER Ill.
The Survey of Edaoagas.
17. Government may direct survey of an Edavaga in certain cases.
Proviso.
18. Procedure to be observed during survey.
19- Costs of survey recoverable from proprietor.
20. (1) Government may direct apportionment of costs among lands
surveyed.
(2) Apportionment how made.
(3) Cost so apportioned recoverable by proprietor from
tenants.
2|. (i) Consequences ensuing on completion of survey of an
Edavaga.
(ii) Duty of tenants.
(iii) Duty of Proverthicar and Pakuthi Accountant.
CHAPTER IV.
The Settlement of Boundary Disputes arising otherwise than
in the course of Survey.
22. Division Peishkar may direct settlement of boundary dispute.
23. Officer by whom dispute may be settled.
24. (D Inquiry regarding dispute. (2) Decision and demarca¬
tion in accordance therewith.
(3) Completion of demarcation to be intimated to parties.
(4) Decision when final.
25. Right of suit in regard to decisions under Section 24.
26. Recovery of cost of survey in case of dispute settled under
this Chapter.
27. Applicability of Chapters II and III to survey-marks under
Chapter.
CHAPTER V.
Miscellaneous.
28. Power to enter upon and examine lands.
29. Power to summon witnesses and require production of docu-

30. (I) Reference to arbitration (2) Procedure in such cases,

(3) Decision under award conclusive.
 620

S edions.
31. (1) Proprietor or registered holder may recover expenses paid
by him from the owner of the Edavaga or Government land and may
acquire a charge upon the land to that extent-
(2) Mortgagee, lessee, tenant or owner or co-owner may pay
charges payable by proprietor or registered holder.
(3) Claim of mortgagee, tenant or lessee in such case.
(4) Co-owner similarly to acquire a charge upon the land.
32. Government may make rules under this Regulation.
33. Immunity for acts done in good faith or purporting to be so done
REGULATION X OF 1094.
A Regulation to consolidate and amend the law relating to Survey ot
Lands and settlement of Boundary Disputes, passed by His Highness the
Maharaja of Travancore, on the ‘Uth May 1919, corresponding with ike
lOthBdavmn 1091.
Whereas it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law relating
to survey of lands and settlement of boundary dis*
PiomblL-. putes; It is hereby enacted as follows:—

CHAPTER I.

Preliminary.
1. (1) This Regulation maybe called “ The Travancore Survey
Title, ' .and Boundaries Regulation of 1094.
(2) It extends to the whole of Travancore.
Looal extent.
2. Regulation III of 1058, as amended by Regulation II of 1060, is
hereby repealed.
Repeal-
3. In this Regulation, unless there is someting repugnant in the
subject or context—
Interpretation Clause.
(i) “Edavaga” means a compact area recognised as such in the
Government accounts, the whole or any portion of
“Edavaga". which area is exempt from payment of revenue to
Government.
(ii) “ Government land ” means any land not forming an
^ Edavaga or any portion thereof;

(iii) proprietor ” means a sole owner or the eldest or the

principal of several joint owners of an Edavaga;
u Proprietor M,
 621
(iv) “registered holder” means and includes any person in whose
name Government land is for the time being
‘•itegistered holder”. registered:
Provided that, when any person other than the registered holder is
in lawful management of Government land otherwise than as agent or
servant of the registered holder or as mortgagee or lessee, such person
shall be deemed to be the registered holder in respect, of such Govern¬
ment land,
Where a Government land is registered in the names’of two or more
persons jointly, the registered'holder shall, for the purposes of this
Regulation, be the person who is recognised by the other joint holders
as the manager of the land or who, in case of dispute, is recognised by
the Division Peishkar as senior joint holder;
•-‘Survey". (v) “Survey” includes resurvey and demarcation;
(vi) “ survey-mark ” means any mark or thing hereto fore of
hereafter made, erected or placed for the purpose of
“ Survey-mark”. indicating survey points or lines, above on or below
the surface of any land by or by order of any person
duly authorised under any enactment for the time being in force to make
a survey of such land or to settle the boundaries thereof.
4. (1) Our Government may appoint any person either byname or
by virtue of his office to be a Survey officer under
ivernment to appoiot this Regulation, and may dismiss, suspend or re-
officer«m°Te Survey, move any person so appointed.

(2) Subject to the control of Our Government and of any

Superior officer or authority appointed in this behalf ,
Q°too8lTimita°of Survey every person so appointed shall exercise and per-
offioersmia0 U 7 form the powers and duties of a Survey officer
within such limits as Our Government may direct

CHAPTER II.
The Siibvky ob Government L&nds.
5. Our Government may, by Notification, direct the survey of any
Government land.

6. (1) When the survey of.any Government land has been directed
under Section 5, the Survey officer shall publish a
"r Notification inviting every person claimii to be
8r interested in such land as registered holder other¬
wise, to attend either in person or by agent at a specified place and time, and
 622
from time to time thereafter when called upon for the purpose of pointing
out boundaries and supplying information in connection therewith. =
(2) A Notification published under sub-section (I) shall be held
Suoh Notilic&tion to to be a valid notice to every person having any
be v*lid notice to pe.-- interest in the land about to be surveyed,
sons interested.
(3) Such Notification shall further require all registered holders
^ Terms of suoh Noti- 0f the land about to be surveyed—

(a) to clear, within a specified period, by cutting down or

removing any trees, jungle, fences, standing crops or other materia!
obstructions, the boundaries or other lines the clearance of which may
be necessary for the purposes of the survey ;
(b) to provide labour at such times and for such periods as may
from time to time be required by furnishing flag-holders and chain-men ;
and
(c) to provide suitable survey-marks and otherwise to give such
assistance in the survey as may be demanded under this Regulation or
the rules made thereunder.
7. (1) If any person fails to comply with any requisition of a
Employymeut of hired Survey officer made under Clauses (o', (b) or (c) of
m failure of re. sub-section (3) of Section 6, the survey officer may
he°8urveyt0 *S" empl°y hired labour for the purposes of the survey.
(2) The Survey officer shall, in accordance with such rules as
Our Government may prescribe, apportion the cost
Coat to be oharged of such hired labour on the lands which have been
of lsnfsBBuvvtyedlderS
surveyetb an^ charge the same to the registered
o >□ holders thereof.

8. If the registered holder of any land, which has been or is about

to be surveyed, ‘fails to provide suitable survey-
Provision of survey, marks to the satisfaction of the Survey officer such
marks. officer may himself provide or make such marks, and
the cost of providing or making them shall be
apportioned and charged as provided in sub-section (2) of Section 7.
9. Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (3) of
Section 6 and in sub-section (1) of Section 7,
Coat of survey oper-
whenever it may appear to the Superintendent,
edlnVh^Krat instance Revenue Survey, to he desirable that the cost of all

tain cases.
0
by Government in er-or any of the operations prescribed in Clauses (a),
(fi) and (c) of sub-section (3) of Section 6 should
be defrayed in the first instance by Our Govern¬
ment, he may, with the previous sanction of Our Government, ip lieu of
 623

the Notification prescribed in sub-section (3) of Section 6, issue a

Notification that such cost will be defrayed in the first instance by Our
Government, and may thereupon proceed with the survey of the land
and apportion and charge such cost in the manner prescribed by sub¬
section (2) of Section 7-
10. The cost of hired labour under sub-section (1 > of Section 7 and
of providing survey marks under Section 8 shall be
. ReoovoryofcSargee defrayed in the first instance by Our Government,
Officer' b? S"rVey hut any sum charged under Section 7, 8 or 9 to
cer’ the registered holder shall be recoverable from the
land in the same manner as an arrear of land revenue,
11. (1) If, at the time of survey, a boundary is undisputed, the
Survey officer may order that it shall be laid down
ProccdnrB whwc as pointed out by the registered holder or his
ed. ' agent.
(2) If the registered holder is not present, or if the boundary is
disputed, the Survey officer shall order jt to be laid
Procedure where down, as nearly as may be, in accordance with the
■■boundary is disputed Revenue records, or as ascertained from the Pro-
verthicar and from such other evidence as the
Survey officer may be able to procure.
(3) The order passed by the Survey officer in the case of any
dispute under sub-section (2) shall be recorded in
Order in disputed writing, and the purport thereof communicated
oases to be 10 writing- fcrtRwifh to the parties to the dispute, a copy of the
order being furnished to them on their application
and at their cost.
(4) When the survey of any village or other defined local area
forming part of the land under survey has been
Completion of de- completed in accordance with the orders passed
mnrcatiim to be non. un(]er sub-sections (1), (2) and (3), the Survey
1 ' officer shall notifiy the fact as soon as practicable
thereafter.
12. (I) Notice of every order passed by the Survey officer under
Section 11 shall be given to all registered holders
Appeals against the boundaries of whose holdings may be affected
otders under Seotion ^e order, and an appeal from such order shall
lie to the authority to whom the Survey officer is
immediately subordinate : Provided that it be filed,—-
(a) in tbe case of an order communicated under sub-section (3)
of Section 11, within three months of the date of service of the order *;
(h) in the case of any other order, within three months pf the
date on which the Notification prescribed under sub-section (4) o ;
Section 11 was published ; and
 624
(c) where an appeal is filed, notice shall be given by the appel¬
late authority, in the case ot an appeal prepared under Clause (a), to
the other parties to the dispute, and, in the case of an appeal preferred
under Clause lb), to all registered holders, the boundaries of whose
holdings may be affected by the proceedings in appeal.
(2) The decision of the appellate authority shall -be recorded in
writing, and the purport thereof communicated
to beTn'wrmng^610" forthwith to the parties concerned, a copy of the
order being furnished to them on their application
and at their cost.
(3) The order of the Survey Officer, r in the event of an appeal
being filed, the decisio of the appellate authority,
shall be final, and the, t shall be no further appeal
certain esses. from such decision.
13. Any party to a boundary dispute before the Survey officer,
and any party to an appeal preferred under Sec-
CivUpoult withi'none ll°n 12 or to whom notice of such appeal is given
year to establish rights and any person claiming under any such party,
claimed in respect of deeming himself aggrieved by the order of the
^surve^ed.0* Pr°" Survey officer or by the decision of the appellate
p8r authority, as the case may be, may, subject to the
provisions of Parts 11 and III of the Limitation Regulation of 1062,
institute, within the period of one year from the date of service of such
order or decision or from the date on which the notification prescribed
under sub-section (4) of Seetion II was published, a suit to establish
the right which he claims in respect of the boundary of the property
surveyed: Provided that, subject to the result of such suit, if any. such
order or decision shall be conclusive as between the parties to the dis¬
pute or to the appeal, including those to whom notice of such appeal
has been given, and those claiming under such parties or any of them.
Explanation. Where parties litigate lana fide in respect of boun¬
daries of property claimed in common for themselves and others, all
parsons interested in such boundary dispute shall, for the purpose of
- this section, be deemed to claim under such parties so litigating.
14. Subject to such rules as Our Government may prescribe in this
E -oti re, on si’ le behalf, every registered holder of Government land
foitiwTOainuriinoe'of sbaH be bound to maintain, renew and repair the
survey merltj. survey-marks on or within boundaries of his hold¬
ing, ahd in default of his doing so within a prescribed
pferiod, the Survey Officer or the Division Peishkar may, at the cost of
Our Government, maintain, renew and repair such survey-marks and
apportion die cost thereof; such cost may be recovered from the land as
 625

an aiTear of land revenue: Provided that Our Government may from

time to time exempt, by a notification, any local area from the oparation
of the former part of this Section and cancel such notification.
Duties of Proverthi- j 5. It shall be the duty of every Proverthicar
ooiiutaiit PaI"‘t!u 'Ao‘ and Pakuthi Accountant
(а) to prevent the destruction, injury or alteration of any survey-
mark on or within the limits of his jurisdiction ; and
(б) when he becomes aware that any such mark has been
destroyed, injured or altered, to report the fact to his immediate official
superior or the nearest Survey Officer having jurisdiction.
16. (1) Every order of a survey officer or of a Division Peishkar
Order im osin" imposing charges under Sections 7, 8, 9 and 14
ch»ritcs, to'be'conmu- shall be recorded in writing, and an account pre-
nieatcd to persons af- pared in accordance therewith communicated forth-
£cotcd- with to the persons affected, a copy of the order
being supplied to them on their application and at their cost.
(2) An appeal against every such order shall lie to the authority
to whom the officer passing it is immediately sub-
Appoliatc authority. orcJinate; Provided that it be filed within one
month of the date of service of such order.
(3) The order of the survey 'officer or of the Division Peishkar
if an appeal is not preferred, or in the event of an
o' ffnatPl’£llal° appeal being filed, the decision of the appellate
011 ,na ' authority, shall be final.

chapter III. ■
The Survey of Edayagas.
Government may 17. Our Government may. by notification,
direct survey of an direct the survey of any Edavaga or portion of an
tdavaga ru eortam Edayaga
(a) on the application in writing of the proprietor of such Eda¬
vaga, accompanied by a written statement of his consent to
defray the whole cost of the survey or,
(b) without such-application, for reasons to be recorded prior
to the issue of such notification :
Provided that a survey commenced under clause (a) shall be
stopped on the withdrawal by the proprietor of his
Proviso. application, unless Our Government see reason to
direct the continuance of the survey in virtue of the power conferred
on them by clause (£)
 626

18. Except as hereinafter provided in Sections 19 and 20, the con¬

duct of such survey and, the proceedings of a
served*irlngtt).'ram’- Survey officer shall, as far as may be, be regulated
vey. by the procedure laid down in Chaptr * 11 with
regard to the Survey of Government lands ; and
the provisions contained in that Chapter in regard to appeals from the
orders of a Survey officer, the granting of copies thereof and the effect
of such orders and of the decisions passed in appeal therefrom
shall, as far as may be, apply to all orders passed by a Survey officer
under this Chapter and to the decisions passed in appeal against such
orders.

19. All costs incurred by Our Government on account of a survey

conducted under this Chapter shall be recoverable
vefsbfe from proprietor. fr°m Edavaga, the whole or a part of which has
been surveyed, in the same manner as an arrear of
land revenue.

Provided that the cost of a survey directed under Clause (b) of

Section 17 shall be l nrne by Our Government unless otherwise pres¬
cribed by any law for the time being in force.

20. (I) On the application of the proprietor of an Edavaga under

Government may survey, Our Government may direct the Survey
direct apportionment officer to apportion among the lands which have
of costs among lan d been surveyed the .whole or a specific d portion of
8a,Te)ed' the cost of such survey. , Provided that the cost so
apportioned shall not exceed the amount which would be chargeable to
such lands under Section 7, 8 and,9 if they were Government lands.

(2) Such apportionment among the lands shall be made in accord¬

ance with such rules as Our Government may pres-
n*de.P°rtl0nme:lt °W cribe, ancj shall be subject to appeal in the manner
prescribed in Section 16.

(3) The amount so apportioned shall be re*

Cost so appo coed coverage by the proprifefor from the tenants con-
recoverable by
opno' cerned in the same manner as if it were an arrear of
rent due by a tenant to his land-lord.

21. (i) When an Edavaga or a portion of an Edavaga has been

.
surveyed in pursuance of a Notification issued
on compk-tloi^of^siirvey
wider Section 17, the Survey officer shall report the
of an'Kclavags. completion of the survey to the Division Pcishkar
and s to the proprietor, and the following conse-
quences shall thereupon ensue;
 627

(ii) Subject to such rules as our Government may prescribe in tins

behalf, every tenant of the land surveyed shall be
Duty of tenants. hound to maintain, renew and repair the survey
marks on or within the boundaries of his holding,
and in default of his doing so within a prescribed period, the Division
Peishkar may, at the cost of Our Government, maintain, renew, and
repair such survey marks, and such cost shall be recoverable from the
tenant in the same manner as an arrear of land revenue.
(iii) It shall be the duty of the Proverthicar and the Pakuthy
Accountant of.every Pakuthy, the whole or a part
»n?"tpakahy0'iSD*r which has been surveyed—

(a) to prevent the destruction, injury or alteration of any survey-

mark on or within the limits of his Pakuthy, and
(b) When he becomes aware that any such mark has been des¬
troyed, injured or altered, to report the fact to the proprietor
of the Edavaga and to the Division Peishkar or to such officer
subordinate to the Division Peishkar as the Division Peishkar
may from time to time direct.

CHAPTER IV.

Tiif, Settlement of Boundaet Disputes arising-

OTHERWISE THAN IN THE COURSE OF A SuRVEy.
22. The Division Peishkar may.—

(a) of his own motion, or,

(b) on the application of any of the disputants,
direct that any dispute, arising otherwise than in the course of a
survey, as to the boundaries of any land, shall be decided under the
provisions of this Regulation.
23. (1) Unless our Government appoint a Survey officer under
Section 4 for the purpose of settling such dispute,
0ffl°avb3 settled^13" Division Peishkar shall thereupon
(a) proceed to deal therewith himself, or.
(b) refer it for disposal to any officer not below the rank of
Deputy Tahsildar.
(2) Every officer to whom a dispute is referred for disposal as
aforesaid shall be a Survey officer for the purpose of this Regulation.
 628

24. (i) The Division Peishkar or Survey officer, as the case may
be, shall, after giving due notice of the time and
diW royarding place at which his inquiry Will be held, proceed to
,s*311 investigate the claims of the various parties and
record the evidence of all persons examined by him.
(2) At the close of the investigation, he shall record in writing
his decision and the reasons upon which it is based,
Decision ami do- and, alter duly informing the parties of the same
MTcTthmowitl/000 '1' anc* ittdmating to them the date on which he intends
ance.1UL- to demarcate according to his decision, shall pro¬
ceed to mark out the requisite boundaries conformably therewith.
(3) The date on which the demarcation
is completed shall be entered on the record of the
case and forthwith communicated to the parties.

(4) The decision so arrived at shall be final unless reversed or

paeisitm when Bviai- modified by the decree of a Civil Court; Provided
that, in the case of an order passed by an officer to
whom the dispute was referred by the Division Peishkar under Clause
(b) of Sub-section (1) of Section 23, such decision shall be submitted
to the Division Peishkar who, after giving notice to the parties concern¬
ed and hearing them if they appear, shall either confirm it or pass such
other order as he may deem fit.

25. The provisions of Section 13 shall apply

regard "to "dncisloij1" mutatis mutandis in the case of any final decision
undov Scotiun 24. passed under the preceding Section.

26. (I") In the case of any dispute settled under this Chapter, the
costs of survey shall in the first instance be defrayed
Recovery at east of by Our Government, and shall then be apportioned
putTsettleiTonder this ky the Division Peishkar or the Survey officer, in
Chapter. accordance with such rules as Our Government
may prescribe, among the parties to the dispute; and
the amount so apportioned to each party shall be recoverable from him
as. an arrear of land revenue.
(2) Appeals against orders passed under sub-section (I) shall be
governed by the provisions of Section 16.

27. The provisions of Chapter II or III, as the case may be, shall
Applicability ,.f so far as they relate to the maintenance,'renewal
Chapter II anti III to and construction of survey-marks, apply to marks
unde/chaptei ere°tei1 ereCte£^ Un(^er l^is Chapter,
 629

CHAPTER V,
• ' Miscellaneous.
28. For the purpose of any survey, inquiry, or other proceeding
under this Regulation the Survey officer or the
auresaminc'kndr1011 Division Peishkar or any of the subordinates of
such officers, shall have power to enter upon, ex¬
amine and measure any land under survey.
29. Any Survey officer generally or specially authorised in that
behalf, or the Division Peishkar, or any officer to
Power to summon to whom an appeal is preferred under any of the
moduottoi^'oVT'ou- provisions of this Regulation, may for the purposes
moots. of any survey, inquiry or other proceeding under
this Regulation, summon and enforce the attendance
o( any person for giving evidence and for the production of documents
or for the purpose of rendering assistance in the survey of any land in
which such person has an interest; and the procedure prescribed in the
Code of Civil Procedure for summoning and enforcing the attendance
of witnesses and for the recording of evidence shall be followed as far as
it can be made applicable.
30. The Division Peishkar or Survey officer may, with the consent
of all the parties concerned, refer to arbitration
trsUoii.r0'>0'; *° 1,1 ll”" any dispute as to a boundary.
(2) The procedure laid down in Chapter XXXVI of the Code
of Civil Procedure, Regulation II of 1065, shall
oase™0ed°r° 111 S,10h thereupon apply as far as may be.
, (3) The decision of the Division Peishkar or the Survey officer
passed in accordance with such award shall be
a 'wi uoriotnsivc1' conclusive between the parties to such arbitration
a" L ^ and those claiming under them.
31. (1) A proprietor or registered holder of any Edavaga or Gov¬
ernment land under survey who incures expenses
ePd’Phild6r°reavSrc under thls Regulation in respect of such surveyor
cover espenses™aiii by from whom the expenses of such survey are
him from the owner recovered under this Regulation, shall, if he be
of the Edavaga or Gov- not the owner thereof, acqiiire a charge on such
acquire^a charge' upon Edavaga or Government land to the extent of the
the laud tu that ex- expenses so incurred or recovered from him> with
tent- interest thereon at the rate of nine per cent per
annum: Provided that, if he be a co-owner of such Edavaga or Gov¬
ernment land, such charge shall extend only to so much of the amount
of such expenses as is payable in respect of the shares of the other co¬
owners in such Edavaga or Government land,
 630
(2) It shall be lawful for any person who is a mortgagee, lessee
or tenant, or who is the owner or co-owner or in
Mortgagee, lessee, good faith believes himself to be the owner or co-
^\vne^mav^a °ci°arr'es owner of an Edavaga or Government land under
piiyablo byP proprietor survey, to pay the charges payable under this Re-
or registered holder. gulation in respect of the survey of such Edavaga
or Government land, though he be not the proprie¬
tor or registered holder thereof.
(3) A mortgagee making such payment shall be entitled to add
the same to the principal money due under the
t0nantorOlesaeoInMoli raort?aSe at the rate of interest payable on the prin¬
ce, cipl, and where no such rate is fixed, at the rate
of nine per cent, pr annum. And a lessee or
tenant making such payment shall be entitled to deduct the same with
interest at the rate of nine per cent, per annum from the rent then due,
or thereafter becoming due, in respect of such Edavaga or Government
land.
(4) A co-owner or a person who, in good faith, believes him¬
self to be owner or co-owner, making such pay-
to^cquiiT/"oimTio ment, shall acquire a charge on such Edavaga
upon the land- " or Government land for the amount so paid by him
with interest thereon at the rate of nine per cen .
per annum : Provided that in the case of a co-owner such charge shall
extend only to so much of the amount paid as is due in respect of the
share of the other co-owners in such Edavaga or Government land,
32. Our Government may make rules consistent with this Regula-

R*ulatio°u."nder prescribing for different localities the unit of

survey, the sub-divisions ‘hereof and the description
of the survey-marks; and for the maintenance, renewal and repair of such
marks; •
ib) for the collection and record of any information in respect of
any land which has been or is about to be surveyed ;
(c) prescribing and limiting the powers and duties of officers
conducting proceedings under this Regulation and for regulating their
procedure;
(d) for the publication of all Notifications issued under this
Regulation, and for the issue and service of all orders, communications
and notices to be issued, communicated, given or served under this
Regulation ;
(e) for the apportionment of all charges directed to be appor¬
tioned by this regulation ;
 631

(/’) ^-escribing the fees payable for processes issued and copies
granted under this Regul ation ; and
(g) generally for carrying out the purposes of this Regulation ;
and all such rules shall be published in Our Government Gazette
and shall thereupon have the force of law.
33. No suit of other legal proceedings shall lie against any person
immunity fur acts for anything in good faith done or purporting to be
donu in glim! faith or done unde' this Regulation.

Regulation 11 of 1098.

DESTRUCTION OF RECORDS,
Contents.
Preamble.
Sections.
1. Short title and extent.
2. Power to certain authorities to make Rules for disposal of
documents.
3. Validation of Rules for disposal of documents.
4. No suit or other proceeding to lie against person destroying.
5. Saving of certain documents.
6. Repeal.
The Schedule—Repeal of enactments.
A Regulation to consolidate and amend the law providing for the
destruction or other disposal of certain documents in the
possession or custody of Courts and Revenue
and other Public Officers.

Passed by His Highness the Maharaja of Travancore, under date

the 15th June 1923, correspoi ding with the 1st Mithunam 1098.
Whereas it is expedient to consolidate and amend the law provid¬
ing for the destruction or other disposal of certain documents in the pos¬
session or custody of Courts and Revenue and other Public Officers ;
It is hereby enacted as follows
1. (1) This Regulation may be Called the Destruction of Records
Short'littu and extent. Regulation, 1098.
(2) it extends to the whole of Travancore,
 632
1 (1) The authorities hereinafter specified may, from time to
time, make Rules for the disposal, by destruction
Power to certain 0r otherwise, of such documents as are, in the
Enles foTdismsar’or °P'n'on °f the authority making the Rules, not of
documents. sufficient public value to justify their preservation.

(2) The authorities shall be—

(a) incase of documents in the possession or,custody of the
High Court or of the Courts of Civil or Criminal juris¬
diction subordidate thereto—the High Court ;
(b) in the case of documents in the possession or custody of
Revenue Courts and Officers—the Land Revenue and
Income-tax Commissioner ; and
(c) in the case of documents in the possession or custody of
any other public Officer—Our Government or any
Officer specially authorised in that behalf by Our
Government.

(3) Rules made under this Section by the High Court or by the
Land Revenue and Income-tax Commissioner or by an Officer specially
authorised in that behalf by Our Government shall be subject to the
previous approval of Our Government.

3. All Rules and orders now in force directing or authorising the

destruction or other disposal of documents in the
Validation of Rules
possession or custody of any public Officer or in
ments S!>0S91
°f <,°°U
^e possession or custody of the High Court or of
the Courts subordinate thereto, shall be deemed to
be Rules made under ibis Regulation.

4. No suit or other proceeding shall be instituted against any

person for the disposal, by destruction or otherwise,
ce^ding't^'iie^agaiest 0*. any records, books or papers, in accordance
person destroying. with any such Rules as aforesaid,

5. Nothing in this Regulation shall be deemed to authorise the

destruction of any document which, under the pro-
doonments Q6™'11 visions of any law for die time being in force, is to
be kept and maintained.

6. The enactments mentioned in the Schedule are hereby repealed

Repeal. to the extent specified in the fourth column thereof.
 633

The Schedule.
Repeal of Enactments.
(See Section 6.)
 634

PROCLAMATION

HIS HIGHNESS SHI TADMANABHA DASA VANOIII PALA SIR RAMA VARMA
KULASEKHARA KIRITAPATI 3IANNEY SULTAN MAHARAJA RAJA
RAJIARAJA BAHADUR SHAMSHER JANG, KNIGIIT GRAND
‘ COMMANDER OP THE MOST EMINENT ORDER
OF TIIE INDIAN EMPIRE, MAHARAJA OP
TRAVANCORE, ISSUED UNDER’DATE
THE 27th TIIULAM 1112
CORRESPONDING TO THE
12tH NOVEMBER 1930.
Profoundly convinced of the truth and validity of Our religion,
believing that it is based on divine guidance and on an all-comprehend¬
ing toleration, knowing lhat in its practice it has, throughout the centuries,
adapted itself lo the needs of changing times, solicitous that none of
Our Hindu subjects should, by reason of birth or caste or community,
be denied ti e consolations and solace of the Hindu faith, We have
decided and hereby declare, ordain and command that, subject to such
rules and conditions as may be laid down and imposed by Us for pre¬
serving their proper atmosphere and maintaining their rituals and obser¬
vances, there should henceforth be no restriction placed on any Hindu
by birth or religion on entering or worshipping at the temple s controlled
by Us and.Our Government.-
SIGN MANUAL

tgrjloJitrfficooe earro tusitniojoaj truth tooaoitzia A&jsoaajto <6T|<d1

2arrr> cryffiixtstroaai aooaitosjroass raoaoo®, auoogib ouoac
gjoco, aaooo'k’ (gjocho,0 Aaoobauh <s!g>aa“ el aaocjjj0
o®ar]ooai)a0 mratbaoh mson" si gcahawjab agjcnjoo'h,
rail asafl mooi^h aaoooogjoQJ an'.cai 2cioji^fflcs,osn|
jochcatro ooaiosruti a.-0ona-ifla oorol
cootm <0 ja a. geioo a s) - o0
ratlarrafl ecu rulooaj-i swarm

CijWoSlQJOo
cdsojsis attnssrailaafio Atraaotoilotwast) cryyaoflfnwiaDo cootuoao
j <S5mosDjsia-j|o, aseojliftaous (Srocioooomjoottsitrnejo rruhai
j 'ryaolj^rotm'lejaDfoio" tsroslc^o^pmlteaffpat^mo oTIwj
 635
(‘nT'.o^o, (BrDrtnls>oii)0 |j^ajA!5ti!icn(!r(m!(a6 mngf c/rrtniHdioSMSBSOOQfl tfto&i
ajffl1oj<b®ro>m(modai>“ rarDcrocsasosiliy ffio-wmosiaicno cotoLa^o, coa^eis
aolc^igjasaigltoi) (arscefeorosirm moral® os gjODoosaa, ©omilscBio nrv^ao
eoxsao tfijDosmo aolagawanoojofujoicnsiabo ooctoflecBo m.oaa_Kr>a4o
colffiQadaricSftffln-jSoab a-iosla^jonogg. g_®4d3«>6ipa»oejo, coo0 (oJIssaocol
owieqjo gotmlcnoffli ijysujoajaoo ajajgjajcqjo ooleaiaojlafficsso ims^mo
aJlteaego a^jgjnrnafKfflrrrofmoici, mj^xulrroaocffl oJiolrrotmrflflnlAOo
ajffllroiflfliltfiacm® croo. ^loffloo-jacroiltftso <aio)ajo(t6SB^.o ojjyaosigrgcTn
milaoo aocio aftomsRaaaogo ojaggscagiio 6)oj$jaa4<Tn cntoa66BCo<38o
cT3lauonDroc0jOoceao aflscoasaomfi, aaocoosaio atwrallGOJacrummoeaio
aologaiocni <D>oa®o©oOo<Bso ara^ffisajo roSEjss coojaana4ol«ciba?o
oolcaignifimsKsOgjaa ffitftMstjsaagflrai (g-jGaioolteQtmfm.fflcno (aigior cbm
cnsmncmcmisimo 5gcril®0©6 csuoaraK)® colsooaooocyo asnsjaTkowioai)
QjoslajyomoAm!).

PROCLAMATION
BY
HIS HIGHNESS SRI PADMANABHA DASA VANCHI PALA SIR RAMA VARMA
KULASEKHABA KIRITAPATI MANNEY SULTAN MAIIAEAJA RAJA
EAMABAJA BAHADUR SHAMSHER JANG, KNIGHT GRAND
COMMANDER OP THE MOST EMINENT ORDER
OP THE INDIAN EMPIRE, MAHARAJA OP
TRAVANCORE, ISSUED UNDER DATE ,
THE 9th VRISCHIKAM 1112
I CORRESPONDING TO THE
24th NOVEMBER 1936.
Whereas recent historical researches have proved that for many
centuries, in the name of the Rulers and Sovereigns of Travancore
before the words “ Rama Varma *’ there always occurred the word
“ Balaand that all the Rulers of Travancore were distinguished by
the appellation “Bata Rama Varma” until a few years ago when,
evidently by oversight the word “ Bala ” was omitted, and whereas it is
Our intention to rectify the omission referred to above, We are pleased
hereby to declare that the full name o( the Maharaja of Travancore will
be as follows :
“ HIS HIGHNESS SRI PADMANABHA DASA VANCHI, PALA (SIR)
BALA RAMA VARMA KULASEKHARA KIHITAPATI MANNEY
1 SULTAN MAHARAJA RAJA RAMARAJA BAHADUR SHAMSHEE
JANG
SIGN MANUAL.
 636

<6S?\aJ(OTBmo(§3ocvu wtwulo-JofiJ orui ooaaiaia ASJsoofflJ® <Sjlralsa_Ktn

BOOT) cTV<c6jji®ociii> aaoasxigjraog! moaraoKO smanigth ai)offlo3j<h
s?oc/", asimotf ©onion.0 tazocAoJOife @©clq0 si
ogjalamaki isrsAaJoib tooxT el ganiaojob q®coj
wi, (ofliaananOo®* aooo®oaocu (tnliajaoo
^fflAOsnsT ^ociboQ-rro cnaioacuib a rf-Doaa-
-<M ooffllcraoco) <£> ja «o a. cyciaSWo
a6-ooo?l3a)fB>l tumlaosiiysgigiiTn

Qjli.O6QJf0o
fflfVaai'.flswciaA e®eroaou'laj(B>lda»^as(sso aaDO^oaoaaoaorojss
cs^o tftoattwoawnmto ‘imoaniaa” a®rm o-iaa!eO°<«) aoiHoi ®k>«wa
comofflysassoafl “snJOfij” ag)tm tueo agjgjofficgoSJo a.«eo Miasms
o^onso, foilasojlmo. lgolsaj ogjgjo eromoalajirnlai^o o^nnonoo ffi<ft>o
gjsmOo<sa atrijojara nauoajffloaaiiaz” ngjcm isrenslcDOODorrooffiJ nruafl
sooiMo {btdoIcds)gj§)(03ono oQ)CTOo, o^jcmooi mjcgiaoasl ogjfflffltO tyao
ao^aio “smoaj’’ ig;cm ojso (sro-m'aofflooaaio nfl|c&g swraj ogjaeo jum1
©ajiaaecn) oracyaolAccaaiQaismaeOo sinaaluflafgaa roicnoaio. oa®5
(yc^dojl^joncuo afl|ahg,oorof8&(Bf!ffiaD ooffl^agj§<mrn-,6mffiarno aooo
aagMl tM.mfflf.oooajo, (®1ioiajl(B)3o^jA aanomosooilanbo a4§pf5C03ia
<801300 ®06)(f aJOCqjoycS>oa0O3j1ffl1cB96)2mo“ 00Oo gDOTTlcOOffli SUjOoJ
coo si^j^6ktoog^.cnp.
‘'■i&^ajmcoossorru aiffi&fVJOai (naiA) “siilOfiJroo®(ll[K!l,, eaei
GC/Dsurcc&lffllsajfBil aarrnn\}B6(™no®i aaoo®o@3®osj moaroosso snjaogA
(isjofflosiiJ Kocr0 raTlssaco^siiftosnif'”

PROCLAMATION

Hia HIGHNESS SEI fadHanabha dasa vanchi pala sie rama varma
KULASEKHARA KIRITAPATI MANNEY SULTAN MAHARAJA BAJA
RAMAEAJA BAHADUR SHAMSHEE JANG, KNIGHT GRAND
COMMANDER OP THE MOST EMINENT OEDEE
OP THE INDIAN EMPIRE, MAHAEAJA OP
TRAVANCORE, ISSUED UNDER DATE
THE 9th VRtSCHIKAM 1112
CORRESPONDING TO THE '
24th NOVEMBER 1936.
Whereas We have by a Proclamation issued under date the 27th
Tulam 1112 corresponding to thei 12th November 1936 declared, ordained
 637

and commanded that, subject to the rules and conditions ’ that We

may impose, no restriction shall be placed on any Hindu entering and
worshipping at the temples'controlled by Us and Our Government, We
are hereby pleased to enact the following

RULES.

1. The expression “ Temple ” occurring in these rules shall include

not only the Temple and subshrines but also Mandapams and other
buildings as well as tanks and wells appurtenant to the temple.
2. The expression “ Chief Officer of the Devaswom ” occurring in
these rules shall mean the Officer in charge of -the Devaswom. It shall
also include every Officer superior to him and having jurisdiction when
such superior Officer exercises the powers of the Chief Officer of the
Devaswom.
3. In order that the customs and usages obtaining in the several
temples under the control of His Highness the Maharaja and the Govern¬
ment in regard to the Poojas, Nivedyams, Vazhivadus, the Nityanidan-
am, Masavisesham, Attavisesham, Ulsavam and other ordinary and
special ceremonies and rituals shall continue to be observed as hereto¬
fore, it shall be competent to the Chief Officer of the Devaswom to give
consistently with the objects of the aforesaid Proclamation, such direct¬
ions as may be necessary from time to time for regulating the time of
entry and worship or limiting the number of those who may enter for
worship at a time or maintaining such special customs and usages as are
applicable to certain individuals and communities for specific purposes.
4. The permission to enter a temple shall not be exercised .so as to
empower entrance info the Srikoil, Tidapally (kitchen) and other portions
of the temple where specific restrictions even now exist in regard to all
persons except those who are allowed to use those portions by custom.
5. All worshippers are bound to conform 'to the directions given by
the Chief Officer of the Devaswom in regard to the carrying out of the
objects of the aforesaid Proclamation and the Rules and in regard to
places which have to be reserved for the time being for the proper
conduct of the rituals in the temple or observances such as the feeding
of persons as heretofore conducted.
6. The classes of persons mentioned hereunder shall not enter within
the compound walls of a temple, or its premises in case there is no com¬
pound wall: —
(o') persons who are not Hindus;
(4) persons under pollution arising out of birth or death in their
families;
 638

(c) women at such times during which they are not by custom
and usage allowed to enter temples ;
(d) drunken or disorderly persons ; •
(e) persons suffering from any loathsome or contagious disease ;
(/) persons of unsound mind except when taken for worship
under proper control and with the sanction of the Chief
Officer of the Devaswom concerned ; and
(g) professional beggars.
7. No person shall enter into any temple premises unless he wears
clean clothes of such materials and in such manner as may be customary.
The decision of the Chief Officer of the Devaswom concerned shall
prevail until set aside by a higher authority. None shall be allowed to
enter temple premises with any footwear, except those who are allowed
to do so by custom and usage obtaining in the temple.
8. No pjrson shall, within the temple and premises, spit, chew betel,
tobacco or any similar article or smoke or carry with him any article
for smoking, or take with him fish, eggs, meat, flesh, toddy, arrack or
other intoxicants or any other article or animal inappropriate according
to custom and usage to be introduced into the temple.
9. Noperson shall enter the Belikkalpura, Valiambalam, Nalambalam,
or the Elamatil, which in some temples takes the place of a Nalambal-
am, with any coat, shirt, vest or such other garment, except women who
may wear their usual dress. No headdress shall be worn except by
those who are allowed to do so by custom and usage obtaining in the
temple. No one shall take therein any cloth-umbrella, kerosene-light,
or other article inappropriate to be introduced into such places by
custom or usage. In temples where the above restrictions obtain even
in regard to entering within the compound walls, the same shall be
observed.
10. (1) No one shall enter the portions of a temple specified in the
last preceding rule without having, in accordance with custom and
usage, bathed, and without the customary caste-mark and without wear¬
ing clean clothes of such material and in such manner as may be custo¬
mary in the temple concerned.
(2) No one except a Hindu shall enter a tank appurtenant to a
temple ; and every person permitted to enter a tank shall obey such
directions as may be given by the Chief Officer of the Devaswom con¬
cerned. The direction of the iChief Officer of the Devaswom shall
prevail until set aside by a higher authority.
(3) Tanks reserved for 'the exclusive use of particular function¬
aries of the temple shall continue to be so reserved.
11. Restrictions as to entry and worship, which according to usage
and custom apply to ail communities alike, shall continue to apply.
 639

12. No one shall interrupt the worship in a temple by loud conver¬

sation or other demonstration which would derogate from the solemnity
and the proper atmosphere of the tenple.
13. It shall not be lawful to any person to use the temple buildings
and premises for purposes not connected with or arising from the wor¬
ship, usages and observances of such temples.
14. No one shall do any act which would tend to derogate from the
purity and the cleanliness of the temple and its premises.
15. If any doubt arises in regard to the applicability of, or confor¬
mity to, any of these provisions, the decision of the Chief Officer of the
Devaswom concerned shall prevail until set aside by a higher authority.

16 It shall be lawful for the Chief Officer of the Devaswom con¬

cerned to direct hat any person who contravenes or is sus[ ected or
believed by the Chief Officer of the Devaswom to have contravened any
of the provisions of these rules, or disobeys any lawful direction given
by him, shall remove himself from the temple, and in else such person
does not so remove himself, to cause him to be removed from the temple.
In case he resists »uch removal, or in case when asked to give
his name and address, he refuses to do so or gives information which
is not believed to be true he shall be .liable to be arrested and removed
by any Police Officer, not below the rank of a Head Constable and to
be dealt with as if be had been arrested under Section 38 of the Code
of Criminal Procedure. '
17. If any person contravenes any of the provisions of these rules, or
disobeys any direction lawfully given in pursuance thereof, and thereby
renders necessary any purificatory ceremonies, according to the customs
and usages of the temple, such person shall he liable to pay the cost of
the necessary purificatory ceremonies at the approved rates and the same
• shall be recoverable from him as arrears of public or land revenue or
otherwise. A person thus contravening or disobeying shall, besides
being subject to any penalty to which he may be liable under any other
law, be also punishable on conviction by a Magistrate with imprison¬
ment of jither descript’on for a term which may extend to three months
or with fine or with both.
18. No prosecution under these rules shall lie except on a complaint
by a Gazetted Officer having jurisdiction in respect of the temple.
19- No action shall lie against any Devaswom Officer or other
public servant who bonafide does any act in pursuance of these rules,
and no action its & Criminal Court shall lie without sanction of Govern¬
ment.
 640

20. In case of any doubt or dispute regarding ithe interpretation or

the carrying out of any provisions 'of these rules, the decision of the
Dewan thereon shall be final.
21. In cases of emergencies and unforeseen difficulties that may arise
in carrying out the provisions and objects of the aforesaid Proclamation
or of these Rules, the Dewan shall be competent to pass such orders as
he may deem fit.
sign MANUAL,

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 NDEX

A
Pago
P&ge Assistant Accountant—
.Temporary—
Acquisition op landed pboperty^- In the Suohindram A ssistant
By publio servants—Rules Commissioner’s office—sanc¬
regarding . 485 tion for tho entertainment
Acquisition op Lands—Passing of of . 57
awards in . 341 In the Suohindram Assistant
Commissioner’s offioe made
Additional Thiruvabharanam permanent . 61
Spsoial Officers— Assistant Commissioner —
Sanctioning the post of . 62 Duties and PowerB of . ’00
Administration Repost-^ Trivandrum-Tours to Tri-
Printing and distribution of. 513 ohandur . 99
Agenoies— Vaikom—Tours to Peruma-
Management of Devaswoms nam . 99
by private—Rules for . 874 Assistant Commissioner's
Agent—Bonares Satrom—powers Ofjtoe —
of . 434 Aooounts to be maintained
Agreement fob Contbaot— in 283
Clause agreeing recovery by Assistant Treasurer—
Revenue Reoover.y Regula- In. the Vaikom Devaswom—
tion to be included in 257 sanotion for . 61
Aminadabs— Attachment—
Sanotion for the appointment Prom ’ courts—Treating of
of—in Assistant Commis¬ officers under . 492
sioner’s offices' . 51 From Co-operative Sooieties
Animal Sacrifice— not to oome under court
Prohibition of—in Sirkar attachment . 512
Dovaswoms . 208 Attavisesham-
Appeal Pbtitions - Spending of allotment fixed
Report on—to be sent ipaSO in Pathivu . 204
days . 95 Auotiox—
Appointment of Relatives - Of oontraots to be made
Prohibition on publio sert after wide publioity . 2'7
vantsiuthe . 480 AvAeodham—
Abat and Pallivbtta Proces¬ Expenditure on acoount of—
sion—Attendance of officers ... 511 to be borne by Santhikarg. 221
Abbbab claims fob supplies— .
Prior to 1098 to be met B
from General Revenues • 264 Benares Satram—
Abbbars undbb State Charities— I Cart hire for the Agent at . 4 3
Not to be paid to heirs of Powers of the Agent at .. 43S
Repairs to the . 450
deceased t 433 Revision of tRe charities at. §J(
 279

I
Charitable Institutions—

Compassionate Ghatoh* .
SOHBKE-
Kxtended toDevaswom Fund
CONTINO.ENT BlUS—
Not negotiable by eudone-
ment like ohequee ,
 631
Page

350
Departmental Test—
tion—to be tales for the institmliou of
the default Sub-Qroup Officers Test

Destruction op Records —
Rules for 525
Destruction op Records Eegu-
Security acoouat of one—not 631
to bo utilised for another .
Contractors—
boss on aeoount of default—
to be recovered under Be- Rao’s report—Re-organisa¬
venue Recovery Regula- tion of
Prohibition of animal Baori-
Co-operative Societies- - fioes in ■ .
Recovery on behalf of Programme for restoration
Relation of public servants work in 258
Devaswom Cases—
Procedure for the oonduct
of 489
Devaswom Department—
Administration of—to vest
in the Dewan 58
Control of P. D. Devaswoms
brought under 45
Devaswom Department—
Proposals for the organis¬
ation of—Memorandum . 21
Retrenchment in the stall
58
Revision <
67
Form of—between Di Staff required for— 40
sworn Officers and Pali: Devaswom EspEromnns- -
Form nf—with Palace Audit 'of—Assistant Com-
lo promptly 294
Codrt ATTACHMENT— Devaswom Fund—
Treating of Officers who Surplus under—to be depo¬
sited with Government
only
Devaswom Fund Account
Rules— 265
Devaswom Fund Employees—
To be treated aa ministerial
reusoT BbvaSwom§- officer 63
Properties Of Transferable to state servipe.

EXPRESS LETTER FORM—
Introduction of
Extraordinary Ceremonies—
Standard Paditharam to b.
accepted for the conduc
of
Extra Territorial Lands
Manager—
Designation of Assistant
Forms—
Stooking of
Form of Correspondence—
Between Devaswom Officers
and other Offioers
Fousdari Commissioner's Chaiu-
iT Trioha
Receipts drawn on account
of—have to be stamped .
Fond Employes—
Penisonary contribution of .
Standardisation of pay of .
i'uNii Establishment—*
Expenditure on account of—
to be met from Dev.aswotp
Fond
4flBliJHADHARA—
Debiting of expenditure fot
the conduct of
(Jrakt—
Control of—to Charitable
Institutions ' .
To Private Devaswoms—
. Commutation rate. .,
Foment in hind of-^to Sri-
jjadom temples .
m
Payment ju kind of—to
Thiruvidakode Devaewon
Sending by money Order of-
In the Group Office—desig-
ant’ ohanged to
Head Quarters—
.Of combined Groups—Ettu-
manoor-Thiruvarpu and
Thiruv ella-Aranmula
Hindu Religious Endowment
Regulation—
Assistant Commissioner to
ereroise powers of Divi.
sion Peishkars under
Authority competent to line
Government not bound to
Rules under
HomA hears—
Allowances to—during leave.
Honoeart Services—
Formerly done by Revenue
Offiers in Devaswoms
INSPECTION'S -
Devaswoms outside the State
by Assistant Commis.
Interdepartmental Corbespdn-
To be promptly attended to .
InteedEpaetmEntal Lease—
No., security or. agreement
JapadAkssina Employes—*
Appointment— Frocedtife for
 654

fall address to be famished

of persona nominated
Nomination by private per¬
sons to be for one year .
Nomination by private per¬
sons—Powers of Dcva-
swom Officers over
Persons competent to issuo
' Keezh-Santhikars—
, Exempted from the produo-
’ tion of oertilioatos of qua¬
lification
KodivETTU—
) Fixing of the date for ...
Koodal Mamkkom Devaswom —
Routine papers relating to—
’ to be referred to the De-

Koppopanam—
Oiaims of outsiders over ...
genoy.
JAl'AKATiS
Karanma— conduct of im Powers of Davaswom Officers
during the absence of I ' to lease land on ... 32

Payment of allow
Kabahha Empmms—
Disoiplinary aotio

Leases of—on Venpattohi. .

Land AoODiSrtiON—
Passing of awards nn ...
Land GoNBhavATO RjSsdlA-
Mesponsibility of Proxies...
' Responsibility of Senior male
members for the conduBt

Pe BDHASAM—
Visit to—by the Assistant
Commission^ Vaikom '.
Pebumanam Assistant Kariakar
Appointment o£—
Change of Designation of-
Petitions—
KuleB for the submission
j of
cemeteries without previous
sanction—
Proximity to other institnt.
ions to be considered - .
Replies to the Dew»n Peish-
kar on applications to be
sent within 20 days
Written statements to be
obtained from applicants
for permission to open— .
Plus and Minus Statement—
Forms for- , 299,806
Poutioai Movements—
Attitude to be maintained by
Public servants towards—.
PciRAMBOKB LANDS—
Devaswom Department to be
oonsulted when Register¬
ing Kavu— . 361
Heads of Departments com-
petent to sanotion lease of-
For temporary occupation.
Holding of publio meetings
Procedure for the transfer
Of Devaswom Officers—
Connection of publio se
Pbinted Forms
Stoking of—
Pbintino—
obrreotion slips to r
6S7
s Temples—
Prohibitory Assessment—
Claim! of Devaswom Depari
Publication—
Responsibility for—id G-ov
ernmenr. Gazette—
Lie Accountants ReoUla
Public Servants—
Attitude towarde Political
Acting at foremen of ohit-
504
493 Agpointment of Relatives
by-
lending and borrowing of
money by—
Entering into financial tran¬
473 sactions—Rules to be ob¬
served—
Engaging in trades indue.
attaoh-
Participation lion Pro-
339 cea dings—
^ Raising subscription for pub¬
lic purposes by—
Relation with- co-operativt
societies
Rules for the submission oi
petitions'
Rules regulating enquiries
into the oonduot of—
Vindication by—of charaotf
from publio aots—
PtJBLlOITY OBEIOlIt—
Heads of Departments to at:
Public Works department
Work Shop—
.Setting of furniture from—

TuiRUCHAKDllR VlOHARAHADAB—
To take Prasadom to Palaoo.
Tuiruohandur Gharitiks—
Payiuont for the oonduot of
Eousdari Commissioner's
charities
Thistchamdur Kattalaib—
Control over tha
Thirupfatiht—
Payment of supervision
Belonging to government
alone to be used
Buies for aooounting eto., of.
Thimivabhabakam Special Offiofr-
Additional—sanctioning the
posts of
Nature of verification to be
done by
Supplemental instructions
for the guidance of
To work under the Assistant
Commissioner
TimttlylDAKODJ DliVASWOlI—
Payment in kind of grant to.
Todks outside the State—
Details of staff to follow „
Trust—
Government not bound to
take up management of
all Trusts under- H. B. E..
Regulation
Typist—
Additional—in the Devaswom
Commissioner’s office—
660
Disavam Maeamat—
Expenditure foi .putting up
sheds, eto., to be mot from.
Unfrankjd covers—
Exoess charges levied on .
Hearing of—on behalf c
public servants
Valedictory address—
Prohibiting aooeptanoe of-
Vazhivadu—
Abolition of Psthrsoooly
Bales for the aoceptsnoe c
endowment for
Veda Patasala—
Students of—to be show
preference in the appoim
went as Santhikars
Vedic school—
At Thirapporuinthui
Msnkombu—Allotr
Vekpattom leasis—
Powers of Devaswoi
missioner to san
Waste Paper—
46811
Travancore Devaswom Manuel Vol II
pill Contents
pV List of Rules and Standing Orders
pi Text
p649 Index